International Parachuting Safety Survey #1
ynotssor
Switzerland 26-27 January this month, national delegates from each represented
nation will be presented with the first of a series of short questionnaires
relating to parachuting safety practices. It is hoped that after the completion
of the series, a substantial body of knowledge concerning safety practices in
the various member nations will be assembled.
I submit a copy of the first questionnaire FYI and perusal:
===========================================
International Parachuting Commission
Technical and Safety Sub-Committee
International Parachuting Safety Survey
Questionnaire No. 1 - "Visiting Foreign Parachutists"
This questionnaire should be completed by the IPC delegate or the
person-in-charge of technical matters and parachuting safety in each IPC member
nation.
After completion, please return to:
Harro Trempenau, P.O. Box 24696
Nairobi, KENYA
e-mail: sky...@africaonline.co.ke
Fax: +254-2-884445, Tel. 884258
NAME:
E-MAIL ADDRESS:
COUNTRY: DATE:
1. To be able to make parachute jumps at a Drop Zone in your country, which
documentation must be presented or completed by a visiting foreign parachutist?
(Tick all applicable options):
a) Personal Parachutist Log Book:
b) Membership in our National Parachuting Organization:
c) Membership in any other FAI Parachuting Organization:
d) Parachutist Medical Certificate:
e) FAI "International Parachutist Certificate":
f) FAI "Sporting License":
g) Parachuting Permit issued by our Government:
h) Parachuting Permit issued by our National Organization:
i) Liability Release or 'Waiver':
j) Letter from Visitor's Instructor or National Organization:
k) Proof of Recent Jumps:
l) Proof of Third Party/Public Liability Insurance:
m) Proof of Personal Medical Insurance:
n) Other (Be specific):
2. Are foreign visiting parachutists who are still considered students and are
not holders of an FAI Parachutist Certificate permitted to make parachute jumps
in your country? (Tick all applicable):
a) No:
b) Yes, but only under supervision:
c) Yes, but only after re-training:
d) Other (be specific):
3. Who is permitted to pack reserve parachutes in your country? (Tick all
applicable):
a) Only a parachute rigger, certified by our Government:
b) A parachute rigger certified by our National Association:
c) A parachutist who is trained, qualified and endorsed:
d) Anybody who knows how to pack a parachute:
e) There are no Rules for this:
f) Other (be specific):
4. What is the mandatory repack cycle of reserve parachutes in your Country?
(Tick one):
a) 3 months or less:
b) 3 to 6 months:
c) 6 to 12 months:
d) More than 12 Months (Be specific):
e) None:
5. Are Reserve Parachutes that have been packed in a foreign country permitted
to be used in your country, or must they be re-packed before use in your
country? (Tick all applicable):
a) Must be re-packed again by a qualified person:
b) Can be used without re-pack:
c) Can be used but only if originally packed by a Rigger:
d) Use is at the discretion of Drop Zone:
e) Cannot be used at all:
f) Other (be specific):
6. Is it mandatory in your country, for any parachutist (both local or foreign)
to become a member of your National Association, BEFORE making a parachute
jump? (Tick all applicable):
a) Yes, every jumper must be a member:
b) No, membership is not mandatory:
c) Only citizens or residents of our country must be members:
d) Tandem parachutists do not have to become members:
e) Only licensed parachutists have to become members:
f) Other:
7. In your country, is it mandatory for parachutists to be insured for Third
Party and/or Public Liability whilst jumping? (Tick one):
a) Yes, every jumper must be insured whilst jumping:
b) Insurance is not mandatory:
8. In your country, is Third Party/Public Liability Insurance available from or
through your National Parachuting Association? (Tick all applicable):
a) Yes, it is provided and included in the membership:
b) Yes, it is available to members but at an extra cost:
c) Each Parachutist must obtain insurance independently:
d) Other:
9. If Third Party/Public Liability Insurance is provided/available through your
National Association, is it valid ONLY in your country, some countries, or
world-wide? (Tick all applicable):
a) Validity is unrestricted and world-wide:
b) Validity applies only to certain countries:
c) Validity applies only to our country:
d) Other:
10. If Third Party/Public Liability Insurance is mandatory for anybody making
parachute jumps in your country, what is the minimum amount for which the
jumper must be insured? (Tick one):
a) $ 100,000 or less:
b) $ 100-250,000:
c) $ 250-500,000:
d) $ 500-999,000:
e) $ 1,000,000 + :
11. Is it mandatory in your country that parachuting equipment is inspected
regularly by a rigger or the equipment manufacturer? (Tick all applicable):
a) Yes, Every 3 Months:
b) Yes, Every 6 Months:
c) Yes, Every Year:
d) Yes, Every Two Years:
e) No Requirement to Inspect Gear:
f) Other (Be specific):
12. Is parachuting equipment that was manufactured in a foreign country allowed
to be used in your country? (Tick applicable):
a) Yes, but only after approval from our Civil Aviation Authority:
b) Yes, without any restriction:
c) Yes, after inspection by a Rigger:
d) No, it cannot be used:
e) Other (be specific):
13. Are holders of instructor's and rigger's ratings, that have been issued by
a parachuting association or government of a foreign country, permitted to
officially operate in your country and their ratings are recognized as
equivalent? (Tick one)
a) Yes, foreign ratings are recognized unreservedly:
b) Yes, foreign ratings can be converted after examinations:
c) Yes, foreign ratings from some countries are recognized:
d) No foreign ratings are recognized:
e) Other:
===========================================
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Rich Orford
>
> 4. What is the mandatory repack cycle of reserve parachutes in your >Country?
> (Tick one):
>
> a) 3 months or less:
> b) 3 to 6 months:
> c) 6 to 12 months:
> d) More than 12 Months (Be specific):
> e) None:
>
Is it just me or is this a non sensical question. For the UK would you
tick b) or c) ???
--
Have Fun & Stay Safe
Rich :o)
*******************************************************************
* Don't take life too seriously. You'll never get out of it alive *
*******************************************************************
kopperflash
10 of the Southern
kopperflash
>
> Is it just me or is this a non sensical question. For the UK would you
> tick b) or c) ???
>
{or til your pencil breaks}
ynotssor
"Rich Orford" <ri...@mimesweeper.com> quoted and wrote in message
news:3C42C276...@mimesweeper.com...
>
>> 4. What is the mandatory repack cycle of reserve parachutes
>> in your Country?
>> (Tick one):
>>
>> a) 3 months or less:
>> b) 3 to 6 months:
>> c) 6 to 12 months:
>> d) More than 12 Months (Be specific):
>> e) None:
>
> Is it just me or is this a non sensical question. For the UK would you
> tick b) or c) ???
It's a good observation. While the question makes perfect sense, the choice of
answers is somewhat ambiguous, as you point out.
Can you or someone suggest a better wording in the answers please?
tony
kopperflash
Can you or someone suggest a better wording in the answers please?
On Question #4 I would go with:
A. 90 days or less
B. 91 to 180 days
C. 181 to 365 days {I'll let someone else figure out leap year}
D. Specify
It seems to me questions #4 and #11 basically are the same just worded
differently. Also I would be curious to find out about how many countries do
/ do not require/do not allow reserves to be sealed.
Craig
ynotssor
news:3A3892E40092ADAF.1ED4A4EC...@lp.airnews.net...
Thank you for the input.
Your suggested answers seem much more specific, even more than the
other suggestion received:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4. What is the mandatory repack cycle of reserve parachutes in your Country?
(Tick the most restrictive answer):
a) 90 days or less:
b) 180 days or less:
c) 365 days or less:
d) Other (Be specific):
e) None:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
11. Is it mandatory in your country that parachuting equipment is inspected
regularly by a rigger or the equipment manufacturer? (Tick all applicable):
a) Yes, Every 3 Months:
b) Yes, Every 6 Months:
c) Yes, Every Year:
d) Yes, Every Two Years:
e) No Requirement to Inspect Gear:
f) Other (Be specific):
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Although #11 does seem redundant to those in countries where a gear inspection
is "normally" a part of the reserve repack, it would be helpful for the
purposes of the survey to determine if there is any authoritative _mandate_
for a gear inspection. Is it so in the UK?
The goal is to gather information from all the IPC member countries, with a
view toward a better understanding of how things work, and to see if it may be
worthwhile to strive for some sort of recommended International standards
concerning parachuting as a whole. What follows is the cover letter that will
accompany the survey distribution in Lausanne Switzerland in the near future.
Thanks for your input,
tony
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++
International Parachuting Commission
Technical and Safety Sub-Committee
TO: FAI/IPC Delegates and Technical Directors
[...]
RE: Survey of Parachuting Practices, Rules, and Standards in Different Nations
DATE: 25 January 2002
Dear Colleagues:
In an effort to gain an insight into the applicable standards and practices of
sport parachuting throughout the world, the International Parachuting
Commission (IPC) of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) is
conducting a survey about various parachuting disciplines, equipment,
regulations, training and other phenomena that shape our sport. There are
literally hundreds of interesting issues and questions about parachuting in
different countries, but a comprehensive study of these is considered too
ambitious and beyond the scope of our terms of reference. However, safety and
technical developments are of great importance, and in our initial endeavour,
we will limit ourselves to these.
The enquiry has been designed as a series of "mini-surveys" that address
topical issues. In general, they will deal in particular with administrative
and regulatory systems in different countries, as well as variations in
skydiving equipment technology, tandem jumping, student training, Insurance,
aircraft, and parachuting disciplines. Other ad hoc topics may arise from time
to time and can also be studied expeditiously through these mini-surveys.
Meanwhile, and in view of the recent introduction of the new FAI International
Certificates which will be of great benefit to traveling parachutists, our
first 'mini-survey' will deal with the topic of "Visiting Foreign
Parachutists". It consists of thirteen questions, and we kindly ask you to
complete the questionnaire right here in Lausanne before your departure.
After evaluation of the response, the evaluation will be circulated soon to
Technical Directors and other interested parties. Meanwhile, the next
'mini-survey' will be conducted by e-mail in May 2002, on the subject of
'Safety Regulations' in various nations. This will be followed by surveys of
'Tandem Practices', and 'Student Training'.
It is planned that through these 'mini-surveys' the IPC will gradually build up
a body of knowledge that promotes a better understanding of the reasoning
behind different parachuting practices around the globe. Please assist.
freeflyer
>
> Although #11 does seem redundant to those in countries where a gear inspection
> is "normally" a part of the reserve repack, it would be helpful for the
> purposes of the survey to determine if there is any authoritative _mandate_
> for a gear inspection. Is it so in the UK?
In Norway we have mandatory reserve repacks every 6 months
and mandatory gear inspections (including a reserve repack)
every 12 months. So this question applies to the jumpers
here atleast.
posted and mailed
--
Espen
ALF#1
ynotssor
news:3C4607D8...@freeflyer.no...
[...]
>> Although #11 does seem redundant to those in countries where a gear
inspection
>> is "normally" a part of the reserve repack, it would be helpful for the
>> purposes of the survey to determine if there is any authoritative _mandate_
>> for a gear inspection. Is it so in the UK?
>
> In Norway we have mandatory reserve repacks every 6 months
> and mandatory gear inspections (including a reserve repack)
> every 12 months. So this question applies to the jumpers
> here atleast.
Is that 6 months, or 180 days? 12 months or 365 days?
Splitting hairs here, but with official mandates language can indeed become an
issue.
tony
freeflyer
>
>>In Norway we have mandatory reserve repacks every 6 months
>>and mandatory gear inspections (including a reserve repack)
>>every 12 months. So this question applies to the jumpers
>>here atleast.
>>
> [...]
>
> Is that 6 months, or 180 days? 12 months or 365 days?
What did I write?? Is your reading comprehension slipping
Tony? :o)
> Splitting hairs here, but with official mandates language can indeed become an
> issue.
I know. I wrote what we use.
ynotssor
news:3C46E690...@freeflyer.no...
Thanks for the clarification.
Because of the fact that some months have 28,29,30 and 31 days, I have known
people who were not allowed to jump the final days of a boogie, as they were
calculating in "months" and the boogie organizers were calculating the required
"days" in order to protect themselves legally in the event of an incident.
Made for a very unhappy experience for them since they traveled overseas, but
they probably shouldn't have been nipping it that close anyway, what?
ynotssor
news:3A3892E40092ADAF.1ED4A4EC...@lp.airnews.net...
Thanks for your input, Craig. The questionnaire has been modified to include
your suggested change to question #4.
An additional question #14 has been added regarding the requirement of seals on
the reserve container.
freeflyer
>
> Thanks for the clarification.
You're very welcome.
> Because of the fact that some months have 28,29,30 and 31 days, I have known
> people who were not allowed to jump the final days of a boogie, as they were
> calculating in "months" and the boogie organizers were calculating the required
> "days" in order to protect themselves legally in the event of an incident.
>
> Made for a very unhappy experience for them since they traveled overseas, but
> they probably shouldn't have been nipping it that close anyway, what?
What? They didn't have a pencil handy? ;o)
ynotssor
[...]
>> Because of the fact that some months have 28,29,30 and 31 days, I have known
>> people who were not allowed to jump the final days of a boogie, as they were
>> calculating in "months" and the boogie organizers were calculating the
required
>> "days" in order to protect themselves legally in the event of an incident.
>>
>> Made for a very unhappy experience for them since they traveled overseas,
but
>> they probably shouldn't have been nipping it that close anyway, what?
>
> What? They didn't have a pencil handy? ;o)
Yeah they did, but the organiser insisted on ink. =B^)
kopperflash
ynotssor
news:1E00EF715FA1F6F1.0D700E06...@lp.airnews.net...
>
> Glad my opinion was of value. How/when can we find out the survey answers?
The IPC delegates are completing this first questionnaire of a series in
Lausanne Switzerland as we speak. The next in the series will be via email in
March concerning Tandem issues.
I'll see if I can release some preliminary results as they are compiled, but
don't hold your breath.
Blue and copper might be all right, though? =B^)
kopperflash
> don't hold your breath.
>
Richard Yearsley
s.net>, kopperflash <koppe...@pdq.net> writes
>
>> don't hold your breath.
>>
>Don't worry everyone I know has learned to breath through Osmosis
>
>
invented a new kind of lung :)
--
Richard Yearsley
Alby Reid
WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
in your blood is water!
Alby (a scientist who wants to be a skydiver)
Richard Yearsley <ri...@cwcom.net> wrote in message news:<c9VlJIA4...@ricks-place.demon.co.uk>...
Colin Fitzmaurice
<Alby...@bigfoot.com> writes
>Sorry to do this but as a scientist I must. Osmosis is the transfer of
>WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
>gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
>Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
>spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
>in your blood is water!
>
>Alby (a scientist who wants to be a skydiver)
Next time I have to stick a litre of salt water into someone's veins to
keep them alive for a bit, I'll remember your advice. :)
BSBD
Colin Fitzmaurice http://www.theparachutecentre.com
The Parachute Centre
Tilstock Airfield
Whitchurch
Shropshire SY13 2HA
United Kingdom
+44 (0)1948 841111
jsk
like methanol or an inorganic solvent like anhydrous liquid ammonia
across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration gradient?
Keith Hoy
> >
> > Sorry to do this but as a scientist I must. Osmosis is the transfer of
> > WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
> > gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
> > Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
> > spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
> > in your blood is water!
> >
> > Alby (a scientist who wants to be a skydiver)
> >
"jsk" <jo...@kallend.net> wrote in message
news:3C61B55A...@kallend.net...
> What would you call it if it were transfer of, say, an organic solvent
> like methanol or an inorganic solvent like anhydrous liquid ammonia
> across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration gradient?
>
>
I'd call it disintegration of a semi-permeable membrane probably and the
solvent just passing through where there once was a membrane.
Whatever anhydrous liquid ammonia is,I don't think I would want it on my
membranes.
Keith.
kallend
It WAS a serious question. I've never seen osmosis restricted by
definition only to aqueous solutions, but then I'm not a physical
chemist.
Methanol on your membranes wouldn't be too bad, at least in the short
term. Prolly go blind long term.
Bryan Teeson
"kallend" <jo...@kallend.net> wrote in message
news:3C61FF62...@kallend.net...
> It WAS a serious question. I've never seen osmosis restricted by
> definition only to aqueous solutions, but then I'm not a physical
> chemist.
>
> Methanol on your membranes wouldn't be too bad, at least in the short
> term. Prolly go blind long term.
Meths is ok when you cant afford the sweet sherry or special brew
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
j.botham
> > Methanol on your membranes wouldn't be too bad, at least in the short
> > term. Prolly go blind long term.
>
> Meths is ok when you cant afford the sweet sherry or special brew
> !!!!!!!!!!!!!
Yeah, especially mixed with Bacardi Gold.
Rich Orford
>
> Meths is ok when you cant afford the sweet sherry or special brew
> !!!!!!!!!!!!!
Anyone know whatever happened to Thunderbird? That was the choice of the
discerning underage drinker when I was a lad and I'm sure it was pretty
close to Meths.
Winsor Naugler III
news:3C61FF62...@kallend.net...
From Encarta:
os·mo·sis [oz mssiss , oss mssiss ] noun
1. slow change in concentration: the flow of a solvent by diffusion
through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more
concentrated one, until the concentrations are equalized. It is a major
factor in regulating the movement of water into and out of tissues in living
organisms.
2. gradual absorption: the gradual, often unconscious, absorption of
knowledge or ideas through continual exposure rather than deliberate
learning She seemed to have picked up a working knowledge of Greek by
osmosis.
[Mid-19th century. Latinization of osmose.]
os·mot·ic [oz móttik ] adjective
kallend
Winsor Naugler III wrote:
>
Thanks, Winsor :-)
>
> [Image]
>
> [Image]
CRWMike
Rupert Connell
<snip>
Also
>
> From Encarta:
>
<snip>
Microsoft: Benevolent, unassuming, software manufacturer, often unjustly
accused of various allegations by scurrilous, jealous, lesser
corporations.
Slogan: "Where do we want you to go today?"
Oh, and they make Encarta.
Ru.
kopperflash
> Sorry to do this but as a scientist I must. Osmosis is the transfer of
> WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
> gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
> Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
> spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
> in your blood is water!
>
gills?
Joseph Walther
>
> > Sorry to do this but as a scientist I must. Osmosis is the transfer of
> > WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
> > gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
> > Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
> > spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
> > in your blood is water!
Walther responds...
This response is not to kopperflash but to the poster who posted the above.
I have been under the impression, all of these years, that osmosis refers to
the tendency of fluids (not just water) to pass through a membrane so as to
equalize concentrations on both sides.
Another definition through popular use is "an apparently effortless
absorption of ideas, feelings, etc."
Additionally, what about saline solution administered as a medical
treatment? Does this not contain water?
Regards and blues
Walther
Alby Reid
I'm not sure if it matters... anyone know?). There's no osmosis taking
place there.
Alby
"Joseph Walther" <jlwal...@home.com> wrote in message news:<xEI98.37085$X64.13...@news1.rdc2.pa.home.com>...
Bryan Teeson
"Alby Reid" <alby...@bigfoot.com> wrote in message
news:7b0e5011.0202...@posting.google.com...
> Yeah, but if it's medical you just stick it in a vein (or an artery,
> I'm not sure if it matters... anyone know?). There's no osmosis taking
> place there.
>
> Alby
>WATER across a semi-permeable membrane due to a concentration
>gradient. Osmosis refers only to the movement of water, not oxygen.
>Everybody in the world breathes due to oxygen dissolving from the tiny
>spaces in the lungs into the bloodstream and the last thing you want
>in your blood is water!
>
Next time I have to stick a litre of salt water into someone's veins to
john k.
Colin Fitzmaurice
<alby...@bigfoot.com> writes
>Yeah, but if it's medical you just stick it in a vein (or an artery,
>I'm not sure if it matters... anyone know?). There's no osmosis taking
>place there.
>
>Alby
If you stick an artery by mistake, you know.
Alby Reid
> What about the non-aqueous solvents, Alby?
Not osmosis.
john k.
Alby Reid wrote:
>
> "john k." <jo...@kallend.net> wrote in message news:<3C692CFF...@kallend.net>...
> > What about the non-aqueous solvents, Alby?
>
> Not osmosis.
>
Now why would science give a different name to a colligative phenomenon
just because the solvent was different?
Hint - check a good physical chemistry book or a good dictionary.
Winsor Naugler III
news:<3C692CFF...@kallend.net>...
> > What about the non-aqueous solvents, Alby?
>
> Not osmosis.
>
>
the aqueous, and subsequently considers them unworthy of the definition.
I can assure you that the mechanism upon which osmosis is dependent is
unrelated to the qualities unique to water.
In fact, the mechanism of osmosis is not limited to incompressible fluids,
and is used routinely with gases.
You need to get out more.
Blue skies,
Winsor