plotting data against a time axis
John Hunter
Gerrit> Hi, I have a dictionairy containing DateTime objects as
Gerrit> keys and integers as values. What would be the easiest way
Gerrit> to create a simple plot of these, with a number axis
Gerrit> versus a time axis? What library is the most suitable for
Gerrit> this? 'plot' on parnassus yields 18 hits, but since I have
Gerrit> zero experience, I don't know where to start. What makes
Gerrit> it difficult is that I have a time axis instead of a
Gerrit> simple integer x-axis. Gnuplot doesn't seem to be able to
Gerrit> do this, or does it?
There are a lot of good plotting libraries out there. I'll pitch
mine. http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net supports a wide range of 2D
plotting capabilities with high quality output. It doesn't accept
datetime instances natively (as most plot libs won't), but you can
convert them to numbers and plot the numbers on the xaxis. Then
you'll want to use the datetime format string methods to create the
ticklabels and set them manually.
Here's an example that generates a bar plot of counts versus day of
month (I'm assuming your using python2.3's datetime class, but
mx.DateTime would work the same way).
from datetime import date
from matplotlib.matlab import plot, show, title, \
xlabel, ylabel, set, gca, bar, savefig
d = {date(2003,11,1) : 12,
date(2003,11,2) : 20,
date(2003,11,5) : 20,
date(2003,11,9) : 18,
date(2003,11,12) : 2,
}
# create a list of key,val items so you can sort by date
dates = [ (date, count) for date, count in d.items()]
dates.sort()
dates, counts = zip(*dates) # split to two lists
days = [date.day for date in dates] # get the day
bar(days, counts) # bar plot of days vs counts
set(gca(), 'xticks', days) # force the ticks to fall on the days
xlabel('Nov day')
ylabel('count')
show()
You could also do 'plot' instead of 'bar'.
If you need to do fancier formatting of the tick labels, as you
probably do, you can use the set_xticklabels command to format the
ticklabels
from datetime import date
from matplotlib.matlab import plot, show, title, \
xlabel, ylabel, set, gca, bar, savefig
d = {date(2003,11,1) : 12,
date(2003,11,2) : 20,
date(2003,11,5) : 20,
date(2003,11,9) : 18,
date(2003,11,12) : 2,
}
dates = [ (date, count) for date, count in d.items()]
dates.sort()
labels = [date.strftime('%b %d') for date, count in dates]
dates, counts = zip(*dates) # split to two lists
days = [date.day for date in dates] # get the day
plot(days, counts)
set(gca(), 'xticks', days) # force the ticks to fall on the days
set(gca(), 'xticklabels', labels) # force the ticks to fall on the days
ylabel('count')
show()
matplotlib currently works under GUI frameworks pygtk and wxpython,
and can work 'offline' for batch processing with postscript and
gdmodule outputs.
Other good alternatives for plotting are chaco, xplt, gnuplot, pyx,
and more.... See also
http://www.python.org/topics/scicomp/plotting.html
Hope this helps!
John Hunter