Reliability of "Subordinate CA Owner" Field
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Andrew Ayer
Sep 25, 2025, 9:50:37 AMSep 25
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According to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1S3u0-_YACA7m-3LPpjE-t4WCh2cww_SQFh2C9DJeXHA/edit?tab=t.0 the "Subordinate CA Owner" field means:
"This is the Subordinate CA's name as it appears in the provided audit statements. CA Owners are to leave it blank if BOTH control of the private key AND domain/IP/email validation activities are performed by the organization listed in the audit statement of the parent certificate."
First, "if" should be "if and only if". Otherwise, a CA is free to leave it blank even if a different organization controls the private key, which I don't think is the intent.
Second, is this Google Doc considered part of the CCADB Policy? If not, the above passage should be added to the CCADB Policy so that CAs are actually required to follow it.
Finally, is there any automated enforcement (e.g. Audit Letter Validation) to ensure that CAs are populating this field (or leaving it blank) correctly?
Regards,
Andrew
"This is the Subordinate CA's name as it appears in the provided audit statements. CA Owners are to leave it blank if BOTH control of the private key AND domain/IP/email validation activities are performed by the organization listed in the audit statement of the parent certificate."
First, "if" should be "if and only if". Otherwise, a CA is free to leave it blank even if a different organization controls the private key, which I don't think is the intent.
Second, is this Google Doc considered part of the CCADB Policy? If not, the above passage should be added to the CCADB Policy so that CAs are actually required to follow it.
Finally, is there any automated enforcement (e.g. Audit Letter Validation) to ensure that CAs are populating this field (or leaving it blank) correctly?
Regards,
Andrew
Ben Wilson
Sep 25, 2025, 4:09:34 PMSep 25
to Andrew Ayer, pub...@ccadb.org
Hi Andrew,
I agree that the intent would be clearer if we used “if and only if.” We'll take that into consideration as a Steering Committee. The only issue I see is where the name in an audit letter might be different due to some issue with the organizational structure of the CA Owner or due to a recent merger or acquisition. (But maybe that issue works itself out in practice when records are updated in the CCADB.) Otherwise, in nearly all cases, the field should be left blank "if and only if" both the private key control and domain/IP/email validation are handled by the same organization identified in the audit (i.e. the owner/operator of the root CA). In other words, I generally agree that we should make that suggested language change.
The Google Document itself isn’t formally part of the CCADB Policy. However, your observation is correct — if we want CAs to be bound by this requirement, it should be incorporated into the Policy itself. The CCADB Steering Committee can take up a change proposal to add this language to the CCADB Policy, ensuring that the expectation is enforceable and not just guidance.
-
At present, there is no automated enforcement of whether the “Subordinate CA Owner” field is populated correctly. (ALV does not have that kind of capability.) However, to start, there are existing CCADB administrative reports we use that can be adapted and run to cross-check consistency. For example, they might compare whether “Audit Same as Parent” is checked and whether the “Subordinate CA Owner” field has been populated or left blank. Such reports could help flag inconsistencies. I'll take a look at modifying one of our existing reports and running it. Then I can post the results in this thread.
Thanks for your input.
Ben
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Ben Wilson
Sep 26, 2025, 3:13:33 PM (13 days ago) Sep 26
to Andrew Ayer, pub...@ccadb.org
Here is an example. It's a report that lists the Subordinate CA Owner of an Intermediate Certicate record where the checkbox "Audits Same as Parent" is not checked.
Ben
| CA Owner | Subordinate CA Owner | Parent Certificate Name | SHA-256 Fingerprint |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 3 | ECC295B6DDCD084BA7179FB53BDD1D422CB6C0A8D94F154D4A5B17780B7279ED |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 1 | 5338EBEC8FB2AC60996126D3E76AA34FD0F3318AC78EBB7AC8F6F1361F484B33 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 1 | B0F330A31A0C50987E1C3A7BB02C2DDA682991D3165B517BD44FBA4A6020BD94 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 1 | BF8A69027BCC8D2D42A6E6D25BDD4873F6A34B8F90EDF07E86C5D6916DA0B933 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 1 | 138BDF6E23AC971EB4E626B279DD6A26F057510F1DE394293A5EEA2860DE019B |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 2 | 40FE28DC925D1A8A6B8F861863EB57CD30C6776416AB8A99920BAC7C925A4174 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 2 | 41BDC074EB9531EC81FEF08D9FFA16536F61FC59789265E95E89A4982AEF3F91 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 2 | 2CC39F6789B967B0282AEACA4548F602A1B274E90D260773E9E7B0F7C0F13432 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 2 | 3B6FAB0AB11C14EEF9031969E0ADB037C8FCC3366728A6567623D3C26B3632CB |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 3 | D241192CCE57D438986723972DD6F18B5A3A3456A708E8F273D147223AB6FA5D |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 3 | 493E78EEE8CCA1F26E6494ED924985AF3FA9E6110EAA61C3214E8D73B4047316 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 3 | F9693255933B68159D168AA9A247DA1DC66E23C0620338EF7149E48F83B1AE79 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 3 | 332B101539FA89CA4E228719FE5287AB6869AF31AB21CBF110F5DD3C5994C1C7 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 4 | DFE35C740CF41C0B053E2202EA5AFC2F021F70BF90B26BC861FE1D9A0BFC4F1E |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 4 | A7D15E62C78825919FB59BDE58EFCFB0225B4107DFC60026885420185DC69B63 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 4 | F40DA455BE136E0DB31A116FFD3C3002B1EBBC591558493FE630A9C8C9AFAD70 |
| Amazon Trust Services | DigiCert | Amazon Root CA 4 | 47FD11AD552AB264D7F272770D3B5590AAE145412F4AD6081BDC485298D8E000 |
| Asseco Data Systems S.A. (previously Unizeto Certum) | Shanghai Electronic Certification Authority Co., Ltd. | Certum Trusted Network CA | BFA95C5DF164B659FA32F6D10564D7170DDE661A853A782E6AB63639433BCB41 |
| Asseco Data Systems S.A. (previously Unizeto Certum) | Shanghai Electronic Certification Authority Co., Ltd. | Certum Trusted Network CA | BB61408AED9F530B2EC0545E53BA2C8EBEAA57D9976447DB1663CED4600CD6B7 |
| Deutsche Telekom Security GmbH | DFN-Verein | T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2 | F660B0C256481CB2BFC67661C1EA8FEEE395B7141BCAC36C36E04D08CD9E1582 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Trusted Root G4 | F74553757F2C6397D154296A86230C17B25DA8C7C426CD198A5107AD49047C30 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 340CA5BA402D140B65A2C976E7AE8128A1505C29D190E0E034F59CCAE7A92BC2 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA | D6EF3E09EBE0D9370E51F5C09A532B3AC70D3CE822253F9FC84C28E9BFA550D5 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 2585928D2C5BFD952E025BD12E27C6776224CF752EC362D3031CDD49351844D4 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA | E881D3B83C3BC694D7D99F92DE83B2BFF5C6EE2D9871A446DEA107D6397565FC |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 4A7F104F057D52F1AB912D41C1200744019E0E38A56FF27F4FA7ADB4E9A3AB9C |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 2AF988F26F6EF0DAB9055697F0941FB4E5C42247CA982826895EF29985D30CD6 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 392583543B93B10E0506DE75D69399FCBBC1469C8DE396066C756088B92241DA |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 8711EE539E74213F5F412EB4A18A98C3B58DA620B4D43E75B0542AFC39FC6033 |
| DigiCert | Apple Inc. | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 9218BAB94E7D5D1F81D62D0FC23E31C8BBCBEE3545D1D7E9D3FD29B30BC188C8 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 9D1BC5D2DD75BF8B64F35E7F919E2546C225BE888C1A8CBE82C0E9579234A7ED |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | BBD27139C5302C63D903F570F173AD4DC06C974B9EBE292C90FFCCAB5D6FA54E |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 511C1C41CB7EB2A10078C32C82F17925BA786DE46C633921D038E7409E15A5EA |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 89AADE767B7BA43F8DDE8E9E74A2FCBBEA40D57155F7E1F2259C88835601FAED |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 33F9731BE910A66DC6ACD07D9D9CA212EE8D0A9A5C78C8BF3E89BB74DF8FB936 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 7A3AE4F12920D5A8129BE1183FBEC4370EF10B8B3AD41EAE4A58D5385AA94D33 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 724247794951C93F3E41711617E95CE143263E3196C345A1DA78F6639749EC03 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | BE23414A42E74886E7C72A861BA2DDDA0175ED829223D894C5D272651FC0C189 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | DED374DC72904DCCAFB7DCD8429D45A6AADAB8028FD7C70CB1A0BD53FE0CCC6E |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 3BFBAB94D8573CF5501E87273833172EE3B2184FFFFD9B95A3906FC4DD3ADA50 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 64FE47E1256083CDAA1FE17AB2D3D965919FAD9CFE063A45A85F62487F88047E |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 39C492D06ED1150D35FCEACF0DF28D0FB61BBA072A34AA4E824D6BE339A7EB23 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 3ED3F8679802E0ABEEDB388A901DAF619B6F2B34F6926DCCFFF2139517351178 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | 6EC85CD93E5A7B4CAE58818CB0296A80B3B23AC8D7268E48882E53700F1544A8 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G2 | DDCD1E8A20638D4AAFF7201BB1D56452ACD2C759F1686BDC38F73DD15732BDC2 |
| DigiCert | Microsoft Corporation | DigiCert Global Root G3 | 61799E3594F6FA6C9F619031E4A3C9F643FDA38C083704A5075E5709A21B1AB7 |
| D-Trust | D-TRUST Root CA 3 2013 | 7B2D0CE123F48B27CD6333B1FB113FF9134BF97793902CFFBF3BE326A5D0101D | |
| D-Trust | D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 | 2D208A4CC0BE4216947D965D3AEFB0E37897D7691DDEB017E53E5C078BCD344C | |
| D-Trust | D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009 | 768B6746A28C48CC35024101E58F9786F56B676A3CE94C52F968EB888DD2372E | |
| GlobalSign nv-sa | Google Trust Services LLC | GlobalSign Root CA | 3EE0278DF71FA3C125C4CD487F01D774694E6FC57E0CD94C24EFD769133918E5 |
| GlobalSign nv-sa | Google Trust Services LLC | GlobalSign Root CA | 76B27B80A58027DC3CF1DA68DAC17010ED93997D0B603E2FADBE85012493B5A7 |
| GlobalSign nv-sa | Government of Hong Kong (SAR), Hongkong Post, Certizen | GlobalSign | 00482341B104A0DE6E0F1D508DB84CB514F7494FE04982133A5C750136C55DC8 |
| GoDaddy | Certainly LLC | Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 | 3379233C434610C8EAA9361ACBDD24C7D655409C6D680A8C2585FFDA27011EE7 |
| GoDaddy | Certainly LLC | Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2 | FEC41E32CA75C295A6240FA639D3ABE3BFB5CB131D6690E2331A176BED2E5BD2 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | 972957304031234ED17679FDCB97556D6173D5F2BF0E6E66D612680CA6E77685 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | D28DB435E31212A3BDCCF87620F6544B99A9C02328BF983E882FD0627A1D130F |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | 507DB60D263D3D09D283DE2E3AA435DFD8775E52BC335702E3832BBB57EC1CBD |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | D8553A2880E96B7AA4C7413DD903AFD3D580504695DD26A168FD48CCE7B1474A |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | 3EAD4F72F06F1054881D2728DE033A8E13FADE6BD165084018EB943C17378DAA |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | CIBG, Uitvoeringsorganisatie van het Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | 38DED3FF6827579008AF4887EB9698A3CFA927FA8ED59F06BA090FB9A63E2D77 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Cleverbase ID B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Burger CA - G3 | DE0A92E5435B613208DC435ECC7158BF28F420A93E0A91D5965972053F523549 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | DigiCert Europe Netherlands B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | C8C77ECF368D73214D50D88384464339E6F8E59F34B47E39E7965F4E5787CF1D |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | DigiCert Europe Netherlands B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | B0D9AFDA74163609E4EAB017EEE4CE0B235AEEF7D68C06F86E74C6387999B2B7 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | DigiCert Europe Netherlands B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | 15073C6BBDC74699A88518C27A57C956E5E23D6CA9619E521A468C7873DE4F8A |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | DigiCert Europe Netherlands B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | BECFDE124CEDD344D925CB55EDDA662D9A9C0688FA9A0870CE3DBB6DA4313E4E |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Digidentity B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | 533FE97EB45FCED24049E41EFE9DB254A5DD9D90DFD53C9512C6207EDB21D82C |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Digidentity B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Burger CA - G3 | 9C64E24D2CAAA8DD45EF99BA62277CEEE6005C663624514B8C770E2D075BB611 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Digidentity B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | 827A6B205D2E73FF379286DD0B2DED5AEC7239EFE6BC8CACB03ABCCD84B95750 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | KPN B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | F22DB657A1A929841ABCAC52671A5CEE8A7D069586AF85CE16DE2B05DDA22252 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | KPN B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | A9B5698C5263BEFF3D60720DC1844CB95D16F06E04268BCE3BE4D60282B01EF9 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Ministerie van Defensie | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Persoon CA - G3 | 5F6CAA44A4663C441DD92C8B6655FBF97CF6E1D6934DB8F5F8D97ADF7033FAAC |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | Quovadis Trustlink B.V. | Staat der Nederlanden Burger CA - G3 | 66388EE649CBE920FD949FA9B77E2AA45B5DEC4120B8FFAB371B0C9C5E38C1C1 |
| Government of The Netherlands, PKIoverheid (Logius) | QuoVadis/DigiCert | Staat der Nederlanden Organisatie Services CA - G3 | 6E25C0044C7EBB30D01A4CC3D5733D734D06CD296A6823E63527F4182D528351 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 | 93E33AF7DA3030530D090C9C55762CADE7EAE943F834349D1057A90EB67F306B |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 | 6A7B2AA3414039A663D5D8BBAB8256A3979A84C332BF5E1EE8F6D0E0ADA84668 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 2 | 673E8FEEB1168277D0153111D20ED38E9DA51F440BE7FD50B218540937741A48 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 | C42A4D8C0904BB211906F43B441BBBC9B5A003BA3611879FD34AE576F7C2F764 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 3 | D8CC89C6AA6B7452881907927C81E66DA01A7598CF7674E4E2E133F16546D5F0 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3 | 728E4BD2B399840E9D437AF975B0198910B4129B7AB708CB5C0B445D3B04D999 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3 | 9163F1910D4944BE32D0D224A79F9FA6B4036E9098795AC81D3DD14CE4FF24D2 |
| QuoVadis | DigiCert | QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3 | FF961F3F4738037D4261612ADA93FDFF5ED00D4681C90B099C7F5E9F4B4AFFA3 |
| SECOM Trust Systems CO., LTD. | Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd. | Security Communication RootCA2 | FECE9ADA7AA49D4FEA9EFF123542095A880C004FD6933F9364B02B2E3574EA38 |
| SECOM Trust Systems CO., LTD. | Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd. | Security Communication RootCA2 | 0207056D172C80BDFB6DC45BE9E5808846078D1E6EEF1B6ED70259AB332A64C1 |
| SECOM Trust Systems CO., LTD. | Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd. | Security Communication RootCA2 | BEA27C18D65948D8C61D582447B3747774609391A7E961CFA82331070BA6E77E |
| SECOM Trust Systems Co., Ltd. | Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd. | Security Communication RootCA2 | B723273A3506C6BED85F083DA562734BE09F2C47ADE47317831D63AA8BE278A5 |
| SECOM Trust Systems Co., Ltd. | Cybertrust Japan Co., Ltd. | Security Communication RootCA2 | 8346922CB8730BB6AE71AB03BFC42462F4160423D9079BE64385621AC5877672 |
| SECOM Trust Systems CO., LTD. | JPRS | Security Communication RootCA2 | F19D55CD08A3EA42BD91508073823174DD92370213C177F82531756DA7508A51 |
| SECOM Trust Systems CO., LTD. | JPRS | Security Communication RootCA2 | 801C522D3AD138E4F05D467EA369C1CC276078BF284018D0525EBBBC5342C836 |
| SECOM Trust Systems Co., Ltd. | JPRS | Security Communication ECC RootCA1 | 1B901D550A5A51F6737279C6021445F051BD293015612A5BAA3F8588829EE69A |
| SECOM Trust Systems Co., Ltd. | JPRS | Security Communication ECC RootCA1 | 9C280369D072F89D9C9B62640BBF2F28D2F30ECEE9759854031D5C5C53E8D1B6 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | AAA Certificate Services | EB62BFFA6CBC802E4DAE6F8C53908020BE7F07774A55E67BBD63ECC37679DEC8 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | AAA Certificate Services | 70DB9DED944DD35D474EA15FF2AA4E25F393A893ECDA54359D305BC319649817 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | AAA Certificate Services | 0B405CFE9A6BEB098FFB969121C5F6710F3F7FA9EA101A6418F7AF201D3D3938 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 9EC26DA7082782DE9ED89221DE7B02F7417557C261BA5BCB87CE68C0801E7341 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust ECC Certification Authority | 5F8AD1286DD9D1DAF23272E4E13CC995CCE5BE27BBF79029152BE09EF39ED296 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | A0F130F70059F6DE9FFC01F8004C8E07D438475C57134601B9EB65A36DD426C9 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | C1A99C82AD9BC8A2D7B7D599EA2C572BA8CBE0614B6A01C9064F396AC6B124DF |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust ECC Certification Authority | 18EC4A52CBFA5A02D6A10E2899318185E394B0294D5DEC7FF59BBF3012598B4C |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 6C66578DC96AD13EB7B688BDC09DB472D5FBF03B3BD21309665052A886D7E9B4 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 301E8CBB8C665CAB256EB196F73F4D296C9CAD25F32744904279E1B318233E3B |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | COMODO ECC Certification Authority | C451BEFBA87014ECD57851D1E682403E3CA60963773AE7FAA00FFD6FFAC8B2A3 |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 2C72DCBF8CB804CD0267043021238FE5A47C25912F4672E9001B1B0C28097C2B |
| Sectigo | Apple Inc. | USERTrust ECC Certification Authority | 7EA4FDF4721367AFEDBFD391101BE74A48D30D5ACDF873862A122B3A57B2B8C2 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 579480AEA166290BD3C643589E795FC0D0E54E86505D180F1DFF99EFD3199512 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | FD9D5C2DBBD4995AB69B8D50C439D9527B00529199C2FD01B2174EB58F07021F |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | ED82135F7D946673F8298BF758DC830BAD20FB37F5BB9EAC52B236563FEC931E |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 121C42490FECA63B63E7D068046CC4C5FC58436BF71C97283746F37A9DD67799 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 62B7F9868263F72F6911FC78CEAF72C1979158B7368BF648683BB2AA39B02E72 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 43785B01437218B8D57C2A5B5979976ECAF06B35A710A5CA4BB3C0C1BA65A078 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 0307BC756AAEA5398BF3B47D433D2BCB83470F7FEA640753877ADEFD910E8BF3 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 8FE4701D088C2250317BB3A77EDC1707E38E1112E8A334F615CFA9D46F175B04 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 45A883F349AEDFD5F3A649B5498FFB121712BA8B448F3F2A91DBC5A766FCDDBE |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 7485B51C0ED192878FA1D2F948FB529AE1842CC5086C4B67F7BE5B2039DE9489 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 5F1DED4DD590AF74631290CF073B122A2AAC6A1FA479778A0BD43579BD832699 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 5F0D6380B345D409C641D089B081D7B43B365FD413994403301671C3CBC6A3E5 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | A57FACB931C9A20376E6FE212F7234EFF7B8811436A421BEFF26F5DEA9BCC4F1 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 122A5433D8A2A8C501D5E680AB216885A6019326A189DF91E8895F8B5AD488DD |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | ECB8D30846BEF4B340C90152659F452FD81A7A4F41429B890F1E2B3467058565 |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | E0DA30FF7384B9873EDE9FB2DBA7F1353C7E60ED59BB9A43779F9E8494A47BAC |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | 1159D471B5746802C2F2CB2FFFE6D5C332B9319BD52ACEBFA93AEC07544E7C5D |
| Sectigo | eMudhra Technologies Limited | AAA Certificate Services | D62657961AC9C5A9A522549E34CADE585ECBFD3869A780C97EDF52E0EC90CEFC |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | USERTrust ECC Certification Authority | A9841D2E47CBE6D71D8FAFDF38387F93F43D76D792504EFB17A21020C58C0B89 |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 339E6B92BE5459F26A8DC3C5F3720933C838E236601B050048C047A123E6F8E7 |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | USERTrust RSA Certification Authority | 002393FA0A6825F77EF686E208620B97177791F02F07DB2518480FBE37CE7BD8 |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | USERTrust ECC Certification Authority | 562D6A5B4B067465FFD0FBFC9BB05755CDACF55B5EE5C6F910B8B53DB128F57A |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 | AC8C7EF96EB4B535FBFB4E7521F130536198A60DFF716312B22D4ACC4AFE9A7D |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 | 00C367A774B7CE9A0F791342383F865F2AF6CD37674B85167E6F239E313D60BB |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46 | 05461634195849A1BCCC99264912054FDEB987A52E661312AE9CCA3E3ED8D318 |
| Sectigo | Sectigo (Europe) | Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46 | 3CCF0306BED8C910B327A15F2159FDD1E414474F77696C3D98781B1160277BCA |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | E3191026C526487A05F68ADF4B8CA395C044AA6B5E72A70E8739DA71A860D0DB |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 3B8C379F23FA22256A0E1F44D92F0A0FC770BCDE9F8557F160149BCDA22EDE78 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 7FE5572FBE934AFC4151651FEF098B9940A47966C4085577314D7104CDE84329 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | A4270E5251691F6EC40CF774C6717E2EFEC3EB1E384607DC75836296AAA15C59 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 1372C7B4D6AC3A438BDFC87A29D303315FF34FC5B1E73205936B7B99284A8AF5 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 3708FB804391C75AA5D81235C214F398C6DCA6C9492A3AFDE92A5FD92FE48FAB |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | D306BF0D85BD10D083A1ECA5B38D40149E5C450F996021CC08DE254D1722E619 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 2DC7DDC440B6332274868C5E1DF5D15BD71E5A1861D22B6181BC1C2CBFA32B34 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 28DE5F98B2DB4C4381FDA8307AC9C355DB898966B525665A019F5D6DFE7EF1CA |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | FE9FB0F783EBB843109AA31DE9DA9864B6542940C307DF23180B11F1F7E108DE |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 1DAF812025E2376279C074050EE35E1B2D909F8B57A00F82B7B5D28120C3582A |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | AB3DE819F342F0A61D199D4BE86A4F7F3F2810CDFF0B0BFF872F4D93E812CE80 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | B90CF398E1BE2E59C6BF1E0F7F996CAB2E1533734A0BC328989C135EB19D6729 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | C28A1FDF14AE3F045FBC5E1602A01030A77236CC52267F2360899C832E975C15 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | 5ABA720A2F527774D516DC12021E6248756ADF046EAE0818555E969F8E43CC1F |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | EBD417F595C3F259B7455C8135293505B692C47E0F74D3BA885CE22C8875CA28 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | D6DF0026E5939EF08BEDAC8C5838F1F0A6EFA7CAD5F6B8BB80AEB255DA96EBB3 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | AAA Certificate Services | BA06D3D3E348FCE7478CC84B422D0E638E9E221EF1A0B53ADC14CC70E04B8AB8 |
| Sectigo | SSL.com | Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2 | AAC42585276A2BA42710CA7AF27B1369F339F24F70D9095BE956391CAAF8BA94 |
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