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Springer Handbook Of Geographic Information by Wolfgang Kresse
Computer science provides a powerful toolwhich was virtually unknown three generations ago and newapplications have emergedwhich were technically not feasible without the support of a computer. These developments lead to new high-level domains. One of them is Geographic Information.Classical fields of knowledge are geodesy (surveying), cartography, and geography.Electronics and computershave revolutionized geodetic methods. Cartography has faced the dominance of the computer that results in simplified cartographic products. All three fields now make use ofthe internet and databases wheregeodesy may be interpreted as the input-component, cartography as the output component, and geography as one of many application of geographic information.Fast and mobile internet access as well as a comprehensive standardization of data exchange have opened the door to many new applications. Typical examples are spatial data infrastructures. They enable an overlay of data that reside on different