Press Release
13 October 2008
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award The
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
2008 to
Paul Krugman
Princeton University, NJ, USA
"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"
International Trade and Economic Geography
Patterns of trade and location have always been key issues in the
economic debate. What are the effects of free trade and globalization?
What are the driving forces behind worldwide urbanization? Paul
Krugman has formulated a new theory to answer these questions. He has
thereby integrated the previously disparate research fields of
international trade and economic geography.
Krugman's approach is based on the premise that many goods and
services can be produced more cheaply in long series, a concept
generally known as economies of scale. Meanwhile, consumers demand a
varied supply of goods. As a result, small-scale production for a
local market is replaced by large-scale production for the world
market, where firms with similar products compete with one another.
Traditional trade theory assumes that countries are different and
explains why some countries export agricultural products whereas
others export industrial goods. The new theory clarifies why worldwide
trade is in fact dominated by countries which not only have similar
conditions, but also trade in similar products – for instance, a
country such as Sweden that both exports and imports cars. This kind
of trade enables specialization and large-scale production, which
result in lower prices and a greater diversity of commodities.
Economies of scale combined with reduced transport costs also help to
explain why an increasingly larger share of the world population lives
in cities and why similar economic activities are concentrated in the
same locations. Lower transport costs can trigger a self-reinforcing
process whereby a growing metropolitan population gives rise to
increased large-scale production, higher real wages and a more
diversified supply of goods. This, in turn, stimulates further
migration to cities. Krugman's theories have shown that the outcome of
these processes can well be that regions become divided into a high-
technology urbanized core and a less developed "periphery".
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paul Krugman, US citizen. Born 1953 in New York, NY, USA. Ph.D. 1977
from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton U
niversity, NJ, USA, since 2000.
wws.princeton.edu/people/display_person.xml?netid=pkrugman&
The Prize amount: SEK 10 million
Contact: Erik Huss, Press Officer and Editor, phone +46 8 673 95 44,
+46 70 673 96 50, erik...@kva.se
Joins Yasser Arafat as a Nobel Laureate ...
And Albert Einstein, Milton Friedman, and a huge list of huge
intellects. I understand that you don't understand, though, so I won't
tax your brain.
How bout them Red Sox, huh?
Pramer
Get your terms right. IOW, learn to speak English.
Obama is black, well-educated and successful. By definition- in the
United States at least- that makes him elite. "Elitist" is something
else altogether and there is no evidence whatsoever that that Obama fits
that definition.
This kind of error is rife in mindlessly partisan messages. Sometimes
it's a deliberate misrepresentation, but mostly it's just parroted,
suspiciously cut-and-paste. Again, learn to speak the language before
speaking at all, if you expect to have any political credibility. Voters
are much smarter now than when Karl Rove pulled their puppet strings.
BTW, the one and only thing the John McCain has done during his campaign
that inclines *this* undecided voter to cast my support his way was to
correct one of his hick firebrand supporters who called Obama an "arab".
When during that recent town hall meeting, McCain called Obama a decent
family man and one whose presidency we should not fear, I finally saw in
the Republican candidate the brilliant man I once voted for against
Bush. But it's probably 'way too late for McCain to win now, thanks to
the Republican Kool-Aid crowd.
Palin? As someone said elsewhere: she's little more than Dan Quayle in
drag, albeit perhaps daintier, and she typifies the shameful,
pathetically poor choices offered by the contemporary Republican party.
I was ranking them together in order of merit and politics ...
"Thrift is sexy." ;)