How to type Chinese characters?
Judy Bolton
--
Judy B, Rochester, NY
Remove SPAM to reply
Chris
>and uses thousands of symbols instead, how does one type it? Hope the =
>question is not too "silly" for you folks
I've only typed in Japanese, but I believe it works on the same principle in
typing Chinese.
There are a couple of ways to type in Japanese, one is using a Kana (Japanese
syllabary) keyboard the other is using a Romanization one. I use the latter.
Chinese may use Pinyin or Bopomofo, and others if I'm not mistaken. Group of
words that have that sound and a kanji (Chinese character) to choose from.
Let's say I want to write the word dragon. So I type in RYUU. So I get a number
of different kanji that are pronounced RYUU. The meanings I get are sink,
grain, and detain - among others even Romanized words! So I go down the list
and find DRAGON. And then I repeat the process for other words.
Download the Chinese input method editor at Microsoft so you can play around
with it yourself.. :)
--Chris
http://members.aol.com/vanish8080/rplanguages.html
http://home.san.rr.com/bikol
Dylan Sung
Chris wrote in message <20020427133631...@mb-mc.aol.com>...
:>My question is about Chinese... Since it doesn't use a phonetic alphabet =
:>and uses thousands of symbols instead, how does one type it? Hope the =
:>question is not too "silly" for you folks
:
:I've only typed in Japanese, but I believe it works on the same principle
in
:typing Chinese.
:
:There are a couple of ways to type in Japanese, one is using a Kana
(Japanese
:syllabary) keyboard the other is using a Romanization one. I use the
latter.
:Chinese may use Pinyin or Bopomofo, and others if I'm not mistaken. Group
of
:words that have that sound and a kanji (Chinese character) to choose from.
I was just reading Ken Lunde's CJKV Information Processing this evening, and
he comments that there a study made which found over 500 different Chinese
character inputs developed over the years.
Chinese input can be based on several methods:
1 traditional indexing methods as employed in character dictionaries
2 pronunciation
3 by shape (1) at the corners
4 by shape (2) makeup of the characters
5 by list
Radicals Index
In the first category, we have the Chinese "radicals" otherwise known as
symbolics which have been around for hundreds of years. The most often
quoted is the Kangxi radicals which have been around for almost 400 years.
There are 214 of them. Newer dictionaries have other numbers of radicals.
You must locate the radical part in the character, select from a chart or
list in the IME of the radicals, the count the remaining number of
penstrokes.
By pronunciation
Most often, and probably the most widely distributed are the Mandarin ones.
For Simplified Chinese, windows uses the Pinyin input. For Traditional
Chinese, bopomofo = zhuyin fuhao is used. Pinyin uses the letters of the
alphabet to romanise sounds of Mandarin (putonghua). Zhuyin are a set of
specially created characters, developed as far back as the early Chinese
republic. They have characters for initial sounds, medials and rhymes, and
together with tonemark, there are a maximum of four keys. The most commonly
used layout has the initials on the left of the keyboard, three medials
reside on the keys u,j and m representing i, u and ü, with the right of
the board concerned with the rhymes used in Mandarin. The tones are situated
on the number keys on a qwerty kbd.
However, Mandarin isn't the only input used, as there have been various
inputs based on the sounds of other Chinese languages such as Cantonese and
Hakka, and each of these may have several types. For instance Cantonese may
have jyutpin input, Sidney Lau or some others...
By Shape (1) at corners
Back in the early nineteen twenties, a method of indexing characters by the
appearance of the corners of the characters was developed and called the
Four Corner Index or SiJiao HaoMa. It uses the number 0 through to 9 and
assigns each number a type of character stroke or other property which is
associated with it. So for the character long2 meaning dragon, to carry on
with Chris' example, the index number is 0121. The digits represent the top
left, top right, bottom left and bottom right respectively of the character.
By Shape (2) character makeup
These depend on the shape of the components of a character. For Traditional
Chinese, there is the Cangjie (aka Changjei) input method. The Cangjie
keyboard is overlaid ontop of the qwerty keyboard for every letter other
than z. Each key is given a mnemonic name, and each mnemonic has multiple
elements which appear as components in a Chinese characters. Together with
some rules for input, it uses no more than five keys for input. For
Simplified Chinese, there is the WuBi method, which uses a similar
situation, though the mnemonics are different, and has some basis on the
types of penstrokes associated with its name (WuBi=five pen(stroke types)).
The beauty of these types of inputs is that you do not need to know the
pronunciation of a character to be able to input it.
By List
This is perhaps the most labourious of the lot. You have to look up tables
to find the character, and then again, it may not have been incorporated.
When I was filling some forms in China some while ago, they used the
Standard Telegraph Codes. Though there is an equivalent for traditional
characters, each are supposedly the same, it isn't user friendly. They had a
book in which the characters were listed by pronunciation, total stroke
number, and by radicals.
Also, characters which one sees on the screens are there because they've
been selected to appear. In the Big5 code for traditional characters, there
are just over 13000 characters. Where you have a table handy, you can enter
codepoints, but this is even more laborious, since thesere are serveral
thousand more character here than in the telegraph codes... Likewise for
Japanese and Korean encodings, you could enter, say a Shift-Jis code, or say
a KX code
:Let's say I want to write the word dragon. So I type in RYUU. So I get a
number
:of different kanji that are pronounced RYUU. The meanings I get are sink,
:grain, and detain - among others even Romanized words! So I go down the
list
:and find DRAGON. And then I repeat the process for other words.
Mandarin PinYin long2
Mandarin Zhuyin xj/6 (which is l + u + eng + tone_2)
Cantonese lung
Hakka liung
4 corner index 0121(with an additional 1 for a more refined five digit
input)
Cangjie ybysp
WuBi has the simplified character for dragon, dx
KangXi Radical 16 stroke with zero residual stroke, or radical number 212
Telegraph 7893
Unicode 龍 (which is hexadecimal 0x9F8D ) (traditional)
Unicode 龙 (which is hexadecimal 0x9F99 ) (simplified)
Unicode 竜 (which is hexadecimal 0x7ADC ) (Japanese simpl.)
Big5 hex C073
*GB 3390
*JIS 4621 (J.simpl.) or 4622 (J.trad)
*KX 5503
*these aren't in hex, but in row and position.
The Unicode site http://www.unicode.org will have a lot more information
than that.
:Download the Chinese input method editor at Microsoft so you can play
around
:with it yourself.. :)
:
Yes, have a go. I would suggest NJStar Communicator as it has a great number
of lookup methods. http://www.njstar.com
For an overview of Cangjie - the basics, I've recently completed a page in
English:
http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/methods/cangjie.htm
which I hope may be helpful. A description of the four corner method can
also be found somewhere on my site, and Wubi can be found by a quick google
search for wubixing.
Cheers,
Dyl.
Peter T. Daniels
> Chinese input can be based on several methods:
>
> 1 traditional indexing methods as employed in character dictionaries
> 2 pronunciation
> 3 by shape (1) at the corners
> 4 by shape (2) makeup of the characters
> 5 by list
So Dylan, have you ever looked at Jim McCawley's *Eater's Guide to
Chinese Characters*? (Chicago, OP, unfortunately.) He introduces a
character-identification method that he says is better for someone who
doesn't want to do more than read menus, but I find it horribly
complicated plus it doesn't work. It seems to be a variety of (3).
--
Peter T. Daniels gram...@att.net
Brian M. Scott
>Dylan Sung wrote:
I'd have said that it was a variety of (4), since the first step is
determining whether the character can be decomposed into a left, top,
or enclosing piece plus the remainder. I don't use it often enough to
find it easy, but it's worked for me whenever the character has been
in his glossary.
Brian
Dylan Sung
Brian M. Scott wrote in message <3ccb7773...@enews.newsguy.com>...
:On Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:39:27 GMT, "Peter T. Daniels"
:<gram...@att.net> wrote:
:
:>Dylan Sung wrote:
:
:>> Chinese input can be based on several methods:
:
:>> 1 traditional indexing methods as employed in character dictionaries
:>> 2 pronunciation
:>> 3 by shape (1) at the corners
:>> 4 by shape (2) makeup of the characters
:>> 5 by list
:
:>So Dylan, have you ever looked at Jim McCawley's *Eater's Guide to
:>Chinese Characters*? (Chicago, OP, unfortunately.) He introduces a
James D. McCawley died from a heart attack in April 1999, just three months
after my father. We have a copy of his book in our central library in town.
Its got a black cover with picture on the front, paperback, pocketsized I
would say.
:>character-identification method that he says is better for someone who
:>doesn't want to do more than read menus, but I find it horribly
:>complicated plus it doesn't work.
Hmm, I'll have to get it out again and have a thorough look at why it
doesn't work. :) I recall having a similar feeling when I began to use it.
The information is wonderful though. It contains a lot of yitizi or variant
characters, plus other coined ones IIRC.
:>It seems to be a variety of (3).
:
:I'd have said that it was a variety of (4), since the first step is
:determining whether the character can be decomposed into a left, top,
:or enclosing piece plus the remainder. I don't use it often enough to
:find it easy, but it's worked for me whenever the character has been
:in his glossary.
Something similar appears in the Rose-Innes dictionary on Chinese-Japanese
characters published by Dover I think. I don't have it, so can't check.
I wonder what you folks think most suitable as a look-up of characters for
someone who doesn't read Chinese but want to find out some meanings. It
probably will have to be based on something of a similiar vein to McCawley's
I think.
Dyl.
Peter T. Daniels
> I wonder what you folks think most suitable as a look-up of characters for
> someone who doesn't read Chinese but want to find out some meanings. It
> probably will have to be based on something of a similiar vein to McCawley's
> I think.
Since a priori I won't know a radical from a phonetic, I'd want
something that simply parsed each character left-to-right, top-to-bottom
(or whatever). If you already have to know a character's meaning and/or
pronunciation to look it up, then the list isn't very helpful!
Also no counting of strokes, since one often can't tell what counts as
one or two strokes.
Brian M. Scott
<gram...@att.net> wrote:
[...]
>Also no counting of strokes, since one often can't tell what counts as
>one or two strokes.
While granting the difficulty, I don't see any good alternative. And
I found that with a bit of practice I could count pretty accurately
(for McCawley's scheme, anyway) as long as the characters were close
to standard printed forms.
Brian
Peter T. Daniels
That's a whole other can of worms! (As it were.) He does point out that
the papers taped to the wall are sometimes cursive and utterly
impenetrable.
OTOH, whenever we went to a restaurant, he would poll the table for its
wants and write it out for the waiter so there was no problem with
"dialect" or his own impenetrable (in any language) accent (which was
Glaswegian overlaid with Chicago, whither he emigrated at age 5,
overlaid with a serious stammer -- when he presented a paper, even his
LSA Presidential Address, he would never look up from the page and never
pause for anything, including laughter, presumably as a technique for
conquering the stammer).
The never-pausing-for-anything carried over into his Lieder
accompanying, which could be quite frustrating to the singer who was
trying to sight-read a totally new piece!
Andrew Lewis
computer. Special software could be created. Make a list of characters
with the most often used at the top of the list. The most often used
is given the number one, the second most often used is number two, and
so on. We have eight fingers and two thumbs and so a special keyboard
could be constructed which would allow you to press any of the ten
digits without taking fingers off keys. You would need a key to tell
when you have finished one number, but that could be a foot pedal.
Audio-typists use foot pedals all the time. The corresponding
character would appear on the screen.
Obviously people would have to be specially trained to do this. You
would be surprised how often the commonest words are used. I think in
English the figures are 50% of the words used are the 49 most used,
and 25% of the words used are the 9 most used. I'm sure people could
type Chinese this way faster than I am typing English now.
Sebastian Hew
An eminently impractical suggestion, at least, for the the man on the
Clapham omnibus. Imagine if you had to learn a code for every English word
(or morpheme), even if the shortest codes do correspond to the most
frequently occuring words. This is how the Telegraph Code system for Chinese
entry worked, but, hardly practical for the masses.
Sebastian.
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
You know they invent a new food pedal for driving? These is only one piece,
instead of two or three, to brake, you just have to stomp your food hard,
braking distances could be gain.
Instead of this:
http://www.brakeinfo.com/graphics/webready/pedal.jpg
You have this:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/tw/2002/images/mar27pedal.jpg
http://www.google.com/search?as_q=Sven+Gustafsson+pedal&num=100&hl=en&btnG=Google+Search&lr=lang_en
Dylan Sung
Sebastian Hew wrote in message
<3ccd553f$0$15477$afc3...@news.optusnet.com.au>...
:"Andrew Lewis" <gdv...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
The Chinese telegraphy code for a single character consists of four digits,
and each four digit code represents a Chinese character. The characters were
nearly all listed in KangXi dicitionary radical order, though there are some
odd ones which stand out as not being so, like 0026 which has a 'gold
radical' which should really feature later in the sequence. Not to knock it
though, since it is used in HK before the Handover and in China still as a
convenient way to store information about names. Hong Kong Identity Cards
has the name of the bearer in both Chinese and a rendering in romanised
form, then there are four digit telegraphy codes which are the counterparts
of the names.
Unlike English, Chinese has way too many frequently used characters that
makes Andrew Lewis' idea impractical. This evening, I have been looking at
some studies on character frequencies. Do a google search for the author Jun
Da and with something like Chinese character frequency. He has looked at
some online Chinese texts and collated some statistics on the most frequent
characters, taking running text in the millions of characters and extracting
out the unique characters used and how often they appeared.
The top 91.3% of the characters total around 1200 characters out of a sample
of some 6500 unique characters. The remaining 4300 characters thus makes up
the rest of the 8.7%. School children in Hong Kong learn around 2600
characters in the first six years of their education, which gives them a
98.6774% command of characters in written texts, so they can just about
tackle anything, the remaining characters they learn when as then they
encounter them. Folks reckon that around 4800 hanzi are known by the college
graduate before s/he enters university. This gives a cumulative frequency of
99.9604%. Though I'm probably not using these statistics in the correct way,
one can get a rough measure of the effort it must take for that extra
several percentage points.
Given the numbers, two hands and a pedal look kinda underated, but with the
eight fingers I use, (don't much use my thumbs to type...) those inputs I
mentioned earlier, in particular pinyin and cangjie are helpful inputs,
especially if the software which accompanies it allows me to shorthand
entries like zhongguo renmin gongheguo as being zhgrmghg in the input line
in pinyin (zh because it is a Chinese initial).
For new entries, say if I wanted to input Hu JinTao, I would type hujintao
once, select the characters, and the software will automatically include
it in a user dictionary which I can simply call up next time as hjt. Like
I say, good software tends to get rid of the drugery of inputting one
character at a time. Reminds me of someone talking about why they used to
employ so many mathematicians in the early days of computing and entering
things in binary...
I'm gonna be busy for some time, so see ya folks.
Lee Sau Dan
Peter> Since a priori I won't know a radical from a phonetic, I'd
Peter> want something that simply parsed each character
Peter> left-to-right, top-to-bottom (or whatever). If you already
Peter> have to know a character's meaning and/or pronunciation to
Peter> look it up, then the list isn't very helpful!
Peter> Also no counting of strokes, since one often can't tell
Peter> what counts as one or two strokes.
The 4-corner lookup method comes in handy in such circumstances. No
stroke counting, and hence saves much time. No need to know the
pronuncation, as 4-corner is completely shape based. You don't even
have to worry how to break up the character into parts: left/right?
top/bottom? 4-corner, as its name implies, use the 4 corners. I
learnt it in an hour by self-studying with a dictionary. However, I
know Chinese already.
--
Lee Sau Dan 李守敦(Big5) ~{@nJX6X~}(HZ)
E-mail: dan...@informatik.uni-freiburg.de
Home page: http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~danlee
Lee Sau Dan
Chris> There are a couple of ways to type in Japanese, one is
Chris> using a Kana (Japanese syllabary) keyboard the other is
Chris> using a Romanization one. I use the latter. Chinese may
Chris> use Pinyin or Bopomofo, and others if I'm not
Chris> mistaken.
Besides ones based on phonetics, there are also ones that are based on
shapes only. So, you don't need to know how to pronounce a character
just to type it in. Good for touch-typists!
Chris> Group of words that have that sound and a kanji
Chris> (Chinese character) to choose from.
Most input methods of Chinese use character as a base unit, as the
notion of "word" is not well defined for Chinese.
Chris> Let's say I want to write the word dragon. So I type in
Chris> RYUU. So I get a number of different kanji that are
Chris> pronounced RYUU. The meanings I get are sink, grain, and
Chris> detain - among others even Romanized words! So I go down
Chris> the list and find DRAGON. And then I repeat the process for
Chris> other words.
With Cangjie input method, which is shape-based, I just type ybysp,
followed by the space bar, and the dragon character comes out, with NO
NEED to select from a list of candidates. Why "ybysp"? It's
determined by the shape of the character, defined by some rules. A
trained typist can thus touch-type. They can type 30+ characters per
minutes. Some masters can type 60+ characters in a minute. I've
heard about wizards that goes up to 200+ characters a minute -- very
unimaginable. And I don't think anyone can beat these people with
phonetic-based input methods.
Chris> Download the Chinese input method editor at Microsoft so
Chris> you can play around with it yourself.. :)
Well... but I don't have Windows or Word on my computer.
Peter T. Daniels
>
> >>>>> "Peter" == Peter T Daniels <gram...@att.net> writes:
>
> Peter> Since a priori I won't know a radical from a phonetic, I'd
> Peter> want something that simply parsed each character
> Peter> left-to-right, top-to-bottom (or whatever). If you already
> Peter> have to know a character's meaning and/or pronunciation to
> Peter> look it up, then the list isn't very helpful!
>
> Peter> Also no counting of strokes, since one often can't tell
> Peter> what counts as one or two strokes.
>
> The 4-corner lookup method comes in handy in such circumstances. No
> stroke counting, and hence saves much time. No need to know the
> pronuncation, as 4-corner is completely shape based. You don't even
> have to worry how to break up the character into parts: left/right?
> top/bottom? 4-corner, as its name implies, use the 4 corners. I
> learnt it in an hour by self-studying with a dictionary. However, I
> know Chinese already.
AFAICT, it's not one of the five input methods that comes with a Mac!
Dylan Sung
Peter T. Daniels wrote in message <3CCE7F...@att.net>...
NJCommunicator from http://www.njstar.com has an inbuilt 4 corner input, and
you can download it to try.
Here's a overview of the system again
The four corners are topleft, topright, bottomleft and bottom right.
The digits are
1 horizontals - including slightly rising horiontals (b.l to t.r)
2 verticals including slants which go from top right to bottom left /
3 dots including strokes which go from top left to bottom right \
4 + and x cross shapes
5 lines which run through two or more lines
6 square shapes, including square wrappers
7 corners shapes
8 /\ and \/ type elements
9 /|\ and \|/ type elements
0 dot over a horizontal (and "used corners")
When an element dominates one side, you assign a digit for it only once.
So if a /\ occurs as the top most part of a character, it will be given the
digit 8. However, since it dominatses the top left and right, it is assigned
the top left digit, and the other corner takes on a zero (digit 0) since it
has been used up. That is 80**
If it dominates the left side, for instance if a square occupies the left of
the character, it is assigned a digit 6. The other corner on this side is
dominated by it, so the bottom left corner is assigned the digit 0. That is
6*0*.
If it dominiates the bottom, for instance if there is a horizontal, the
bottom left corner takes on the digit 1 and the bottom right is assigned
zero. That is, **10.
Other than the above, those characters which are encased in a wrapper are
tricky. The square wrapper for instance should be 60**, and the final two
bottom digits are taken from the bottom corners of the filling.
Note that there are sometimes more than one character to a four digit code,
but the list should be small enough to select the appropriate char.
Cheers,
Dyl.
Peter T. Daniels
to keep a copy of it ... but does this NJcommunicator come in a Mac
version? And interact with the Chinese Language Kit? (I really don't
want to invest in a Windows emulator -- why pay money to take a step
backward??)
--
Peter T. Daniels gram...@att.net
Philip Newton
<dylanwhs.delete.@ukgateway.net.delete> wrote:
> Brian M. Scott wrote in message <3ccb7773...@enews.newsguy.com>...
> :On Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:39:27 GMT, "Peter T. Daniels"
> :<gram...@att.net> wrote:
> :>It seems to be a variety of (3).
> :
> :I'd have said that it was a variety of (4), since the first step is
> :determining whether the character can be decomposed into a left, top,
> :or enclosing piece plus the remainder. I don't use it often enough to
> :find it easy, but it's worked for me whenever the character has been
> :in his glossary.
>
> Something similar appears in the Rose-Innes dictionary on Chinese-Japanese
> characters published by Dover I think. I don't have it, so can't check.
I don't remember anything like that from my copy. However, it sounds
like SKIP ("System of Kanji Indexing by Patterns"); see, for example,
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/wwwjdic/SKIP.html .
Cheers,
Philip
--
Philip Newton <nospam...@gmx.li>
That really is my address; no need to remove anything to reply.
If you're not part of the solution, you're part of the precipitate.
Andrew Lewis
So what do you use to press the SPACE key, your nose?:)
I am talking about a system which would allow people to type Chinese,
and at speed. Someone having this ability would be extremely valuable
in an office, especially as they could also use the numbering system
to file documents in order. There could also be the equivalent of a
dictionary, much easier to use.
Of course it would be daunting to learn the number of each symbol, but
no more daunting than learning the symbol itself, and every Chinese
child is expected to do that. Learning the two together would be the
best way.
It is interesting what you say about the commonest words in Chinese.
In English the commonest words would not be nouns, verbs or
adjectives. I don't know much about Chinese, but am I correct in
saying that Chinese has fewer words that are not nouns, verbs or
adjectives?
Andrew Lewis
Philip Newton
wrote:
> does this NJcommunicator come in a Mac version?
It appears not; http://www.njstar.com.au/communicator/ says "Mac/Unix
not supported".
Thomas Chan
> As with some of Dyl's previous messages, I'm Quoting it in full in order
> to keep a copy of it ... but does this NJcommunicator come in a Mac
> version? And interact with the Chinese Language Kit? (I really don't
> want to invest in a Windows emulator -- why pay money to take a step
> backward??)
No, there's no NJStar Communicator for the Mac. I'd recommend the
"Chinese Mac FAQ" (http://www.yale.edu/chinesemac/) as a starting point,
Even if there is no pre-made Four Corner code input for the Mac, one
should be able to build one's own by supplying the data as a table of
the inputted code, e.g., "4315", and the one or more characters that
match it--which you can get from a number of sources online. Localized
Chinese editions of Windows have this feature, and some third-party
add-ons like NJStar Communicator (meant for non-Chinese editions of
Windows) have this capability as well. I'd expect there must be some
way to do on the Mac.
I wouldn't recommend a Windows emulator unless there was something in
Chinese that you absolutely couldn't do (or couldn't do easily) on
the Mac. I can think of a few, but I think some might just be me not
knowing how to do it on a Mac.
Thomas Chan
tc...@cornell.edu
Peter T. Daniels
> I wouldn't recommend a Windows emulator unless there was something in
> Chinese that you absolutely couldn't do (or couldn't do easily) on
> the Mac. I can think of a few, but I think some might just be me not
> knowing how to do it on a Mac.
Who knows whether it could even access the Mac's Chinese bits!
The Chinese Language Kit I have (which goes back to System 7.5; I don't
have the 8.6 CD with the Updater, so I haven't been able to use the Kits
since last August) has four input methods for Traditional (and two for
Simplified that I haven't bothered with): pin yin, bopomofo, dayi
("strokes and radicals"), and cangjie. (Soon I'm inheriting a PowerBook
and I'll have the OS 9 version; I don't know whether I need to get OS X
any time soon.)
Peter T. Daniels
>
> On Sun, 28 Apr 2002 09:52:13 +0100, "Dylan Sung"
> <dylanwhs.delete.@ukgateway.net.delete> wrote:
>
> > Brian M. Scott wrote in message <3ccb7773...@enews.newsguy.com>...
> > :On Sun, 28 Apr 2002 02:39:27 GMT, "Peter T. Daniels"
> > :<gram...@att.net> wrote:
> > :>It seems to be a variety of (3).
> > :
> > :I'd have said that it was a variety of (4), since the first step is
> > :determining whether the character can be decomposed into a left, top,
> > :or enclosing piece plus the remainder. I don't use it often enough to
> > :find it easy, but it's worked for me whenever the character has been
> > :in his glossary.
> >
> > Something similar appears in the Rose-Innes dictionary on Chinese-Japanese
> > characters published by Dover I think. I don't have it, so can't check.
>
> I don't remember anything like that from my copy. However, it sounds
> like SKIP ("System of Kanji Indexing by Patterns"); see, for example,
> http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/wwwjdic/SKIP.html .
Makes sense, since he approached Chinese through Japanese (remember his
dissertation was "The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese,"
and he was married to a Japanese woman -- who is an English linguist --
for quite a while).
Peter T. Daniels
> I am talking about a system which would allow people to type Chinese,
> and at speed. Someone having this ability would be extremely valuable
> in an office, especially as they could also use the numbering system
> to file documents in order. There could also be the equivalent of a
> dictionary, much easier to use.
>
> Of course it would be daunting to learn the number of each symbol, but
> no more daunting than learning the symbol itself, and every Chinese
> child is expected to do that. Learning the two together would be the
> best way.
No, because the numbers are arbitrary, the (components of the)
characters are not.
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
Chinese is not that difficult like you imagine, otherwise it won't be used until
now. (Chinese were already surrounded by countries that used phonetic scripts
since ancient time)
Actually, in some aspects Chinese is actually easier, once your learn about 150
characters, the rest is mainly repetition, in more than half of the vocabulary
you would learn, you can simply guess both the pronunciations and partial
meaning of the characters by just looking at the characters (usually it is guess
by differentiate by a element radical), if you were a native speaker, you can
complete your high school without even have to check a dictionary even once.
For example, a Chinese student from 3 grade can read this Chinese version of
National geographic Magazine with little difficulty, without even have to check
dictionary; while very few 3 grade student in English speaking countries can do
the same:
http://www.ngm.com.tw/feature/0204/default.asp
http://www.ngm.com.tw/feature/0204/zoom/01_240.jpg
German
http://www.nationalgeographic.de/php/magazin/topstories/2002/04/topstory1a.htm
http://www.nationalgeographic.de/update/magazin/2002/04/topstory1_1.jpg
Polish
http://www.national-geographic.pl/magazyn/magazyn_gt.php?mag_id=244&mag_no=31
http://www.national-geographic.pl/_i/magazyn/31/gtm_31_01_d.jpg
Korean
http://www.ybmsisa.com/ng/maga/maga-main.asp
http://www.ybmsisa.com/ng/img/maga/200204_1.gif
Japanese
http://nng.nikkeibp.co.jp/nng/BN/latest.html
http://nng.nikkeibp.co.jp/nng/BNimage/200204.jpg
French
http://www.nationalgeographic.fr/magazine/archivesSommaire.cfm?sommaire_id=59
http://www.nationalgeographic.fr/pix/sommaire/VIERETROUVE.gif
Greek
http://www.nationalgeographic.gr/0402/contents.html
http://www.nationalgeographic.gr/images/covers/0402_big.jpg
Brazilian Portuguese
http://www.uol.com.br/nationalgeographic/reportagens/0204/0204_afega.html
http://www.uol.com.br/nationalgeographic/reportagens/imagens/0204/afega/abre_afega.jpg
Turkish
http://www.nationalgeographic.com.tr/ngm/0204/0204AfganKizi.asp
http://www.nationalgeographic.com.tr/ngm/0204/images/0204AfganKiziMainPict.jpg
Dylan Sung
Philip Newton wrote in message ...
:On Wed, 01 May 2002 11:35:56 GMT, "Peter T. Daniels" <gram...@att.net>
:wrote:
:
:> does this NJcommunicator come in a Mac version?
:
:It appears not; http://www.njstar.com.au/communicator/ says "Mac/Unix
:not supported".
As they say round these parts : Bugger!
If Peter can't find something to practice on on his on computer, then I
suggest going on line, for instance, try
http://www.chinalanguage.com/CCDICT/
Click on the Four corner input. I'v found you've to press the search button,
otherwise it returns with "not found" type message. My surname like the
dynasty is 3090 with a further 4 for a refined search (that is the
'imaginary inside corner above the last corner which happens to be a "+"
type cross) 30 because the top is dominated by a lone dot, and 90 because
the bottom is dominated by /|\. My middle name is 24256, and my final name
is 40014 here though in my paper dictionary it is 40714. This depens on
whether you consider the left has been dominated by a feature or not.
Dyl.
Dylan Sung
Andrew Lewis wrote in message
<645bbc45.0205...@posting.google.com>...
:"Dylan Sung" <dylanwhs.delete.@ukgateway.net.delete> wrote in message
news:<3ccdc32a$0$8506$cc9e...@news.dial.pipex.com>...
:> Given the numbers, two hands and a pedal look kinda underated, but with
the
:> eight fingers I use, (don't much use my thumbs to type...)
:
:So what do you use to press the SPACE key, your nose?:)
Haha! :)
:I am talking about a system which would allow people to type Chinese,
:and at speed. Someone having this ability would be extremely valuable
:in an office, especially as they could also use the numbering system
:to file documents in order. There could also be the equivalent of a
:dictionary, much easier to use.
It's already around, Cangjie allow folks to type 60 or more characters per
minute. My wife says she typed at 30 characters per minute using WuBi when
she was working in an office.
:Of course it would be daunting to learn the number of each symbol, but
:no more daunting than learning the symbol itself, and every Chinese
:child is expected to do that. Learning the two together would be the
:best way.
:
:It is interesting what you say about the commonest words in Chinese.
:In English the commonest words would not be nouns, verbs or
:adjectives. I don't know much about Chinese, but am I correct in
:saying that Chinese has fewer words that are not nouns, verbs or
:adjectives?
Chinese nouns and verbs are sometimes the same character, and the only way
you find out what it is, is the context in which the character appears. In
Jerry Norman's "Chinese", he says (and I am paraphrasing) Chinese seems to
have no grammar to some folks, but it does have morphology. It is sometimes
hard to understand that word order alone determines the use of a
character...
Dyl.
Lee Sau Dan
>> The 4-corner lookup method comes in handy in such
>> circumstances. No stroke counting, and hence saves much time.
>> No need to know the pronuncation, as 4-corner is completely
>> shape based. You don't even have to worry how to break up the
>> character into parts: left/right? top/bottom? 4-corner, as
>> its name implies, use the 4 corners. I learnt it in an hour by
>> self-studying with a dictionary. However, I know Chinese
>> already.
Peter> AFAICT, it's not one of the five input methods that comes
Peter> with a Mac!
The Mac is not the whole word. Neither does it define or determine
the standards. (Neither does Microsoft's OS or applications.)
Anyway, in {traditional Chinese} computing environments, Cangjie seems
to be ubiquitous -- another strength of Cangjie.
Peter T. Daniels
>
> >>>>> "Peter" == Peter T Daniels <gram...@att.net> writes:
>
> >> The 4-corner lookup method comes in handy in such
> >> circumstances. No stroke counting, and hence saves much time.
> >> No need to know the pronuncation, as 4-corner is completely
> >> shape based. You don't even have to worry how to break up the
> >> character into parts: left/right? top/bottom? 4-corner, as
> >> its name implies, use the 4 corners. I learnt it in an hour by
> >> self-studying with a dictionary. However, I know Chinese
> >> already.
>
> Peter> AFAICT, it's not one of the five input methods that comes
> Peter> with a Mac!
>
> The Mac is not the whole word. Neither does it define or determine
> the standards. (Neither does Microsoft's OS or applications.)
>
> Anyway, in {traditional Chinese} computing environments, Cangjie seems
> to be ubiquitous -- another strength of Cangjie.
Do you ALWAYS read without grasping the context?? The question is HOW TO
USE 4-CORNER METHOD ON A MAC.
Lee Sau Dan
Andrew> I am talking about a system which would allow people to
Andrew> type Chinese, and at speed. Someone having this ability
Andrew> would be extremely valuable in an office, especially as
Andrew> they could also use the numbering system to file documents
Andrew> in order. There could also be the equivalent of a
Andrew> dictionary, much easier to use.
No. Your suggestion requires a person to search through the whole
list of ALL available characters. That's stupid and impractical.
Yes, you apparently have tried an optimization here: to put the more
frequent character at the beginning of the list. However, this breaks
down for dictionaries: one does not look up a dictionary for frequent
characters. One usually consults a dictionaries for the very rarely
used ones. So, for dictionary lookup, the *probability distribution
function* is very different from the character occurrence frequency
that you based on.
Normal dictionaries are indexed so that we don't go through lists of
characters, but jump to the suitable character quickly.
Andrew> Of course it would be daunting to learn the number of each
Andrew> symbol, but no more daunting than learning the symbol
Andrew> itself,
You're wrong again. I would suggest you do some studying on the
Chinese script before you go on with this thread. The numbers that
you gave the characters are very very arbitrary. OTOH, Chinese
characters are highly systemic. We don't learn each by rote
memorization. Rather, we learn rules that govern the system, and we
can master those rules quickly. Chinese characters are, TO YOUR
SURPRISE (or disappointment?), very self-consistent within its own
system. What looks arbitrary to you actually look systematic to the
real users.
Andrew> and every Chinese child is expected to do
Andrew> that.
No. We don't learn EACH Chinese characters by rote memorization. We
learn the rules. We learn how the characters are made (how == those
rules). The shape of each character is NOT arbitrary, but based on
the meaning and pronunciation. If this is news to you, then please do
more studying rather than basing your grand thesis on myths around
your cultures about the top, or your mere ignorance!
Andrew> Learning the two together would be the best way.
The best way to show how stupid and impractical your suggestion is.
Andrew> It is interesting what you say about the commonest words
Andrew> in Chinese. In English the commonest words would not be
Andrew> nouns, verbs or adjectives. I don't know much about
Andrew> Chinese, but am I correct in saying that Chinese has fewer
Andrew> words that are not nouns, verbs or adjectives?
This again illustrates your ignorance.
Your question is not very answerable. Chinese doesn't have the
verb/adjective distinction. (Neither do many non-IndoEuropean
languages.) And then, many Chinese nouns can function as verbs and
vice versa. (This is especially true for older forms of Chinese or
the southern "dialects".)
In traditional Chinese grammatical analysis, we divide words into 2
types: <xu1ci2> (abstract/syntactic words) vs. <shi2ci2>
(concrete/content words). Since Chinese has no articles and lacks
inflections, it does tend to use much fewer <xu1ci2> than <shi2ci2>.
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
wrote:
English:
http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/afghangirl/index.html
http://mesa.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0204/feature0/images/ft_hdr.0.jpg
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
wrote:
>On 1 May 2002 08:09:31 -0700, gdv...@yahoo.com (Andrew Lewis) wrote:
English:
http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/afghangirl/index.html
http://mesa.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0204/feature0/images/ft_hdr.0.jpg
Spanish:
http://www.esmas.com/nationalgeographic/Reportajes/reportaje1.html
http://www.esmas.com/nationalgeographic/ImageCache//content/1.1/llamgraf1/bfoto1.content/v28/img/1//vida%20revelada.jpg
Italian:
http://www.nationalgeographic.it/nat_geo/riv_sch.jsp?codArt=107#
http://www.nationalgeographic.it/images/Riviste/107_giga.jpg
Portugal:
http://www.nationalgeographic.pt/revista/0402/feature10/Default.asp
http://www.nationalgeographic.pt/revista/0402/pics/feature10_main.jpg
Sebastian Hew
I find this claim extravangant and hard to believe. A third grade Chinese
student could no more read the Chinese version than his counterpart in an
English-speaking country could the English version. There are numerous
lexical items beyond the grasp of a third-grade student, e.g., 普什圖人, 阿
富汗, 據說, 犀利, 毀滅, 跋涉, 難民營, etc., and the concepts expressed in
the following phrases
肌膚飽經風霜
她的眼神，無論當時或現在，都燃燒著強悍的火焰
很難適應難民營擁擠的環境
not to mention unfamiliar characters like 釁.
To be sure, a third-grade student might be able to get some idea of what is
going on, but to claim the he can read the article without consulting a
dictionary, which would, in any case, only help with the vocabulary, is
going a little far, and quite unbelievable without substantiating evidence.
Sebastian.
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
wrote:
Are you sure you are right? Look at these:-
AUTOMIBLES 汽車
Auto 汽車 (美國)
Autocar 汽車
Boneshaker 破舊的車
Cabriolet 舊時的篷式汽車
Cash Transport Car 押款車
Compact 小型汽車
Compact Car 小型汽車
Convertible 敞篷車
Coupe 雙門小轎車
Cross-Country Car 越野車
Cross-Country Cargo Carrier 越野載重車
Jalopy 老爺車 (美國)
Landau 舊式汽車
Landaulet 早期的敞篷汽車
Limousine 大型豪華轎車
Machine 汽車
Minicar 小型汽車
Mobile 汽車 (美國)
Motorcar 汽車 (英國)
Motor Vehicle 汽車
Open Car 敞篷車
Open Wagon 敞篷車
Private car 私家車
Rattletrap 老爺車
Roadster 三人乘用的單排座位敞頂汽車
Runabout 輕便汽車
Saloon 小轎車 (英國)
Sedan 轎車 (美國)
Seep 水陸兩用的吉普車 (美國)
Small Car 小型汽車
Speedster 高速汽車
Sport Car 跑車
Vintage Car 老爺車
Wheel 汽車 (美國)
CYELCS 二輪車
Autocycle 摩托車
Bicycle 腳踏車
Bike 腳踏車 ; 摩托車
Dirt Bike 野外泥土地比賽用的摩托車
Machine 自行車
Minibike 小型機車 (美國)
Mogul 一種重型機車 (美國)
Moped 小型摩托車
Motorbike 摩托車
Motorcycle 摩托車
Motor Driven Cycle 摩托車
Motorized Bicycle 摩托車
Push-Bike 腳踏車 (英國)
Quadruplet 四人騎的腳踏車
Racer 比賽用的自行車
Roadster 腳踏車 (英國)
Scooter 踏板車
Tandem 串座雙人自行車 (協力車)
Ten-Speed Derailleur 十段變速腳踏車
Trail Bike 越野摩托車
Velocipede 腳蹬兩輪車
Vinaigrette 雙輪車
Wheel 腳踏車 (美國)
OFF THE ROAD VEHICLES 行駛在道路以外的"車"
Agrimotor 農耕用曳引車
Amphibian 水陸兩用車
Amtrac 水陸兩用車
Applecart 蘋果小販手推車
Baby Buggy 嬰兒車
Baby Carriage 嬰兒車
Bandwagon 樂隊花車
Barrow 兩輪手推車; 流動售貨車 (英國)
Bassinet 搖籃式童車
Big Dipper 雲霄飛車
Big Wheel 觀覽車; 摩天輪
Block 滑車
Bloodmobile 捐血車
Bumper Car 碰碰車
Cable Car 空中纜車
Cage 昇降車
Case Cart 箱型手推車
Catafalque 靈柩車
Currach 用枝條編製成的一種小型手推貨車
Deadeye 船上用的三孔滑車
Dodgem 碰碰車
Dodgem Car 碰碰車
Dogcart 狗拉小車
Dune Buggy 沙灘越野車
Ferris Wheel 觀覽車; 摩天輪
Filature 紡車
Exercise bike 室內健身腳踏車
Exercycle 室內健身腳踏車
Float 遊行時用的花車
Go-Cart 嬰兒車
Handbarrow 手推車
Handcart 手推車
Hearse 柩車
Hutch 運礦石車
Jet Coaster 雲霄飛車
Lorry 礦車
Lunar Rover 月面車
Mine ride 雲霄飛車
Patrol wagon 囚車
Perambulator 嬰兒車 (英國)
Pie wagon 囚車
Pinwheel 紙風車
Pram 嬰兒車
Pulley 滑車
Pushchair 折疊式嬰兒車
Reel 紡車
Roller Coaster 雲霄飛車
Sand Buggy 沙灘越野車
Scooter Car 碰碰車
Scream Machine 雲霄飛車
Skip 工地廢料車 (英國)
Snowmobile 雪車
Switchback 雲霄飛車 (英國)
Tackle 滑車
Teacart 茶車
Tramcar 礦車
Treadmill 踏車
Treadwheel 踏車
Tram 礦車
Tramcar 礦車
Trochlea 滑車
Trolley 手推餐車; 臺車 (英國)
Truck 手推車; 手推小平臺車
Tub 礦車
Tumbrel 囚車
Water Wheel 水車
Weasel 水陸兩用車
Windmill 風車
Winnower 風車
HORSE-DRAWN CARRIAGES 馬車
Barouche 四輪四座大馬車
Berlin 雙人座四輪馬車
Britska 摺篷大馬車 (俄國)
Brougham 一種有篷馬車
Buckboard 四輪馬車
Buggy 單馬四輪馬車 (美國)
Cab 二輪馬車
Cabriolet 單馬二輪車(中世的)
Calash 篷車
Caleche 雙馬四輪馬車
Camion 載貨馬車
Caravan 篷馬車
Carriage 四輪馬車
Carryall 有頂的雙座單馬車
Cart 二輪輕便馬車
Chaise 輕便馬車
Chariot 四輪遊覽馬車
Clarence 雙座四輪馬車
Coach-And-Four 四馬拉的大車
Curricle 兩馬兩輪之輕便馬車
Dray 運貨馬車
Diligence 公共馬車
Dogcart 輕便的雙輪馬車
Droshky 敞篷四輪馬車
Equipage 馬車
Fiacre 小型四輪馬車
Four-Wheeler 四輪馬車
Gharri 印度馬車(印度)
Gharry 印度馬車(印度)
Gig 雙輪馬車
Gladstone 四輪馬車
Go-Cart 輕便馬車
Hackney Carriage 出租馬車
Hansom 有蓋雙座小馬車
Hansom Cab 生雙輪馬車
Horsecar 道馬車 (美國)
Horse Carriage 車
Jingle 輪馬車
Landau 四輪馬車
Landaulet 頂四輪小馬車
Milk-Float 牛奶馬車 (英國)
Quadriga 古羅馬四馬二輪戰車(古羅馬)
Rallicar 四人座的小型二輪馬車 (英國)
Runabout 小型無篷馬車(美國)
Schooner 大篷車
Shandrydan 二輪輕便馬車
Shay 輪的輕馬車
Stanhope 座的輕便馬車
Stagecoach 馬車
Sulky 輪單座馬車
Surrey 兩個座位的四輪遊覽馬車 (美國)
Team 馬或牛等所拉的車
Tandem 兩匹馬前後縱列拉的雙輪馬車
Tilbury 無蓋二輪輕便馬車
Tonga 小型雙輪馬車{印度.巴基斯坦的}
Trap 二輪輕便馬車
Troika 三頭馬車
Truck 運貨馬車
Wagon 四輪運貨馬車
Waggonette 四輪遊覽馬車
Wagonette 四輪遊覽馬車
Wain 運貨馬車
TRAIN 火車
Baggage car 行李火車
Boxcar 有蓬貨車
Caboose 車務員專用車
Carriage 火車客車廂 (英國)
Coach 載客火車
Corridor Train 通廊列車
Choochoo 火車
Diesel Train 柴油火車
Dining Car 火車餐車
Doodlebug 短程往返火車
Electric Train 電力火車
Express 快車
Fast Train 快車
Flatcar/Platform Car 平臺車
Flier 特快車
Freight 運貨火車
Freight Train 貨物列車 (美國)
Gondola 敞篷貨車
Hopper Car 開底貨車
Hotshot 特快貨物列車
House Car 有蓬貨車
Liner Express 直線特快車
Lounge Car 上等艙火車
Mail Train 郵政列車
Night Express 夜快車
Nonstop 直達車
Military Train 軍用列車
Observation Car 瞭望車
Open-top Car 無蓬貨車
Passenger Car 客車
Puff-puff 火車
Pullman 臥鋪火車
Rattler 運貨火車 (美國)
Sleeper 臥鋪火車
Sleeping Car 臥鋪火車
Steam Locomotive 蒸氣火車
Steam Train 蒸氣火車
Stock Car 運畜火車
Stopping Train 載客火車
Tank Car 油槽車
Tender 補給火車
Through Train 直達火車
Truck 載貨火車 (英國)
Turbine Train 渦輪蒸壓火車
Wagon 無蓋貨車 (英國)
Sanitation Vehicle 清潔車
Cesspool Cleaner Truck 水肥車
Trunk Sprayer 洒水車
Road-Sprinkler 洒水車
Watering Lorry 洒水車
Flusher 洒水車
Sprinkling Truck 洒水車
Sprinkler 洒水車
Honey Wagon 水肥車
Mechanical Sweeper 道路清潔車
Side-Loading Collection Truck 垃圾車
Garbage Truck 垃圾車
Street Cleaner 道路清潔車
Tumbrel 運肥車
CARRIERS 搬運車
Autotruck 運貨卡車 (美國)
Boxcar 有頂貨車
Caravan 有篷卡車/拖車
Cargo Truck 貨車
Caterpillar Tractor 環帶牽引車
Chaser 拖吊車
Container Car 貨櫃車
Crane 吊車
Crawler Tractor 履帶式牽引車
Dump Truck 自動卸貨卡車
Dumper 自動卸貨卡車
Eighteen Wheeler 十八輪大貨車
Flatcar 平臺貨車 (美國)
Freight Car 貨車
Heavy Duty Truck 載重車
Hoist 絞車 吊車
Jinker 木材搬運車 (澳洲)
Luggage Van 行李車
Mail Carrier 郵車 (英國)
Mail-Coach 郵車 (英國)
Mail Delivery 郵車
Mail Van 郵車
Motor-Lorry 運貨卡車 (英國)
Motor Truck 運貨卡車 (美國)
Pantechnicon 傢具搬運車 (英國)
Pickup 小貨車
Pickup Truck 小貨車
Platform Truck 平臺卡車
Reefer 冷凍貨車
Refrigerator Van 冷凍車
Rig 拖車
Semicrawler Tractor 半裝軌牽引車
Semitrailer 半拖車
Tank Car 油罐車
Tank Truck 油罐車
Tipcart 傾卸車
Tow Truck 拖吊車
Tractor 牽引車
Tractor Truck 牽引車
Traction-Engine 牽引車
Trailer 拖掛車
Trailer Bus 拖掛車
Trailer Truck 拖車
Truck 卡車
Truck Trailer 牽引車
Tumbrel 翻卸式兩輪運貨車
Van 箱式貨車
Wheel Tractor 車輪式牽引車
Wrecker 拖吊車
TAXI 計程車
Cab 計程車
Cabbie 計程車
Cruising Cab 流動式計程車計程車
Cruising Taxi 流動式計程車計程車
Fleet Taxi 靠行計程車
Hack 計程車
Hackie 計程車
Individually Owned Cab 個人計程車
Meter Taxi 計程車
Minicab 小型計程車 (英國)
Nighthawk 深夜計程車
Owner-Driven Cab 個人計程車
Radio Cab 個人計程車
Radio Taxi 個人計程車
Radio-Dispatched Cab 個人計程車
Radio-Dispatched Taxi 個人計程車
Taxicab 計程車
BUS 巴士
Airport Bus 機場巴士
Autobus 公共汽車 (美國)
Coach 大型客車
Double Decker Bus 雙層巴士
Intercity Bus 市內公車
Jitney Bus 小型巴士
Minibus 小型巴士
Microbus 小型巴士
Motorbus 公車
Motor Truck 公共汽車
Omnibus 公共汽車
Rubberneck Bus 觀光巴士
School Bus 校車
Sightseeing Bus 觀光巴士
Touring Car 遊覽車
Tour Bus 遊覽車
Tourist Bus 觀光巴士
Tourist Coach 觀光巴士
Military Vehicle 軍用車
Alligator 水陸兩用戰車
Amtrac 水陸兩用戰車
Armored Car 裝甲汽車
Armored Train 裝甲列車
Battle tank 坦克車
Caisson 彈藥車
Caterpillar 履帶車
Camion 軍用卡車
Chariot 雙輪戰車
Duck 水陸裝甲車
Gun Carriage 炮車
Quadriga 橫排四馬二輪戰車 (古羅馬)
Tank 戰車/坦克車
Tumbrel 兩輪彈藥車
Turret 攻城用仰沖車
War Chariot 古代的雙輪戰車
Whippet 輕型戰車
Emergency Vehicles 緊急用車
Aerial Ladder 雲梯車
Aerial Truck 雲梯車
Ambulance 救護車
Ambulette 小型簡易救護車
Cabin Cruiser 警察巡邏車
Crane Truck 消防起重車
Cruiser 警察巡邏車
Cruise Car 巡邏車
Field Ambulance 野戰救護車
Fire Brigade Wagon 消防車
Fire Engine 消防車
Fire Fighting Truck 消防車
Fire Truck 消防車
Ladder Truck 雲梯車
Panda Car 警察車
Patrol Car 巡邏車
Police Car 警車
Police Patrol Car 警車
Prowl Car 巡邏車
Pumper 消防車
Scout Car 巡邏車
Squad Car 巡羅警車
Tower Ladder 雲梯車
Unmarked Car 便衣警車
Water Tender 消防供水車
Recreational Vehicles (RV) 旅遊車
Beach wagon 旅行車
Camper 露營車
Camping Car 野營車
Caravan 活動房屋 (英國)
Estate Car 旅行車
Jeep 吉普車
House Trailer 拖車式房子
Mobile Home 活動房屋
Motor Home 移動居住車
Portable Dwelling 活動房屋
Quonset 活動房屋
Quonset hut 活動房屋
Recvee 旅行食宿車
Rec-V 旅行食宿車
Station Wagon 旅行車
Trailer House 拖車式房子
Wagon 旅行車 (美國)
OTHER VEHICLES 其它未分類車
Cyclecar 三輪式機車
Dolly 移動式攝影車 (美國)
Doodlebug 超小型賽車 (英國)
Dragster 短程加速賽車
Formula One Racing Car 一級方程式賽車
Four-Wheeler 四輪車
Half-Track 半履帶車
Jinricksha 黃包車
Monocycle 獨輪腳踏車
Mule Cart 騾車
Oxcart 牛車
Pedicab 三輪車
Quadricycle 四輪腳踏車
Rallye 長距離賽車
Rickshaw 人力車(日語)
Ricksha 人力車(日語)
Sound Truck 裝有擴音器之廣播車
Tricar 三輪汽車
Tricycle 三輪車 ; 三輪腳踏車
Velocipede 兒童用三輪車 (美國)
Unicycle 單輪腳踏車
Sebastian Hew
> >
> >To be sure, a third-grade student might be able to get some idea of what
is
> >going on, but to claim the he can read the article without consulting a
> >dictionary,
>
> Are you sure you are right? Look at these:-
>
> AUTOMIBLES 汽車
>
> Auto 汽車 (美國)
> Autocar 汽車
> Boneshaker 破舊的車
> Cabriolet 舊時的篷式汽車
<snip etc., etc., etc.>
I fail to see the relevance of the long lists of vehicles you present.
Sebastian.
Peter T. Daniels
>
> "梊爵篘Chiew Lee Yih" <maland...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
>
> > >
> > >To be sure, a third-grade student might be able to get some idea of what is
> > >going on, but to claim the he can read the article without consulting a
> > >dictionary,
> >
> > Are you sure you are right? Look at these:-
> >
> > AUTOMIBLES 汽車
> >
> > Auto 汽車 (美國)
> > Autocar 汽車
> > Boneshaker 破舊的車
>
> <snip etc., etc., etc.>
>
> I fail to see the relevance of the long lists of vehicles you present.
Which, BTW, mingled dialect terms from around the English-speaking world
and across many centuries, and spelling-variations of borrowings (I
noticed <rickshaw> and <ricksha>.)
A boneshaker, BTW, isn't an automobile, but a nickname for a
"penny-farthing" bicycle.
赵里昱Chiew Lee Yih
wrote:
>"梊爵篘Chiew Lee Yih" <maland...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
http://www.wforum.com/wmf/posts/3509807.shtml
國家地理雜誌中文版vs英文版本
http://www.ngm.com.tw/feature/0202/story1.htm vs
http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2002/02/01/htm
l/ft_20020201.1.html
中文版的小學三年級學生不用查字典也可以看得懂八九成﹐英文版本
的英語為母語的小學三年級學生如果不查字典﹐連第二頁都很難看下
去.
二零零二年(黃帝曆法四七零零年)二月份號
第十頁
"..首席流行病學家之.." vs "..chief epidemiologist
had.."
●不必解釋﹐中文在這裡的優越顯而易見
"..沼澤之外﹐還有覆蓋農具和建築設備的防水布﹐上面的皺褶積了
雨水.." vs "..addition to the area's natural swamps there
were tarpaulins draped over farm and construction
equipment, puckered with little pockets of
rainwater.."
tarpaulins?什麼來的--防水布!即使是你還不知道他是用來幹什麼的﹐
你還是能猜出一個大概來﹐看見"tarpaulin﹐你能猜出什麼來?
draped--你不會就是不會﹐不查字典﹐你不太可能猜出他的意思是"
覆蓋",或許小學三年級還沒有學到"覆"字﹐但後面有一個"蓋"字﹐看
多幾次再看多一些電視節目就學到用這詞彙啦.(尤其是台灣省還有香
港的電視節目常有字幕﹐對小學生的學習非常有幫助)
"puckered with little pockets of rainwater" 非常抽像﹐如果你
不知道pucker是什麼意思更糟糕了﹐中文則是"上面的皺褶積了雨水
"﹐簡直就是把整個畫面給描繪出來了.
第十一頁
"..致命的出血登革熱及.." vs "..fatal dengue hemorrhagic
fever and.."
●你小學一年級都學會了"出"和"血"吧?
"..有20種重大疾病在.." vs "..least 20 major maladies
are.."
●"疾病"一拳就把"maladies"給打死了
"..的自信膨脹成自滿.." vs "..and self-assuredness spawned
complacency.."
●不必解釋﹐中文在這裡的優越顯而易見
"..著一大群兇惡的細菌.." vs "..a menacing menagerie of
bacteria.."
●不必解釋﹐中文在這裡的優越顯而易見
第十三頁
●
"..正式被撲滅.." vs "..officially eradicated in.."
●中文你不知道"撲滅"無所謂﹐你知道"滅"是什麼就能猜到意思了﹐
"eradicate"你能猜出什麼?
"..與極度混亂的局面.."vs "..panic and mayhem."
●不必解釋﹐中文在這裡的優越顯而易見
第十五頁
"..隱鞭孢子蟲這種小腸菌.."vs "..intestinal bug
Cryptosporidium in"..
●中文在這裡還給了你細菌的大概長相
“..掩蓋了一個平常但..”vs "..obscures a more pedestrian
but.."
●不必解釋﹐中文在這裡的優越顯而易見
第三十頁
“..接受疫苗”vs " have been inoculated worldwide"
"疫苗"兩個字當中的"疫"你至少還能夠從部首猜出他是和疾病有關﹐
"inoculated"? 什麼來的?
●
"...還在非洲肆虐時."vs "still ensconced in Africa"
●你只要會一個"虐"字就可以大概猜出意思﹐英語的"ensconce"你能
夠猜出什麼?
>Sebastian.
>