Min's Historical Calendar Of Jesus - Chapter 5
Dr.Min
CHAPTER 5
JOHN THE BAPTIST'S 30th birthday was 1 Nisan 3787, which was
Thursday, March 27, 27 AD, when "the word of God came unto
John[the Baptist]"[ref. Luke 3:1-23]. Note that this date was
exactly four hundred eighty-three[483] realtime Hebrew calendar
years after the date that Ezra had left Babylon with Artaxerxes'
decree to restore levitical rule and the people to Jerusalem;
recall that this edict had specified the restoration of
government and taxation, and also "set up the walls thereof,
and joined the foundations"[Ezra 4:12]. No other kingly decree
satisfies this historical Hebrew calendric chronology counting
these actual years; John's preaching is told by all four
gospels; John the Baptist is properly known as the Elijah of
prophecy. Note here that the ancient Hebrews observed ones
"birthday" as the first day of that person's new year of age.
As in this case, 1 Nisan 3787 began the first day of John's
thirtieth year of age. Since as you'll recall from Chapter 2,
John was born 1 Nisan 3758, i.e. fully 29 complete years ago
plus just hours into the first day of John's 30th year, so
John was deemed 30 years of age until 1 Nisan 3788. Similarly,
the 6th month of Elisabeth's pregnancy with John was reckoned
as five completed months plus just hours into the first day of
the 6th month counting since Elisabeth conceived by Zechariah,
hence the gospel reads "but month sixth" [Luke 1:26,36]. See?
By contrast, the Romans counted as we do here in 21st century,
that a person is not deemed to be 30 years old until they've
lived for fully thirty completed years. More on this later...
The astronomical data with reference to the molad for John the
Baptist's 30th Hebrew calendar birthday is calculated thusly:
_______________________________________________________________
(Old VSOP87 data left intact for comparison to the newer SWEPH)
Julian Day: 1731005
Julian calendar: Thursday, March 27, 27 AD
Jewish calendar: 1 Nisan 3787
Sunrise: 05:39:56 AM JST; JD 1731004.65273
Sunset: 05:50:27 PM JST; JD 1731005.16003
New Moon: Wed, Mar 26, 27 AD @ 09:41:39 PM JST
Julian date: 1731004.32059; Lunation: -23447
Moon's distance: 382922k(60.0 ER); Subtends: 0.5347 deg.
Right ascension: 00:17:40.31; Declination: -02:53:06
Azimuth: 127.098; Altitude: -48.159
Moonrise: 05:36:14 AM JST; JD 1731003.65016
Moonset: 05:31:13 PM JST; JD 1731004.14668
_______________________________________________________________
Thursday, March 27, 27 AD 09:00:00 AM LMT GMT +2:22 35:32E 31:47N.
John the Baptist's 30th birthday was 1 Abib[Nisan 3787] which was
Thursday, March 27th 27 AD, whereupon "the *word of God came unto
John (the Baptist)"[ref. Luke 3:1-23; *Jesus is the word of YHWH].
Recall that this date was precisely four hundred eighty-three[483]
actual lunisolar calendar years since the date that Ezra had left
Babylon with Artaxerxes' decree to restore levitical rule and the
temple service to Jerusalem commencing the true 70 Weeks prophecy.
NOTE: southing on John's 30th was 12:06:07 PM LMT; Neptune exalts
in 9th house 9:06:30 AM; thus, chart is calculated minutes before
anticipating John's election-witness (Neptune was John's sojourn):
New (2003) Swiss Ephemeris:
LMT: 09:00:00 27-Mar-27
UTC: 06:38:00 27-Mar-27
TDT-UT: +9501.0 sec
Sidereal Time: 21h 07m 01s
Julian Day: 1731004.77639
Metonic calendar: 1 Nisanu 3787
Islamic calendar: yawm al-khamis
29 Jumada l-Ula -613 (1948439.17=1AH)
Mayan Long count: 7.19.5.6.2
(baktun.katun.tun.uinal.kin)
Haab: 0 Mac ; Tzolkin: 9 Ik
Now recall the words of John's priestly father Zechariah,
speaking here of his son John and of Daniel's "Messiah the
Prince" Lord Jesus:
"...to remember his holy covenant; The oath which he sware to
our father Abraham"..."And thou, child, shalt be called the
prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the
Lord to prepare his ways; To give knowledge of salvation unto
his people by the remission of their sins, through the tender
mercy of our God; whereby the dayspring from on high hath
visited us, to give light to them that sit in darkness and in
the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, and was in the
deserts till the day of his showing unto Israel."
- - - --ref. Luke 1:72-80 AV
This "showing unto Israel" commenced with the New Moon [Heb.
vdx, kho'desh] of Abib[Nisan 3787], as John's 30th birthday
made him eligible for the priesthood and temple service[cf. Gen
41:46; Num 4:3ff; 2 Samuel 5:4; 1 Chr 23:3]. But let's back up
a few years to gain a better understanding of these calendar
dates...
Two years before the great Caesar Augustus was to die on Sunday,
August 19, 14 AD [JD 1726402; 5 Elul 3774], Tiberius was made
supreme military governor of the Roman Empire and its provinces,
and was made co-princeps (effectively co-Caesar) with Caesar
Augustus by 13 AD. Notwithstanding these facts, September 17,
14 AD is the commonly referenced date by those adherents of the
profane historical record, since this was Tiberius' ceremonial
inaugural after Augustus' death, when the Romans did officially
acknowledged Tiberius Caesar's sole title of Imperator/Pontifex.
This date in which Tiberius Caesar was formally inaugurated is
calculated thusly:
Julian Day: 1726431
Julian calendar: Monday, September 17, 14 AD
Jewish calendar: 5 Tishri 3775
New Moon: Sep 13, l4 AD @ 5:38:10 AM JST
Julian date: 1726426.65150; Lunation: -23602
Moon's distance: 398527k(62.5 ER); Subtends: 0.4997 deg.
Right ascension: 11:15:26.60; Declination: 06:23:06
Azimuth: -95.158; Altitude: 3.807
Moonrise: 5:21:25 AM JST; JD 1726426.63987
Moonset: 6:03:01 PM JST; JD 1726427.16876
Compare Tiberius' inauguration date with John's 30th birthday
[Mar 27, 27 AD] & Jesus' baptism date [Sept 20, 27 AD]. Tiberius'
inauguration date is historically irreconcilable with Luke's
account as given in Luke 3:1ff, but is only 12 years 191 days
before John's 30th, and is 13 years 3 days before Jesus' baptism.
This at first puzzling incongruity is examined thoroughly and is
absolutely positively reconciled with 27 AD in chapter 7.
New Moon coincident with vernal equinox; this is year 1 of that
19-year cycle:
Julian Day: 1729173
Julian calendar: Saturday, March 21, 22 AD
Jewish calendar: 29 Adar 3782
Sunrise: 5:47:43 AM JST; JD 1729172.65814
Sunset: 5:47:01 PM JST; JD 1729173.15765
V.E.: Mar 23 @ 05:00:23 AM JST; JD 1729174.62527
New Moon: Mar 21, 22 AD @ 4:38:04 AM JST
Julian date: 1729172.60977; Lunation: -23509
Moon's distance: 390405k(61.2 ER); Subtends: 0.5101 deg.
Right ascension: 23:45:19.84; Declination: 01:57:30
Azimuth: -99.950; Altitude: -12.000
Moon rising: 5:38:09 AM JST; JD 1729172.65149
Setting: 6:13:48 PM JST; JD 1729173.17625
Let's talk more about leap years and the lunisolar calendar
observed by Moses...
The present-day 19-year lunisolar cycle of the Hebrew/Jewish
calendar adds the thirteenth intercalary, or leap month,
V'Adar(AdarII) in the years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19, making
those 13-month years into "leap years" to maintain very close --
but not perfect -- synchronicity with the lunisolar cycle.
Twelve lunar[synodic] months is about eleven days shorter than a
solar year, hence the "lunar-solar" calendar has for thousands
of years required a leap year to be added every two to three
years in order to make up for this annual eleven-day deficit.
But these systematically observed leap years end up with about
two hours [2:06:28.022] left over every 19 solar years, not a
very significant error, but by the mid-second century AD this
had accumulated over more than fifteen hundred years since the
days of Moses, thus presented a serious dilemma for the
lunisolar calendar. This is why in 161 AD the Jewish Patriarch
Simon III had imposed the postponement of the intercalated year
from the seventh to the eighth year to prevent Pentecost from
falling on Monday, June 23, 161 AD which was the summer solstice
in that year. This postponement was accomplished using an
interim transition cycle of leap years 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and
19. As a result, all leap years after this adjustment were
counted in the years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19, but all leap
years prior to Simon's calendar adjustment of 161 AD were
counted in the years 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 18, thusly these
leap-months were appended to those designated years after the
twelfth month of Adar, according to the lunisolar Torah calendar
of Moses.
While the religious months of the calendar were counted as in
Torah, beginning in the spring on 1 Abib [Heb. byba, abiyb], the
civil calendar months of the very same calendar were always
counted fall-to-fall, so the first month in the civil new year
was (and still is) the seventh month of the ecclesiastical
calendar. The rules for observing the holy days in their proper
seasons have always enjoyed top priority for calculating the
Hebrew calendar, which was calculated years in advance according
to the calendar rules in anticipation of these sacred ritual
observances. Based on the repeating 19-year lunisolar cycle and
in near-synchronicity with each month's molad, these months were
numbered 1-12, or 1-13 in leap years. As mentioned in chapter 1,
the first day of Abib [chodesh ha-aviv] only roughly coincided
(i.e. +/- 50 days) with the barley being "in the ear" of old
tradition [see Karaites ref. below].
The molad was more often than not a day or two earlier than a
month's first allowable day as a function of the calendar rules,
but the molad was never allowed to occur too late, i.e. past the
"overpost window" by exceeding 05:23:27 PM that day for any
given month's calculations. The general idea was to prevent the
molad from encroaching on the next day's sunset before
qualifying it as a 1st day of any future calendar month being
calculated in lieu of any other postponement rules. There is
a great deal of disinformation regarding the ancient Hebrews,
treating them as if they were Neolithic hunter-gatherers
incapable of adding two rocks plus two rocks, but nothing could
be further from the truth! Quoting here from rabbi Maimonides:
"It is thus a Mosaic tradition from Sinai that in times when
there was a Palestinian Synedrium [Sanhedrin], declaration of
New Moon Days was based on visual observation [confirming
calculations made by the court years in advance], while in times
when no Synedrium existed, this declaration was based[solely] on
calculations such as we are using today and no attention was
paid to observation of the new crescent. Rather, the day
established[years before] by calculation might well coincide
with the day in which the new moon became visible, but it might
sometimes be the day before it or the day after it." "The court
followed a tradition transmitted by the Sages from one
generation to another on the authority of Moses... on the basis
of calculation...."--Code of Maimon., Bk3 Tr8, `Sanctification
of the New Moon' 5x2;18x7
Considering that the ancient calendar month was reckoned at 29
days, 12 hours and 793 parts, i.e. 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes
and 3 1/3 seconds, and also that month-to-month observations
served to confirm and calibrate these commendably precise
calculations, Maimonides' assumptive conclusion that the
ancients couldn't calculate their own calendars accurately based
on any molad is not being realistic, irrespective of that
molad's actual "visibility". Rather, any months which were
observed an entire day before the calculated molad would have to
have been started deliberately, but certainly not for the lack
of simple addition skills, and whether or not such was ever
allowed to happen is extremely doubtful at best. The evidence
indicates this was never allowed to happen: in all of my studies
of all these ancient Hebrew calendar dates, I have never once
encountered any occasion where the molad was calculated to occur
so much as 5 hours 422 parts past the sixth hour [18h, i.e.
12 O'Clock Post Meridian; noting that 1 hour = 1080 parts, 1
part = 31/3 seconds, one minute = 18 parts]. This was and remains
the absolute "cut off" point which causes any calculated month
to be delayed by at least one day -- often two days -- after the
molad for that calculated synodic month, PERIOD. Although I've
discovered one very peculiar instance where a 3-day delay was
unavoidably forced in Cheshvan 3789 according to these strictly-
observed overpost and holy day observance rules (see calendar at
the end of Chapter 8 for details). Note here that the correction
made by the molad zakein postponement rule pertains only to rosh
chodesh of Kislev or Shebat in any prior year, but is never
applied to rosh ha-shannah, for which its molad must occur
before the strictly-observed overpost limit of 0 hours 656 parts
before it can even be considered as a potential first day for
the civil new year, otherwise the Feast of Trumpets absolutely
MUST be delayed. But this is getting too far afield of our focus,
but I include this discussion for experts in the Hebrew calendar.
What this all means is that the ancients knew perfectly-well how
to count, thus these calendars were calculated methodically, and
years in advance well-before the days of Noah, circa 28,000 BC.
Think about it: add 29 days, 12 hours and 793 parts to the last
new moon; are YOU still within a few seconds' accuracy? Easily,
especially since this calculated synodic number can be added to
multiple months over many (calculated) lunations preceding that
month, just to make sure that the last molad wasn't "off the
mark," i.e., too far outside the overpost window for that
calculated first day of the month. Realize that the molad is an
arithmetical result of ancient astronomical computations which
continually and dynamically tracked the time of every molad
[mean lunar-solar conjunction] to within 1 day in 14,000 years,
with occasional visual confirmations serving to rectify and
calibrate potentially cumulative errors in future predictions.
The "metonic cycle" is attributed to the Athenian astronomer
Meton [c. 432 BC], based on observations made by Euctemon.
Meton's calculations were refined by the astronomer Callipus,
then by Hipparchus, et al, as the centuries passed. As myth
would have it, Meton and Euctemon were the first observers since
God's "founding of the suns" [ref. M.T. Cicero {106-43 BC}] to
recognize that 235 contiguous lunations brought the tropical-
solar year into near-perfect commensurability with the mean
lunar conjunction [molad]. But on the antediluvian time scale,
Meton & Co. were Johnny-come-latelies to astronomy & astrology,
and the "metonic cycle" has been observed for many long ages.
Common-sense reasoning helps us to understand why the scholarly
rabbanite Tobias ben Eliezer refuted the Karaites' unreasonable
demand for a predominantly lunar observation by the visible new
crescent, the erudite rabbi surmising that "intercalation [was
used] from Adam to Noah, ...to Shem, ...to Jacob, ...to Kehath,
.to Amram, the father of Moses" ... "[and] was calculated
similarly among the scattered Jews and [that] this same method
of calculation had been transmitted to the sages of his own
time, that they should also sanctify the months accordingly"
[paraphrased]. So, these calculations were sometimes confirmed
and calibrated by observation, but seldom if ever vice-versa.
This verse from Moses speaks volumes on the wisdom of Torah
calendar rules:
"Ye shall have One Law for him that sinneth through ignorance,
both for him that is born among the children of Israel, and for
the stranger that sojourneth among them."--Num 15:29 AV
Finally, this quote from Maimonides speaks pristinely about
the true astronomically-calculated lunisolar calendar:
"...the method of the fixed calendar is one which an average
school child can master in 3 or 4 days" [Hilchot Kiddush
Hachodesh 11:4].
----
Now that you've had a basic introduction to the true lunisolar
calendar and its basic principles of calculation , here are its
months summarized for convenient reference:
Month#** Hebrew Name Days per Month
1(7) Abib/Nisan* 30
2(8) Zif/Iyyar 29
3(9) Sivan* 30
4(10) Tammuz 29
5(11) Ab/Av 30
6(12) Elul 29
7(1) Ethanim/Tishri* 30
8(2) Bul/Cheshvan 29/30(optional)
9(3) Kislev 30/29(optional)
10(4) Tebet 29
11(5) Shebat 30
12(6) Adar/AdarI 29/30(leap yr.)
13(") V'Adar/AdarII 29(intercalary)
*months with holy days;
**civil month #'s in parentheses
End Historical Calendar of Jesus Chapter 5.
See Chapter 6 for Continuation...
Daniel Joseph Min
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