Use the source, Luke!
The TTS plug-in API is not an officially supported API and the details are likely to change in future Android platform releases.
(Although obviously we would not want to break backwards binary compatibility if at all possible.)
The source code is the best place to look for the details of the current system.
There are some open-source TTS plug-in engines you can look at too: one (and some docs) in the eyes-free project and also Flite.