Min's Historical Calendar Of Jesus - Chapter 1
Dr. Min
CHAPTER 1
EZRA LEFT BABYLON bound for Jerusalem with Artaxerxes' decree
[ref. Ezra 7:6-9] on the Hebrew calendar date of 1 Abib[Nisan]
3304, which date was Tuesday, March 26, 457 BC. This "going
forth" of the decree[edict] started the prophetic clock ticking
down Daniel's 7 plus 62 weeks-of-years [49 + 434 years] to
Messiah the Prince, Jesus the Nazarene[Dan 9:24-27]. Note that
the seventh year of the achaemenid Persian king Artaxerxes was
counted beginning 1 Nisanu through 29 Addaru on the Chaldean-
Babylonian calendar, which was April 8, 458 BC through March
26, 457 BC by the old civil(proleptic Julian) calendar. But
this gentile king's seventh year was counted from 1 Tishri
3304 through 29 Elul 3304 on the ancient Hebrew civil calendar
recognized by the priesthood, placing Ezra's 7th year for king
Artaxerxes from October 2, 458 BC through September 20, 457 BC.
The astronomical data with reference to the molad[lunar-solar
conjunction] for Ezra's "first day of the first month"[Ezra 7:9]
is calculated thusly:
_______________________________________________________________
(Old VSOP87 data left intact for comparison to the newer SWEPH)
Julian Day: 1554589
Julian calendar: Tuesday, March 26, 457 BC
Jewish calendar: 1 Abib[Nisan] 3304
Sunrise: 05:44:55 AM JST; JD 1554588.65619
Sunset: 05:47:33 PM JST; JD 1554589.15802
New Moon: Mon, Mar 25, 457 BC @ 09:10:42 AM JST
Julian date: 1554587.79910; Lunation: -29421
Moon's distance: 394061 k(61.8 ER); Subtends: 0.5054 deg.
Right ascension: 23:59:48.41; Declination: -05:16:48
Azimuth: -53.004; Altitude: 36.966
Moonrise: 06:01:06 AM JST; JD 1554587.66743
Moonset: 05:54:52 PM JST; JD 1554588.16310
_______________________________________________________________
New (2003) Swiss Ephemeris:
LMT: 09:07:00 26-Mar--456
UTC: 06:10:00 26-Mar--456
TDT-UT: +16677.8 sec
Sidereal Time: 21h 00m 07s
Julian Day: 1554588.75694
Metonic calendar: 1 Nisanu 3304
Islamic calendar: yawm ath-thalatha'
30 Rajab -1111 (1948439.17=1AH)
Mayan Long count: 6.14.15.5.6
(baktun.katun.tun.uinal.kin)
Haab: 19 Xul
Tzolkin: 3 Cimi
Ezra stated that "on the first day of the fifth month" he
reached Jerusalem [Ezra 7:9]. This date was 1 Ab[Av] 3304, or
July 22, 457 BC [molad was Sun, Jul 21, 457 BC @ 11:09:38 PM JST;
JD 1554706.38169], where Ezra confirms for us that this same 5th
month[Ab] was also in "the seventh year of the king"[Ezra 7:8].
Clearly, unlike the Persians who'd counted the 7th year of their
king from 1 Nisanu that previous year [458 BC], Ezra was not
counting this gentile king's seventh year from 1 Abib[Nisan]
3303[458 BC], but was counting from the Hebrew civil calendar
new year of 1 Tishri 3304 [in the fall of 458 BC]. Ezra's "first
month" Abib was also the 7th civil calendar month Nisan of 3304,
with the fifth month of Ab placed as the 11th civil calendar
month of Av-also in 3304, thusly both months were properly
reckoned by Ezra as squarely within Artaxerxes' seventh civil
calendar year of 3304.
Ezra's "first" and "fifth" month references were to the "spring-
to-spring," 1 Abib to 1 Abib[hodesh ha-aviv] religious calendar
of the Torah, but not to the "fall-to-fall," 1 Tishri to 1
Tishri agricultural-liturgical shana observance of the Hebrew
civil calendar. This dual-aspect, or bisection of Hebrew
timekeeping methods is covered more thoroughly later.
Just remember, that morning follows evening, and so the
days with longer nights than days is in front of the days
with longer nights, and that's exactly why the vernal equinox
has always followed the autumnal equinox by calendar years.
Artaxerxes became king by Persian eponym upon his father
Xerxes'(Ahasuerus) death in mid-August of 465 BC, but the
Persians regarded this time as Artaxerxes' "accession year",
observing the custom in which the new king was to "complete"
the last regnal year of his predecessor before being declared
sovereign on the next Persian calendar new year of 1 Nisanu.
Note the similarity between the names of the Babylonian civil
calendar and the Hebrew civil calendar months given on the
following page. It is clamed that during the 70-years captivity
in Babylon [606-537 BC], the Hebrews adapted the Babylonian
calendar month names for use in the Hebrew "fall-to-fall" civil
calendar. My subsequent research has shown that distinguishing
between fall-to-fall and spring-to-spring calendar reckoning
is vastly more ancient than orthodox secular-religious science
have previously asserted, and so the dual naming convention
is probably just as ancient, antediluvian, and prehistoric,
and these month names share common Egypto-Babylonian roots.
Note also that the numbering for Babylonian calendar months
refers only indirectly to the Torah calendar numbering due to
dissimilar leap-year intercalation sequences observed by these
calendars, with the Hebrew/Jewish civil calendar numbering
given in parentheses:
Month# Babylonian Hebrew Jewish civil#
1 Nisanu Nisan (7)
2 Aiaru Iyyar (8)
3 Simanu Sivan (9)
4 Duzu Tammuz (10)
5 Abu Ab/Av (11)
6 Ululu Elul (12)
7 Tashritu Tishri (1)
8 Arahsamnu Heshvan (2)
9 Kislimu Kislev (3)
10 Tebetu Tebet (4)
11 Shabatu Shebat (5)
12 Addaru Adar (6)
13* AddaruII V'Adar/AdarII (13)
*intercalary, or leap month
Artaxerxes' accession "year" lasted about eight months, from
the late 4th, or early 5th, month[Duzu or Abu] of Xerxes' final
Persian-regnal year(the papyri place Xerxes' death between
August 4 and August 18 of 465 BC, but no precise date is given),
until 1 Nisanu of 464 BC. This chronology is also referenced in
Sir Isaac Newton's 'Observations Upon the Prophecies of Daniel'
[pp. 154-157], with historical sources firmly establishing
Artaxerxes' first regnal year in 464 BC. These include the
'Canon of Ptolemy', the 'Greek Olympiads', numerous allusions
to Persian affairs by Greek historians, and contemporaneous
business documents, all of which place the seventh Persian
civil-regnal calendar year of Artaxerxes from 1 Nisanu[April 8]
of 458 BC through 29 Addaru[March 26] of 457 BC, with these
ancient new moons recorded in 'The Venus Tablets of Ammizaduga'
[Langdon/ Fotheringham, London, 1928; see 'Babylonian Chronology
626 BC-75 AD' Parker & Dubberstein; Brown Univ. Press, 1956].
The chart on the following page lists the first ten regnal
years of the achaemenid Persian king Artakhshathra[Artaxerxes/
Longimanus], based on the new-moon(new crescent) tables of
Karl Schoch, as recorded in The Venus Tablets, which data was
painstakingly checked and recompiled by Parker & Dubberstein,
then identified by the proleptic Julian calendar year/month/date
equivalents to the 1st day of each Babylonian calendar month,
confirming their accuracy:
Artaxerxes' 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
464BC 463BC 462BC 461BC 460BC
Nisanu 04/13 04/03 04/22 04/11 03/31
Aiaru 05/13 05/02 05/21 05/10 04/30
Simanu 06/11 06/01 06/20 06/08 05/29
Duzu 07/11 06/30 07/19 07/08 06/27
Abu 08/10 07/30 08/18 08/06 07/27
Ululu 09/09 08/29 09/16 09/05 08/25
Tashritu 10/08 09/27 10/16 10/04 09/23
Arahsamnu 11/07 10/27 11/15 11/03 10/23
Kislimu 12/06 11/26 12/14 12/02 11/21
463BC 461BC 460BC
Tebetu 01/05 12/25 01/13 01/01 12/21
462BC 459BC
Shabatu 02/03 01/24 02/12 01/31 01/20
Addaru 03/04 02/22 03/12 03/01 02/19
AddaruII 03/24 03/20
6th year 7th year 8th year 9th year 10th year
459BC 458BC 457BC 456BC 455BC
Nisanu 04/19 04/08 03/27 04/15 04/04
Aiaru 05/18 05/08 04/26 05/14 05/04
Simanu 06/17 06/06 05/25 06/13 06/02
Duzu 07/16 07/06 06/24 07/13 07/02
Abu 08/15 08/04 07/24 08/11 07/31
Ululu 09/13 09/03 08/22 09/10 08/30
Tashritu 10/12 10/02 09/21 10/10 09/29
Arahsamnu 11/11 10/31 10/20 11/08 10/29
Kislimu 12/10 11/30 11/19 12/08 11/27
458BC 455BC
Tebetu 01/09 12/29 12/18 01/06 12/27
457BC 456BC 454BC
Shabatu 02/08 01/28 01/17 02/05 01/25
Addaru 03/09 02/27 02/15 03/06 02/24
AddaruII 03/16 03/25
These ancient records coincide perfectly with our calculated
molads[using the full VSOP87/ELP-2000'82 theory & SWEPH/JPL],
although these ancient lunar months were postponed in most
cases by 1 or 2 calendar days past the molad as a result of how
the new moon was determined, i.e. calculated lunation[Hebrew] or
visual new crescent [Persian], but also by dissimilar religious
calendar rules for observing the Holy Days & molad "overposts",
thus the calendar months were often delayed by 1 or 2 days in
both the Persian and Hebrew calendars. For example, Artaxerxes'
1st Persian regnal year began 2 days past the calculated molad
for that Persian calendar month of Nisanu 464 BC [the molad was
Tue, April 11, 464 BC @ 06:52:20 PM JST; JD 1552048.20301]. As
we see from the chart above, the king's first Persian-regnal
year began precisely on Thursday, April 13th, 464 BC. Using the
same molad data to ascertain the lunisolar Torah calendar
reckoning for that 1 Abib[Nisan], since the molad was well-past
the usual "overpost window" of 12 PM JST, then 1 Abib had to be
delayed until Wednesday. But Passover[14 Abib] could only fall
on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Saturday, so to have allowed
1 Abib to fall 14 days prior on a Wednesday would've forced the
Passover to fall on a Tuesday--a scenario strictly forbidden by
calendar rules! Hence, this 1 Abib was properly delayed until
Thursday, which was the very same date the Persians selected.
This is why the ancient calendar were always calculated years
in advance, so that calendars could be mapped-out ahead of time,
based on the calendar rules devised to accommodate the holidays
for each and every calendar year. We'll cover much more on the
ancient calendar rules later, but we'll begin with leap-year
intercalation. The regular 19-year interval in which the molad
is coincident with the near-equal length of day and night, which
is one to two days before the vernal equinox in the northern
hemisphere due to atmospheric aberration, this begins each 19-
year cycle of the lunisolar calendar, and is fixed regardless of
whatever leap-year sequence is selected. The X-Graph on the
following page illustrates how this sequence would theoretically
be shifted with respect to the 19-year cycle were the calendar
to remain in effect until ~25465 AD, were it not for the quasi-
periodic shifting of the polar axis and dynamic changes in
equinoctial precession. Note the Ionian modality of inter-
calation, since W-W-H-W-W-W-H translates as 3-3-2-3-3-3-2:
Sequence 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3
| |
3,5,8,11,14,16,19..X.X..X..X..X.X..X
2,4,7,10,13,15,18 .X.X..X..X..X.X..X.
1,3,6, 9,12,14,17 X.X..X..X..X.X..X..
2,5,8,11,13,16,19 .X..X..X..X.X..X..X
1,4,7,10,12,15,18 X..X..X..X.X..X..X.
3,6,9,11,14,17,19 ..X..X..X.X..X..X.X
2,5,8,10,13,16,18 .X..X..X.X..X..X.X.
1,4,7, 9,12,15,17 X..X..X.X..X..X.X..
3,6,8,11,14,16,19 ..X..X.X..X..X.X..X
2,5,7,10,13,15,18 .X..X.X..X..X.X..X.
1,4,6, 9,12,14,17 X..X.X..X..X.X..X..
3,5,8,11,13,16,19 ..X.X..X..X.X..X..X
2,4,7,10,12,15,18 .X.X..X..X.X..X..X.
1,3,6, 9,11,14,17 X.X..X..X.X..X..X..
2,5,8,10,13,16,19 .X..X..X.X..X..X..X
1,4,7, 9,12,15,18 X..X..X.X..X..X..X.
3,6,8,11,14,17,19 ..X..X.X..X..X..X.X <= Modern
2,5,7,10,13,16,18 Ancient seq.=> .X..X.X..X..X..X.X. seq.
1,4,6, 9,12,15,17 X..X.X..X..X..X.X..
3,5,8,11,14,16,19 ..X.X..X..X..X.X..X
| |
3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3
Note the distinctive one-year shift between the ancient and
modern leap-month intercalation sequence observed for the Hebrew
calendar. There's a simple rule for calculating whether any
given Hebrew calendar year was a leap year from c. 1591 BC to
the present: Any year after 3921[160-161 AD] is counted as a
leap year when its value divided by 19 leaves a remainder of 0,
3, 6, 8, 11, 14, or 17; but any year before 3921 is a leap year
only if its value divided by 19 leaves a remainder of 2, 5, 7,
10, 13, 16 or 18. For example, the year 5760 (1999-2000 AD) is
a leap year because 5760 divided by 19 leaves a remainder of 3,
which also makes this the 3rd year of that 19-year lunisolar
cycle, counted as the 304th so-called "metonic" cycle of the
proleptic Hebrew calendar, although the astronomer Meton was no-
where near the first to discover the lunisolar cycle, as evi-
dence has shown that this calculation dates at least back to the
days of Adam ~200,000 BC. To determine if the Hebrew civil calendar
year 3791 [30-31 AD] was a leap year, 3791 is before 3921, so 3791
divided by 19 leaves a remainder of 10, and so was a leap year,
and was the 10th year of that lunisolar cycle, "#200" in the
proleptic Hebrew calendar, called "proleptic" since the Hebrew
year "1" was reckoned as Tishri 1, 0001, or Monday, September 7,
3761 BC, with its molad 9:50 AM JST[JD 347967.826] by the Gre-
gorian calendar. Simply adding this arbitrary "year 1 constant"
of 3761 to any Gregorian calendar year (up to circa 25,000 AD)
gives us the proleptic Hebrew calendar equivalent; e.g., adding
3761 to 1999 AD gives us the Hebrew civil calendar year 5760.
Rosh ha-Shannah or New Year's Day in the Hebrew civil calendar
was Saturday, September 11, 1999 [molad on Thursday, September
9, 1999 AD @11:44:58 PM JST {JD 2451431.40623}].
Again, don't forget that the day began at sunset on the previous
day in ancient Hebrew calendar, typically counted as 6 PM local
timezone for the modern Jewish calendar. The traditional Jewish
"first year of creation" 3761 BC is an entirely arbitrary date,
since the Earth is certainly many millions - probably billions -
of solar years young, although radiocarbon dating and other
quasi-scientific methods are not exactly foolproof, either.
It is of critical importance to understand that when the Bible
states that "so&so" was begat by[ben] "such&such", more often
than not this meant that "so&so" was the grandson, or was the
great grandson, or was the great- great-to-the-nth grandson
of "such&such"! While in a trance state, the world-renowned
"seer" Edgar Cayce stated that Noah's Flood occurred around
28,000 BC. That's practically yesterday in the long-forgotten
annals of antediluvian prehistory, thus is a perfectly logical,
reasonable and recent dating for Noah and the greatest flood in
since men walked the Earth. While God promised not to flood the
entire planet again, widespread, catastrophic flooding still
occurs, and a global-wide cataclysm --i.e. the Tribulation--
is presently occurring [cf. Mat 24:14-22,32-39; UPDATE: since
9/11/2001, WWIII has officially been underway]. But let's get
back to Ezra's "7th year" for king Artaxerxes. The chart on the
following page lists the proleptic Hebrew/Jewish civil calendar
years beginning each lunisolar cycle from the captivity through
Simon III's leap-year postponement in 160-61 AD:
Lunisolar Gregorian Hebrew
Cycle# Year Year
167 - 607 BC - 3155
168 - 588 BC - 3174
169 - 569 BC - 3193
170 - 550 BC - 3212
171 - 531 BC - 3231
172 - 512 BC - 3250
173 - 493 BC - 3269
174 - 474 BC - 3288
175 - 455 BC - 3307
176 - 436 BC - 3326
177 - 417 BC - 3345
178 - 398 BC - 3364
179 - 379 BC - 3383
180 - 360 BC - 3402
181 - 341 BC - 3421
182 - 322 BC - 3440
183 - 303 BC - 3459
184 - 284 BC - 3478
185 - 265 BC - 3497
186 - 246 BC - 3516
187 - 227 BC - 3535
188 - 208 BC - 3554
189 - 189 BC - 3573
190 - 170 BC - 3592
191 - 151 BC - 3611
192 - 132 BC - 3630
193 - 113 BC - 3649
194 - 94 BC - 3668
195 - 75 BC - 3687
196 - 56 BC - 3706
197 - 37 BC - 3725
198 - 18 BC - 3744
199 - 2 AD - 3763
200 - 21 AD - 3782
201 - 40 AD - 3801
202 - 59 AD - 3820
203 - 78 AD - 3839
204 - 97 AD - 3858
205 - 116 AD - 3877
206 - 135 AD - 3896
207 - 154 AD - 3915
208 - 173 AD - 3934
Note that the 1st day of the Torah calendar month Abib [hodesh
ha-aviv] only roughly coincided(i.e. ~ 50 days) with the barley
being "in the ear" of old tradition, but the Torah calendar
rules mandated that Passover --always 14 Abib-- must occur no
earlier than two days before the spring equinox, but also, the
Day of Pentecost must occur *before* summer, and always on a
Monday, on the 7th, 9th, 11th or 13th of the 3rd month Sivan.
This is why the leap-year intercalation sequence was forced to
be postponed during the patriarchate of the grandson of Simeon
ben Gamaliel I, Simon III(a.k.a. Simeon ben Gamaliel II r. 135-
175 AD) in 161 AD[see chapter 5]. Note that the grandson of
rabban Gamaliel "the Elder" was Gamaliel II(Sanhedrin president
c. 80-115 AD); this title was also ascribed to Gamaliel I,
Simeon b. G.I., G.II.,(Simeon b. G.II.), GIII[Aboth 2.2], and
finally to Johanan ben Zaccai, although he was not a descendent
of Gamaliel, but was a student of Hillel nonetheless. But these
six leaders of the school of Hillel were not successive, since
rabban Johanan ben Zaccai overlapped G.I. and Simeon b. G.I.,
who together cosigned an encyclical on tithes, for example, as
described in Midrash Tannaim. While Talmudic references such
as those cited herein are helpful and supportive, they are not
canonical. But the oldest parts of the Talmud are most reliable.
Continuing... since the reign of the gentile kings was always
reckoned from the first "1 Tishri" in the Hebrew civil calendar
which fell within the first regnal year of that gentile king,
Ezra properly counted Artaxerxes' seventh regnal year as from
1 Tishri 3304 through 29 Elul 3304 by the Hebrew civil calendar,
which corresponds to October 2, 458 BC through September 20,
457 BC. In diametric opposition, the reign of Hebrew kings
was counted from 1 Abib, not from 1 Tishri, as even the semi-
authoritative Talmud agrees [Mas Avodah Zarah 10], but the
Hebrew Canon is the final written authority before our Lord
Jesus and our Heavenly Father, thus any Talmudic references are
properly deemed helpful at best. But neither should we throw the
baby out with the bathwater, as there's much history, wisdom and
insight to be gleaned from the Talmud. The Talmud is a diverse
compendium of verbose commentary made by various teachers [Heb.
rabbis] rooted in written traditions and encyclicals, infused
with smatterings of frequently bizarre oral traditions covering
a very wide variety of topics, none of which commentary should
ever be confused with the sound doctrine of the Hebrew Canon.
Caution is indeed the watchword when scrutinizing the validity
and historicity of any noncanonical sources. With that said...
Note where Nehemiah makes reference to "the month Nisan, in the
twentieth year [445-444 BC] of Artaxerxes the king" [Neh 13:6],
where the month is named instead of numbered. This was the
seventh month of the king's 20th year according to the Hebrew
civil calendar, thus Nehemiah's reference to Nisan is in 444--
not 445-- BC. Nehemiah was an important government official and
cupbearer to Artaxerxes, who came to Jerusalem in the capacity
of civil governor to Judea. The historian Josephus noted that
"Nehemiah...lived to great age, and governed Judah the rest of
his life"[beyond his 12-year appointment]. Nehemiah records that
"Ezra the priest brought the law before the congregation both of
men and women, and all that could hear with understanding, upon
the first day of the seventh month"[Neh 8:2]. Here, Nehemiah
makes reference to the seventh month, which he conspicuously
numbers instead of naming it, clearly in reference to the
seventh lunisolar Torah calendar month of Ethanim [Tishri].
Just as the Hebrew day is counted by "evening and morning",
divided by the Earth's rotation and orbit with respect to the
Sun, the Hebrew year is similarly divided by the spring and
fall equinoxes, with a "1:1" correspondence of Holy Days:
1 Abib[New Moon]/1 Tishri[Rosh Hashanah]; 10 Abib[lamb
selected]/10 Tishri[Atonement]; Feast of Unleavened Bread
[15- 21 Abib]/Tabernacles[15-21 Tishri], and so on. Also,
Passover[14 Abib] is the first day of that eight-day feast,
with the Last Great Day [22 Tishri] marking the eighth day;
it is not difficult to see the "equinoctial balance" here.
Further proof of this Hebrew "fall-to-fall" reckoning for the
gentile kings is demonstrated by the Elephantine KR6 papyrus.
Elephantine was founded as a military colony in the 6th century
BC in southern Egypt, on an island in the Nile near Aswan.
Aramaic-speaking Jews constructed a temple there in 525 BC.
About a century ago, numerous papyri were unearthed, many of
which are dated(some double-dated) from 471 to 402 BC, dates
which are useful for comparing these ancient Egyptian, Persian
and Hebrew civil calendars, and also for establishing certain
facts about them, including how that the Hebrew calendar
observed the "fall-to-fall" civil-regnal years for gentile
kings, and not the "spring-to-spring" civil-regnal calendar of
the Persians. Notably, the Elephantine Jews also used Babylonian
month names as did Ezra, Nehemiah, et al, but in their Aramaic
form. Similar to Hebrew and Arabic, Semitic Aramaic derived its
ancient alphabet from the North Semitic(Phoenician) script of
pre- 10th-9th centuries BC which is proto-Semitic in origin. By
the Neo-Babylonian period of the prophet Daniel's writings,
Aramaic was already in use throughout Mesopotamia, and was the
lingua franca of the Near East. In 539 BC, the Imperial (i.e.
improved) Aramaic was adopted as the official language of the
Persian Empire, which by then was in common use from Egypt to
India. Continuing, the Elephantine Kraeling 6 papyrus had but
one year listed, the 3rd year of Darius II(Nothius). The Hebrew
civil date was rendered as Tammuz 8, but the Egyptian was
Pharmuthi 8. Because these dates fell on July 11th or 12th of
that year, the year was 420 BC, in the Egyptian year 4. The
Aramaic AP25/AP28 papyri agree, as does the Canon of Ptolemy,
thus it was also the Persian year 4. But, since the Hebrew
civil calendar month of Tammuz is several months after
Nisan(which you'll recall is the seventh month in the Hebrew
civil calendar), then only the fall-to-fall shana reckoning
reconciles the civil calendar date with the year 420 BC as
the 3rd -- not 4th -- year of Darius II, since Darius II's
first regnal year was counted from 1 Nisanu of 423 BC.
Every historical evidence examined shows that Ezra counted
Artaxerxes' first gentile-regnal year from 1 Tishri 3298,
which date fell on Saturday, October 7, 464 BC [molad Fri,
Oct 6, 464 BC @ 04:44:39 AM JST; JD 1552225.61434].
As an added reference, the following chart lists rulers from
Daniel's time to the end of the Persian empire, emphasizing each
ruler's time of greatest or empirical rule, citing historically-
identified aliases and ignoring eponymic "accession periods"
where applicable for clarity and brevity. Notably, two of the
ancient astronomical texts referenced by Sir Isaac Newton
pinpointed the 7th year of Cambyses at 523- 22 BC, confirming
the 1st year of Cyrus II at 538 BC. Another document, the
VAT4956, placed the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar at 569-
568 BC, with his 1st year from 606 to 605 BC:
Nabopolassar r. 625-604
Nebuchadnezzar r. 606-561
Evil-Merodach r. 561-560
Neriglissar r. 559-556
Labash-Marduk r. 556
Nabonidus(retired king) r. 555--538
Belshazzar(prince/son of Nab.) r. 540-538(end Babylonian emp.)
Cyrus II b. 590----------r. 538--529(1st Pers. king)
Darius(Gobryas/Cyaxares/Daniel's "Darius the Mede")...
b. 600------------r. 538-536(viceroy Chaldea)
- - - ----------------------- (post-exilic) ------------------------
Cambyses II(Artaxerxes, son-Cyrus II) r. 529-522(d.)
Bardiya(Smerdis, son of Artax., usurper) r.522-521
Darius I(Hystaspes) b. 550-----------r. 521-485
Xerxes(Ahasuerus) r. 485-465
Artaxerxes I(Longimanus) r. 465----425
Xerxes r. 424
Darius II(Nothius) r. 423-405
Artaxerxes II(Mnemon) r. 405-358
Artaxerxes III(Ochus) r. 358-338
Arses r. 338-335
Darius III(Codomanus) r. 335-331
(last of Persian kings, Codomanus was defeated by Alexander
the Great in 331 BC at the battle of Arbela, near Nineveh.)
The Hebrew civil calendar year of 458-457 BC was the 17th year
of a 19-year metonic cycle [proleptic #174], thus was not a
leap year. The calendar below accurately depicts Ezra's true
reckoning for the seventh year of the gentile king Artaxerxes,
the 49th civil calendar year approaching the 50th: the Year
of Jubilee 3305 w/ many emancipated captives out of Babylon:
--------- HEBREW/JEWISH CIVIL CALENDAR YEAR 3304 ---------
Tishri 3304
molad: Sat, Sep 30, 458 BC @ 11:18:14 AM JST
(Julian date 1554410.88766)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10* 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
*Day of Atonement[Yom Kipper]in a Jubilee Year.
Once every 50th year, this was the highest of
sabbaths of all Hebrew old covenant holy days;
Jesus taught us to embrace His spiritual path,
also called "the Acceptable Year of the Lord".
Cheshvan 3304
molad: Sun, Oct 29, 458 BC @ 08:22:54 PM JST
(Julian date 1554440.26590)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29
Kislev 3304
molad: Tue, Nov 28, 458 BC @ 06:06:39 AM JST
(Julian date 1554469.67128)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
Tebet 3304
molad: Wed, Dec 27, 458 BC @ 04:52:59 PM JST
(Julian date 1554499.12013)
S M T W T F S
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29
Shebat 3304
molad: Fri, Jan 26, 457 BC @ 04:56:13 AM JST
(Julian date 1554528.62237)
S M T W T F S
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30
Adar 3304
molad: Sat, Feb 24, 457 BC @ 06:23:32 PM JST
(Julian date 1554558.18301)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29
Nisan 3304
molad: Mon, Mar 25, 457 BC @ 09:10:42 AM JST
(Julian date 1554587.79910)
S M T W T F S
1* 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14+ 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
*49th ecclesiastical sabbath of sabbaths year
upon which date Ezra left Babylon [Ezra 7:6-9].
Exactly 483 years later was John the Baptist's
30th birthday, when he began "preaching the baptism
of repentance for the remission of sins"[Luke 3:1-23].
+Passover, April 8
Iyyar 3304
molad: Wed, Apr 24, 457 BC @ 12:54:49 AM JST
(Julian date 1554617.45473)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29
Sivan 3304
molad: Thu, May 23, 457 BC @ 04:56:18 PM JST
(Julian date 1554647.12243)
S M T W T F S
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11* 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
*Pentecost, June 3
Tammuz 3304
molad: Sat, Jun 22, 457 BC @ 08:32:32 AM JST
(Julian date 1554676.77259)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6* 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29
+summer solstice June 28
Av 3304
molad: Sun, Jul 21, 457 BC @ 11:09:38 PM JST
(Julian date 1554706.38169)
S M T W T F S
1* 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
*Ezra arrived in Jerusalem[Ezra 7:9];
Exactly 483 years plus one synodic
month later was Jesus' 30th birthday.
Elul 3304
molad: Tue, Aug 20, 457 BC 12:28:36 PM JST
(Julian date 1554735.93653)
S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29
---- HEBREW/JEWISH 50TH/JUBILEE CALENDAR YEAR 3305 ----
Tishri 3305
molad: Thu, Sep 19, 457 BC @ 12:29:51 AM JST
(Julian date 1554765.43740)
S M T W T F S
1* 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
*Ezra's 1st New Year "Rosh ha-Shannah" in Jerusalem
was Thursday, September 19, 457 BC, a Jubilee year.
Exactly 483 years later Jesus-Christ gets baptised
along the river Jordan thus commencing His ministry:
"to preach the acceptable year of the Lord
This day is this scripture fulfilled in
your ears..." --ref. Luke 4:18-21ff AV
End Historical Calendar of Jesus Chapter 1.
See Chapter 2 for Continuation...
Daniel Joseph Min
*Min's Compleat Tarot Manual:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=DYR1OZ323776...@Gilgamesh-frog.org
*Min's Light & Sound:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=HIDW4JQJ3776...@Gilgamesh-frog.org
*Min's Astronomical Observations:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=ZZ5B1I203785...@Gilgamesh-frog.org
*Min's Planetary Awareness Technique (chapters 1 thru 8):
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=8RBH94E43787...@anonymous.poster
*Min's Official PGP Public Key on the MIT server:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=3XWB7QJO377...@Gilgamesh-frog.org
*Min's Home Page On The World Wide Web:
http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=0XNKAO4L3777...@Gilgamesh-frog.org
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQA/AwUBP2ZotJljD7YrHM/nEQLH3ACgoVZ4uLEFoZgllSRMirNjoW/l66AAnjOO
H42QBKFBPmW0iiXp9HNx6l7r
=tINW
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This message was posted via one or more anonymous remailing services.
The original sender is unknown. Any address shown in the From header
is unverified.