Quarterly ASCII posting of SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ
Boyd Lynn Gerber
Posting-Frequency: quarterly
Version: 1.0.0a
Last-modified: 1999/11/01
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Maintainer: Boyd Lynn Gerber <ger...@zenez.com>
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SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ ASCII.
(Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ
UnixWare 7 FAQ (Frequenty Asked Questions)
Orignally submitted by Matthew Schalit and is now available for all to
use and maintain via the web. We use FAQ-O-Matic written by Jon Howell
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Subcategories:
(Category) General Information
(Category) User Related Information
(Category) Media/Device Information
(Category) Networking
(Category) System Administration
(Category) Security
(Category) Third Party Software
(Category) Useful Shell Commands
(Category) Migrating from OpenServer 5 to UnixWare 7
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What about programing in UnixWare 7
(Answer) About Matthew Schalit
[Add a New Answer in "SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ"]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
General Information
This section is for General Information about UnixWare 7
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What's a node? What's a host?
(Answer) What is a nodename? What is a hostname?
(Answer) What is a Domain Name?
(Answer) What is a Fully Qualified Domain Name?
(Answer) Something doesn't work. How do I fix it?
(Answer) What does 'OLSS' stand for?
(Answer) What is a disk, a disc, and a diskette?
(Answer) What's a program? What's a process?
(Answer) What commands are used to install software?
(Answer) How do I add a package on a disk?
(Answer) How do I add a group of packages on a disk?
(Answer) How do I add a package that's on the OLSS disc, or on the Uw7
discs?
(Answer) hat are the names of the UnixWare7 devices (like disk, tape,
etc...)
(Answer) What is stdin? What is stdout? What is stderr?
(Answer) Why am I suddenly getting not privileged or no permissions
errors?
(Answer) How do I access DOS diskettes?
(Answer) What are some really neat things about Uw7?
(Answer) What is the Webtop?
(Answer) What is Visionfs?
(Answer) What's a sticky bit?
(Answer) Who is logged into my Uw7 host?
(Answer) hat processes are being run by user foobar?
(Answer) How do I boot a Uw7 computer?
(Answer) How do I turn off a Uw7 computer or just reboot it?
(Answer) How do I boot into single user mode?
(Answer) What's an inode?
(Answer) What's a hard link?
(Answer) What's a symbolic link?
(Answer) How many users are licensed on my Uw7 host?
(Answer) What's a router? What's a route? What's a default route?
(Answer) What's a hop?
(Answer) What's ISL?
(Answer) What an ACL?
(Answer) What are the minimum system requirements for Uw710?
(Answer) Where do I get the two install diskettes and the HBA
diskette?
(Answer) In what order do I insert my HBA diskettes, one came from a
3rd party?
(Answer) How do I list the installed software on the system?
(Answer) How do I check and repair the installed software?
(Answer) How do I document my UW 7 System? (HW, SW...)
(Answer) What's a MB? What's a Mb? What's a KB and a Kb?
(Answer) How do I convert decimal numbers to binary numbers?
(Answer) How do I convert binary to decimal?
(Answer) Are the any Y2K or 2-digit vs. 4-digit year issues?
[Add a New Answer in "General Information"]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What's a node? What's a host?
Node and host are synonyms for 'computer.' A node can also refer to a
device file like /dev/rdsk/f03ht, which gets created with the command
mknod.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What is a nodename? What is a hostname?
A nodename or a hostname is a computer's name. Computers are given
names these days, so that they can be easily distinguished from one
another in a network environment. A nodename is a single word, eight
characters or less, in lower case, that begins with a letter. For the
name to be compatible with uucp, keep the name seven characters or
less. Common names for people's computers are types of trees,
countries, and names of their favorite Sci-Fi characters. eg. the
hosts used in some SCO documents:
tortola
redwood
luke
sales1
ger...@zenez.com
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
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What is a Domain Name?
A domain name is the name that a group of computers all share. We are
familiar with common domain names like:
sco.com
ibm.com
pacbell.net
sco.co.uk
A domain name is the human-friendly representation of the network
address of a group of computers.
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Information :
What is a Fully Qualified Domain Name?
A FQDN is the complete name for a computer that specifies it on a
network. It consists of the nodename + domain name:
tortola.sco.com
doc.sco.com
www.sco.com
luke.mydomain.net
www.deepspace.ucsb.edu
A FQDN is the human-friendly representation of the IP address for a
host on a network.
ger...@zenez.com
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
Something doesn't work. How do I fix it?
There are the man pages, which contain the directions for each command
and some important files, too. Use the 'man' or 'apropos' command to
look for a command or subject respectively:
man grep
apropos security
Use the scohelp search engine on the UnixWare host to search for a
word or words. If the host is down, use scohelp from SCO:
http://localhost:457/ <-- This url is for the UnixWare host.
http://doc.sco.com/ <-- This url is for the SCO document site.
My two favorite places for information:
http://www.dejanews.com/
http://www.sco.com/ta/
The first is a Usenet search engine, and the latter is the SCO
Technical Article home page where you can search the SCO database for
your issue. The Usenet newsgroups that you will want to focus on are:
comp.unix.unixware.misc
comp.unix.sco.misc
comp.unix.sco.programmer <--- Programing Questions
There is an excellent Uw7 book recently published:
Henriksen G. and M., _UnixWare 7 System Administration_
There are excellent web sites by other good people at:
http://www.aplawrence.com/
http://www.cruzio.com/~jeffl/sco/index.html
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Information :
What does 'OLSS' stand for?
Open License Software Supplement, which was previously named
Skunkware. This is a collection of unsupported software written by the
unix community for SCO Os's. For a list of the programs that were
contained on the OLSS that shipped with Uw7.1.0, see section 8.4.
ger...@zenez.com
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Information :
What is a disk, a disc, and a diskette?
A disk refers to a hard disk drive.
A disc refers to a cd-rom disc.
A diskette refers to a floppy diskette.
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Information :
What's a program? What's a process?
A program is a file that is stored on a physical piece of media that
can be run to perform a series of tasks.
A process is what you call that program when it is loaded into and
running in memory.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What commands are used to install software?
Software in Uw7 is usually bundled into an installable archive called
a package.
In Uw7, packages are added, viewed, modified, and deleted with
variations of the following commands. See also the next question.
pkgadd
pkginfo
pkgrm
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Information :
How do I add a package on a disk?
To add a package named '/tmp/myapp.pkg' do the following:
cd /tmp
pkgadd -d `pwd`/myapp.pkg
It is preferable to add a package utilizing the `pwd` command, because
we find ourselves deep in a directory tree sometimes, and it is easier
to let the shell complete that path name rather than type
pkgadd -d /mnt/apps/uw7/olss/squid/squid2.2/squid-2.2STABLE2.pkg
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Information :
How do I add a group of packages on a disk?
Let's say you have a bunch of OLSS packages that you downloaded and
stored in /dload/olss/*.pkg, then you can do the following:
cd /dload/olss
find `pwd` -name "*pkg" -ok pkgadd -d {} \;
where
find <-- the command searches your mounted filesystems
`pwd` <-- is evaluated as your current directory
-name <-- tell find that your looking for a specific file(s)
"*pkg" <-- called splat pkg.
-ok <-- pipe those complete pathnames to to the next command
If and Only If the user presses the 'y' key after
each found file is displayed to stdout.
pkgadd -d <-- that's the package adding command
-d <-- tells pkgadd that the next arg will be the path to the pkg
{} <-- this is where find inserts the path it found one at a time
\; <-- Escaped semi means end of the line.
or from a bourne or korne shel
cd /dload/olss
for i in *.pkg
do
pkgadd -d `pwd`\$i
done
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
How do I add a package that's on the OLSS disc, or on the Uw7 discs?
To add the package named 'less' from the first cd-rom drive:
pkgadd -d cdrom1 less
You can also install a bunch of apps at the same time, as in:
pkgadd -d cdrom1 less gs xpm glibs gv xpdf top pine
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
hat are the names of the UnixWare7 devices (like disk, tape, etc...)
UnixWare comes with two neat commands called, 'getdev' and 'devattr'
which are often used one after the other:
getdev
devattr -v diskette1
After looking at devattr, take a look at Section (3), Media,
Filesystems, and Disks.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What is stdin? What is stdout? What is stderr?
stdin, standard in, means the screen input that is displayed to you
when you are typing at a prompt. The keystokes being entered are the
input.
stdout, standard out, means the screen that is displayed to you when
you are typing at a prompt. Commands like 'ls' and 'cat' display their
output to standard out.
stderr, standard error, means the screen that error messages are
displayed to. The registration nag displays itself to stderr, which is
usually on the console, ctrl-alt-esc.
stdin, stdout and stderr can all be redirected. This is dependent on
the shell being used. For example with the bourne shell.
< /what/ever/you_want/... *Would be a stdin redirect
> /what/ever/you_want/... *Would be a stdout redirect
2> /what/ever/you_want/... *Would be a stderr redirect
> /dev/null *Would go to the null device
Double << >> 2>> *Would append
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
Why am I suddenly getting not privileged or no permissions errors?
When something drastic occurs, such as the restoring of critical
files, the securities privilege database can get corrupted. Symptoms
could be that a user tries to ping and they will see:
UX:ping: ERROR: socket: permission denied
Check it with:
initprivs
If running that returns anything at all, then fix it immediately with
/etc/security/tools/setpriv -x
(This happened to me on the 24th, two days after I made this and
checked it. As I recall, a BP backup had recently hung, hmmmm.
ger...@zenez.com
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
How do I access DOS diskettes?
In Uw710 and future releases, the old DOS utilities have been replaced
with the 'mtools' programs located on the OLSS disc, so that SCO will
not have to pay royalties to Microsoft. We now have:
mdir mcopy mdel mmd mformat
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
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What are some really neat things about Uw7?
UnixWare 7.1.0 was bundled with two outstanding applications in my
opinion, that make it more useful than some Os's. The Webtop and
Visionfs open doors like no other programs I have ever seen (except a
web browser, of course).
UnixWare's 'more' lets you scroll up line by line.
UnixWare's ftp daemon lets users compress and/or tar archives on the
fly of uncompressed / untar'ed files or directories.
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What is the Webtop?
The Webtop is a scaled down version of Tarentella!! What's with the
exclamation points? Please allow me to explain...
The Webtop lets you run an application on Uw7 but display it to any
Netscape w/Java browser anywhere in the world.
This redirection of display and keyboard control is what used to be
accomplished with an X-Server running on a PC. Then the X-based
application running on Uw7 would be displayed on the PC using the PC
X-Server.
Disadvantage == $$.
Disadvantage == Installing X-Server on all PC's
Disadvantage == Limited to X-Applications.
Also, redirection of display and keyboard control is being done by
telnet for terminal based programs, and in a more specialized way with
products such as Facet-Win.
Now with the Webtop,
Advantage == Low $$, almost every computer has Netscape. Webtop is free.
Advantage == No configuration needed on the PC side if Netscape is
already running with Java enabled.
Advantage == Simple as heck for users. They just type the URL:
http://myhost/webtop/ <-- 'myhost' is the Uw7 FQDN.
and they are presented with a Login screen.
Advantage == Can be seen on any computer with Netscape, not just PC's.
Advantage == Can be administered from anywhere in the world.
Advantage == Root can use the scoadmin managers through the webtop.
Advantage == Runs many type of programs like X-apps, Terminal apps, etc.
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What is Visionfs?
Visionfs is a program that runs on the Uw7 host and lets Windows users
do file and print sharing with the Unix host. Windows users will see
the Unix computer in their Network Neighborhood.
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What's a sticky bit?
A sticky bit is one of the permissions that can be set on a directory.
Most people are familiar with read and write permissions already.
drwxrwxrwx <-- A directory that any user can list,
create/delete files in, or access.
When the sticky bit is set on a directory, it means that anyone can
create files in the directory but users can only delete files they
own.
drwxrwxrwt <-- Here the sticky bit is set.
The temp directory has the sticky bit set on it. To set the sticky bit
on a directory called /foo as shown above, enter the command:
chmod 1777 /foo
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
Who is logged into my Uw7 host?
You can use the 'who -Hu' command.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
hat processes are being run by user foobar?
You can use the 'ps -fu foobar' command.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
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How do I boot a Uw7 computer?
When you turn on the power, you will see a UnixWare 7 splash screen
after your computer POST's. There is a 5 second delay and then it will
autoboot into multiuser mode. If for some reason you are presented
with a boot: prompt, you can type go and hit Enter.
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How do I turn off a Uw7 computer or just reboot it?
As root, from the / directory enter:
shutdown -g0 -y -i0 <-- To shut it off
shutdown -g0 -y -i6 <-- To reboot it
both commands wait for zero seconds before beginning the shutdown, and
both commands require no further 'yes' responses.
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How do I boot into single user mode?
Turn on the computer or reboot it, and when you see the splash screen,
press the space bar. At the boot prompt, type:
initstate=1
go
Do not attempt to do an 'init 1' or 'shutdown -i1' from multiuser
mode. This barely works, and you will get many errors.
Do not attempt to go to multiuser mode from single user mode.
To get to multiuser mode from single user mode, reboot!
If you don't, you will most likely have a crippled system.
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(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What's an inode?
An inode is a data structure that contains information about a file.
Inodes are named by numbers starting from 2. Inodes are unique in a
filesystem, meaning that each filesystem has one unique set of inodes,
starting with the number 2. Each file has an inode assigned to it when
it is created. There has been historically a 64,000 inode limit on a
filesystem, and we had to watch out that we didn't create too many
files then run out of inodes.
The inode (information node) contains the following data:
* mode - d,l,c,b (Directory, Link, Device Files)
* link count - the number of hard links to the file
* owner -
* group -
* size in bytes -
* time stamps - mtime, ctime, atime
* data block addresses - Pointers to the real data
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What's a hard link?
A hard link is an additional name for a file. When a user creates a
hard link, an inode number / name pair is entered into the target
directory, and that inode is the same number as the original inode.
Thus both names have the same inode number.
Hard links can not cross filesystem boundaries (filesystems have
different inode tables). Hard links can't link directories.
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What's a symbolic link?
A symlink is sometimes called a soft link and is another way to
provide multiple names for the same file. A symlink can cross
filesystem boundaries and can link directories.
Physically, when a user creates a symlink, a new file is created in
the target directory, and that file's inode contains a pointer to the
original file's data.
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How many users are licensed on my Uw7 host?
You can run the uname -l command.
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What's a router? What's a route? What's a default route?
A router is a network device that is used to connect two different
networks together. The difference in the networks can be as trivial as
just a different subnet (different addresses) or complex as in
connecting and translating a DSL line to a local LAN for example.
A router can be a separate device as in a Cisco router or a router can
be a computer with 2 network cards. A firewall is a secure router.
When a computer on network A needs to talk to a computer on network B,
the data passes back and forth through the router, using it as the
connection between the networks. The path that the data takes from
network A to B through the router is called a route. For computers on
A to talk to B, they need to have a route entered in their Operating
System's routing table. In the routing table, a route is listed as the
IP address of the router. This says to the host, use the router as the
route to any unknown IP.
If there is no static route from A to B, then the system will fall
back onto the default route to get data out to an unknown IP network.
Because our computers are generally attached to only one subnet, and
because there is usually a router on that subnet to connect that
subnet to the rest of the world, the host in this case always uses the
same route to get its data out. That route is what we want to use as
the default route.
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What's a hop?
When we speak of the number of hops that it takes for data to get from
computer A to computer B, we are referring to the number of routers
that the data passes through to get there.
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What's ISL?
ISL stands for Initial System Load, which is what we call it when you
install your OS.
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What an ACL?
ACL stands for Access Control List, and an ACL is a list of
permissions that correspond to a file the same way UID:GID and
rwxr-xr-- do. The ACL permissions are an extension of the usual
permissions on a file. ACL's give us a way to let specific users
access files, users who would not otherwise have access. See also the
ACL question(s) in the System Administration section. When there is an
an active ACL list for a file, and ls -l will show a (+) sign after
the permissions bit, i.e.:
-rwxr-xr-x+
ACL's can be used to let two different groups have access to a file,
or they can be used on a more specific per user basis. ACL's can also
be put onto a directory, and then they act as the default ACL's for
any new files that get created, just like umask does.
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What are the minimum system requirements for Uw710?
32 MB RAM, 486DX, mouse, SVGA, floppy, cd-rom or nic to install, and a
1.2 GB hard drive (500MB for small footprint server). That would be
silly to use, though; so try to use at least a Pentium with 64 MB ram.
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Where do I get the two install diskettes and the HBA diskette?
Normally those diskettes were packaged with the Uw7 media kit that you
got. When they are lost or corrupted, you can recreate them from
images that are on your Uw7 Install Disc #1. Those images are stored
on the disc in
/info/images/Boot_ima.1
/info/images/Boot_ima.2
/info/images/Hba_imag
To make a diskette from one of those images, there are three ways:
A) Use a Uw7 machine, cd to the /info/images directory and:
format -E /dev/rdsk/f03ht
dd if=image of=/dev/rdsk/f03ht bs=512k
I patiently run an exhaustive verify on my diskette
formats, but that's just me.
B) Use the program rawrite2 which is available on the net.
Run this in a DOS window somewhere distasteful:
rawrite2 -f d:\info\images\Boot_ima.1 -d A:
C) Use the floppycp program which is available on the net.
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Information :
In what order do I insert my HBA diskettes, one came from a 3rd party?
When you are given an HBA diskette for Uw7 from a third party hardware
vendor like DPT or Mylex, you will insert that diskette first and
insert the SCO supplied HBA diskette last. The install process will
use the first installed driver, if there were two installed.
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How do I list the installed software on the system?
You can use the pkginfo command as in:
pkginfo
pkginfo -l <pkgname like nsfast or gcc>
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How do I check and repair the installed software?
People are tempted to use the pkgchk -n command to check if there are
any errors in the installed packages. This is ok. But it is NOT ok at
all to use pkgchk -f to fix things up. The Uw7 Release 7.1 Getting
Started Guide specifically states,
on p. 65,
'It is typical to see a number of errors when running this command
(pkgchk or pkgchk -n), due to the number of and interaction
between the various packages on your system. You should make a
note of any errors you find, but do not attempt to fix these
errors with pkgchk -f. This command is currently not
supported and may cause your system to fail or not reboot.
There is no current workaround.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
How do I document my UW 7 System? (HW, SW...)
There are a number of ways to view and/or create a text file of your
UnixWare 7 hardware configuration.
1. The resmgr(1M) command can be invoked to write hardware
configuration information to the file /tmp/hw:
# /sbin/resmgr > /tmp/hw
2. This command produces an easy-to-read HTML document of the system
configuration:
# sh /usr/lib/X11/testtools/z35SysInfo
The file it produces is called /tmp/machine_name.sysinfo.html, where
machine_name is the hostname of your computer. You can view this
nicely formatted page from your browser and/or send it in to your SCO
Technical Support Provider when requested.
3. The prtconf(1M) command (/usr/sbin/prtconf) prints system memory
and peripheral configuration.
4. The sdiconfig(1M) command queries the storage device interface
subsystem to determine which disk, tape and scsi controllers are
present. To list the controllers and the attached devices, use the
command:
# /sbin/sdiconfig -l
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
What's a MB? What's a Mb? What's a KB and a Kb?
MB == Megabyte
Mb == Megabit
KB == Kilobyte
Kb == Kilobit
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
How do I convert decimal numbers to binary numbers?
To convert decimal to binary, draw yourself the following chart, and
I'll convert 184 to binary:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 <-- two to this power
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 <-- equals the number below it
To convert 184, I think to myself:
* 184 has at least a 128 in it, so I put a one in the 128's column.
1
* 184-128 = 56 , which is less that 64, so there are no 64's. Put a 0
in the 64's columns and a one in the 32's instead.
1 0 1
* 56-32 = 24, so I need a 16 and an 8 to make 24, no 4's, 2's, or 1's.
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
So 184 = 10111000. I hope that wasn't too confusing.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
How do I convert binary to decimal?
To convert binary back to decimal, draw the usual chart:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Then to convert 11011011, for instance, write it below the columns,
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 which looks like:
128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 219
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) General
Information :
Are the any Y2K or 2-digit vs. 4-digit year issues?
There was recently a TA put up on the SCO web site that discusses the
problem with the way gettime(3C) parses a date string. This happens
when we use the useradd command for instance, and by default, Uw7 has
difficulty with 07/04/1999 vs 07/04/2000. The fix is to switch the
order of the entries in /etc/datemsk.
%m/%d/%Y needs to be above
%m/%d/%y/%H
See the TA for more info. Also there is a Y2K patch for 7.1.0,
ptf7402, and one should apply that.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
User Related Information
User types of questions and answers.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What shell am I using?
(Answer) How do I display user foobar's user ID and groups?
(Answer) What is a really good shell that gives me useful commands?
(Answer) Where is the users home directory mounted on UnixWare7?
(Answer) What is User Equivalence and why is it important?
(Answer) What do the permissions -rw-r--r do? How about drwxr-xr-x ?
(Answer) How do I use Korn shell command recall (history)?
(Answer) How do I use Korn shell filename and directory name
completion?
(Answer) Can I display 132 columns on my terminal screen instead of
80?
(Answer) How do I change the color of the terminal font or background?
(Answer) How do I ls -l a directory but not it's whole contents?
(Answer) Why do I want to use 'less' ?
(Answer) How do I impress changes made to .profile on my environment?
(Answer) How do I spell check this Faq?
[Add a New Answer in "User Related Information"]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
What shell am I using?
Use the 'ps' command:
ps
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I display user foobar's user ID and groups?
Use the 'id' command:
id foobar
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
What is a really good shell that gives me useful commands?
People enjoy the Korn Shell, ksh, for everyday use. It gives the user
the ability to do command recall and filename completion. The default
root shell is the Bourne shell, sh, which is considered more secure
because it does not have command line history, but is limited and
rather old. Bash is the Borne Again Shell, a newer version of the
Bourne Shell which is well liked also.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
Where is the users home directory mounted on UnixWare7?
The home directory for UnixWare is called '/home' and it is often
created as slice number 4 on the first disk drive:
/home is mounted on /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s4
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
What is User Equivalence and why is it important?
User equivalence exists on a network when the following occurs on
_all_ computers on that network:
a given user has the same username, UID, and password
a given user belongs to the same groups
a given group has the same GID
This enables all users to have transparent access no matter what
terminal they sit down at. It also enables users to utilize commands
such as 'rlogin.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
What do the permissions -rw-r--r do? How about drwxr-xr-x ?
Permissions control whether users can list, create, delete, access,
read, modify, or run a file. Definitions are as follows:
Directory Perms File Perms
----------------- ------------
r = ls the directory r = cat a file
w = create / delete files in the dir. w = modify file with vi
x = access the directory x = execute a file
To answer the question, the first example lets the owner read and
write to the file, and everyone else can only read it (excluding
root). In the second example, the directory is set up so that the
owner of the directory can list files in the directory, create/delete
them, and access the directory. Everyone else, except root, can only
list the files and access the directory.
Note that DELETING a file depends on the directory w permission and
the directory's owner/group, NOT on the file's w permission!
Permissions can be listed with the 'ls -l' command.
Permission numerical equivalents:
read = 4
write = 2
execute = 1
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I use Korn shell command recall (history)?
Commands you have typed can be recalled again on the command line so
that you can just press 'Enter' to re-execute the command. Commands
can be recalled and edited, too. The history of commands is kept in
the user's directory as $HOME/.history.
First the user needs to log in using the Korn shell, which is the
default shell for new users. The user's $HOME/.profile needs to
contain the lines:
EDITOR=vi
export EDITOR
Then log in as the user. Go ahead and type a few harmless commands
like 'cal' and 'banner hello' to prime your history file; then you are
ready to use it. When you want to work with a command in your history,
press the 'Esc' key once. This puts you into a single line vi editor,
in command mode, that has opened your history file. To cycle up or
down through the commands in your history, use the 'j' and 'k' keys
just as you would in vi. When you find the command you want, press
Enter.
Because you are using a single line vi, you can use all the usual vi
commands to move about and alter the command as needed. Things to try
are the search '/' keystroke in order to search through your history
for the command you are looking for and the 'w' or 'b' keystrokes.
ger...@zenez.com
The equivalent for emacs style editing is
set -o emacs
or
EDITOR=emacs
export EDITOR
or ksh invocation as
ksh -o emacs
The playback and editing keys are then the normal movement sequences
^P, ^N, ^B, ^F, ^A, ^E.
ho...@sco.com
Use of Arrow keys can be enabled in ksh88 and previous with the
following set in your ~/.profile # fn keys for ansi terminal or xterm
alias __A='^P' # UpArr alias __B='^N' # DwnArr alias __C='^F' #
RghtArr alias __D='^B' # LftArr alias __H='^A' # Home
( The ^x form here is the real control character)
for ksh93 and later the above will not work instead you need the
following # test for ksh93 - (dropped ERRNO) set keybinding handling
[[ ${ERRNO:-unset} == "unset" ]] && {
alias array='typeset -A'
typeset -A KeyTable
trap 'eval "${KeyTable[${.sh.edchar}]}"' KEYBD
function keybind # key [action]
{
typeset key=$(print -f "%q" "$2")
case $# in
2) KeyTable[$1]=' .sh.edchar=${.sh.edmode}'"$key"
;;
1) unset KeyTable[$1]
;;
*) print -u2 "Usage $0 key [action]"
return 2 # usage errors return 2 by default
;;
esac
}
keybind $'\t' $'\E\E' # Tab -> file/cmd completion
keybind $'\E[A' $'\020' # up
keybind $'\E[B' $'\016' # down
keybind $'\E[C' $'\006' # right
keybind $'\E[D' $'\002' # left
keybind $'\E[H' $'\001' # beginning of line 'Home'
keybind $'\E[Y' $'\005' # 'End' of line
ho...@sco.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I use Korn shell filename and directory name completion?
The Korn shell can be used to help someone type out the long name of a
file or directory. Often we give gzipped archives such a long
descriptive name that it takes too long to type the whole thing.
To use name completion, use the Korn or Bash shell with the EDITOR
variable set to 'vi' as described in (2.7). Then start typing
something like
cd /opt/net
then press:
'Esc'
'\'
The keystrokes Esc, then \ will complete the name net to netscape if
net contains enough characters to uniquely identify the only possible
name as 'netscape.' If there are two or more files or directories that
start with net, then nothing will change on your screen.
ger...@zenez.com
For emacs mode the equivalent character sequence is Esc Esc. THat can
be mapped to the more convenient TAB key with the trap and keybind
function listed in the section on commandline history recall and
playback and the following binding in ~/.profile
keybind $'\t' $'\E\E' # Tab -> file/cmd completion
ho...@sco.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
Can I display 132 columns on my terminal screen instead of 80?
This is still not possible in a regular window. It is possible to do
on the CDE in a dtterm by clicking on Options -->Window Size -->132
columns.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I change the color of the terminal font or background?
Use the 'setcolor' command. I like to leave the default white on black
for regular characters and change the inverse, as in:
setcolor -r yellow red
This looks good to me when I pipe things to 'less.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I ls -l a directory but not it's whole contents?
When you try to ls -l /tmp to see what the permissions are on /tmp,
the command lists the contents of /tmp instead. To stop that, type:
ls -ld /tmp
You can remember the -d as standing for 'directory.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
Why do I want to use 'less' ?
Less is an excellent program that can be pkgadd'd off the OLSS disc.
Less is more. Less has the following excellent aspects:
* Less can scroll up and down line by line
* Less can scroll horizontally, left and right
* Less can be configured so that it does not wrap long lines (ps -ef !!)
* Less uses all the usual vi commands like h, j, k, l, and /.
* Less can tail a growing log file just like tail -f does.
* Less will highlight text strings found using /.
To get the most out of less, I like to do the following in my
.profile:
setcolor -r yellow red
LESS=MS
export LESS
This sets the highlight colors, and exports the -M and -S arguments to
less which makes less put file %'s at the bottom of the screen and
makes less not wrap long lines (scroll right with the arrow key).
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I impress changes made to .profile on my environment?
You can type the command
. $HOME/.profile
using the . with a space after it causes the file to be run.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) User Related
Information :
How do I spell check this Faq?
Uw7 comes with the spell command, but I find it hard to use. There is
an excellent spell checker on the OLSS called ispell. It is
interactive and has a ? command for help.
pkgadd -d cdrom 1 ispell
ispell bitsofaq
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Media/Device Information
What information do you need to know about Media/Devices on UnixWare
7?
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What's a partition?
(Answer) What's a slice?
(Answer) What's an inode?
(Answer) What are the disk names like c0b0t0d0s0 ?
(Answer) What is the device name of the diskette drive?
(Answer) How do I write files to a diskette and list them?
(Answer) How do I format a 1.44 MB floppy?
(Answer) How do I create a filesystem on a floppy?
(Answer) How do I mount a floppy and view the contents?
(Answer) How do I access the disc in my cd-rom drive?
(Answer) What might a guru type when mounting a disc?
(Answer) Can I burn a cdr in UnixWare 7.1.0?
(Answer) What is the tape drive called?
(Answer) What is a good tape drive to use with Uw7?
(Answer) What are some of the tape commands I want to know?
(Answer) What are the various filesystem types on Uw7?
(Answer) What's the maximum filesystem size?
(Answer) What's the maximum file size?
(Answer) What's the logical block size?
(Answer) Is there still that 64k inode limit by default?
(Answer) How do I mount the filesystem on a disk, disc, or diskette?
(Answer) Why would mounting fail?
(Answer) Why would unmounting fail?
(Answer) How do I list the disk geometry like Cylinders, Heads,
Bytes/Sector?
(Answer) How do I list my partition and slice layout? Is there a
divvy?
(Answer) How do I convert sectors to MB?
(Answer) How do I add a 2nd or 3rd disk drive to my system?
(Answer) How do I partition a hard drive?
(Answer) How do I create a slice in a partition?
(Answer) How do I create a filesystem in a slice?
(Answer) How do I use quotas on a vxfs filesystem in Uw7?
(Answer) How do I fsck the root filesystem?
(Answer) How do enable Large File Support (for file sizes up to 1TB)?
(Answer) Why aren't my new scsi devices recognized after I install
them?
(Answer) Why isn't my Yamaha 4416S recognized after I install it?
(Answer) How do I institute ACL's on a Uw7 system?
(Answer) How do I superformat a diskette in Uw7?
(Answer) Why doesn't my tape drive work with cpio, tar, and ArcServe?
(Answer) How do I add additional swap space?
[Add a New Answer in "Media/Device Information"]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's a partition?
A disk can be subdivided into one to four continuous sections called
partitions. In reality, Unixware7 likes to use only one Unix partition
per disk, but the others can be raw for database use. Inside a
partition are slices (or just raw space as I mentioned).
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's a slice?
A slice is a subdivision of a partition. There can be from zero to 184
slices in a partition. Inside a slice is a filesystem.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's an inode?
An inode is also a data structure that holds the important information
about a file that we see when we do an ls -l, like:
Mode -- (filetype / permissions)
Link count -- the number of hard links to a file
The owner's UID
The file's GID
The size in bytes
The atime, mtime, ctime -- file modification times
The addresses of the data blocks that hold the file.
In some cases there are no data block addresses and only major and
minor numbers as is the case with device files in /dev.
For each and every file there exists at least one inode.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What are the disk names like c0b0t0d0s0 ?
The hard disks are named in the /dev/dsk or /dev/rdsk directories. The
hard disks are always named starting with c#b#t#d# then either an s#
or p# making either:
c#b#t#d#s#
c#b#t#d#p#
You can remember this as Can't Be That Difficult for c_b_t_d. Use the
s# designation when you're referring to a slice and the p# designation
when you are referring to a partition. You can use s0 to refer to the
entire hard drive (when using partsize for instance). The s#, number
part, is in HEX ! Be sure to use hex when referring to slices higher
than 9, as in c0b0t0d0sc for the 12th slice (12 = c).
The c, b, t, and d stand for:
c# is the controller number (like c0 or c1 for each HBA card or IDE).
b# is the bus number of the HBA. This is usually 0, as in b0.
t# is the scsi id (or scsi target id) of the device you are naming.
d# is the lun number (also usually 0 as in d0).
On a small system without raid and only one Adaptec scsi HBA, the c,
b, and d, don't change, and you use the different scsi id's (t#) to
refer to each different drive, as in:
c0b0t0d0s0
c0b0t1d0s0
c0b0t3d0s0
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What is the device name of the diskette drive?
The first 1.44 floppy drive is usually referenced as
/dev/dsk/f03ht <--- These two are
/dev/fd0 <--- for filesystem use
/dev/rdsk/f03ht <--- These two are for
/dev/rfd0 <--- formatting, cpio, and tar
Diskettes are referenced by device files in
/dev/dsk/* <-- Block devices (diskettes with filesystems)
/dev/rdsk/* <-- Raw devices (diskettes made with tar or cpio)
/dev/dsk/f03ht <-- First 1.44 MB block diskette
/dev/dsk/f13ht <-- Second 1.44 MB block diskette
/dev/rdsk/f03ht <-- First 1.44 MB raw diskette
/dev/rdsk/f13ht <-- Second 1.44 MB raw diskette
/dev/dsk/f05ht <-- First 1.2 MB block diskette
/dev/rdsk/f05ht <-- First 1.2 MB raw diskette
/dev/rdsk/f15ht <-- Second 1.2 MB raw diskette
The specific device file to use depends on the density and size of the
diskette and drive. The device file name consists of:
f0 or f1 <-- The first or second drive respectively
3h <-- 3.5" high density (1.44 MB)
5h <-- 5.25" high density (1.2 MB)
t <-- The t specifies the entire disk
There are other diskette device identifiers like 3e, 3d, 5d, which can
be found in the man pages.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I write files to a diskette and list them?
The process is to format the floppy, create a vxfs filesystem on it,
mount the floppy, copy the files to the mount directory, then ls that
directory.
Another method is to format the floppy, then use tar to write the
files to the floppy. Use tar again to list the files. A disadvantage
of tar is that you can't use wildcards (*) when extracting files. Tar
on Uw7 can back up empty directories, unlike that in OS5.
A very good method of writing files to diskettes is to format the
floppy, then use cpio.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I format a 1.44 MB floppy?
Use the format command on the raw diskette, in this case:
format -V /dev/rdsk/f03ht <-- First 1.44 MB floppy and verify.
or use the following for an exhaustive verify:
format -E /dev/rdsk/f03ht <-- I use this for assurance, because
it write verifies every sector.
Unfortunately it take a few minutes.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I create a filesystem on a floppy?
First format the floppy with an exhaustive verify, as this is the only
sure fire way to root out bad sectors. Then use the 'mkfs' command:
mkfs -F vxfs /dev/fd0 2880
which will create a vxfs filesystem on the first floppy drive with a
size of 2880 512-byte blocks (1.44 MB).
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I mount a floppy and view the contents?
Mount the floppy with the 'mount' command, then list the contents
using the 'ls' command:
mount -F vxfs /dev/fd0 /mnt
ls -l /mnt
If the floppy doesn't have a filesystem on it, or the mount point
directory doesn't exist, then the mount will fail.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I access the disc in my cd-rom drive?
The disc has a filesystem on it, which is called a 'cdfs' filesystem
in Uw7, and it needs to be mounted to be accessed:
mount -r -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdrom1 /mnt
where;
mount <-- The command needs to be run by by a privileged user.
-r <-- Specifies read only.
-F cdfs <-- Describes the filesystem type as 'cdfs'
/dev/... <-- Specifies the first cdrom drive (a block device).
/mnt <-- The directory to which the disc is mounted.
It must exist before running the 'mount' command.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What might a guru type when mounting a disc?
One can use the '-o option_args' argument to the mount command to do
useful things like disallowing SUID, setting r-xr--r--, and converting
caps to lower-case, as in:
mount -r -F cdfs -o nosuid,dperm=544,nameconv=l /dev/cdrom/cdrom1 /mnt
One would probably alias that command in their .profile so as to make
it easily available to ksh, or bash, as in:
alias mcd1=" ... "
where the '...' should be replace by the whole command seven lines above.
From the mount(1M) page,
'The CDROM media may or may not have values set for items such as
the User ID (UID), Group ID (GID), permissions, etc. If a value
is not recorded on the CDROM, a default value is assigned by the
software. The default value is either taken from the
/etc/conf/pack.d/cdfs/space.c file, or from the value specified
with the -o option of the mount command.'
'mkisofs,' part of the cdrecord tools on the OLSS, properly writes the
permissions when creating the ISO image.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Can I burn a cdr in UnixWare 7.1.0?
The 'cdtools' package of software enables you to burn both cdr's and
cdrw's. The latest version can be found at
http://www.sco.com/skunkware.
When you have pkgadded it, there is a good sco_notes.txt file I
recall, and contains the method to burn a cd that the following is
based upon:
1) as root, create the file /etc/default/cdrecord as follows:
----------------------begin
/etc/default/cdrecord--------------------------
#--------------------------------------------------------------
# Default values for device, speed, and FIFO size
#--------------------------------------------------------------
CDR_DEVICE=/dev/rcdrom/cdrom1:1,0
CDR_SPEED=4
CDR_FIFOSIZE=8m
#--------------------------------------------------------------
# Identifier for Yamaha cdr400t
#--------------------------------------------------------------
cdr400=1,1,0 4 8m
-------------------------------------end
/etc/default/cdrecord-------------
2) Copy all the files that you want to a temporary directory
called /home/tmp/cdi and arrange the files the way you want them
on the final cdr that you are going to burn.
3) Log in as root if you are not already.
4) # cd /home/tmp/cdi
5) mkisofs -L -l -v -r -V mydisc -o /home/tmp/out.img .
6) cdrecord -v -dummy dev=1,1,0 -data /home/tmp/out.img
7) cdrecord -v dev=1,1,0 -data /home/tmp/out.img
8) mount -r -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdrom1 /mnt
That worked well for me.
(1) sets up you defaults, if your cdr is the first cdrom, with scsi id
1, lun 0. Also the new default FIFO size is a hefty 8 MB, and mine
never got below 96% full. Record speed is set at 4x.
(2) is self-explanatory.
(3) cdrecord needs to run as root, or else you need to set up the SUID
and SGID and permissions stuff == hassle.
(4) Change to the correct directory.
(5) It is necessary to make an ISO filesystem image (cdfs) of all your
files, and the flags are important, and so is the '.' which is just
like the relative pathname notation in cpio. I got the args from the
SCO_NOTES.html file included in the archive. The -V mydisc is what
labels the cdrom "mydisc".
(6) Then test it with -dummy. Notice the -data forces the system to
write in Yellow-Book 2048 byte sector format.
(7) Burn the cd now.
(8) I'd eject, then insert and mount the cd.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What is the tape drive called?
The tape drive device files are in /dev/rmt/*
ctape1 For rewinding, non retensioning
ntape1 For non rewinding, non retensioning
rtape1 For rewinding, retensioning
nrtape1 For non rewinding, retensioning
utape1 For unloading the tape after the operation.
Substitute a 2 if you are using the second tape drive. Usually we find
ourselves using /dev/rmt/ctape1 for common cpio and tar tasks.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What is a good tape drive to use with Uw7?
Any scsi tape drive should be functional, with some devices offering
newer options like fast positioning to index marks, etc. Hewlett
Packard DAT drives used to be well liked, but now many people in the
ng's are recommending Sony drives, as they offer greatly increased
backup speeds due to simultaneous write and verify.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What are some of the tape commands I want to know?
The tapecntl command is used to manipulate the tape device directly.
Some commands will not work on all tape drives as each tape drive
supports slightly different subsets of all the potential scsi tape
commands. Common tapecntl commands are:
tapecntl -r - Reset the tape drive
tapecntl -w - Rewind the tape.
tapecntl -u - Eject the tape.
tapecntl -C - List the hardware compression setting
tapecntl -c 3 - Enable all hardware compression
tapecntl -c 0 - Disable all hardware compression
tapecntl -v - Set the drive to read/write in variable block lengths
tapecntl -f 512 - Set the drive back to r/w in 512 byte block lengths!
The default tape i/o block length for r/w is fixed at 512 bytes. The
default tape device that all the above commands refer to is ntape1. To
use one of these commands like reset, I would type:
tapecntl -r /dev/rmt/ntape1
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What are the various filesystem types on Uw7?
Uw7 is based around the Vxfs filesystem. It also supports:
dosfs - For DOS.
cdfs - For cdrom's, both Rockridge and High Sierra/ISO9660
bfs - For the boot file system
nfs - As in Sun's NFS.
nucfs - Netware for Unix
s5 - An OpenServer flavor.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's the maximum filesystem size?
The maximum vxfs filesystem size is 1 TB.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's the maximum file size?
The maximum vxfs file size is 1 TB.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
What's the logical block size?
The logical block size is set when one creates the filesystem and is
the size of a data block chunk of data. It can be set at 1024, 2048,
4096, or 8192 bytes. The default is 1024. This logical block size is
not what we usually think of as a block, which we say is 512 bytes,
historically.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Is there still that 64k inode limit by default?
There is no 64K inode limit on a vxfs filesystem by default, beginning
with Uw7.1.0.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I mount the filesystem on a disk, disc, or diskette?
A filesystem must be mounted before it can be used. Here are the
commands that one can use to mount various media:
Diskette: mount -F vxfs /dev/dsk/f03ht /mnt
Disc: mount -r -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdrom1 /mnt
Disk: mount -F vxfs /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s4 /home
The examples refer to the first floppy drive, first cdrom, and to
mounting the Home filesystem.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Why would mounting fail?
An attempt to mount a filesystem will fail if the directory to which
you are mounting does not exist, or if that directory contains files
that are in use, or if you refer to the filesystem as the wrong type.
Only a privileged user can use the mount command.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Why would unmounting fail?
A filesystem will not unmount if someone is using the filesystem,
which includes having cd'd into the filesystem and leaving that
terminal in that directory, and when a user is using a file as in vi.
Only a privileged user can use the mount command.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I list the disk geometry like Cylinders, Heads, Bytes/Sector?
The disk geometry is very important to understand so that one can
successfully partition and slice their hard drives. The disk geometry
is different with each system, and can be changed with a setting in
your scsi host adapter Bois called "Enable BIOS translation for DOS
drives over 1GB."
To list your geometry, type either command:
partsize -d /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
prtvtoc -p /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
where you will need to use the correct target id, etc., and be sure
that you specify s0 as the slice so that you refer to the entire
partition.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I list my partition and slice layout? Is there a divvy?
For partitions, use fdisk. For slices use prtvtoc. There may be a
nifty program like divvy in the future, but, for now, use the
following command to list the slice layout to a file in /tmp:
prtvtoc -f /tmp/mytoc
If you do a cat /tmp/mytoc, you will see something like the following,
where;
SLICE is the slice number in decimal,
TAG designates whether it is a root, boot, swap, home, or .... slice
FLAG field defines whether the slice is valid, read-only, and/or
unmountable (that field is similar to the permissions field 644
or 755 in that it contains numbers that are added
START and SIZE fields refer to the sector that the slice begins
on and the number of sectors that the slice occupies,
respectively.
#SLICE TAG FLAGS START SIZE
0 0x5 0x201 63 16305912
1 0x2 0x200 1076355 6152895
2 0x3 0x201 642600 433755
3 0x0 0x0 0 0
4 0xb 0x200 7229250 8787555
5 0x0 0x0 0 0
6 0xc 0x201 64260 578340
7 0x1 0x201 63 34
8 0xd 0x201 97 15968
9 0x0 0x0 0 0
10 0x9 0x200 16065 48195
11 0x0 0x0 0 0
12 0x0 0x0 0 0
13 0x0 0x0 0 0
14 0x0 0x0 0 0
15 0xf 0x201 16016805 16065
An important slice to look at is slice 4, the home slice, because you
will use it as a perfect template for creating your own slices, when
you need to. The 0xb and 0x200 are what I'm referring to.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I convert sectors to MB?
First you need to do a 'partsize' on the hard drive you are interested
in, so that you can determine the bytes/sector. On my IBM hard drive,
1 sector = 512 Bytes. You can multiply this by 1, twice, as in:
1 sect. 1024 Bytes 1024 KB
--------- x ---------- x --------- = 2048 sect./ MB
512 Bytes 1 KB 1 MB
Using the beauty of cross-multiplication, we can see that Bytes
cancels Bytes, KB cancels KB, and we are left with sectors/MB. So on
my system, to convert sectors to MB, I would divide the number of
sectors by 2048 sect./MB.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I add a 2nd or 3rd disk drive to my system?
It is fairly straightforward to add another drive to a UnixWare
system, thanks to the command 'diskadd.' You don't need to do anything
to the system before you install the drive. After you've shutdown,
installed the drive with the correct termination, and jumpered it for
the correct scsi id and auto-spinup, you can restore power and run
your HBA BIOS setup program to match your HBA to your drive
capabilities (on an Adaptec scsi HBA like a 2940UW, you would press
CTRL-A during POST). Then boot into multiuser mode, login as root, and
run:
diskadd c0b0t1d0
The diskadd program will take you through:
fdisk -- Is invoked to allow you to create a partition
disksetup -- Is run which helps you to do the following:
* Surface Analysis
* Create the VTOC (Volume Table of Contents)
* Write the bad track and bad sector table to the drive
* Create the layout of slices on the new drive (up to 13 of them)
* Use mkfs to make filesystems
* Creates the lost+found directories automatically in any filesystem.
* Creates the mount point directories.
* Mounts the filesystems.
* Updates the vfstab file.
The 'disksetup' program walks you through all the steps via a simple
series of questions. It is well written and works smoothly. You will
need to know how many MB you want each slice to be, and what they will
be called, and that's about it.
*********************
Some caveats:
1) UnixWare uses a slice representation like c0b0t0d0xx
for almost everything that needs a drive named.
2) That naming has no partition information in it !!
So you can't specify what partition you mean when you type
c0b0t0d0s4 to refer to a slice.
3) The only way for UnixWare to know what partition contains
slice 4, is for it to mark that partition active.
4) Thus you can only use one partition on an additional hard
drive, and that one partition needs to be active for the
system to know where to go.
5) In that one partition, you can have 184 slices. Diskadd only helps
you create up to 13. Any additional slices need to be hand created.
On the 2nd drive with scsi id=1, the slices would be 1 through 184:
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0s1
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0s2
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0s3
...
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0sb6
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0sb7
/dev/rdsk/c0b0t1d0sb8 <-- Slice #'s are in hex, b8 = 184.
6) The situation where you would have more than one partition on another
drive is where you need a raw partition for Database storage.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I partition a hard drive?
It is not very common to partition a hard drive with UnixWare, because
of the caveats listed in (3.29). If you find yourself needing to add a
partition for some raw space, go ahead and use 'fdisk.' Reboot and
remake your emergency boot and root disks.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I create a slice in a partition?
People add a slice if they want to make another filesystem or add
additional swap space. Most slices were created the easy way, during
ISL or when you added a drive and ran diskadd. If you need more than
13 slices or you just postponed adding them until later, you'll want
to do the following:
1) Choose a drive with an active UW partition with free space in it.
2) Print the VTOC to a temp file called mytoc.
3) Look at mytoc and determine what slice number to use.
4) Determine from mytoc where to start your new slice.
5) Determine using math how many sectors to use... The Magic Multiplier.
6) Edit and save mytoc with the new slice #, TAG, FLAG, Start, and Size.
7) Impress mytoc onto the system as the new VTOC.
8) Reboot if you changed the root disk drive.
After that is done, the slice is ready for a filesystem and mounting.
Here is an in-depth example of the above procedure:
1) I'll choose the partition that is on my first hard drive
because it has some free space on it and it has an easy to
follow example slice (/home). That means scsi id 0.
2) prtvtoc -f /tmp/mytoc /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
3) less /tmp/mytoc
The output is shown below. Slice 5 is empty. I'll use 5.
#SLICE TAG FLAGS START SIZE
0 0x5 0x201 63 16305912
1 0x2 0x200 1076355 6152895
2 0x3 0x201 642600 433755
3 0x0 0x0 0 0
4 0xb 0x200 7229250 8787555
5 0x0 0x0 0 0
6 0xc 0x201 64260 578340
7 0x1 0x201 63 34
8 0xd 0x201 97 15968
9 0x0 0x0 0 0
10 0x9 0x200 16065 48195
11 0x0 0x0 0 0
12 0x0 0x0 0 0
13 0x0 0x0 0 0
14 0x0 0x0 0 0
15 0xf 0x201 16016805 16065
4) To determine where to start, you need to look and see where
the last slice ends because the unallocated space begins at
then end of the last slice. A cylinder begins at the end of
the last slice. From the above output, I can see
slice 0, the whole partition, starts at 63 and is 16305912 sectors
long. It is important to realize that:
(start sector) + (number of sectors) = (beginning sector
of empty space).
For example, a hypothetical slice that starts at sector 0
and is 10 sectors long. Then:
( 0 ) + ( 10 ) = 10
which means that the slice takes up sectors 0-9, and sector 10
is where the free space starts.
Back to the real chart, we see: (63) + (16305912) = (16305975)
which tells me that the drive ends on 16305975. Now I look for
the last slice which is the slice with the highest start number,
15 in this case. Below is a listing of slice 15 again:
#SLICE TAG FLAGS START SIZE
15 0xf 0x201 16016805 16065
I want to start at the beginning of the unallocated space.
The formula says:
16016805 + 16065 = 16032870
So the answer to this section is: The START sector = 16032870.
5) How many sectors to use.... The Magic Multiplier.
I've determined where to start the slice in part (4), and
that sector is on a cylinder boundary. I also want it to
end on a cylinder boundary. So I need to determine about
how many sectors I have to play with, and then calculate
how many I need to make my slice end on a cylinder boundary.
I do a quick partsize as described in question (3.25):
#TYPE HEADS CYLS SECS SECSZ
4 255 1115 63 512
So now I am armed with the data that a track is 63 sectors around,
and a cylinder is 255 tracks high. That's 255 tracks that are 63
sectors around or (255 x 63)=16065 sectors.
That's the Magic Multiplier...: 16065.
There are 16065 sectors in a cylinder.
The sector size of my new slice needs to be a multiple of 16065.
Every START listed in the table is an even multiple of 16065.
By using the Magic Multiplier this way, we assure ourselves that
our slices start at the beginning of a cylinder and end at the
end of a cylinder.
In this example, I subtract to get the amount of space available:
16305975 Partition ends on this sector.
- 16032870 New slice starts on this sect.
-------------
= 273105 I have this much unalloc'd space to play with.
Doing a little multiplying I see that, if I try a few multiples of
the Magic Multiplier:
14 x 16065 = 224910
15 x 16065 = 240975
I'll choose the larger one. The answer is: SECZ = 240975
6) The TAG and FLAG to use are the same ones that /home uses.
Step (3) says the slice number is 5.
Step (4) says the START is 16032870.
Step (5) says the SECSZ is 240975.
The edited file looks like this:
/tmp/mytoc
+---------------------------------------------
|#SLICE TAG FLAGS START SIZE
| 0 0x5 0x201 63 16305912
| 1 0x2 0x200 1076355 6152895
| 2 0x3 0x201 642600 433755
| 3 0x0 0x0 0 0
| 4 0xb 0x200 7229250 8787555
| 5 0xb 0x200 16032870 240975
| 6 0xc 0x201 64260 578340
| 7 0x1 0x201 63 34
| 8 0xd 0x201 97 15968
| 9 0x0 0x0 0 0
|10 0x9 0x200 16065 48195
|11 0x0 0x0 0 0
|12 0x0 0x0 0 0
|13 0x0 0x0 0 0
|14 0x0 0x0 0 0
|15 0xf 0x201 16016805 16065
|
7) Now impress this on the drive with 'edvtoc' as in:
edvtoc -f /tmp/mytoc /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
We are done. Slice #5 is created as.... /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s5.
No need to reboot because this was the second drive.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I create a filesystem in a slice?
Now that we have a slice, we need a filesystem on it. To do this we'll
use the 'mkfs' command twice: once to list the mkfs command used to
create /home and once to create a vxfs filesystem on the new slice.
1) mkfs -m /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s4 > /tmp/doit
This command is used to list the mkfs command that was used to
create /home. We'll use this because it is almost identical to
the command that we need to make our vxfs filesystem. This
is the output of the command:
mkfs -F vxfs -o ninode=unlimited,bsize=1024,version=4, \
inosize=256,logsize=1024,nolargefiles /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s4 8787554
where I have used a \ to denote that the mkfs command was one long
line. Now vi doit and change it to specify our new slice, then
execute it as follows.
2) vi /tmp/doit as follows to add a vxfs filesystem to slice 5
that we created in Question (3.30):
/tmp/doit
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
| mkfs -F vxfs -o ninode=unlimited,bsize=1024,version=4,inosize=256, \
| logsize=1024,nolargefiles /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s5 272790
|
In this file I changed the last two "words." Save the file.
3) Use you new doit file to create the filesystem:
# sh /tmp/doit
Now there is a filesystem on our new slice. To complete the whole
process, we want to create a mount point directory like /home2, and
then go into scoadmin filesystem to let the system know about the
mount configuration and to let it update /etc/vfstab so that we can
simply type: mount /home2 instead of the whole c0b0t0d0s5 stuff,
anytime we want to mount it.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I use quotas on a vxfs filesystem in Uw7?
Quotas allow you to set limits on how much space users can fill on you
vxfs filesystems. These limits can be hard or soft, and they can limit
the user to a number of bytes or to a number of files.
Here is a cookbook method to create a quota on the /home filesystem so
that yurtle is limited to 20MB and/or 1000 files in her home directory
/home/yurtle:
A. Log in as root
B. touch /home/quotas <-- only if the file doesn't exist.
C. edquota -F vxfs yurtle
In this file you will change the line so that it says:
blocks soft=18000 hard=20000, inodes soft=900 hard=1000
D. quotaon -F vxfs -v /home
To see a report of the quota usage on a filesystem type the following:
repquota -F vxfs /home
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I fsck the root filesystem?
You can't fsck the root filesystem manually. Don't believe anyone that
tells you otherwise. The root filesystem knows when it should be
fsck'd and will do it on its own at boot time if and only if it needs
it.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do enable Large File Support (for file sizes up to 1TB)?
To enable large file support on a filesystem you must:
A. Create a filesystem with the mkfs command and list largefile
support as one the options.
B. Use the fsadm command on a filesystem that already exists,
fsadm -o largefiles /data <--- /data is a mounted FS.
C. Set the ulimit to unlimited as in:
ulimit -f unlimited
which can also be done permanently by setting the SFSZLIM and HFZSLIM
to 0x7FFFFFFF with scoadmin system tuner in the Process Limit
Parameters section and relinking.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Why aren't my new scsi devices recognized after I install them?
Scsi devices that are added to the system, when the power is off, will
be recognized during POST by your scsi hba. Be sure to enter the hba
config program so that your hba settings match your device's
capabilities. Then you can boot to single user mode (only for the sake
of speed) and run the command sdiconfig -l to get a listing of your
devices which looks similar to:
sdiconfig -l
0:0,7,0: HBA : (adsb,1) Adaptec PCI SCSI
0,0,0: DISK : IBM DRVS09V 0140
0,1,0: DISK : IBM DDRS-34560D DC1B
0,2,0: TAPE : HP HP35480A T603
0,3,0: CDROM : PLEXTOR CD-ROM PX-40TS 1.00
If all of your devices are not listed, but were found by the hba
during POST, then you may need to check scsi id's and termination. Be
sure that you have inserted the cable with Pin 1 matching the red
stripe on the cable, and try to use the best cables you can.
After pulling on cables and bending them, they can fail. Also, be sure
you hba BIOS is the most recent version.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Why isn't my Yamaha 4416S recognized after I install it?
The Yamaha 4416S cd-writer/rewriter, known as the 4x4x16, doesn't like
to run at scsi ID 5 or 6. For that matter, it doesn't like 7 either.
I've had devices mysteriously vanish and reappear all over the 68 and
50-pin chains when the 4416 is at id 5 or 6. Try switching to id 3 or
something. Also, be sure you hba BIOS is the most recent version.
There is good thread on Usenet about the 4416s being intermittently
detected.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I institute ACL's on a Uw7 system?
ACL's can be created, deleted, or modified by root or by the owner of
a file. Use various forms of the commands:
getacl
setacl
Below is an ACL example:
* We'll be adding 'r--' permissions on a file
for two entities, the group 'grart' and the user 'sysop':
* We'll add these permissions because the file is called
/home/data/T/logo which looks like:
-rw-rw---- 1 yurtle turtles Oct 20 22:00 logo
drwxrwx--- 2 root turtles Oct 22 21:20 T
and from the permission we can see that sysop and the grart members
don't have permissions to read Yurtle's attempt at designing a logo.
* Here are the before and after ACL's, then we'll discuss how to do it:
Before ACL After ACL
----------------- -----------------------
# file: logo # file: logo
# owner: yurtle # owner: yurtle
# group: turtles # group: turtles
user::rw- user::rw-
group::rw- user:sysop:r--
class:rw- group::rw-
other:--- group:grart:r--
class:rw-
other:---
* As root or Yurtle, cd into /home/data/T/
* You can list the ACL with getacl logo
* You set the ACL with setacl -m u:sysop:r-- logo
setacl -m g:grart:r-- logo
Let's say that you get tired of adding r-- permissions for sysop to
all the files in T, and you want to set a default ACL entry on that
directory. Here's how to add that default ACL entry:
* As root, cd in /home/data
* Set the ACL on the directory: setacl -m d:u:sysop:r-- T
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I superformat a diskette in Uw7?
The standard way to format a floppy is to use 80 tracks and 18 sectors
per track, but for DOS format diskettes, Microsoft reserved part of
the diskette for undelete information, and this space can be used for
you data. You can increase the size of your DOS diskette from 1440K to
1680K. This is done in Linux with the
superformat /dev/fd0 sect=21 cyl=80
There is currently no way to superformat a DOS disk in Uw7.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
Why doesn't my tape drive work with cpio, tar, and ArcServe?
ArcServe has a quirk where is takes over exclusive control of the tape
drive when it is installed. Other commands like cpio and tar will not
work with your tape drive until you type, as root,
astop
This stops the ArcServe daemon and returns tape control to the system.
When you are finished using the tape, go ahead and type astart to
return control to ArcServe. On a side note, most people prefer a
'super-tar' program from a third party vendor for their backup needs.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Media/Device
Information :
How do I add additional swap space?
There are two ways to add some swap space to your computer:
1) add another swap slice, the same size, on a different drive.
2) or add a file and dedicate it to swap.
The latter idea is mediocre at best, and the following example will
describe adding a swap slice. Issues to note are that the kernel will
distribute it's usage of multiple swaps that are the same size on
different drives in a stripe format, not sequentially filling them.
That is why we want identical sized swap slices on different drives,
so as not to defeat the intelligent usage of it. Also, adding a slice
is discussed earlier in this Section. Here we go:
Given a Uw710 system with two scsi hard drives on the same controller,
labeled with id 0, and id 12. Both drives have one Uw7 partition that
is active. I know that disk2 slice 180 is free, so I'll use that:
1) Determine the exact size and specifications of the swap
slice on disk1 that we will duplicate on disk2.
prtvtoc -p /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
prtvtoc -f /tmp/mytoc /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
cat /tmp/mytoc | grep 0x3
I know that the TAG for a swap slice is 0x3. So I can grep
/tmp/mytoc for that TAG which shows, with my added fields, that:
SLICE TAG FLAG START SECSZ
2 0x3 0x201 642600 433755
I can see that I am trying to make a swap slice that is 433755 sectors.
From the prtvtoc -p I see that disk1 has 1115C, 255H, 63S/T, 512B/S.
A bit of math tells me that the Magic Number for a disk1 cylinder is
Mn1 = 16065 sectors. Now (433755 / 16065) = 27 cylinders. And I can
calculate that (433755 * 512) = 222082560 bytes. So from all this
I gather my requirements:
A) My new swap slice SLICE = 180.
B) My new swap slice TAG = 0x3
C) My new swap slice FLAG = 0x201
D) My new swap slice START is yet to be determined.
E) My new swap slice SECSZ would like to be = 433755
F) My new swap slice cylinders would like to be = 27.
2) Now I need to take a close look at my second disk and see if I can
create that layout. The big issue I will face is my disk geometries
may be different. Here is a head to head summary of the output
of the following commands:
prtvtoc -p /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
prtvtoc -p /dev/rdsk/c0b0t12d0s0
Cyl Heads Sec/Trk Bytes/Sec Magic Number
1115 255 63 512 16065
8748 64 32 512 2048
Different Magic Numbers (sector size of a cylinder) mean that
two slices that are 27 cylinders big will not be the same number
of bytes large. I can't make them both the same number of bytes
if the second swap slice is to end on a cylinder boundary.
I will get around this by ignoring the cylinder boundary rule
and only making them both the exact same number of sectors, 433755.
3) Now I'll create the second swap slice. This involves the procedure
outlined in Section (3.30) above. Follow that with the (A) - (E)
values listed in this question.
To summarize,
1. prtvtoc -f /tmp/swaptoc /dev/rdsk/c0b0t12d0s0
2. vi /tmp/swaptoc.
3. I see that I can start on START = 821248.
4. Add in slice 180 at the bottom of swaptoc as in A, B, C, 3, and E.
5. Save /tmp/swaptoc and exit vi.
6. edvtoc -f /tmp/swaptoc /dev/rdsk/c0b0t12d0s0
4) The second swap slice is created and now I add it to the list of
devices that swap uses, by adding the block device to the
/etc/swaptab file. I used slice 180 on drive 2, and that looks like:
Raw device /dev/rdsk/c0b0t12d0sb4
Block Device /dev/dsk/c0b0t12d0sb4
so /etc/swaptab looks like:
+----------------------------------------------------------------
| #swapname offset(in blocks) size(in blocks)
| /dev/swap 0 -
| /dev/dsk/c0b0t12d0sb4 0 -
|
5) Reboot. Here I thought I was done without a reboot if I just entered
swap -c to load the /etc/swaptab file, but I got a Device not found
error. Low and behold, the raw and block devices for the second
disk slice 180 were not created after I did the edvtoc. My first
instinct was to make the device nodes by hand with mknod, so I did....
mknod /dev/rdsk/c0b0t12d0sb4 c 7679 436
mknod /dev/dsk/c0b0t12d0sb4 b 7679 436
Wrong again! The devices were made fine, but swap -c still said
Device not found. A bit more reading of man vtoc told me that
the device nodes for slices 1-15 are created, but 16-183 are not,
unless the slice exists. This is all done at boot time, so I
concluded I needed a reboot :-/. I rm'd the two device nodes I
had created, rebooted, and everything worked perfectly.
swap -l lists the new swap
path dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/swap 7679,2 0 433752 433752
/dev/dsk/c0b0t12d0sb4 7679,436 0 433752 433752
Qed.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Networking
UnixWare 7 networking questions and answers.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) Do I need a nic in my Uw7 box?
(Answer) What is a good brand of nic to use in Uw7?
(Answer) How do I list my IP and MAC addresses for all configured
nics?
(Answer) How do I list my routing table?
(Answer) How do I add a default route? Is it permanent?
(Answer) What is a Virtual Domain?
(Answer) How do I add an IP alias in Uw7?
(Answer) Suddenly the network is slow, why?
(Answer) Is there a firewall program for Uw7?
(Answer) What is a TCP Wrapper?
(Answer) What is a Packet Filter?
(Answer) Why can't root ftp into Uw7?
(Answer) What are the idiosyncrasies with the DNS Server Manager?
(Answer) Why does logging into the CDE freeze for minutes, then
restart?
(Answer) What are network services?
(Answer) What network services, that run by default, don't I need?
(Answer) Why can't I see computers on another subnet with Visionfs?
(Answer) Can I synchronize my computers clocks accurately with the
correct time?
(Answer) How do I use ntpdate?
(Answer) How do I use xntpd?
(Answer) Where is my domain name stored in the root filesystem?
(Answer) Is DHCP possible with Uw7?
(Answer) What are good IP addresses to use for my private LAN?
(Answer) New IteHow do I setup Uw7 as a router for two subnets?
(Answer) What is a good modem for Uw7?
(Answer) How do I set up an outgoing PPP connection?
(Answer) How do I set up an incoming PPP connection?
(Answer) How do I set up bidirectional PPP?
(Answer) I want to disable a particular daemon, how is this done?
(Answer) How do I apply changes made to /etc/inet/inetd.conf?
(Answer) How do I boot an ftp user who is logged in?
(Answer) How do I catch someone trying to port scan my Uw7 host?
(Answer) What web servers are running or not on Uw7 after ISL?
(Answer) Why can't I access the Webtop, my Netscape server, or
Netscape Admin?
(Answer) How do I configure remote Netscape administration?
(Answer) What is the login:pass for Netscape Admin? I can't log in.
(Answer) What do I need to watch out for with ns-admin.conf?
(Answer) How do I do NAT or DNAT or IP Masquerading on Uw7?
[Add a New Answer in "Networking "]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Do I need a nic in my Uw7 box?
From postings in the c.u.u.m newsgroup and some personal experience,
it occurs to me that Uw7 expects to be on a network. It is very
probable that a system without a network card will function
erratically.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is a good brand of nic to use in Uw7?
Any brand of NIC that has been tested and certified by SCO will be
listed on the Compatible Hardware Page, whose url is:
http://www.sco.com/chwp/
Only use hardware that is listed by SCO as compatible hardware! People
are not always successful who focus on a supported chipset, rather
than a supported nic from a brand name vendor.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I list my IP and MAC addresses for all configured nics?
Use the 'ifconfig -a' command to see a good deal about net0, net1,
etc. You can also find the Media Access Control (MAC) address with:
ndstat
arp -a
cat /etc/inet/macaddr
It is useful to poke around with ndstat to understand how you can
modify your MAC address if you are doing fail-over tasks.
To get the MAC addresses of all the NICS on your subnet:
* You can enable replies to broadcast pings on all the hosts.
* You can then ping your subnet's broadcast address.
* All the nics will respond.
* Run an 'arp -a' and all the NICS + MAC's + IP's will be listed.
To use 'inconfig' to enable response to broadcast pings, you will want
to direct each host to reply to icmp activity:
inconfig arpt_keep 1200
inconfig icmp_reply_broadcast 1
This will make arp keep it's data in it's cache for 1200 sec, and
direct the nics to reply as described.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I list my routing table?
Use the 'netstat -rn' command to see the table using IP addresses.
Use the 'netstat -r' command to see the table use host and network
names.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I add a default route? Is it permanent?
Use the 'route' command again, for systems with standard netmasks like
255.0.0.0, or 255.255.0.0, or 255.255.255.0 as in:
route add default 10.1.1.254
If you have a more creative netmask, you will need to use more
arguments to your route command to specify that. The default route
will not stay around after a reboot. To make a route 'permanent' you
will need to 'add' it at every reboot. This is as simple as the route
add command above. Modify the line in your /etc/inet/config:
original config file
+-----------------------
|
| #4a:/usr/sbin/route::n::add default router_placeholder:
|
modified config file
+-----------------------
|
| 4a:/usr/sbin/route::y::add default 10.1.1.254:
|
After adding a default route, be sure that your /etc/resolv.conf
properly points to any new DNS.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is a Virtual Domain?
A Virtual Domain is created when you add an 2nd IP address to one nic.
You can configure your machine so that it provides email, FTP, and web
services for several different domains... just add more IP aliases.
Then configure the services to use with the virtual domain.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I add an IP alias in Uw7?
Use the 'ifconfig' command to add or remove an alias:
ifconfig net0 alias 10.1.1.100
ifconfig net0 -alias 10.1.1.100
You can test your new alias with the 'ping' command. If you have put
the alias on a different subnet than the real address of the nic, then
you will need to configure a route for one nic to talk to the other.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Suddenly the network is slow, why?
This is a common job interview question. There are many possibilities:
A) There is a runaway process hogging cpu slices... use ps -ef.
B) If the slow-down happens at the same time, look for machinery
being run nearby the network or server at that time.
C) Check netstat -i for ierrs or oerrs that are increasing.
D) Check other netstat outputs for suspicious results.
E) Is your filesystem out of free space?
F) Can you put a packet sniffer on the cable?
G) Who had access to the server, and what was recently changed?
H) Mismatched nics and hubs. Try to use all 3com, or Intel, etc.
I) A nic is getting confused trying to do auto-negotiation.
Boot to DOS and run the NIC's configuration utility to force
the nic to the proper speed (10Mbps or 100Mbps) and the
proper duplex (hubs use half, only switches and routers use full).
J) Start swapping cables and hardware with known functioning ones.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Is there a firewall program for Uw7?
There is no firewall application per se for Uw7. SCO training manuals
state the following:
'A firewall is not a simple switch that you select on or off.
Instead, it is a series of components that you can use to build
your security system, like adding bricks in a wall.'
'A properly configured Uw7 system can accomplish (being a firewall).
To achieve this, the system should be:
* Set up as the connection between networks
* Configured with security features such as TCP wrappers,
packet filters, and proxy servers.
* Running minimal services and have as few accounts as possible
to reduce the risk of penetration.'
People get defeated when attempting to use Uw7 as a firewall because
it can not do NAT (network address translation). Often people want to
setup a private LAN connected to the Internet via one registered IP
address. This needs NAT to do completely.
Proxy servers help, but are limited to doing web type transfers and
need proxy capable clients. NAT doesn't have these limitations.
If the LAN has all registered IP's, then this is a non-issue.
People enjoy using Linux for NAT/firewall. Other excellent
alternatives include the GnatBox (www.gnatbox.com) and the Linux
Router Project (www.linuxrouter.org). I use the LRP.
For an excellent firewall reference, please see the O'Reilly book,
_Building Internet Firewalls_. You may wish to create the following:
ISP -- LRP -- DMZ -- Cisco -- Internal Protected Network
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is a TCP Wrapper?
There are many services that run on Uw7 such as ftpd, and telnetd. TCP
wrappers are programs that 'wrap' around these services and only allow
permitted traffic to flow to them. The allowing and denial of access
is controlled by /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny. TCP wrappers
are enabled by default and set to allow all. They are enabled/disabled
in /etc/inet/inetd.conf.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is a Packet Filter?
A packet filter is a set of rules that control the delivery of packets
between the Network and Internet layers of the TCP protocol stack.
As such, packet filters can restrict which packets are allowed to
enter or exit through a nic.
Packet filters are not enabled by default, and can be created using
the Scoadmin Packet Filter Manager.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Why can't root ftp into Uw7?
Root is denied ftp access by default, as a security consideration. To
enable root to ftp, remove 'root' from the file /etc/ftpusers, and be
sure that root's login shell is not commented out in the file
/etc/shells.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What are the idiosyncrasies with the DNS Server Manager?
If you start it and exit it without creating any DNS servers, it will
still automatically create a 'caching only' nameserver.
It can't add a CNAME entry if you try to in the CDE.
It oddly creates extra CNAME entries in db.mynet.com.
It oddly creates extra IN RP {} {} entries in db.mynet.com.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Why does logging into the CDE freeze for minutes, then restart?
This is often the result of a misconfigured DNS or /etc/resolv.conf.
Be sure to have the proper nameservers listed, and check nslookup to
be sure you get the correct results returned from DNS. Try a bogus
name like 'bogus' at the nslookup prompt. If the command hangs, then
you have a problem with DNS. Your system can also hang if your default
route is down and your first nameserver listed in /etc/resolv.conf is
on the next subnet.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What are network services?
A Uw7 system runs many programs in the background that are designed to
respond to and communicate with a user's program. This is called the
server/client model. We refer to a server process as a service, which
waits for communication on one or more ports. People are familiar with
such services as ftp, and telnet. These are offered by the
corresponding processes ftpd, telnetd, and httpd on ports 21, 23, and
80. These services are mapped out in a text file called /etc/services.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What network services, that run by default, don't I need?
Many people do not need to run routed on their small LAN, especially
if they have their default route and other routes statically entered.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Why can't I see computers on another subnet with Visionfs?
Visionfs uses NetBIOS names for host to IP resolution, but NetBIOS
broadcasts don't cross routers. A solution is to edit:
/etc/lmhosts
c:\windows\lmhosts
c:\winnt\system32\drivers\etc\lmhosts
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Can I synchronize my computers clocks accurately with the correct
time?
There are extremely accurate time-keeping systems called atomic clocks
that keeps the world's time exact. You can access this exact time if
you have a link to your ISP up, by running the simple program
'ntpdate.' If you want to set up a more elaborate time synch system,
like a time server to synch all your workstations to, then use
'xntpd.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I use ntpdate?
Ntpdate is not a service but a one-shot program that uses the default
route (usually to your ISP) to communicate with the time servers you
specify. The atomic clocks are called Stratum 1 servers, and should
not be used. They communicate, in turn, with high powered and
reliable, computer time servers called Stratum 2 servers, which are
polled by many people who run Stratum 3 servers. We often poll Stratum
2 and 3 servers. Good time servers can be found at:
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/servers.html
An example 'ntpdate' command that I have aliased is:
ntpdate tock.cs.unlv.edu clock.psu.edu clock.tricity.wsu.edu ns.scruz.net
ntp.cox.smu.edu
which is typed all on one line. At least four time serves are used
which increases the accuracy of the time returned.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I use xntpd?
First some general concepts. Xntpd is running by default because an
(empty) ntp.conf exists. Xntpd is started from an entry in
/etc/inet/config. Xntpd which implements the Network Time Protocol
(NTP) is not trivial, and there is a newsgroup called
comp.protocols.time.ntp where this topic is discussed in detail.
The farther away in network hops a time server is from an atomic
clock, the less reliable it is. This reliability is called the
server's stratum.
Stratum 1 == Atomic clocks. Please don't use these.
Stratum 2 == Secondary servers.
Stratum 3 == Uw7 local clocks default to 3 but should be set to 10 !!!
Stratum 5 == A good level for your local ntp server.
Stratum 10 = The proper level for clients and their local clock.
For every 100 hosts on your intranet, you should configure one ntp
client to poll two stratum 2 servers (in case one is down). Then
configure all the other hosts to poll your freshly synchronized, local
time server.
To setup your Uw7 host as you xntpd local time server:
A) Determine which Secondary servers to poll from the list at
http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/servers.html
B) Add appropriate entries to /etc/inet/ntp.conf by using the
scoadmin Client Manager --> Add a Client --> NTP client.
Here there is a bug. You will need to tab and click around
on the different entries before the scoadmin tcl script will
allow your cursor into the IP address field. Now you can
enter the names of the two time servers you chose in step (A).
Then enter 127.127.1.1 which is your local clock (RTC) address.
Click ok and exit the Client Manager. Configuring like this
through the Client Manager is what enables the client side
of xntpd and the server side also.
C) Edit your new /etc/inet/ntp.conf file:
original /etc/inet/ntp.conf
+-----------------------------------------
| broadcastclient no
| server 128.xxx.xxx.97
| server 192.xxx.xxx.41
| server 127.127.1.0
| driftfile /etc/inet/ntp.drift
|
modified /etc/inet/ntp.conf
+-----------------------------------------
| broadcastclient no
| server 128.xxx.xxx.97
| server 192.xxx.xxx.41
| server 127.127.1.0
| fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 5
| driftfile /etc/inet/ntp.drift
|
You can see that the fudge line was added to set the stratum of the
local time server. Let's call that local time server ns1.local.com. To
configure the other 99 hosts on your network to use ns1, then you
would do the same A, B, C procedure above, but only use the
ns1.local.com and 127.127.1.0 addresses. Fudge the 99 hosts to stratum
10.
Observe the effects of xntpd in /var/adm/syslog. You'll want to be
sure that your default route is brought up in /etc/inet/config,
because then it is established before xntpd tries to use it.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Where is my domain name stored in the root filesystem?
You can search every local file for the domain name string using the
find command along with xargs for speed:
find / -type f | xargs fgrep -l "domain" > /tmp/p.out
Xargs is a command line program that groups a bunch of fgreps and
processes them all at once instead of one at a time.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Is DHCP possible with Uw7?
Uw7 has both dhcp client and server capabilities. I have not been able
to get dhcp to work with Windows 9x when ptf7401c, Sockets and
Streams, is applied. It works well without that ptf. In the c.u.s.m
ng, people are frowning upon using DHCP as it is an inelegant tool.
There are better ways to do things.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What are good IP addresses to use for my private LAN?
The following information is taken from rfc1597.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the
following three blocks of the IP address space for private networks:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
We need to use these IP addresses for our private LANs because traffic
from these addresses will not clash.
ger...@zenez.com
RFC 1597 has been obsoleted by RFC 1918. If you are unfamiliar with
this topic, you should read it as it documents the "Best Current
Practice", as determined by the gurus of the Internet.
The three address blocks mentioned above are classes A, B and C,
respectively. This means that the default netmasks for each set are
255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively.
If you use those netmasks, the first address block is one large
network containing over 16 million distinct addresses that can all
talk directly to each other without intervening routers. The second
block is 16 different networks, each with over 65,000 addresses. And
the third block is 255 different networks, each with 254 distinct
addresses.
It's common for large organizations (more than 200 hosts) to use the
10.x.x.x network and subnet it along sub-organization lines. Further
details are beyond the scope of a FAQ.
Home and small business networks often pick one of the class C blocks,
usually 192.168.1.
The 172.16 blocks are a helpful intermediate between the "lots of
small networks" flavor of 192.168.x.x and the "one huge, subnetted
network" of 10.x.x.x. We use the 172.16 address blocks at my company
because it makes assigning addresses easy. Permanent hosts are given
172.16.0.x addresses, two different hardware devices we manufacture
are given addresses beginning with 172.16.1.x and 172.16.2.x,
respectively, and temporary hosts are given 172.16.25.x addresses.
Thus we have no conflicts, and don't need to mess with subnetting and
routing.
tan...@cyberport.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
New IteHow do I setup Uw7 as a router for two subnets?
This is accomplished with two NIC's in the Uw7 host, configured with
IP addresses on the two subnets. The procedure looks like this:
A. Install the 2nd nic in the case.
B. Boot off a DOS disk and run the nic config utility
C. Give the 2nd card a good nodename like myhost1
D. Add the card with the right IP on the new subnet.
E. Click advanced to set ipsendredirects and ipforwarding.
Be sure to run each NIC's configuration utility which is usually a DOS
application in order to fix the card's irq and address if it is an ISA
card. You might want to fix the speed and duplex also.
Then with one card already configured as myhost.mydom.net, use
'netcfg' to configure the other card and enter its name as myhost1.
Enter the appropriate IP address and be sure to select Advanced
Options so that you can check the box Use As Router? Yes. That sets
ipforwarding and ipsendredirects (which you can see with 'inconfig').
After saving and exiting, the scoadmin manager will add entries in
your /etc/hosts and your DNS A record file db.mydom.net (if it
exists).
Then you should be able to go to the hosts on each subnet and add the
route to the other subnet.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is a good modem for Uw7?
An external modem is the way to go. Many people are happy with
Couriers, Sportsters, Zoom 56Ks, Multitech, etc...
Don't use an internal modem. It may work, but poorly.
Don't use an internal PCI modem. It will never work.
You may wish to apply ptf7423, the ttymon supplement, for your modem
to work with cu bidirectionally.
ger...@zenez.com, tan...@cyberport.com
In general I agree that external modems are the least trouble, but
that isn't the whole story.
Microsoft, as usual, is to blame for the current modem situation.
There are two problems. The first, Plug and Play, is simple to
explain: UnixWare doesn't support it, and almost all internal modems
require it.
The second problem is that in order to cut costs, many new modems
(often called "WinModems") offload some of the processing to the
computer's CPU by using a special driver. That saves hardware costs,
and with today's fast CPUs doesn't eat enough CPU power that the user
even notices the difference. The problem is that none of these drivers
have been written for anything other than Windows. The idea, after
all, is to cut costs, and porting drivers to every OS on the planet
definitely doesn't fit that goal.
All hope is not lost, however. If you can find a modem configured with
jumpers, it'll usually work just fine in UnixWare boxes. The main key
is to stick with well-known brands -- we've had good luck with
jumper-based USR Sportsters. By contrast, a cheap modem based on a
Rockwell chipset we tried recently worked okay for dial-out, but gave
us trouble when we tried to use it for dial-in.
(Rockwell is well known for making low-end modem chipsets. Avoid,
avoid, avoid.)
tan...@cyberport.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I set up an outgoing PPP connection?
This is most easily accomplished via the gui scoadmin managers. Given:
Zoom external on COM1 for a dialout PPP to my ISP.
My IP: Assigned at login
ISP IP: Assigned at login
ISP DNS: 206.xxx.yyy.12
ISP DNS: 206.www.zzz.12
I am going to start by installing the modem and configuring the serial
port it is connected to, then configuring the PPP link with the PPP
Connection Wizard....
1) Log in as root to the CDE and start the scoadmin Network Config
Manager. Select View --> WAN. If you had no modems installed,
your window will show no devices.
2) Select Hardware --> Add new WAN device --> Modem.
This starts the modem manager.
3) Select Modem --> Add --> Manual Configuration.
( I could have used Auto, because the Zoom 56K is detectable).
4) Select your modem manufacturer and model. I'll use
Zoom V.34X, because almost every Zoom script is identical,
and this as good as any. Select the term/00m port that is what
we call COM1. Then click the Configure Port... button, before
you click OK.
5) This button takes you into the Serial Configuration Manager.
Port Type = COM1 Modem
Configure Port = Outgoing Only
Speed = Auto
Then ok to exit. Then ok to exit again. Then Host --> Exit.
Back in the Network Configuration Manager, Go ahead and exit
it also,
6) Testing the Modem: Now work at a terminal prompt.
* Set the correct UID:GID on the serial port to uucp:uucp
chown uucp:uucp /dev/term/00m
* Directly connect to the modem with cu:
cu -l /dev/term/00m
You should enter the connection screen and see a message.
You may see an AT. Type AT and press Enter, and you will
see an OK or 0. If you don't, type ATE1 and Enter, and
then AT again. That E1 turn on echo, which you need to see
the data, but you don't need for PPP, that's why it's off.
Don't worry about about the state you leave it in.
* Test that link to see if you get a dial tone:
ATDT
You will hear it after typing that.
* Type ~. and Enter to disconnect.
If any of the modem aspects don't work, then you'll need to
troubleshoot your modem and phone line, which is beyond the scope
of this Faq. Fix that before you go on. The SCO doc's contain
good modem troubleshooting help.
7) Now with a working modem, restart the Scoadmin Network
Configuration Manager again to build the PPP link. Choose
View --> WAN and then select Software --> Configure PPP...
Then choose View --> Bundles screen. Then Wizard --> Add.
Then Outgoing, Start.
8) In the Outgoing : Bundle window, setup the following:
Provider bundle name: earthlink
Remote System: epop-sr
Telephone: 2334492 then Add
How to Connect: Use pppattach then Next.
9) Outgoing : PPP Authentication
Authentication Protocol: None
Next...
10) Outgoing : Login Script
Use Script: Yes
Login Script: All are left unchanged except
2nd Send: ELN/mschalit <-- My login name
3rd Send: ********** <-- My password
Your username will probably be just your email name,
but earthlink requires me to prepend an ELN/ before
my username for logging in. Then next....
11) Outgoing : IP Network Protocol:
Local address assigned by: Remote
Local IP address/hostname: 0.0.0.0
Remote address assigned by: Remote
Remote IP address/hostname: 0.0.0.0
Use as default route: Yes
Local host acts as gateway: No
Act as Proxy for arp: No
Here I use 0.0.0.0 because it is a manual attach link.
I select use as default route, because theoretically, this
is a PPP link to an ISP who will link me out to the world.
I want any data, not destined for my local computers, to go out
to the Internet through my ISP by default, thus the default route.
The local host will not act as a gateway for all the other computers
on my LAN so that they can get their data out, in this example.
The act as proxy for arp is related to the gateway, and this is
also not needed, because I am not forwarding all data from my
LAN out to the net, just from the Uw7 host to the net.
12) Outgoing : Name Servers
Domain Search Order:
Name Server Search Order: Put your local DNS server last if any.
206.xxx.yyy.12
206.www.zzz.12
Then next....
13) Outgoing : Link Devices
Flow Control: Hardware
Multilink max links: 1
Selected Link Devices: Add the COM1 ACU device.
Then Finish. You're done.
Now that the link has been created, exit all managers and we'll test
it. Note these facts: Manual pppattach links will not be listed in
ifconfig -a until the link is brought up. Part of the ifconfig setup
is an option called 'RFC1323' which gets set on all ifconfig devices.
This RFC option conflicts with VJ Header Compression. RFC1323 is on by
default, and VJ Header compression is off by default, so the setup is
ok at this point, but I've found that rfc1323 mucks up some web pages
from finishing to load or to send, so look in the ifconfig man page
and consider turning this off if you have a good link but some pages
don't complete. To turn off rfc1323, do the following:
ifconfig ppp0 -rfc1323
Testing and Monitoring the dialout PPP link:
To test and monitor the state of the pppd as you make the outgoing PPP
link, use the ppptalk command:
ppptalk debug med bundle earthlink
ppptalk debug med link link_0
pppattach earthlink &
tail -f /var/adm/log/ppp.log
That will set debugging on the bundle and the link device, and dial
the earthlink bundle, and then tail the PPP log. If it stays on line
with the ISP, then your link succeeded. Often times you will have to
read the log closely to see what your ISP rejected and to modify your
PPP configuration to fit that.
PPP is sensitive to what ptf's you've applied, also. You can look at
the ptf setup I used, which is listed in this Faq, under What to Setup
Right After ISL.
If you want you modem speaker on until you connect, then you will need
to edit your /etc/uucp/default/modem.name.file and change the Speaker
line to read ATM1.
After my link was up and it didn't hang up on me right away, I typed
ping www.sco.com and it worked, so I'm going to stop here.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I set up an incoming PPP connection?
This exciting example of modern networking begins with no modem.
1) Log in as root to the CDE and start the scoadmin Network Config
Manager. Select View --> WAN. If you had no modems installed,
your window will show no devices.
2) Select Hardware --> Add new WAN device --> Modem.
This starts the modem manager.
3) Select Modem --> Add --> Manual Configuration.
( I could have used Auto, because the Zoom 56K is detectable).
4) Select your modem manufacturer and model. I'll use
Zoom V.34X, because almost every Zoom script is identical,
and this as good as any. Select the term/00m port that is what
we call COM1. Then click the Configure Port... button, before
you click OK.
The big picture is that I intend to add a modem that is configured
as incoming/outgoing. I'll test the modem outward using cu on
the Uw7 computer to my ISP and inward allowing Uw7 to answer a
call from Hyperterminal on NT4 SP5.
I'll then make an incoming PPP bundle so that I can dial in from
NT4 and login as my unix username, mschalit.
After (1) - (4) above:
5) This button takes you into the Serial Configuration Manager.
Port Type = COM1 Modem
Configure Port = Incoming & Outgoing
Speed = 115200
Then ok to exit. Then ok to exit again. Then Host --> Exit.
Back in the Network Configuration Manager, Go ahead and exit
it also,
6) Testing the Modem: Working at a terminal prompt.
* Set the correct UID:GID on the serial port to uucp:uucp
if it's not correct:
chown uucp:uucp /dev/term/00m
* Directly connect to the modem with cu:
cu -l /dev/term/00m
You should enter the connection screen and see a message.
You may see an AT. Type AT and press Enter, and you will
see an OK or 0. If you don't, type ATE1 and Enter, and
then AT again. That E1 turns on echo, which you need to see
the data, but you don't need for PPP, that's why it's off.
You can also type ATZ and Enter to reset the modem, then AT.
Don't worry about about the state you leave it in.
* Test that link to see if you get a dial tone:
ATDT
You will hear it after typing that. Hit ~. to
disconnect and reconnect with cu -l /dev/term/00m
* Test the link outbound... Dial the ISP, login, etc.
ATDT 2xxyy92
After you login, disconnect with ~.
* Test the link incoming... I got on my NT4 box and
ran Hyperterminal and dialed my Uw7 modem. It
answered and I hit enter to get a Login prompt.
I logged in as myself and was able to ls -l and
cal and banner hello a bunch of times. Good.
* Test the link outbound again.
* Test the link inbound again.
All those tests show me that the modem is stable and will
answer an make calls repeatedly. Good news.
7) Now with a working modem, restart the Scoadmin Network
Configuration Manager again to build the PPP link. Choose
View --> WAN and then select Software --> Configure PPP...
Then choose View --> Bundles screen. Then Wizard --> Add.
Then Incoming, Start.
8) In the Incoming : Remote Access Window...
Remote access bundle: sysop
Authentication methods...
Enable Chap = No
Enable Pap = No
Enable login = Yes
Enable Caller ID = No
Then Next...
9) In the Incoming : Login screen.......
Username: rasop
Password: entered something here
Next
10) In the Incoming : IP Network Protocol window.....
I left it on local and left my local address in there...
Local address assigned by: Local
Local IP Address/hostname: 10.1.1.1
Remote address assigned by: Local
Remote IP address/hostname: 10.1.1.103
Use as default route: No
Local host acts as gateway: Yes
Act as proxy for arp: Yes
Then next......
11) In the Incoming : Advertise DNS
Advertise DNS servers: Yes
Primary server address: 10.1.1.1 (because I have one)
Secondary:
The next....
12) In the Incoming : Link Devices window.........
Flow Control: Hardware
Multilink max links: 1
Selected devices: COM1 Add >>
Then finish, then exit, then exit.
Now we are ready to dial in from another computer. I have set up my
NT4 box with a PPP link to Uw7. I told NT to bring up a terminal
window during the modem negotiation so that I can type in my
login:pass. That's on the Script tab in the Edit Modem Properties. I
told it not to do software compression and not to do VJ header
compression due to the modem compression and the rfc1323 being
enabled.
When I dial, a little window pops up with three fields:
username
password
domain
Check Box for save password
It doesn't matter what I enter there, because I will end up logging
in with the terminal window. I entered something and it dialed out and
popped up the terminal window. I logged in as rasop and gave it
the password, and it worked.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I set up bidirectional PPP?
In an SCO Network Admin class I once took, there was a nice guy named
Fred, who was an old BBS'er. He was able to get bidirectional PPP
working between two Uw710 hosts. The key is that they are both Uw7
hosts and they are configured similarly and have similar network
configuration needs.
After installing ptf7401 and ptf7423, he did the following:
A) Setup both hosts with PPP links using the Wizard as Outgoing only.
B) On machine A, both IP addresses are Assigned By Local.
In both spaces put in the real IP addresses of the two hosts.
C) On machine B, both IP addresses are Assigned by Remote.
Use fake addresses like 127.0.0.2 and 127.0.0.3.
D) After exiting all the scoadmin managers, restart them
and go back into Network Manager --> Wan --> Configure PPP,
Modify the bundle and select the box to fix it as BiDirectional.
E) Then you can setup the logins, and it should work.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
I want to disable a particular daemon, how is this done?
You can ask yourself the following questions:
a) Is it stand-alone?
b) Does it start from /etc/inet/config
c) Does it start from /etc/inet/inetd.conf
d) Is it run from the Service Access Facility (SAF)?
Often you will just need to comment something out in the right file.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I apply changes made to /etc/inet/inetd.conf?
Changes made to this file can be applied by doing either
kill -HUP `cat /etc/inet/inetd.pid`
sacadm -k -p inetd
sacadm -s -p inetd
to stop and start it.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I boot an ftp user who is logged in?
This can be accomplished using the ps command:
ps -ef | grep ftpd | grep -v grep
which will list everyone whose logged into your ftpd. Choose the
offender and note the PID. Let's say it is 767.
kill 767
gives them the boot. :-)
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I catch someone trying to port scan my Uw7 host?
The curious out there like to scan the ports of publicly available
computers. At times they are trying to attack your system, and you can
run a dummy service on an unused port that'll send root some email if
someone tries to connect to it.
Let's call the new service we are going to create 'probe.'
Let's have probe run on port 999, which is unused.
Let's make a batch file that probe runs called 'etcprobe.'
Probe will be added with an entry in /etc/services.
Probe will be started with an entry in /etc/inet/inetd.conf.
Etcprobe will be stored in /usr/local/bin.
/usr/local/bin/etcprobe
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
| #!/bin/sh
| netstat -an | grep 999 | grep ESTAB | mail -s "Probe Alert!!" root
|
/etc/services
+------------------------------
| ...
| ...
| probe 999/tcp
| ...
/etc/inet/inetd.conf
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
| ...
| probe stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/bin/etcprobe probe
|
Now apply the changes made to inetd.conf with the kill command. Test
that probe is working by trying to telnet to port 999. You'll get mail
to root in a few seconds.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What web servers are running or not on Uw7 after ISL?
After Initial System Load (ISL), only the scohelphttpd is running.
Netscape Fastrack Server is not running.
Netscape Fastrack Administration Server is not running.
scohelphttp query
nsfast query
/usr/ns-home/admserv/ns-admin query
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
Why can't I access the Webtop, my Netscape server, or Netscape Admin?
This happens when no Netscape servers are enabled on those ports. The
Webtop runs off your usual Netscape server on port 80.
nsfast enable
The Netscape Admin server in another daemon run on port 620.
/usr/ns-home/admserv/start-admin
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I configure remote Netscape administration?
Edit the /usr/ns-home/admserv/ns-admin.conf file and modify the
"Addresses" line from
Addresses 10.1.1.1
to read
Addresses (10.1.1.1|10.1.1.2)
in order to let both 10.1.1.1 and 10.1.1.2 run Netscape Admin Server.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What is the login:pass for Netscape Admin? I can't log in.
The login is admin
The password is root's password at the time of installation
Sometimes this can get garbled, so have a look at
/usr/ns-home/admserv/admpw
to be sure there is a password. The password in that file should be in
encrypted form. Sometimes you just press Enter as the password.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
What do I need to watch out for with ns-admin.conf?
The Netscape Administration Server config file
/usr/ns-home/admserv/ns-admin.conf can give people problems if there
is a trailing dot in the ServerName or if the servername is wrong.
This can occur if the hostname has been changed. If things get bad,
fix them with:
pkgrm nsadmin
pkgadd -d cdrom1 nsadmin
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Networking :
How do I do NAT or DNAT or IP Masquerading on Uw7?
There is no way currently to do this in Uw7. People like to use Linux
to do this, but that isn't quite elegant enough when compared to the
following:
http://www.gnatbox.com/
http://www.linuxrouter.org/
The GnatBox, pronounced like the bug, and the Linux Router Project are
both single floppy programs that do not need a cdrom or hard drive.
They both contain firewall/NAT capability, support for many common
network cards, and built in web servers for remote administration.
They are rock solid, fast, and very stable. The GnatBox is $1000, and
uses a parallel port dongle (booo). The LRP is of course, free :).
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scouw7faq/faq.pl?file=111
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
System Administration
Administring a SCO UnixWare 7 System.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What do I want to watch out for, right after ISL?
(Answer) What do I want to set up, right after ISL?
(Answer) What logs do I want to follow?
(Answer) Where are errors recorded?
(Answer) Do I like Uw7? Is it helpful? Does it harsh my reality?
(Answer) A program that was running has crashed and is locked up, why?
(Answer) What are the keys I press to kill a process?
(Answer) How do I find and kill a process?
(Answer) What are the various 'kill' command arguments?
(Answer) What are the Security Profiles and their password
restrictions?
(Answer) What are the restrictions on login names?
(Answer) What's a umask? What's the default umask?
(Answer) What's an environment? What's a .profile or .cshrc?
(Answer) Where are all the possible places to set the environment?
(Answer) Where do I change the default account aspects, like the login
shell?
(Answer) How do I reuse a UID after deleting the original user?
(Answer) What are the advantages of command line 'userdel?'
(Answer) What are the advantages of command line 'usermod?'
(Answer) Where do I change the default password restrictions, such as
length?
(Answer) How do I record unsuccessful login attempts?
(Answer) How do I lock an account? How do I unlock a locked account?
(Answer) How do I control process priority in Uw7, with nice?
(Answer) What's good to know about cron in Uw7?
(Answer) How do I monitor the amount of space left on my drives?
(Answer) How do I determine disk usage by user?
(Answer) How do I locate and remove 'core' files?
(Answer) What is the DCU? What do I need to know about it?
(Answer) How do I spool a package instead of install it?
(Answer) How do I change the resolution / colors on my video card?
(Answer) Will you describe the boot process please?
(Answer) What is the default run level for Uw7? How do I set it?
(Answer) What does 'Can't load stage3' mean?
(Answer) What can I do at the boot: prompt?
(Answer) Where do I set autoboot time, after which the system goes
multiuser?
(Answer) How do I boot unix.old?
(Answer) How do I make a change to the /etc/inittab file?
(Answer) Why does my system hang during startup or during shutdown?
(Answer) How do I rebuild the kernel?
(Answer) How do I rebuild the MBB or MBR?
(Answer) How do I rebuild the boot slice?
(Answer) How do I figure what process caused a core dump, such as
core.242?
(Answer) What are the important tunable parameters I might adjust like
MAXUP?
(Answer) How do I stop the X desktop or the CDE from running?
(Answer) How do I send a pop-up message to the Windows machines on my
LAN?
[Add a New Answer in "System Administration "]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What do I want to watch out for, right after ISL?
Don't go changing your host name, your domain name, or your IP address
willy nilly. That data is stored in too many places.
Xntpd will be running with an empty ntp.conf file.
Routed will be running.
Be careful of starting the DNS manager; it can start a caching DNS
server.
Netscape server on 80, Netscape Admin Server on 620, Webtop, and
Visionfs are not enable be default, but scohelphttp on 457 is.
http://localhost:457
You need to immediately re-apply update710 if you just installed
Uw7.1.0. You need to look closely at whether there is an updated NIC
driver.
The scohelp files need to be indexed, but you may still be installing
software, so decide and then index it.
Root can't ftp in by default.
Be careful of applying any ptf. Only do one at a time and really look
around for problems is causes like licensing errors. Look at your
syslog and osmlog after rebooting.
Any Real Networks apps need to be pkgrm'd and re-added after the audio
subsystem is configured.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What do I want to set up, right after ISL?
Always check ftp://ftp.sco.com/SLS/README.UW7.Supplements or
http://www.sco.com/support/ftplists/uw7list.html/
It occurs to me to install things in the following way which took me
many attempts to do without causing issues. Your results WILL vary :)
A) update710 again if I just installed Uw7.1.0
B) /etc/hosts, and ping a few things for curiosity's sake.
C) A few user accounts.
D) ksh login for root, because I like filename completion.
E) Create /.profile and add a few aliases and EDITOR=vi.
F) ptf7408 Security
G) nics_710, then nd_710 latest versions.
H) audio.710.pkg then scoadmin audio
E) ptf7406 PII Microcode
F) ptf7402 Y2k
G) ptf7132 Webtop
H) ptf7411 Passwd Display
I) ptf7401 Kernel Sockets and Streams
J) ptf7410 Libthread
K) Make emergency Boot and Root.
L) nsfast enable.
M) ln -s /usr/bin/clear /usr/bin/cls :)
N) /usr/vision/bin/visionfs setup
O) gzip, mtools, glibs, xpm, less, gs, gv, jdk117a, jdk117pls, jdkman
jdkdoc, xpdf, swing, bash, pine, gcc, glib. Or something like that.
P) A backup program.
Q) scoadmin Network Manager --> Add Wan Device --> Serial Port
and configure it then add my external Zoom 56k modem
which is autodetected nicely.
R) umask.
S) Set up my default route through DSL hopefully.
T) Set up nameserver entries in /etc/resolv.conf if I have an active
link to a DNS server.
U) Add /usr/local/bin to the path in /etc/profile.
V) Add /usr/local/man to the MANPATH in /etc/default/man.
Defadm has a bug and can't parse /etc/default/man, use vi !
W) Apply Security Patches (SSE's) as described in Section (6).
X) Create DNS server and Printers if necessary.
I'm pretty meager on my ptf's until 7.1.1 ships. My system works well
(fingers crossed) so I'm choosing to play it like Yurtle the Turtle.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What logs do I want to follow?
There are a few logs that will grow over time and ones that contain
useful information:
* /var/adm/syslog
* /var/adm/log/osmlog
* /var/adm/log/ppp.log
* /usr/vision/vfsdata/logs/error.log
* /.dt/startlog
* /.dt/errorlog
* /var/adm/sulog
* /var/webtop/log/error.log
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Where are errors recorded?
In all the files in section (5.3) and:
* /var/dt/Xerrors
* /usr/ns-home/admserv/errors
* /usr/ns-home/admserv/cron.error
* /usr/ns-home/httpd-80/logs/errors
* /var/uucp/.Admin/errors
* $HOME/.dt/errorlog
* /var/adm/log/*.err
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Do I like Uw7? Is it helpful? Does it harsh my reality?
It makes you go hmmm. Honestly, the bugs and idiosyncrasies can get to
me sometimes, but I just try to take care and do any modifications to
my test system first. I try to appreciate the fact that Uw7 will be a
mature operating system soon. I keep an intense log book that details
my every action and their exact time. When I see an error starting to
occur at a given time, I know just what happened at that moment. After
those issues and a bit of fishing, I like it more than any other PC
based OS I've every used.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
A program that was running has crashed and is locked up, why?
When a program crashes, it's the running processes that are hanging.
When a program crashes, we need to run a ps -ef and grep the output
for the name of the program or the name of the process and kill it off
if necessary.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the keys I press to kill a process?
When you are running a program that is seemingly stuck, like an
nslookup that isn't working, you can press the 'Delete' key or
'ctrl-c'. If neither of those work, you can try 'ctrl-\', but that
will dump a core.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I find and kill a process?
Let's say that a process called tasker is hung and we need to kill it.
Run the command:
ps -ef | grep tasker | grep -v grep
and get the PID of the process. Let's say the PID is 8376. Type:
kill 8376 <-- First try this. It is the nicest kill.
kill -1 8376 <-- If that doesn't work, try this.
kill -2 8376 <-- If it is being stubborn, try this.
kill -9 8376 <-- This will kill anything, but is rough.
After you try the first kill, do another ps -ef to see if the process
is still running. If it is try the next kill, and so on.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the various 'kill' command arguments?
There is a nice discussion of this in 'man 5 signal.' Some of the
different kills in order of increasing power:
kill -15 SIGTERM Exit Terminated
kill -1 SIGHUP Exit Hangup
kill -2 SIGINT Exit Interrupt
kill -3 SIGQUIT Core Quit
kill -9 SIGKILL Exit Killed
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the Security Profiles and their password restrictions?
There are four profiles.
Low Passwords not required
Traditional Passwords required. Default minimum == 3 chars.
Improved Passwords required. Default minimum == 6 chars.
High Passwords required. Default minimum == 8 chars.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the restrictions on login names?
Then maximum login name length is 254 characters. Any name longer than
8 characters must be created using the useradd command. The name
should not contain upper case letters. No colons. It can't start with
a number.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What's a umask? What's the default umask?
The umask is a set of numbers like 0022. It specifies which
permissions to withhold when a directory or file is created. The
default umask is set in /etc/profile. For Low and Traditional, it is
0022. For Improved and High, it is 0077. To see how what permissions a
file or directory will get when created, do the following:
always start with 1 7 7 7
write in the umask 0 0 2 2
subtract --------------
equals the directory perms. --> 1 7 5 5
which we see as drwxr-xr-x
to get file perms enter 1 1 1 1
and subtract again --------------
equals the file perms. -----> 0 6 4 4
which we see as -r-xr--r--
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What's an environment? What's a .profile or .cshrc?
A users environment is a series of name=value pairs that hold values
specific to that user. People are familiar with the environment
variables named PATH and HOME. The environment for a user can be set
in their $HOME/.profile or their $HOME/.cshrc if the user is using
csh.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Where are all the possible places to set the environment?
All the possible places include:
/etc/profile
$HOME/.profile
$HOME/.login
$HOME/.cshrc
$HOME/.kshrc
$HOME/.dtprofile
It is not a good idea to use .kshrc because it gets parsed too often.
If you put your user's environment modifications in their .profile, it
will keep your system running faster.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Where do I change the default account aspects, like the login shell?
You can use the 'defadm' command to manipulate your /etc/default/*
files:
defadm useradd
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I reuse a UID after deleting the original user?
By default, Uw7 doesn't let you reuse a UID for a period of one year.
The default can me modified with 'defadm userdel.' The aging UIDs can
be found in and deleted from:
/etc/security/ia/ageduid
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the advantages of command line 'userdel?'
The command line userdel will allow you to remove a user but leave
their home directory intact. It will allow you to specify when to
allow the UID to be reused.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the advantages of command line 'usermod?'
The command line usermod will allow you to change a UID or a login
name.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Where do I change the default password restrictions, such as length?
Use the command 'defadm login' to view these restrictions. The defadm
command will let you change the settings too. You can always use vi on
/etc/default/login.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I record unsuccessful login attempts?
You can create the file:
-rw------- root sys 0 /var/adm/loginlog
with the touch command and the chmod command. The enter:
defadm login LOGFAILURES <-- to see what it is set at.
defadm login LOGFAILURES=2 <-- if you want to log after two failures.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I lock an account? How do I unlock a locked account?
You can use the command line utilities on user foobar's account:
passwd -l foobar <-- to lock the account named foobar
passwd foobar <-- to unlock the account by issuing a new pass.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I control process priority in Uw7, with nice?
That's the way. If the process is running, use 'renice.' If you are
about to run the program, then use 'nice.' To view a process's
priority, whose PID is 8376
priocntl -d 8376
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What's good to know about cron in Uw7?
It checks the validity of your cronfile when you modify it with
'crontab -e' and exit. You can't have any empty lines in a crontab
file, or it will be ignored. List your crontab with 'crontab -l.'
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I monitor the amount of space left on my drives?
Use the commands such as these:
dfspace
quot -F vxfs /
du -ks /etc
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I determine disk usage by user?
Use the quot command and give it a filesystem mount point as an
argument. It will list the number of blocks used by user.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I locate and remove 'core' files?
In Uw7, there are system files named
core.4.html
core.ph
core.h
so searching for core* and rm'ing that would be an oops. What is safer
is a find with an rm that confirms before removing the file so that
you can spare the core.ph file and others.
All core files in Uw7 that are dumped by processes are named core.PID;
where PID is the processes id. To remove them, try the following:
find / -name "core.*" -ok rm {} \;
Then press n for any files you need to keep.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What is the DCU? What do I need to know about it?
The DCU is the Device Configuration Utility which is a character
based, menu driven interface for viewing and modifying the hardware
configuration of your computer, such as IRQ's and port addresses.
You can always exit and cancel any changes. It is one of the only ways
to see your hardware setup, unlike OpenServer 5 which had the handy
hwconfig -h.
During ISL, you have only one chance to enter the DCU. You can not go
back using the F9 key and enter it a second time. You can't enter it
once you skip it.
During ISL, it is a good idea to go into the DCU and disable any HBA
drivers for which you don't have hardware. There are about a dozen or
so, and you don't need them all.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I spool a package instead of install it?
You can do this with:
pkgadd -s -d cdrom1 packagename
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I change the resolution / colors on my video card?
To make adjustments to your display settings, you can use the scoadmin
video manager in either CHARM or GUI mode. You have the ability with
this manager to test the settings first, before making them permanent.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Will you describe the boot process please?
The boot process was taught to me in my Uw7 Admin II class at the Open
Learning Center in Santa Cruz. Here is what happens when you push the
power button on a Uw7 computer:
A. The mainboard bios loads runs a series of tests called POST,
for Power On Self Test.
B. After POST, the BIOS loads Sector 0, Cylinder 0 on the
boot drive that was chosen in the BIOS setup (A,C).
C. This sector is what we call the Master Boot Block, or the
Master Boot Record (MBB or MBR). This contains the partition
table which is read to determine the active partition.
D. The BIOS then reads sector 0 of the Active partition
and loads what it finds there. On Uw7, this is the boot slice,
slice 7, which is raw data and contains the boot program.
E. The boot program runs and we see the splash screen.
If no keys are pressed for 5 seconds, then the system continues
to boot up. If a key is pressed, you see a boot: prompt and the
system pauses. When the system continues loading, boot reads
the following files from /stand:
stage3.blm
bfs.blm
dcmp.blm
hd.blm
platform.blm
smallfs.blm
If the computer can't find /stand, then you will get an error
like, "Can't load Stage3."
F. Boot reads and acts upon the data in:
/stand/boot
/stand/bootmsgs
G. Boot loads and runs the kernel, unix.
H. After the kernel is successfully loaded, you see the message,
"The system is coming up."
--------
a. Sysproc (as PID 0) loads, executes, and starts init.
b. Init (as PID 1) executes, and reads inittab to set the initial
run level and mount filesystems.
c. Init goes through the inittab and runs all the programs it is
told to, based on the run level that the system is entering.
d. Almost always, this includes reading and running /etc/rc2 which
runs all the S##scripts in /etc/rc2.d.
e. init starts the login sessions (via /etc/rc.d)
starts File and Print sharing (via /etc/rc3.d)
starts programs after logins have started (via /etc/dinit.d)
Then you should see a login prompt, either GUI or terminal text.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What is the default run level for Uw7? How do I set it?
The default run level is either 2 or 3 depending on whether you
installed Netware utilities, or NFS utilities during ISL, and can be
set in the /etc/inittab file. Here is the line from that file where it
is set:
is:3:initdefault:
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What does 'Can't load stage3' mean?
As described above in the boot process question, the system will
return a "Can't load stage3" error when it can't find the file
/stand/stage3.blm when the system is booting. A common cause of this
is when you installed Uw7 on a partition that is above the 4GB limit
or the 1024 cylinder.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What can I do at the boot: prompt?
If you hit the spacebar when you see the Uw7 splash screen, you can
access the usual unix style boot: prompt. You can't type ls, but you
can type dir. You can type ? to get a list of commands. You can boot
the computer by typing boot, b, go, or g, then Enter. You can boot to
init 1 by typing initstate=1, then go. You can boot the unix.old
kernel by typing BOOTPROG=unix.old, then go. You can boot to a DOS
partition by typing: b hd(0,dos)
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Where do I set autoboot time, after which the system goes multiuser?
You can set the variable AUTOBOOT=15 in the file /stand/boot to set
the autotimeout at 15 seconds, instead of 5 seconds. This is the
number of seconds that the splash screen will stay up before
autobooting the system.
You can also set a variable called TIMEOUT=60 in /stand/boot to set
the number of seconds to 60, that the computer will wait at a boot:
prompt before booting. Normally the computer will wait indefinitely
(TIMEOUT=0) if the user presses a key during the AUTOBOOT delay and
causes the boot: prompt to appear.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I boot unix.old?
To boot the old kernel, unix.old, that was running before you relinked
the kernel, type the following at the boot: prompt,
BOOTPROG=unix.old
go
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I make a change to the /etc/inittab file?
We often make changes to the /etc/inittab file when we want to make a
change to the initstate or how a terminal is behaving. To make a
permanent change to the inittab file, you will need to edit two files:
/etc/conf/init.d/kernel
/etc/inittab
Manually editing these two files works well. The inittab file is made
from the kernel file whenever the idmkinit command is run, so editing
them both accomplishes the task of running idmkinit an copying the
file to /etc.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
Why does my system hang during startup or during shutdown?
The system executes one file at a time in the /etc/rc2.d directory and
waits for the file to finish running before it starts the next file.
Sometimes the ppp or the lp script can hang, and you can see this by
typing ps -ef. Look for an S##script that is stuck.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I rebuild the kernel?
To rebuild the kernel:
* log in as root
* /etc/conf/bin/idbuild -B
* shutdown -g0 -y -i6
By rebooting with the -i6, the environment maker idmkenv is run on
reboot.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I rebuild the MBB or MBR?
Sometimes the MBB of the computer's root hard drive gets trashed and
you will not be able to boot the computer from the hard drive. You
will probably see a NO SYSTEM DISK, or NO OS error from the BIOS. If
you boot from your boot/root emergency disks, you can use fdisk to
recreate your MBB. Enter the fdisk program and you'll see the MBR
option on the main menu.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I rebuild the boot slice?
If your boot slice has been corrupted, boot will not load, and
probably nothing will appear on your screen after POST. You will see
no Uw7 splash screen. If you need to rebuild your boot slice, you can
do this as follows:
* Boot of the emergency disks
* Mount the filesystems
* Access a Unix shell
* /mnt/usr/bin/disksetup -b /mnt/etc/boot /dev/rdsk/c0b0t0d0s0
* exit
* ctrl-alt-F1
* Reboot
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I figure what process caused a core dump, such as core.242?
You can easily find this information by typing:
# file core.242
core.657: ELF 32-bit LSB core file 80386 Version 1
Arguments = '/etc/ifor_pmd '
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
What are the important tunable parameters I might adjust like MAXUP?
There isn't much you can tune to increase performance. All those
parameters are autotuned.
There are a few important tunables that you may run into like MAXUP,
ULIMIT, and MAXLINK. Search your http://localhost:457/ pages for
Tunable Parameters and read about them. The first three sections are
the important ones. Here is a summary:
There are two types of tunable parameters, internet and KERNEL.
* internet: parameter names are lower case
tunables stored in /etc/inet/dfl
* KERNEL: parameter names are upper case
tunables are stored in /etc/conf/mtune.d
/etc/conf/autotune.d
Important ones are:
* ULIMIT block size of the largest file 2097151
listed in /etc/default/login
* MAXLINK Maximum number of subdirectories 1000
allowed in a directory
changed with idtune.
* MAXUP Maximum number of processes an 80
unprivileged user can run.
changed with idtune.
* NPROC The maximum number of processes 400
possible on the system.
changed with idtune.
* SFSZLIM Soft size limit for a user file
HFSZLIM Hard size limit for a user file
* SFNOLIM Soft limit on the number of files a user opens.
HFNOLIM Hard limit on the number of files a user opens.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I stop the X desktop or the CDE from running?
You can use the following commands to have an affect on the CDE or
what people commonly call the X desktop:
scologin enable
scologin disable
scologin start
scologin stop
You don't need to scologin stop when you change your video settings.
Any new settings will take affect the next time you log in.
If you run a scologin stop, then log in on some terminal like vt04,
you can do do a startx to bring up the PMWM instead of the CDE.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) System
Administration :
How do I send a pop-up message to the Windows machines on my LAN?
With Visionfs, root can send a broadcast pop-up message to Windows
machines. The command is something like:
/usr/vision/bin/visionfs message --to luke --touser fred --from Sysop Hi.
Where fred is using NT on host luke, and the message can be longer
that Hi. But a \n newline doesn't work, and you must fit your message
into one continous line.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Security
UnixWare 7 system Security.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) What are the system security features?
(Answer) What are permissions?
(Answer) What are Tcp Wrappers and Packet Filters?
(Answer) What are privileges?
(Answer) What are the alternatives to su? A user needs a privilege.
(Answer) How do I use tfadmin, adminuser, and adminrole, instead of
su?
(Answer) What are some gaping security risks I need to patch
immediately?
(Answer) I'm not sure if I should apply a Uw7 security patch, what do
I do?
(Answer) What does 'unable to invoke login scheme means' ?
[Add a New Answer in "Security "]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are the system security features?
The system controls access to files via permissions and user logins.
The system controls access to and from the network via Tcp Wrappers
and Packet Filters. The system controls access to sensitive system
commands via permissions and privileges, using the commands su,
tfadmin, adminrole, and adminuser. There is a special type of user
besides root called a system owner, that is a security risk, and
should not be used will nilly. There is a Skunkware program called
sudo, an enhanced su, that people like also.
http://www.sco.com/skunkware
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are permissions?
Permissions are the -rwxr-xr-- bits and the UID:GID on the file that
you see when you do a long listing on a file.
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scouw7faq/faq.pl?file=53
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are Tcp Wrappers and Packet Filters?
Tcp wrappers and packet filters control how data is allowed to move in
and out of your network. They allow and deny certain things to happen
based on a set of rules. These commands are covered in following:
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scouw7faq/faq.pl?file=111
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scouw7faq/faq.pl?file=112
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scouw7faq/faq.pl?file=113
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are privileges?
Users need to be granted the privilege to run important system
commands like kill, shutdown, and ifconfig. Privileges are an
additional way, besides permissions, to control who can run sensitive
commands like shutdown and ifconfig. By using privileges, root can
grant the right to run a command or group of commands, rather than
give out the root password and telling the user to use su. When a user
has been granted privileges to use a command, they execute that
command as if they were root, using that command as an argument to the
tfadmin command, as in
/sbin/tfadmin shutdown -g0 -y -i6
(The system maintains a security privilege database, and it can get
corrupted. See also Section (1.15). Check it by typing /sbin/initprivs
and fix it with /etc/security/tools/setpriv -x (enjoy to plural vs
singular syntax)).
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are the alternatives to su? A user needs a privilege.
Instead of granting every right by giving out the root password and
telling someone to use su, we use the tfadmin command and the
privilege mechanism. This allows us to grant specific access.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
How do I use tfadmin, adminuser, and adminrole, instead of su?
To use privileges instead of su, we do the following:
A) Create a group of commands that a user needs, called a role,
with the adminrole command
B) Assign a users or users to that role with adminuser.
C) Then they can execute the commands using tfadmin.
This is straightforward enough. The following is an example, where
I'll grant the privilege to use 'kill' and 'shutdown' to yurtle:
Script started on Mon Oct 25 20:56:10 1999
# id | awk '{ print $1 " " $2 }'
UID=0(root) GID=3(sys)
#
# /bin/adminrole -n SCRAM
# /bin/adminrole -a kill:/bin/kill:allprivs SCRAM
# /bin/adminrole -a shutdown:/sbin/shutdown:allprivs SCRAM
# /bin/adminuser -n -o SCRAM yurtle
#
# /bin/adminrole SCRAM
SCRAM: kill:/bin/kill owner audit compat dacread dacwrite dev filesys
macread macwrite mount multidir setplevel setspriv setuid sysops setupriv
driver fpri macupgrade fsysrange setflevel auditwr tshar plock core
loadmod bind
shutdown:/sbin/shutdown owner audit compat dacread dacwrite dev
filesys macread macwrite mount multidir setplevel setspriv setuid sysops
setupriv driver fpri macupgrade fsysrange setflevel auditwr tshar plock
core loadmod bind
# ^D
script done on Mon Oct 25 21:00:45 1999
That's all there is to it. Yurtle can kill anything and shutdown at
anytime now, as long as initprivs returns nothing, by typing:
/sbin/tfadmin shutdown -g0 -y -i0
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What are some gaping security risks I need to patch immediately?
There is are several CERT advisories that pertain directly to UnixWare
710. As such, these documented security risks are well known
throughout the net underground, and if someone knows your system, they
may try these. If system security is at all important to you, then
apply the SSE patches. Please take a close look at the following SCO
Security Web page:
http://www.sco.com/security
I am running the following SSE patches on my system:
SSE 028 Sendmail 7.1.0 only
SSE 029 mailcap 7.1.0 only
SSE 030 rpc calendar 7.1.0 only
SSE 035 ftpd 7.x.x
When I tried to run the passthrough driver patch, SSE 031, my system
would not rtpm anymore... I'd get a core dump.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
I'm not sure if I should apply a Uw7 security patch, what do I do?
The SCO Security team sent me some mail the other day and answered
this question by telling me that each SSE### patch will only install
on the exact version of UnixWare for which it was written.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Security :
What does 'unable to invoke login scheme means' ?
It happens if someone makes a telnet connection but doesn't log in
within the timeout period (1 minute?).
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Third Party Software
Software for UnixWare 7 from vendors other than SCO.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) ssh2
(Answer) Star Office
(Answer) Where do I find a piece of software call "xxxxxxxxxxx" for
Uw7.1.0?
(Answer) What is on the OLSS (Skunkware)?
(Answer) How do I enable 128-bit encryption with Netscape programs?
(Answer) Wordperfect 8
(Answer) Where is Kermit for UnixWare 7?
[Add a New Answer in "Third Party Software "]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
ssh2
ssh2 compiled well on Uw7.1.0 noting the following:
a) modify the "configure" script to force "sco-style ptys"
b) CC=cc ./configure --host=i686-unknown-sysv4
c) make
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
Star Office
Star Office 5.x does not run on Uw7.1.0 due to the lack of thread
support in lxrun at this time. Look for Sun to distribute a Java
version of Star Office in the end of 1999.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
Where do I find a piece of software call "xxxxxxxxxxx" for Uw7.1.0?
There are many programs available for UnixWare7 on the Open License
Software Supplement (OLSS, or Skunkware) which has its home at:
http://www.sco.com/skunkware/
There is an archive for UnixWare called Freebird, located at:
http://www.freebird.org/
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
What is on the OLSS (Skunkware)?
Here is a list of the programs on the Uw7.1.0 OLSS disc:
a2ps aalib Acme addressbo AnswerGar apache ApacheJMe astrolog autoconf
bash bb bison bladeenc blt24g bzip2 calc catdoc cdrecord cgiwrap Count
cpio ctags cvs dejagnu ecu egcs elvis enhydra enscript eperl esound
Eterm expect528 fetchmail file fileutils findutils flex fnlib
freefonts freeWAIS ftwalk fvwm fvwm95 fweb fwf gawk gdb getline gimp
glibs glimpse gnucash gnuplot gphoto groff gs guile gutils gv gzip
htdig httpanaly hypermail ImageMagi infozip inn ipalias irc ispell
itcl301 jikes jsdk kde less lsof lwgate lyx majorcool majordomo make
maplay mathrec mc md5 mgdiff mkpkg mpack mpeg2enco mpegplay mpg123
mtools mutt mysql nana ncftp nedit nvi objc orion palmpilot patch
pixmap povray procdump procmail psutils python qtfree rcs rpm rxvt
sbart sentry sgmltools sharutil skunkperl slrn snd squid stl strobe
sudo swing tanked tar tcl804 tclx804 tcsh teTeX texinfo tik timidity
tk804 tkinfo top transfig treeps ttutils vim vrwave wget WindowMak
xanim xaos xascii xautolock xboing xbuffy xcoral xdiary xdir xearth
xemacs xfig xfishtank xgalaga xgrabsc xhtml xinvest xkobo xlockmore
xmailbox xmcd XmHTML xmix Xmixer xmmix xpaint xpdf xpipeman3 xpm xpool
xquote xrolodex xscavenge xscreensa Xswallow xt xv xwave zircon zsh
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
How do I enable 128-bit encryption with Netscape programs?
The 128-bit program is called /opt/netscape/netscape-us and it is
already on your system, but you need to pay $20 to your var to get the
COLA. Then change the netscape symlink from netscape-export to
netscape-us. I am looking at my COLA and it says, "SCO Strong
Encryption Supplement" on it.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
Wordperfect 8
The Wordperfect 8 Linux version works with lxrun, except for a bug
where the program may exit right after printing.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Third Party
Software :
Where is Kermit for UnixWare 7?
Kermit communications software for serial and network connections,
file transfer, character-set translation, alpha and numeric paging,
and scripting can be downloaded from the Kermit Project website at
Columbia University:
http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/
f...@columbia.edu
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Useful Shell Commands
Misc. shell commands for UnixWare 7
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) How do I search in every file for a string like "See foo?"
(Answer) How do I find the largest files and directories?
(Answer) How do I find the largest files?
(Answer) How do I determine the number of free inodes?
(Answer) How do I find the user who is using files in a filesystem and
thus preventing it from being unmounted?
[Add a New Answer in "Useful Shell Commands"]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Useful Shell
Commands :
How do I search in every file for a string like "See foo?"
To find the string "See foo" in every local file, one can do a 'find'
and 'fgrep' utilizing 'xargs' to run a group of fgreps at once which
is more efficient than running one fgrep at a time:
find / -type f -mount | xargs fgrep -l "See foo"
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Useful Shell
Commands :
How do I find the largest files and directories?
To find the largest files and directories, in units of kilobytes one
can use 'du,' 'sort,' and 'less' to list the files from largest to
smallest:
du -akx | sort -nr | less
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Useful Shell
Commands :
How do I find the largest files?
To find the largest files, in units of bytes, one can use 'find,'
'ls,' 'awk,' 'sort,' and 'less':
find / -type f -exec ls -l {} + | awk '{ print $5 "\t" $9 }' \
| sort -nr | less
To find the largest files, in units of kilobytes:
find / -type f -exec ls -l {} + | awk '{ print int($5/1024) "\t" $9 }' \
| sort -nr | less
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Useful Shell
Commands :
How do I determine the number of free inodes?
Use the 'df' command:
df -i
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Useful Shell
Commands :
How do I find the user who is using files in a filesystem and thus
preventing it from being unmounted?
Use the 'fuser' command, and notice that it refers to block devices
unless you throw the '-c' flag which lets you use mount points:
fuser -cu /home <-- List all PIDs(usernames) using files in /home
fuser -u /dev/fd0 <-- List all PIDs(usernames) using the first floppy
fuser -u /dev/dsk/c0b0t0d0s4 <-- " using slice 4 on disk 0 ( /home )
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Category) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
Migrating from OpenServer 5 to UnixWare 7
This section is for those moving from OpenServer to UnixWare.
ger...@zenez.com
Subcategories:
Answers in this category:
(Answer) SCO Migration Tools
[Add a New Answer in "Migrating from OpenServer 5 to UnixWare 7"]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ : (Category) Migrating from
OpenServer 5 to UnixWare 7 :
SCO Migration Tools
SCO provides a set of Migration Tools to UnixWare 7.
Always Check here for the latest information on UnixWare 7.
http://www.sco.com/unixware7/documentation
http://www.sco.com/upgrade/ or
http://wdb1.sco.com/clbk_web/owa/dwn_customer
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
What about programing in UnixWare 7
The SCO Programmer's FAQ
http://www.zenez.com/cgi-bin/scoprogfaq/faq.pl tries to answer these
questions for both OpenServer 5 and UnixWare 7.
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
(Answer) (Category) SCO UnixWare 7 FAQ :
About Matthew Schalit
I'm from California. I have a degree in Physics from UCSB and recently
turned 32. Enjoy this and send any corrections/correspondence to
msch...@earthlink.net. This was originally posted on 10-18-1999 to
comp.unix.unixware.misc. New additions to this Faq were added on or
after 18 Oct 1999, and include incoming and outgoing ppp, ACL's,
adding swap, security, and privileges
ger...@zenez.com
[Append to This Answer]
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