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Mark & Roslyn Elkington  
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 More options Jan 9 2002, 7:15 am
Newsgroups: talk.origins
From: "Mark & Roslyn Elkington" <mari...@zeta.org.au>
Date: 9 Jan 2002 07:11:30 -0500
Local: Wed, Jan 9 2002 7:11 am
Subject: Re: A musing

Ian Musgrave & Peta O'Donohue <ian.musgrave_ins...@adelaide.edu.au> wrote in
message news:e6U7PGH5OI5gKpBsS+VpaEzUoh8H@4ax.com...

> >> >The laws of physics and chemistry, the chance formation of a
> >> >self-replicating molecule,

> >> Why do you assume it is chance, rather than due to the laws of
> >> chemistry and physics.

> >Sure the laws chemical bonding etc etc apply, and fairly complex
molecules
> >can form in accordance with these laws. My assumption that these laws do
not
> >extend as far as prescribing the formation of seld replicating molecule
is
> >only an assumption, but it seems a well supported one considering the
> >failure of life-in-test tube experiments to produce such a molecule.

> Given that we have made many self-replicating molecues in the
> laboratory, your basic assumption is wrong. Some of these are very
> unlikely to have anything to do with the origin of life (like the one
> that works in chloroform), but they illustrate the principles of
> replication, even mutation, are not restricted to Life As We Know It,
> and is a general property of templating chemicals.

> >After 50 years of abiogenesis experiments we have Miller's amino acids
and
> >Fox's microspheres...an what else?

> Sugars, vitamins, co-factors, adenine, thyamine, cytosine, uracil and
> a host of related compounds, ATP, other high energy phosphates, high
> energy sulfur compounds, peptides, nucleotide oligomers, lipids, lipid
> vesicles, RNA ribozymes, ribozymal RNA polymerases.

> A list of some of the more relevnt findings (excluding the ribozymal
> RNA polymerase, I haven't put in the the database yet)

> Hunding A, and Engelhardt R.  (2000 Oct). Self-organization and
> evolution in a simulated cross catalyzed network Orig Life Evol Biosph
> , 30,  439-57.

> Luther A, Brandsch R, and von Kiedrowski G.  (1998 Nov 19).
> Surface-promoted replication and exponential amplification of DNA
> analogues. Nature , 396,  245-8.

> Smith JV.  (1998 Mar 31). Biochemical evolution. I. Polymerization On
> internal, organophilic silica surfaces of dealuminated zeolites and
> feldspars [In Process Citation] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 95,
> 3370-5.

> Yao S, Ghosh I, Zutshi R, and Chmielewski J.  (1998 Dec 3). Selective
> amplification by auto- and cross-catalysis in a replicating peptide
> system. Nature , 396,  447-50.

> Wiegand TW, Janssen RC, and Eaton BE.  (1997 Sep). Selection of RNA
> amide synthases. Chem Biol , 4,  675-83.

> Lee DH, Granja JR, Martinez JA, Severin K, and Ghadri MR.  (1996 Aug
> 8). A self-replicating peptide. Nature , 382,  525-8.

> Sievers D, and von Kiedrowski G.  (1994 May 19). Self-replication of
> complementary nucleotide-based oligomers [see comments] Nature , 369,
> 221-4.

> Breaker RR, and Joyce GF.  (1994 Jun 21). Emergence of a replicating
> species from an in vitro RNA evolution reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U
> S A , 91,  6093-7.

> Stadler PF.  (1991). Dynamics of autocatalytic reaction networks. IV:
> Inhomogeneous replicator networks. Biosystems , 26,  1-19.

> Miller SL.  (1987). Which organic compounds could have occurred on the
> prebiotic earth? Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol , 52,  17-27.

> Eigen M, and Schuster P.  (1977 Nov). The hypercycle. A principle of
> natural self-organization. Part A: Emergence of the hypercycle.
> Naturwissenschaften , 64,  541-65.

Gentle readers, Ian's reply here is perhaps an example of a cite-screen.
Ian knows his subject, and I appreciate and try to follow up links and refs
where possible, though I don't have convenient access to uni library.
However on this occassion I'll trump these with a t.o page on this subject.
This author at least acknowledges that abio is still closer to the
speculation rather than solution end of the scale:

"The problem of perception: Stanley Miller did such awe-inspiring
experiments that we are stuck in a particular abiogenetic paradigm: life
must have come from amino acids synthesized in the atmosphere and dissolved
in a giant pond. This is still roughly the public's perception. However, the
community has moved beyond this, albeit slowly. While my meanderings are not
the only possible description, I hope that they provide a coherent pathway
for those who have not previously considered the challenge in detail.
Obviously, there are still great problems: the synthesis of nucleosides, the
breakdown of oligomers (not considered here), the synthesis of pyrimidines
(not considered, and to some extent not necessary: purines can
self-replicate via non-Watson-Crick base pairs). However, other stumbling
blocks (the synthesis of ribose, the selection from random strings) have
begun to fall."

"Perhaps this more or less even-handed treatment of abiogenesis will give
comfort to creationists or to those who see intelligent design, but I warn
them: to trumpet the barrier today is to eat your words when it falls
tomorrow. If you make a proof of Jesus (or Buddha or any supernaturalism) on
the back of abiogenesis, be prepared for the disproof as well. Such a
disproof is unfair, and not necessarily logically linked, but it will be so
perceived."
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-abiogenesis.html

More bluntly:

"...Evolutionists are convinced that abiogenesis happened, but science has
been frustrated it its attempt to account for this process. This statement
from Harold P. Klien, who was the chairman of a National Academy of Sciences
committee reviewing origins of life research, captures the frustration, "The
simplest bacterium is so damn complicated from the point of view of a
chemist that it is almost impossible to imagine how it [abiogenesis]
happened. Even if scientists do create something with lifelike properties in
the laboratory, they must still wonder: Is that how it happened in the first
place? " (120, 125). Further research and discovery in this area has only
served to complicate things. As the sciences of biochemistry and genetics
develop, the problem of abiogenesis has become that much more intractable.
In July of 1999 the international conference of origin-of-life scientists
met in San Diego, CA. The mood observed by two of the participants was
described as "Grim, full of frustration, pessimism, and desperation" (Fazale
and Ross). One of the foremost experts in this area is the highly respected
biochemist Klause Dose, who summed up the situation this way:

'More than thirty years of experimentation on the origin of life in the
fields of chemical and molecular evolution have led to a better perception
of the immensity of the problem of the origin of life on Earth rather than
to its solution. At present all discussions on principle theories and
experiments in the field either end in stalemate or in a confession of
ignorance.' [Dose, Klaus. "The Origin of Life: More Questions than Answers."
Interdisciplinary Science Review 13 1998]"
http://campus.murraystate.edu/staff/scott.thile/Christian/Design.html

rgds,
Mark


 
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