Hi, 
Thanks for the quesiton. 
You probably can use ImageAnalysis/Preview and framework classes AudioRecord/MediaCodec/MediaMuxer to do the recording.
Something like:
Camera -> ImageAnalysis(or Preview)  -> MediaCodec \ 
                                                                                                    -> MediaMuxer -> Video file
AudioRecord -> Your audio processing -> MediaCodec /
But this requires app to do the encoding and muxing.
To clarify, do you want to get/modify the audio raw data from CameraX and then feeding it to the CameraX Recorder?
The current CameraX video recording is like
Camera -> VideoCapture \
                                                -> Recorder -> Video file
                     AudioSource / 
Is the following CustomProcessor what you want?
                Camera -> VideoCapture   \
                                                                  -> Recorder -> Video file
AudioSource  -> CustomProcessor  /
or a CustomAudioSource?
                Camera -> VideoCapture   \
                                                                  -> Recorder -> Video file
                     CustomAudioSource    /
or ?
Any samples are appreciated.