Thanks. I was able to get this to work with a couple of modifications.
First of all, I added the settings to my cas.properties file rather than setting them on the command line. I did this so I can keep as many of the changes in source control as possible.
Second, I had to modify the static locations prop as follows:
spring.resources.static-locations=file:///etc/cas/resources/,classpath:/static/
Without the classpath, CAS was only serving files from my local directory and I only wanted to externalize the resources I'm adding and overriding.