Gerald Raunig

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gregg smith

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Feb 16, 2006, 6:37:21 AM2/16/06
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Welcome to the discussion forum, The value of 'socially-engaged art.'
 
The discussions will be inititiated by three texts which have been comissioned as responses to this theme. We begin with a text by Gerald Raunig, entitled:
 
Art and Politics: The great divide
 
In my central-eurocentric view of the art field, an old figure comes up again and again: the rigid division between art and politics. On the one hand, moody commentaries stress pleasure as the primary aspect of the reception of art; for the field of politics, on the other hand, there is a call for the earnestness of "real rationality". Fun and creativity here, uncreative yet politically efficient political work there. In the case of documenta 10 and 11, for instance, there are recurrent references to the allegedly exaggerated austerity, an overly heavy emphasis on politics and discourse. At the same time, the new documenta director Roger Buergel stresses the "special character of art" "in contrast to … political propaganda". Underlying these kinds of needs for separation, there are often class-specific interests and the mechanisms of the art market, but also a current development that could be described as a paradoxical mix of neo-conservative and neo-liberal tendencies. They are neo-conservative to the extent that they still or again seem to defend the purity of art against uncontrollable political swarms, to defend an understanding of art that stems from a Bildungsbürgertum that has passed away; they are neo-liberal in the sense that the ideology of freedom of art is transformed in affirming a spectacular exhibition business that has little use for the "earnestness" and the "austerity" of the political.
 
On the other hand, in other realms of the art field – such as in the conference Klartext that was organized a year ago in Berlin – a hunger for activism is noted. However, this seems to be more of a hunger for a form of “soft activism” that is about controlling and integrating what used to be the audience, than about radical social criticism and change: here art is supposed to help transform the boisterous multitudes into a manageable group in and around museums. Undifferentiating critics all too quickly equate this tamed “art activism” in the form of community art, participative art and relational aesthetics with certain very different practices of intervention art, communication guerrilla and activist approaches that apply fundamentally different methods. Whereas the former impel identitary and communitary strategies, seeking to redistribute and apportion space, the latter tend to distribute themselves in space without fixing the space as antecedent, stable and hierarchical. When these two completely different policies are blurred, whether out of ignorance or maliciousness, this lays the foundation for carrying out an all-encompassing criticism of every form of activist art, whether it is soft or hard, structure- or machine-like, striating the space or producing it. On the basis of this reduction and confusion, it becomes easy to criticize activist art practices on the whole and revoke a (re-) turn from the process to the object, partly with the rehashed conceptual tools of the aesthetics of the 18th and 19th century (autonomy, beauty, aesthetic experience, etc.), partly with the brute force of the PC hammer: today's political (art) practices are said to be "politically correct" and hence without humor or pleasure.
 
Where does this lead, this rigid division into an art that has to be fun and only fun, and politics whose effectiveness is allegedly only reached by earnestly following a straight line to achieve an objective? It leads to a depoliticization of both fields. The rigid division of the fields, setting a border that is as solid and insurmountable as possible, is not only to be understood as a false description, but it also has a normative function in the respective contexts. Politics in the sense of organs of representative democracy have every reason to instrumentalize art for beautification, rather than drawing on the critique of representation; actors in the art field may profit from distinction with a superficial political enrichment of their practices, but then they are generally satisfied with themselves. So there are quite strong tactical reasons for sticking to rigid divisions of political and artistic practices as well as for bashing concrete forms of radical art activism and activist art that create overlaps of the political and the aesthetical.
 
On the other side there is the pathos of crossing borders, of exodus to the other side, transgression in the sense of a transcendence into another world, analogous to the fantasy of the separation dissolving in something beyond power relations, beyond capitalism, etc. Overcoming the border, eliminating it or simply crossing it may sound seducing at first. Yet the cathartic practice of carnivalesque, Dionysian transgression results in the hangover of integration, and when the Gesamtkunstwerk comes into play, then the total state is not far away.
 
Nevertheless, i think it is worth while to take a closer look at overlapping forms of art and activism that overcome simplistic ideas of transcendent transgression. But how could transgression be imagined as both a non-totalitarian and non-transcendental phenomenon, as transgression in the plane of immanence? How could a kind of immanent transgression be imagined, in which masks cover nothing other than more masks, in which transgression is not a matter of a prefigured border separating two identities from one another, nor a matter of destroying that border, but rather of changing its quality?
 
 
 
Gerald Raunig is a philosopher is an art theoretician, living in Vienna. He is co- director of eipcp (European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies), Vienna; co-ordinator of the transnational research projects /republicart/ ( http://republicart.net , 2002-2005) and /transform/ ( http://transform.eipcp.net , 2005-2008); lecturer on political aesthetics at the Institute for Philosophy, University of Klagenfurt/A and at the Department of Visual Studies, University of Lüneburg/D, member of the editorial board of the Austrian journal for radical democratic cultural politics, /Kulturrisse/ ( http://www.igkultur.at/igkultur/kulturrisse ) and (co-)editor of two series of books at Turia+Kant, Vienna: "republicart. Kunst und Öffentlichkeit" and "es kommt darauf an. Texte zur Theorie der politischen Praxis"; numerous lectures, essays and publications in the fields of contemporary philosophy, art theory, political aesthetics and cultural politics.
Recent books: /Kunst und Revolution. //Künstlerischer Aktivismus im langen 20. Jahrhundert/, Wien: Turia+Kant 2005; /PUBLICUM. Theorien der Öffentlichkeit/, Wien: Turia+Kant 2005 (ed. by Gerald Raunig and Ulf Wuggenig).


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shepherd steiner

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Feb 16, 2006, 5:15:48 PM2/16/06
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My name is Shep Steiner, I am an art critic and part time theorist. Allow me
to respond to Gerald Raunig’s excellent and complex introduction by first
acknowledging that his breakdown between art and politics -- and following
from this, his identification of an intermediate stance that bridges this
divide (something it seems he is variously for and against as I will
articulate) -- is played out on the current grounds of art, and inasmuch,
usefully maps out a range or spectrum of possible positions for art at the
present moment. (I will be interested to hear if this adequately represents
the spectrum of practices in South Africa.) If the two poles of contemporary
practice are politically engaged art and traditional aesthetic practices
which value beauty, and I’m sure he is right on this point, then there is no
doubt that practices which attempt to bridge this divide have a certain
currency or use value at the present moment. His cautionary tale that the
value of these latter practices should not however be overestimated is
important: as he puts it even here, “the total state is not far away.”

Thus, his compelling set of questions beginning with the aim to “look at

overlapping forms of art and activism that overcome simplistic ideas of

transcendent transgression;” and his interest in “how transgression (can) be

imagined as both a non-totalitarian and non-transcendental phenomenon, as

transgression in the plane of immanence.” Thus, also, the valuation of a
kind of practice that I can only imagine as one which transparently sutures
a performative and constative moment of overlap, and further that escapes
this dialectical closure. If I have adequately summarized Raunig’s point of
interest here, I am sympathetic to his position (with a few qualifications),
but I would like to know and hear more about how he sees and how others see
certain exemplary practices escaping the clutches of such totalizing
imperatives and sets of ideological closures. I have my own hunch that I
will get to in a moment. To my mind, championing the contingencies of the
momentary or the specificities of place are not enough to secure this double
prerogative. Further, I would argue that rather than simply limiting or only
pinning hope on the intermediate term of a spectrum of practices,
possibility potentially lies within each and every unique practice that
makes up the cultural spectrum. This is not cultural relativism, this
confronts the problem of value in Democracy head on, by recognizing that
potentiality is an aporetic structure, seated in unique and exemplary forms
of practice that entirely escapes systematization. In other words, to take
the example of activist art, because the category of the aesthetic
underwrites the use-value of whatever terms of political engagement seem
urgent at whatever time and place, then that unique aesthetic moment can be
opened up to change -- but not completely, the aesthetic is a slippery fish,
it is variable, changes from moment to moment, and only thrives only in a
hypoxic environment – it never really comes up for air, but only seems to
surface or materialize when constative and perfomative moments find a
comfortable unity.

In a sense then, one of the interesting things Raunig seems to be suggesting
or at least tip-toeing around, and I would like to hear him say more on this
touchy issue, is showing up the paucity of practices that position
themselves vis-à-vis other practices in the cultural field -- simplistic
transgression being presumably a transgression that at least in part takes a
stand against someone or something else. I could be very wrong on this
point, but overcoming interpersonal, and further dialectical oppositions
seems to warrant this. To some extent he shows the designations of Left and
Right to be the leftovers of an older vocabulary that no longer have as good
a purchase on the landscape as they once did, though he is not willing to
entirely dismiss the vocabulary for fear of falling into relativism or the
hands of conservative politics and worse. I for one feel this danger. Given
that Raunig’s vocabulary is rooted in Deleuze and Guattari I would be
interested to hear how artists, curators and critics negotiate this terrain
in the South African context. More precisely I would be interested in
hearing about the ways in which you do so by prioritizing what Deleuze and
Guatarri call in Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature, “an asignifying intensive
utilization of language.”(22) They say unequivocably: “There is nothing
that is major or revolutionary except the minor.”(26) The very literary
origin of their politics interests me. I think it has a purchase on our
experience of narrative in contemporary art, on how contemporary art offers
up a range of ways to live differently, without finally nailing anything
(say meaning) down absolutely. Most interestingly perhaps, it reminds us
that their politics for a minor literature is grounded in a very traditional
and even modernist notion of expression, something that they explicitly
argue is not reterritorializable in sense. So much for dismissing the
highest art in the highest places; even if it is a bourgeois archaism or a
left over of the twentieth century, such practices remain one of a number of
possibilities of what art can be. Moreover, it gestures toward ways of
conceptualizing more recent collective, collaborative, spontaneous, or
intentional projects, etc., that may in fact be mining new forms of
expression, and not targeting new audiences, as Raunig deftly puts it.

In any case, the provocative call that Raunig puts forth for “transgression…

imagined as both a non-totalitarian and non-transcendental phenomenon, as

transgression in the plane of immanence” remains: I hope to have only
focused his point on the question of expression, and expanded the possible
field of inclusiveness.


Nathaniel Stern

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Feb 17, 2006, 1:30:38 AM2/17/06
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Howdy. nathaniel stern, art-geek, here. I'm leaving off bios and
things about my own work - you can visit the link to my site below if
you'd like to know more about me.

Rather than begin or respond in the format that seems to have already
taken shape on this list, I'd like to pose a few questions-as-
provocations that may write across some of the points made thus far -
this is not to devalue anything anyone has said, but rather to
propose an/other discourse, perhaps a stab at the "non-totalitarian
and non-transcendental," a way to further 'complexify' and avoid too
much reduction in face of a good argument... Some notes and things:

Are there no aesthetic choices made, something not spectacularly
beautiful, when we watch Stephen Cohen drinking his own enema?

In South Africa and beyond, is there any mode of art-making, of not-
art-making, of art-labeling, of art relationality that is completely
apolitical, even if aesthetic in origins? In a country where, until
11 years ago, producing art always already meant a challenge to the
apartheid state on some level.... I feel an Agamben "inclusion
through exclusion" coming on.

I think intention, and not passivity, is the only way of completely
avoiding any and all political acts in a work of art - and the
signification of absence would most likely speak volumes here.

Altho I applaud any and all references to Trey Parker, especially
when involving American-government bashing, I wonder about these as
necessarily being diametrically opposed: art-for-sale or public art.

That being said, the word 'transgress' itself, despite its definition
of going beyond or outside boundaries, presupposes said boundaries.
I'd propose a discussion where countries, artists, arts, etc, are
more "boundary projects" (Haraway), emergent and relational.
Incipient, perhaps? An intervention, then, might be said to attempt
'transfiguration,' and aesthetic art-works (verb, not noun) could be
a counter-investment in modes of perception itself (albeit, most
often, looking), on some level; "aesthetic art" has been on this
trajectory since the Impressionists, and I'm not sure anyone is yet
to escape that discourse....

I often surprise myself at how quick I am to jump in, argue, take a
side and debate when two sides are posed, even if beforehand, I never
would have taken either of the two categories to be my choice.

nathaniel (a boundary project) stern
http://nathanielstern.com

Ed Young

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Feb 17, 2006, 6:36:38 AM2/17/06
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WEATHER: 26 DEGREES

LUNCH: HEINEKEN

 

Good Morning all. Nathaniel, I am really sorry if I made you feel you had to choose a category (was that me?). I am the last to propose such strategies, but I guess my frivolous commentary will be taken seriously from time to time. But, to pick up from yesterday, I wish to outline some of my own concerns surrounding what is commonly known as socially engaging. And I am not so clear about some of these issues so perhaps some of you can shine a torch on the matter.

 

An artist doesn’t really exist unless they’re having exhibitions in a gallery. And an exhibition never really happened unless it’s been covered by an art magazine. Ad space is taken out in magazines to advertise the shows. And to keep the general communication system going. The system is based on the idea that magazines will cover the shows. It’s not a direct financial relationship, where reviews are actually paid for. But it is nearly. On the other hand, it’s a system that seems to work quite well.

Matthew Collings

 

The bulk of our knowledge of the international art world, and in many cases within the local South African art scene, is based largely on what we read in magazines, art books and the art press. To most individuals these exhibitions exist mainly in written form and within the viewer’s personal mental constructions. It is a different world to that of international metropolitan art centres such as Paris, New York and London, with their corps of professional critics, curators and above all, internationally recognised artists.

 

It is interesting to note the international art world’s acceptance of this status quo. However, it also functions within its own structures and complexities. Kendell Geers has commented that:

 

Life in the art loop is very fragile, even for those you think are secure. Not even the cover of an art magazine is a guarantee for longer than six months.

 

It should also be remembered that this applies mainly to those who have already broken through the international art system. Because of a lack of engagement and critical exploration, most young South African artists are easily satisfied with a mere mention in the popular press. Making the cover of the only art magazine in South Africa would be beyond the ambitions of most.

 

My interest is situated partially within the aspect of how the viewer constructs his/her own mental picture of the events of an exhibition. However, I am also interested in how the artist is able to manipulate and guide the media.

 

My work has constantly referenced media responses, thus the works developed parallel to the media interest that has frequently surrounded my production.

 

I believe that the public arena that this work occupies is located in the media, not just in news articles but also in the form of SMS wars with the “but is it art” debate. And this is where it gets really interesting. Because it starts involving audiences and debates from regions one would never dream of engaging, even elderly ladies. And because these responses remain mostly negative, the debate gets heated. I am not interested in a good debate. I am interested in any debate. So when this kind of strategy can be used to engage a wider audience it is good enough for me.

 

This is what I meant yesterday: when the term “socially-engaged” art gets mentioned, one is immediately reminded of community based work, political work, Stephen Hobbs and urban development with ‘Senegalese man’, and the like. But for me if this term can mean pissing off (or should it be pissing on?) the general public, it is a good start. When I am confronted by a local Long Street street kid saying: “I saw again what you did in the newspaper today, now give me some money, I want to go swim”, then I think something is starting to work. Don’t get me wrong; I am not dismissing community-based work. But in this case I feel that there are so many areas where development can take place. Socially engaging work is a very broad term. And I think that this broad spectrum should be considered as a whole. And what better place than the media…

marion hamm

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Feb 17, 2006, 9:57:54 AM2/17/06
to The value of socially engaged art
hello, all

I'm coming to this debate from a different framework - that of
"artistically engaged activism", if you want. I have participated and
written about Reclaim the Streets in London and the European noborder
network, and am now working with and writing about
http://indymedia.org.uk.

In this framework, art comes in big time, but more as a practice of
appropriating public space; only very rarely as participation in "the
art world". Artistic practice within the framework of radical politics
or "activism" doesn't ask for political correctness, and it doesn't
care much for definitions of "art" or "politics". The criteria is more
one of "efficiency for a social movement".

I guess this approach touches on what Gerald refers to when he asks:


"How could a kind of immanent transgression be imagined, in which masks
cover nothing other than more masks, in which transgression is not a
matter of a prefigured border separating two identities from one
another, nor a matter of destroying that border, but rather of changing
its quality?"

I'll give you three examples of this "artistically engaged activism":
(1) Tactical Frivolity (2001), (2) The Yes Men, (3) Claremont Road
Campaign (1994). I'd be interested to hear your views about this type
of art - does it belong in this discussion? How does it relate to the
practice many of you are engaged in? How does it relate to the artworld
in general, are there connections? Can you point me to other projects
that may have a similar approach?

(1) During the protests against the World Bank meeting in Prague, 2000,
a bunch of frivoulously dressed pink fairies came closest to the
heavily securiced conference center, some of them even managed to enter
and chat to the delegates:
http://www.burngreave.net/~nick/Pinkbloc.htm

A clip on the indymedia-video "Rebel Colours" shows the fairies dancing
towards a line of riot cops guarding the conference center, accompanied
by samba drums. The cops retreat. The carnivalesque play with meanings
of protest, feminity, sexuality caused irritation. Only for a little
while though, the clip ends with the frivolous fairies running away in
all directions, trying to escape the truncheons of the riot cops.
Quoting from Kate Evan's report:

"Doing an action in a carnival costume is mental. For women, facing
all-male riot police, it is a way of exploiting our vulnerability,
making them see that we're people, not just things to be hit. We all
got hit, but there were some charmed moments. Caz hung back when others
ran, walking in her huge silver costume. With her pink confection of
hair and voluminous skirts she was like the figurehead of our march, a
woman, alone. She and the line of pigs met, and they didn't hit her,
it was like for a moment they couldn't hit her; they pushed her
instead."

Art as activist practice: The objective was to shut down a meeting of
the imf and worldbank whose politics are highly objectionable. The
method employed by "tactical frivolity" was unexpected performance,
involving costumes, dance, sound and a resolute determination not to be
stopped. The practical preparation process involved, amongst other
things, communication with other parts of what is now called "global
justice movement", taking material and sawing machines to Prague,
making costumes with many others in the convergence center, talking
about the tactics with hundreds of other activists.

The actions of "tactical frivolity" in Prague could be read as an art
performance - using tools of visual communication, an instinctively
efficient knowledge of the challenging potential of aesthetics, being
able to imagine a visually powerful performance ("the artists gaze"),
the skills to materialise this imaginary performance in real space.

And these actions could be read as "socially engaged" - not just
because they were participating in a big protest, but also because the
process involved engaging and skill sharing with a global activist
community, thereby building a positive environment for creative
activities.

But then, this doesn't work if we apply the definition provided by Ed
Young quoting Matthew Collins ("An artist doesn't really exist unless
they're having exhibitions in a gallery etc").
And I doubt that Tactical Frivolity would have been prepared to
perform, say, in the London Barbican. I guess this would not be seen as
particularly efficient from a direct action point of view. It might
have turned the Tactical Frivolity Crew into well-acclaimed performance
artists, but I would assume that this was not part of their objectives.

(2) The actions of the yesmen are another example for "transgressive
action", that is not a matter of destroying the border between art and
activism, but rather of changing its quality. They are much closer to
the artworld than Tactical Frivolity - have had lots of media
attention, exhibited in "official" art spaces etc.
Check them out:
http://www.yesmen.com/ ;-)
and here:
http://www.theyesmen.org/

(3). A third example would be the use of art practices within "Reclaim
the Streets" in London. If you want some background about this
"imaginative form of political articulation", you could browse their
website
http://www.reclaimthestreets.net/,
or have a look at an article I wrote a while ago:
http://republicart.net/disc/hybridresistance/hamm01_en.htm.

Art practices were especially visible during the campaign against the
building of the M11 link road in London, 1994, one of the precursors of
"Reclaim the Streets". For months, people occupied Claremont Road, one
of the roads earmarked for demolition. A quote from the magazine
"aufheben"
http://www.geocities.com/aufheben2/auf_mckay.html
in an article that was published in Steve McKay (ed): DiY Culture:
Party & Protest in Nineties Britain, 1998), describes the use of art
practices within the framework of "reclaiming space":


"People took over the tarmac of the street itself, and only part of it
was open to vehicles. (...) One of the elders of the campaign initiated
the closing of the main part of the street to traffic by building
artworks on the actual tarmac. These works of art were made from
objects in the natural and artificial environment: tree stumps, chains,
bicycle parts etc. This was followed by the turning of the street
itself into a 'living room' by using the furniture, carpets, fittings
and other objects from some of the houses on the street to make actual
rooms on the street. Each had its own character. These rooms did not
simply operate as art - they were functional as living spaces. This
came to be seen as a deliberate echo of (idealized) pre-car communities
where children could play in the street, neighbours socialize etc.
without fear of being knocked down. As more objects filled the street,
and more people took over the road, Claremont was also becoming a
virtual no-go area for the police. In the early days, a local sergeant
would patrol regularly and knock down the artwork each time he went
past. But eventually he stopped going down the street at all. At the
time, we felt we had excluded the police through our own numbers and
power etc.; but in fact part of it was that the police were being
diplomatic. When they deemed the time to be right they came in when
they wanted - as on the 2nd of August when four of our houses were
evicted and demolished with the aid of riot police. Throughout,
however, people led the police to believe that all the artwork and
other objects in the street were easily movable, but in fact many of
them were cemented into the street, or filled with earth and rubble so
they could function as barricades.
In sum, this daily existence of thoroughgoing struggle was
simultaneously a negative act (stopping the road etc.) and a positive
pointer to the kind of social relations that could be: no money, the
end of exchange values, communal living, no wage labour, no ownership
of space."

I was trying to find some pictures of these artworks on the web. This
is the best I can come up with:
http://www.geocities.com/londondestruction/claremont.html

Looking forward to your comments

Marion

Nathaniel Stern

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Feb 18, 2006, 1:54:06 AM2/18/06
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Only pointing out the opposing sides you inadvertently set up in your
first sentence/email, so no need to apologize - but I'll gladly bank
that apology for the inevitable day when I am insulted by something
you say or do.

;),

nathaniel
http://nathanielstern.com

gerald raunig

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Feb 18, 2006, 7:04:47 PM2/18/06
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Ed Young

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Feb 19, 2006, 3:57:33 PM2/19/06
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Hey all.
 
Fernanda, it is interesting that you mentioned the lavatory facilities in the museum. Just last week, arts facilitator Christian Nerf was working with a couple of young students from Stellenbosch: a small university town about an hour out of Cape Town. His main objective was to set certain tasks. The one that interests me is when Nerf got a bus, shipped these poor students out, lined them up outside our National gallery. And asked of them only to use the loo in the space.
 
Obviously this kind of act could be read as a representation of the fact that we only have crap to show in our national collection, but I don’t think this is important. Even if there was something to see then I think this action is still valid. I mean really…
 
I have a problem with what Marion Hamm has to offer. Art need not be functional. I have heard too many a young students say they want to change the world. Or that they will become art therapists when they grow up. I also thought of making a functional chair once or twice in my career.
 
And this is where I have a problem with Zen Marie. I am not pulling the political out of this kind of work but when I do find this work purely political, it is often easy, self-indulgent and unfair. As Marie pointed out these issues are hugely complex and I wish that this is what we can engage with rather.
 
Art-as-fuctional-as-political-as-saving-the-world seems far more self-indulging than the artist’s ego, as these individuals have egos themselves and are taking very very safe routes in trying to accomplish such goals. It’s so fucking easy…
 
Even Marie is a bit of a victim of this himself.
 
And back to Fernanda: of course you shouldn’t give in to what these curators tell you. I think what we don’t realize is that when one produces work accordingly to a structure that depends on it. I don’t think it works. When work becomes overtly socially engaging the mask falls off. It becomes literal and stale and has very little lasting power. Fernanda, no matter what you do you cannot escape your context. And this is when it becomes a little bit more interesting. The subtleties which may occur in you’re work.
 
Anyway. Enough of this rant. But what Hamm does not engage with is the fact that these structures do exist, as much as [we] dislike it. When we attack from the outside we end up shooting blanks, and it is only from within these structures that one can actually find change (see obvious example Maurizio Cattelan). So please do not try and convince me of any protest art. I have seen enough of it.
 
Signing off as Cape Town has had yet another power failure….
 
And Nathaniel, it’s good too have some credit in the back pocket.

Jeannine Diego Medina

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Feb 19, 2006, 10:01:15 PM2/19/06
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My name is Jeannine Diego, I am a writer and translator based in Mexico City. Given that, currently and quite inopportunely, I haven't constant access to Internet, I apologize in advance for the possibility that my comments may overlap what has already been said and are somewhat ‘behind’ in terms of newer comments. Having said that, I will immediately address the topic proposed, regarding ‘socially-engaged art’, and somewhat in response to the essay by Gerald Raunig, as well as to the comments issued specifically by Achille Mbembe, and up to those issued by Jill Magid and Shep Steiner (I have yet to read others’ comments on the subject).
 
With regard to the essay by Gerald Raunig, I can only second the questions posed by both Achille Mbembe and by Shep Steiner, and rather than furthering these eloquently expressed concerns (except to simply quote Shep Steiner: “…championing the contingencies of the momentary or the specificities of a place (here, I would add ‘and/or personal circumstance’) are not enough to secure this double prerogative”), I would like to echo some of what has been said by Achille Mbembe, given the fact that the concerns offered very much reflect not only my own, but also a position which, in my opinion, is the result of a circumstance very closely linked to that of Latin America, in terms of speaking from the so-called ‘periphery’.
 
Firstly, then, for the sake of brevity, I will list the concerns expressed by Mbembe and that I wish to echo, in the form of quotes, then attempting a further exploration of these concerns as a whole, from what I perceive to be the Latin American circumstance (if I may dare to group the diversity of circumstances of our countries, in the knowledge, nonetheless, that this type of generalization can very well entail a risk of oversimplification or of overlooking particularities):
 
1.      “…the past doesn’t seem to be providing any stable referent for identity or for action.”
2.      “…what is our present… that we are living in and experiencing in such a way that we can say we are our own contemporaries?”.
3.      “…the present is a matter of accountability and there is no way in which […] we can escape that duty of accountability.”
4.      “…it is the question of human proximity that is indeed at the center of love, sex, rituals of self-preservation, which are themselves unthinkable without the rituals of preservation of the other.”
5.      “It is the question of the encounter with the other. […] radical art, radical thought, radical politics, are losing that edge because the question of the encounter with the other has been somewhat displaced. […] Meaning the act of making the other’s death my business.”
6.      “How do we reactivate all of those things in such a way as to indeed counter those other politics in which the enemy becomes indeed dear?”
7.      “The third haunting figure in this trilogy is the figure of the stranger.”
8.      “…there is a new question of being human which […] [for] those of us who live far away from the old civilizations who think they have resolved it long ago. We have an opportunity to produce around those issues a proposition that is new and radical…”
 
 
Firstly, I wish to stress the importance of situating ourselves within our present (in direct relation to how this affects our production of “socially-engaged art”), of reaching the point whereupon we can state that we are, in fact “our own contemporaries”, of what Mbembe mentions as “accountability”. Something which I think is directly linked to the figure contained within the same discourse, in terms of “the stranger”, “the enemy”, and which is as well directly proportionate not only to the production of socially-engaged art, but to the formation of a consensus around abstract objectives that, more often than not, target abstract aims (aims and targets that shift according to the market of which they are endemic: one needs nothing more than to review recent history in order to confirm the ever-shifting nature of said targets and/or aims).
 
How to become accountable for our present, accountable to ourselves?
 
I think that this question can be answered with another: How did we get here?
 
And, simply as a matter of playful image or reference in terms of this same question: Hansel and Gretel (bread crumbs, etc.).
 
How are we supposed to know where we are, when, as indeed was stated by Mbembe, “…the past doesn’t seem to be providing any stable referent for identity or for action.”, when, in art as in life (perhaps the distinction itself is absurd), what is being experienced and enabled primarity by "markets" is, yes, immanence (using, now, the concept proposed by Raunig), but a rather gratuitous immanence. Immanence toward a center, a center which is by no means situated, geographically, culturally or socially speaking, in the “souths”, a center that represents interests (political, economic, social, etc.) not merely outside of our own, but, I would dare say, actually in opposition to our own. An immanence that overlooks, that excludes, and that, ultimately, will run you/me (too) over. An immanence that generates what looks, tastes, and even feels, like “socially-engaged art”, simply because it fits into the scheme dictated by.. well, by the markets (… and, hey! It even looks cool!… and, better yet, I didn’t even get dirty!… I’m sorry… I had to throw in a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor… I’ll try to keep it serious).
 
I think it is precisely an issue of the past, of our past, of rethinking and re-signifying the past, of creating those referents for identity and for action (identity being, in my opinion, the key concept). We can become accountable through 3 processes which I believe are interrelated and interdependent:
1. “historical anamnesis”,
2. via, precisely, an “encounter with the other”, and further,
3. via strategies of intimacy that enable “the act of making the other’s death my business” (I couldn’t have said it better myself). 
 
A central element to the issue of socially-engaged art, of the identitary issues that socially-engaged art entails, is a phenomenon that I feel to be quite strong at least in Latin America, and I can only term it as “historical amnesia”. A forgetting that results from the imperative need (speaking of immanence) and vertiginous race to secure a place, a position (as nation, as artist, as social actor), to be accepted, within these centers of economic, cultural, and political power. Visibility, yes, but at what cost?
 
It is not, and I stress, it is not, about nostalgia. It is about our recognizing ourselves in ou¡r diversity, about rescuing our living history, about engaging in a retro/prospective exploration of our own history, about acknowledging the crumbs that were dropped by others or even by our very own selves, before now, before we got here. Where they were dropped and why. Who’s shoulders are we standing on? Where do we want to go from here (how can we know where to go, when we don't know where we've come from?)? According to who’s set of values are we determining what is valid or not in terms of social enagement, in terms of socially-engaged art practices?
 
“The UNESCO report titled Our Creative Diversity, (known as the Pérez Cuellar report), insists on the danger implicit in the possibility that the internationalization of cultural processes might ‘inundate other tastes and interests’, and more so, taking into account that ‘for the poorest, their own values are often the only thing they can affirm’. In another passage, the report expresses that ‘insofar as the cultural industries acquire great economic importance, an inevitable tension is generated between the objectives which are essentially cultural, and the logic of the market; between commercial interests and the desire for a content that reflects diversity’.”
 
Echoing a comment issued to this respect by Silvia Aguilera, of LOM Editors in Chile, “We believe, thus, in the power of writing as an act that liberates, and in this context, we understand that role as an exercise intended to awaken, call attention to, provoke, produce tension, the rupture or the connection that signifies a glimmer, a contribution to the medium in which we are inserted, a contribution to reflection and critique.  Our role should contribute in such a way that our people appropriate themselves of their past in order to see themselves and find themselves within it, to think it and build a future, contributing, in turn, to avoiding the imposition of a logic that violates the human species. The intervention […] is to remind ourselves each day that we are alive and that we have the capacity to think and propose, that there are other worlds to be known, that we can think ourselves from the place where we are, that the act of creating is an act of building, a propositive act, that we can still be the subjects of our history.”
 
In general terms, I believe that every form of artistic expression is, by default, a response to and a reflection of (whether conscious or subconscious, whether direct or indirect) of a reality lived and experienced. The danger that I can see, rather, lies, perhaps, in engaging in these practices via the utilization of the social as stage, as scenario, as landscape, in falling prey to an exploitative use of the ‘marginal’, taking it to the plane of the aesthetic, yet disengaged, in actual fact, from the ‘problem’ itself, from the whole of society itself, or from the social issue it proposes to highlight. As long as “socially-engaged art” reiterates and reaffirms distance (not only between me and the other, but between me, the artist, opposite That reality, for example), as long as otherness remains nothing more than an aesthetic element, we will continue to argue along the lines of the dichotomies proposed by Graunig, and, more importantly, we continue to run the risk of either being “othered” ourselves at some point in time (politically, economically, socially), or, worse still, of “othering” ourselves.
 
To me, it is not an issue of whether art should or not be socially engaged (to quote Mbembe: “…there is a new question of being human which […] [for] those of us who live far away from the old civilizations who think they have resolved it long ago”), but rather, of HOW we, as thinkers, as communicators, relate to the social. How we position ourselves within it, how we recognize ourselves within it, how open we are to reciprocal processes of engagement.
 
To quote Jorge Luis Borges, in a comment regarding his native Argentina (Evaristo Carriego, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 1998. pp 19-20): “…only new countries have a past; which is to say, an autobiographical memory of it, which is to say, they have a living history. If time is succession, we must acknowledge that where there is a greater density of events, more time flows and that the deepest river is that of this inconsequential part of the world. […] The young, despite themselves, feel it. Here, we are of the same time as time, we are the brothers of time.”
 
I firmly believe that one of the most effective ways in which we can achieve a different type of approach, and hence, result, is via an immersion in our respective and diverse realities, circumstance, etc. The encounter with the other proposed by Mbembe. Intimacy. I would like to address the issue of intimacy, of the stranger/enemy, with one last quote, this time, from a friend and collaborator, Gabriel Restrepo, Colombian sociologist. His exploration of the notion of “hospitality” is worth taking note of (the ethymology of the term is rather telling):
 
“The concept of hospitality is much more broad than the derivative use of words such as “hospital” or “hospice”, or other similar terms such as “hotel”, “hostel”, these places – non-places- that take in the ill or travelers. An examination of the etymology of the noun “guest” helps to understand the richness of this term. The voice comes from the Latin root “hospes”, although a conjunction of two more ancient voices is made, stemming from the Indo-European root “hospis-pet-s”, a term which, according to the now-classic Emilio Benveniste, means “the master of the guest”.

To summarize, this means that the “hosti” – from which the English word “ghost” stems, as well as the German word “Gast” which designates the invitee – signifies the stranger or foreigner, one who may be hostile or foe (and hence must be defeated until the death or subjugated as slave), but also one who may be a friend or friendly. Therefore, the face of the guest remains ambiguous until it is deciphered.

As can be inferred, from this simple womb of Indo-European nomenclature, stem infinite understandings: those related to war, for example, whereupon fearsome strangers are, if not murdered, domesticated as slaves; also those related to economy, since the stranger can become benevolent via the rituals of exchange of offerings and counter-offerings; those related to psychology, because in psychoanalysis, the crucial notion, of the “ghost”, finds its enclave in the subtle margin between the familiar and the unfamiliar; those related to religion because it is an understanding that attempts to reconcile the distant and the near, the ordinary and the extraordinary.”
 
It is about narrowing distances and not reaffirming them (or simply making aesthetic use of them), about hospitality, about feeling the hurt of the other, about making this hurt my own, and not about exploiting it for my own personal gain, as artist, as thinker, as communicator. Recognizing myself in the other, allowing the other into my house.
 
However, lofty ideals are nothing more than lofty ideals, when these are not grounded in actual, real examples and actions. Far be it from me to make use of this space as one of self-promotion, I would nonetheless like to briefly describe a project which I am currently coordinating and set to begin toward to end of March, as one example of how this can be put into practice, given the fact that the questions around socially-engaged art practices are very close to my personal/professional heart. The project is a literary one and involves the collaboration between six writers from different regions of Latin America. The general objective of the project is to explore and stimulate self-knowledge among Latin American countries, via the rescue of our living history, as well as it is to explore and stimulate “south-south” dialog in the building of a Latin American community, through the written word and those that engage in writing. Throughout the course of three months, six exchanges will take place, whereupon a given writer will travel to the region inhabited by another writer. The host writer will do just that: host the guest writer, in a mutual exploration of a senex (senior member of the host writer’s immediate community). The three will coexist in an intimate and intensive manner throughout the course of the visit, and the guest writer will draft a text of fiction based on the experience. A sociologist will also accompany the group, drafting his own analytical text with regard to the experience. Each guest writer will also function, in turn, as host, at some point along the development of the project. The texts will be gathered into an anthology, and the distribution strategies themselves are especially designed to further these relationships and permanent channels of alternative distribution.
 
I would like to conclude this comment (which is much longer than I intended, and I apologize for that) by stating that it is only by an immersion in realities that are not as far as we tend to believe from our own, that we can achieve a true foundation whereupon the “other’s” hurt is our own, whereupon  social engagement is a reality and not a lofty (and, hence, questionable) concept. Only then, I believe, can I produce art that may or not be evidently or palpably “socially engaged”, but that will nonetheless enable and reflect the fact that I am “my own contemporary”.
 
Only then, the question as to whether or not “the special character of art” stands “in contrast to…political propaganda”, will become as irrelevant as null.


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gregg smith

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Feb 20, 2006, 5:13:22 AM2/20/06
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I’m grateful for the weekend lull in this discussion group as its allowed me to tidy the apartment, do the laundry and reflect on the different points of view put forward. I’ve been rereading Gerald Raunig’s and Shep Steiner’s messages and I feel that they offer inspiring suggestions both for art making and also ‘meaningful communication’. I would also like to pick up on Jeanine’s message in which in which she makes reference to Dr Achille Mbembe’s, “…the past doesn’t seem to be providing any stable referent for identity or for action.” (Mbembe’s text by the way, for those who have not seen it, is a transcription from his introductory presentation to the Very Real Time event in Jo’burg two weeks ago. It’s available on the website as additional reading under this topic http://veryrealtime.co.za/achille_text.htm).
 
To begin with ‘ meaningful communication’, and to mention a bit about South Africa, there seems to be something peculiar in the culture, a remnant from the past which makes discussions often lead into a confrontational dialectic, deadlocked around sentiments of control and domination. This is something which exists across racial lines but I have also noticed it equally painfully in conversations with one’s father or lover. There is what I have come to think of as a ‘sawn-off’ logic, where one’s desire to allow a conversation to follow its natural progression is overridden by an emotional need to police and stop the logic of a train of thought at a certain point where one becomes vulnerable. These are generalisations, behaviours which I have recognised in myself and other close one’s from time to time and thought they must have some origin in a time when it was dangerous to think thoughts through.
 
In this context I am reading Gerald’s proposition about ‘letting the world happen’ as ‘a fluid form in which difference floats,’ and the implications these notions has for an exchange of opposing sides. Shep Steiner’s expansions on Gerald’s initial proposition in his response on Thursday,  in which he makes mention of narrative and the possibilities in contemporary art for opening other ways of perceiving reality also touches on something which I would like to continue. The narrative is a medium of particular potency in recent South African history, particularly around the issues of truth and reconciliation it became the a means for two opposite sides of a violent history to realise some kind of bed-rock in a field of emotions and trauma which had remained dorment for many decades.
 
For some time now I have been working with narrative in the context of public space and thinking about ways in which both the artist and spectator might become disarmed or somehow more implicated in their own narrative. Reading Jeanine’s message in which she says ‘how are we supposed to know where we are, when, as indeed was stated by Mbembe, “…the past doesn’t seem to be providing any stable referent for identity or for action.”’ I am prompted to put forward a strategy in which I have been experimenting with in various forms of performative work in public space. I think the past is useful if it is taking as a starting point, a limited preconception of what is the present, but a conception which needs to be tested as an initial gesture in moving closer to one’s present. As a result I have become interested in attempting to set up a play between an organised or scripted mechanism, and what becomes of this mechanism when it is set afloat in the uncontrolled ebb and flow of daily life. As the mechanism strives to maintain its direction, it must negotiate the chaotic hazards of its location in an improvised manner, and there is an energy released in this process which is beneficial both for the artist and the viewer. It tests the secure position of being able to predict exactly what will happen next and in this way we become implicated in the moment, through a narrative which is in the process of creating itself.
 
I see similar strategies at work in Ed Young’s performative projects, in which the viewer/audience is seduced by the complete banality of a situation (with the help sometimes of alcohol) into unabashed engagement. And what more literal way to place an individual at the centre of his personal narrative than to have him donated as an artwork to the local National Gallery.
 
In Jill Magid’s work, it’s interesting when she talks about seduction as an engagement with a larger system in which she uses her personal charms in order to subvert the purpose of an impersonal system and enable it to ‘transcend its assigned function’. In successfully finding an access point to engage with the system, she sets in motion an unpredictably human chain of events in which both her and the human entities of the system become vulnerable and accountable to their own desires.
 
I have sketched very briefly my understanding of Jill’s and Ed’s processes, and so there are undoubtedly annacuracies which they may want to correct.
 
I’ll be off now,
Gregg


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paris, FRANCE

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gregg smith

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Feb 20, 2006, 4:00:30 PM2/20/06
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my name is  moshekwa langa.
i was  born in  south africa, and  i  lived  in that  country till i
was  twenty one  years  old  when i  moved  to amsterdam, in the
netherlands.i grew  up in a  palce  called  bakenberg , a  place that
was  formely  in a  homeland  called lebowa, then  the  northern
province  , then  now  the  limpopo.i left  bakenberg to  go  to  a
place  called  mooiplaats,to  start my  middle  and  high  school.it
was 1989.at  that  time  the  place  was  called  the  max stibbe
waldorf  school.it  has since changed  its  name  and  is now  called
the  ubuntu centre.
i am an artist.
as  a  child  growing  up in bakenberg,  there  was  not  much  that
i had  to  do  to  garner  attention, whether i was  playing football
or  house, there  was  an  anomaly  to my  being  there(in  either  of
the  places where  these  scenes  took  place), my  voice  was  very
high  for the  longest time-it  broke  when i was almost 20.
i manifested myself  by being there.i remember  that  grace  jones  had
taken  part in a  film  , and  she  was  featured  in a  magazine
called  true love.i had  not  yet  seen  this  film(i saw  it  recently
when it  was  on tv here in amsterdam), but  i was referred  to  as  a
kin  to  grace jones.
it was  not  easy to  undestand  the  meaning  of this comparison  at
the time it  certainly did  not  become  easier  when i saw  grace
jones  as  mayday in the  film ' a view to kill'.i loved  grace's
participation in that  film also!

when i matriculated  in 1993,  i took  some time off to think  about
things,  to  reflect,  and  to  decide  what i wanted to do.one of the
most  visible things i did  was to create forms in the  garden of my
home, using metals and  barbed wire, working  with  discarded cement
bags and  plastics.i was  not  woking  in  a  social  space,  but  i
was  working  in place  that  people  could  see me  from  as they
walked  along  the  street.i was  collecting materials from the  street
and  the  veldt which i  intended to use  to make  my pieces, my
artwork.this  was  an  activity  not  socially engaged,  but it  was  a
public  and  a  very  private  act nonetheless. peolpe  in  my
surrondings  commented  on  what  i was  doing, they  were  curious,
they  came  forth to  talk  to me.but  there  was  very little  in
their  reactions  that said  that  they  understood  , or  wanted  to
understand  what  i was  doing.they simply  wanted  to  talk,  and  the
talks  were  very  lively too!
when i  went  to  amsterdam, i was  now  in  a  situation  to work,
shielded  from  people,  even  from  my  colleagues, everything  i did
was  private  until  the  moment  of  revelation- the opening...
in that  short space  of time  when  people  were huddled together, adn
drinks  were flowing, it  was  possible  to  have  a  go  at  what i
did-or did  not  do.this  was 1997.it  was not  very  long  after
that, that  art  and  engagement   topic /flashword in  artspeak.it
was  something  that  i  heard  frequently amongst  people involved  in
the  porduction of  art.suddenly it  was  possible  to  be  directly in
touch with  people through not  life, but  art!!!!
a few  activities that  implied  a  public  participation  and,  you
were on your  way  to  touch  humanity-reach  out  and  touch a  hand
in the  dark, and  make  a  friend  in the  process, just  do not dare
to meet  your  friend  in the light!the  art project remaines just
that, with lip service, concepts, and  discussions.perhaps it  was  a
mere  framing  device  which i took at  face  value-little  did  i
know.
i  became more hardened  when i was confronted  by policemen  when i
wanted to visit   an exhibition  of  some  other  artworks ,  and  here
they  were at the  gates, re-creating  something  of  a pass-law
situation.before i entered the  palace of  exhibitions, i had  to be
photographed and  if  memory serves me well, i had  to be
fingerprinted, and  then  i was  ready to go in, i now  had  a
pass.words  fail to express how  i  felt at this  intrusion, but in  a
spirit of  participation, i did  what had to be  done, and  all  was
well..EXCEPT THAT  THIS  WAS  A  SITUATION THAT REPLAYED ITSELFTIME AND
TIME AGAIN WHEN I   TRAVELLED  FROM THE  NETHERLANDS TO ANY OTHER
PLACE INCLUDING  SOUTH AFRICA, WITH DELAYS  AND  DETENTIONS  FOR  HOURS
ON  END IN  SOME  CIRCUMSTANCES!

i was  more  confused  by  this  activity and  others  which  were to
follow in the  name  of  art.i  found  meself troubled  by this
parallelism  between  the  activities  of art  and of  real  life.i was
myself  asked  to  tkae  part in  other  projects of  art  that  were
to  activate some  kind  of  engagement  between the  life  and art,
and  what  ireally found  interesting  was  that  real life  experience
was  a lot  more vivid  than  being  in a  situation to respond to  an
artwork  that  responded  to acts in real  life.that  sometimes  some
of the  most  engaged processes  happen  behind  drawn  curtains,  and
i developed  a  series  of  doubts  as  to  the  extent  of the  impact
of  socially  engaged  art  to  real  life.
as for  my projects, i developed  one  project in  helsinki, finland,
in an area  called  vuosaari, it  was  part  of  a  bigger  project
called 'under  the  same  sky' , the  project was  called
appearance and disappearance ,from view disappearance  and  appearance.
it  was  a  public  art  project  with  potential for people to  be
dis-engaged or engaged. i  had  three  mirrors that  were  created and
put in the  parcours of vuosaari.i had to intention of  being  there
beyond the  date of  my  project, and  so  the  work was  placed
there, latently,it  was  a  very well to do  area, i was not  a  part
of the  social  fabric, and  i wanted  people  to use the  mirrors  ans
some kind  of  obkects literally for  reflection,and  since iwas  not
there  to witness this i supose  that  they did.the mirrors  were later
moved to  an  island  called  suomenlina,  were they  are  now
probably very well preserved.people  understood that  this was  art,
and  that  maybe  they  ought  to keep  away from it.
i did  a second  project  with   the  museum  for  ethnolgy in  leiden,
nad  in these  one  sees  three figures  running forever and
ever.again,  the  piece is  in a  place  on a  street  level,  it is
nearby the  station,  and  i  suppose  if there  are  any  feelings of
engagement, it is  something  that i am  not  privy to, people
probably  have  a moment  of  reflection  and  move on about  their
daily  lives,  because  what  they see is  art, and  it is  not  a
confrontation  that  they  would like  to have  with their  daily life,
only  that  which  is  ingrained  in their social  fabrice, that  which
does  not  appear  strange  to them,  that  which  if  it is  strange
they can  name.

i understood that  mayday  was  a social  phenomenon  that  people
could  relate  to,  but apeearances and  disappearances are  a little
more too hot, too strange, and  perhaps  remain so  for  people that
have  nothing  to do with the  cult  of  art.





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Ed Young

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Feb 21, 2006, 7:30:32 AM2/21/06
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When first discussing this project with Mr. Smith, he asked that I speak a bit about my own work and how it operates in a public sphere. So here follows the first of a series of posts in which I will do this. Stop me at any time…
 
The primary focus of my work is often located in the structural aspects surrounding the art world and art media. It is for this reason that I do not necessarily consider the works as individual projects but rather a larger ongoing one, changing accordingly within the art system in which I am located at the time. Basically I am more interested in this system and the production of work is often secondary.
 
Contemporary Art for me seems under constant threat of exhaustion, although the "beast" seems perfectly capable of reinvention. Even if it the latter is marginal, it is often enough to provide a subtle shift in the art market and provides sustainability, as seen in recent international art fairs and biennales. Because of this exhaustion, I sometimes feel that I have nothing to bring to the table. My work therefore relies on aspects of conceptual minimalism, banality and sometimes absurdity, often using myself (the idea of artist) as subject.
 
It is for this reason that I study and research these subtleties within art systems (even though my exposure to international systems has been limited), and my work over the past years has mainly focused on my South African context. The work that I have been doing here has focused on the local media (as well as public response), and I have often created work that in turn responds to the media.
 
Examples of this include BRUCE GORDON, 2002, in which I auctioned a well-known Capetonian bar owner who was then donated to the South African National Gallery and tattooed with the accession number SANG 03/02. Because of the media uproar I subsequently presented an exhibition called MUSE, 2003. In this I presented all the details of the previous opening, including the Muse string quartet, bar ladies, fine wine and the like. This was an exhibition of an exhibition opening itself. Once again the art public remained unconvinced. In response I presented ASSHOLE, 2004. This was a work consisting of similar elements to MUSE, but I presented things that I liked instead. The string quartet was replaced by my favourite music video at the time, the bar tenders by strippers, the sushi with KFC and the wine with Heineken. Again the public was annoyed so I started working on an apology exhibition entitled I CAN EXPLAIN, 2004, which consisted of a video piece. I lost interest in the project and it was never presented, although it was advertised. It is listed in my CV.
 
Internationally I have presented similar works such as Do Nothing, 2004, in Ghent, and again at the Castello di Rivoli in Torino, 2005. This is a performance in which I do nothing except what the public is doing: Admire the work and drink wine. Bruce Gordon was also seen in Torino in 2005.
 

I AM A POST-COLONIAL, RACIST, HOMOPHOBIC, MISOGYNIST, ANTISEMITE:

How to tolerate other people’s shit-marks on the toilet wall

In a recent article by Mario Pissarra titled ‘Decolonise the mind’, Bruce Gordon was labelled as one of the most racist works produced during 2003:
 

“Certainly there is enough anecdotal evidence to support perceptions that art in South Africa remains centred on white privilege, and that in the post-apartheid era the gatekeepers of art often act in ways that can at best be described insensitive to the barbarism of our imperial and colonial heritage. In my view the most vivid example of this is provided by Ed Young’s Bruce Gordon, and the generally favourable reception of this ‘very clever and very entertaining’ work received in the art media. White South Africans staged a mock auction centred on the notion of selling someone as art (the ‘work’ was later ‘donated’ to the South African National Gallery). They did this less than a decade after the black majority acquired rights not to be treated as the property of whites. They did this a short walk from where human beings were sold into slavery. They did this in a context of increasing awareness of trafficking of woman and children. Yet we are expected to discuss this cheap act of self-publicity within the context of Western art and theory. If one of the premises of ‘real time’ work is to bridge ‘art’ and ‘life’, then Bruce Gordon presents a strong indictment of the failure of elements within the white art elite to bridge that gap.”

 

There is a current critical tendency to indict young artists of this country for issues of the past. Although valid, this argument seems easy, un-engaging, self-prophesised and unappealing. Its intentions appear justified (in part at least), while it is mostly reliant on a kind of self-promotion through older liberal actions. As mentioned before, progress does not happen immediately, but my point here is that some of our older critics fail to see new strategies that younger artists are concerned with. Pissarra highlights the ‘cheap act of self-publicity’ while failing to engage with the piece on a more critical level, especially within a South African context. He does not mention Bruce’s tattoo (which evokes links to slavery, Nazism, property, etc.) almost as if he is unaware of this aspect of the work. Nonetheless, he links the sale of Bruce Gordon to these critical aspects.
 
It is not that the individuals involved accidentally overlooked this point, nor was it intended to make a racist statement, but rather to use sensitive elements that enhance the public’s reception of an artwork. I am not trying to create awareness, and I certainly do not think that art can change the world, although I do believe that using sensitive issues concerning society does make a work of art more powerful. Although the seriousness of the social issues facing South Africa are extremely complex, I feel that space should be opened up to investigate other issues, such as the state of white privilege in South Africa. Unlike ‘privileged’ artists who deal with personal and introspective issues in their work, I deliberately set myself up to be typecast as the ‘nasty white guy’. By this action I aim to spark debate, as opposed to social tiptoeing and artificial political correctness.
 
I find similar clichéd contributions by some individuals that do directly investigate the unease of South African society, but their work becomes extremely literal and in my opinion, conceptually easy. As a result this leaves very little room for contemplation in the mind of the viewer, which could be the overriding factor by which such work becomes popular. Not only does the system thrive on this, but it also serves to ease guilt and as a money gathering strategy for both the viewer and the audience.
 
A ‘vivid’ example of this is found in the recent high-profile exhibitions. Focussing on selling art at comfortable prices, a trend has developed to showcase portraits of black people and landscapes where bad things have happened, primarily to black populations. Such a capitalist venture seems exploitative to my mind, and has not been contested by local critics. I recount such events attended by local museum directors in over-worn Issey Miyake dresses, sipping Champaigne and commenting on how great the work is. And even if the work is great. Then it is this gallery experience that is problematic.
 
A reason for this might be located in entrenching the comfort of a predominantly white audience when viewing portraits of dying black individuals.
 
As previously mentioned, in order to protest unhealthy strategies within complex art systems, it is easier and more effective to do so from inside those systems, rather than rapid firing from the outside. These systems are more powerful than the individuals that contest them.
 
There exists a current trend in the young white art scene that is not particularly interested in treading softly around social issues, as there is a realisation that these issues exist in real life, and not the ‘fantasy land’ of the art world. This is not from a position of ignorance or disinterest, but rather a case of exposing the machinery by which the art world operates. It is opposing similar power structures that young black artists are challenging, but from a different angle. The so-called ‘young white scene’ would rather poke fun at and ignore the transparent insincerities of some of South Africa’s leading art practitioners. If it has a cause it is probably this: art is about more than issues of social discomfort. They have been labelled Eurocentric, racist, rich and not much concerned with local issues, but these are the issues that fuel the work.
 
By this I specifically refer to a collective known as Galerie Puta.
 
In his article ‘Dada and development in Cape Town’, American scholar Zachary Yorke wrote in respect of the theft of a sculpture of mine and the malicious vandalising of a my print at Andrew Lamprecht’s summer exhibition Picnic (Bell-Roberts, 2003):
 

Apparently these occurrences are typical in Cape Town’s avant-garde circles, apparently the thief acted on behalf of an art collaborative known as FlashArt [i.e. Galerie Puta], and apparently Cape Town’s art world is dangerously incestuous, a self-sustaining playground for rich kids posing as artists.

 

 
 

Adam Leech

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Feb 21, 2006, 4:10:34 PM2/21/06
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Greetings from adam leech.

the "so far" note that gregg wrote seems to touch on many of the basic
strategies artists have come up with when it comes to "meaningful
communication" and "letting the world happen as a fluid form in which
difference floats..." in relation to social art.

the idea of people becoming implicated in their own narrative was also
mentioned

some issues come to mind -- it has something to do with the
conditioning process one must go through to "let the world happen as a
fluid form... AND... to be implicated in ones own narrative...

in some ways they are at odds...

i guess it seems to ask people to sustain a high level of
representational understanding of the world (implicated in ones one
narrative) and a high level of 'ebb and flow' behavior.

on the one hand sustaining these seemingly contradictory behaviors is
what we do every day in our lives. but in this context it is more
complex...it seems to be asking for a level of enchantment.

adam

gregg smith

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Feb 24, 2006, 9:55:46 AM2/24/06
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Hi Adam,
 
sorry to delay responding to your response. I think 'enchantment' is one device artists can use to open gaps in lived experience which reframe what is happening or allow new perceptions of a time/space continuum. there are many devices which artists use to expand the presence of the viewers imagination or intuition in the process of viewing, experiencing art and life and becoming personally implicated in what is happening. desire is also a very strong medium.
 
i found another device is to delay as long as possible the realisation for the 'spectator' that this is 'art'. or at least that, if they know that this is art, that it then becomes a question of which parts of this event are scripted and which are not. i think this has some reference to this idea of 'expanding the boundary.'
 
as an aside, i took part in a role playing game for the first time the other night and i found most captivating in the game, the parts when i couldn't tell which aspects of the narrative being told by players where improvised, and which were taken directly from their character descriptions and scripts.
 
in Achille Mbembe's presentation, he talked about the problem where 'radical art and radical politics have lost their power to reanimate what we would call the project of emancipation'. i think art continues to have value in its different forms and contexts, but that it can also benefit from losing its frame as art from time to time, and merging for brief periods with ordinary experience. the problem for this kind of work is how to create a focus at some stage, without simply being dramatic, how to create something which is banal and merges fairly seemlessly with lived experience, but has meaning or inner reverberations and consequences for the 'viewer'.
 
 
G
 
 
 
 
 


Adam Leech <ad...@adamleech.com> wrote:

Jill Magid

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Feb 24, 2006, 5:28:55 PM2/24/06
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Hello from Jill Magid- sorry to have jumped into the game later than I
would have liked to.
I have been following the emails thus far, and like Gregg, I too was
caught on the word enchantment
that Adam brought up.

Hmm, the issue of enchantment...

As I have understood it, enchantment is a result rather than a device.
Enchantment is what happens when
the imaginary or the phantasy somehow begins to take over- or grow
forth- from reality. I think it is fair to say that this is the moment
I long for, and that all the research I do that is 'socially engaged'
is to get to this point, where enchantment
takes over. I think Gregg is referring to this moment as well.

Adam brings up the quotes of "let the world happen as fluid form"...
AND... "to be implicated in ones own narrative..." as being somewhat at
odds.
Perhaps this is rather a linear experience: One begins following along
as things are happening (observation), then steps inside of the process
(engagement), gets lost, and at a certain moment becomes self-conscious
again. By self conscious I mean finding a kind of recognition of
oneself, in this new position (after having gone through a process).

A few entries have discussed the idea of intimacy. For example,
Jeannine Diego Medina's text wrote about the danger of engaging in
these
practices "via the utilization of the social as a stage, a scenario, a
landscape" in that once doing so, it is possible to fall prey to "an
exploitative use of the 'marginal'


taking it to the plane of the aesthetic, yet disengaged, in actual

fact, from the 'problem' itself..." and that this kind of practice can
lead to distancing. I agree that this
can happen, when a 'problem' is lifted out of the social as a kind of
banner or empty referent, but I also think there is a valuable strategy
in here as well.

Taking the social as a kind of stage or scenario or landscape can be a
way to see it fresh, as a kind of phantasy or game. When reality is
understood momentarily as a stage or game,
the artist can become, respectively, an actor or a player: In doing so,
the Law changes, from Law to Rules of a game. Unlike the law, rules are
arbitrary. we can assign our
own meanings to them; they need not make sense outside of the game. As
artists, we set the rules. In a parallel field such as this, the same
structures are present but the
consequences are different, as well as the causes and effects. Somehow
this distancing can enable creativity, to play the world and the social
in
another way. In this situation, intimacies and understandings between
people can emerge that would not make sense or even be permissible if
reality was not being distanced,
or played in this 'other' game.
I am not referring here to the carnivalesque, which is more of a total
upheaval or reversal of roles, for a moment, in the social realm. I am
talking
about a much more subtle shift. This shift appears to me as closely
related to the 'expanded boundary' Gregg mentions.

As for the communication of this process, I find it sometimes difficult
how to move from a social engagement (which is experienced)
to a work that is legible for the viewer-- as a work of art. Especially
when the whole process (the game, the rules, the moves, etc) is part of
it.
What is left are traces, and sometimes they are not visible.
In my own work there is the story to recount. Yet, I am often not
satisfied with the story itself as the medium. I wonder how other
artists working in this manner deal with this.
How do you communicate your process or actions? Is the enchantment of
the work in the experience of following the process,
or can it be distilled in the traces? or do the traces become something
else (without falling victim to becoming illustrations?).

On an end note to this rumination-out-loud (i do have a fever now so
excuse me if this is a dream-like entry) I do think that having an
effect on the real world, outside of the game/stage/landscape proposed,
comes from the viewer's desire to enter the parallel world
offered by the artist or the work. And of course the work must find a
way to construct the invitation.
This fantastic world within or parallel to the real world is not
actually separate from it, it is rather a tangent out from a seemingly
closed system. And there lies our enchantment...

Adam Leech

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Feb 26, 2006, 7:18:53 AM2/26/06
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another thing that i think about concerning enchantment is that it
can't easily be commodified.

and for some artist, finding a form that is not easily placed into the
reduced logic of production and consumption is important.

in other words - experiences outside a capitalist logic can manage to
generate and sustain new meanings - or what usually happens - is that
they are not recognized as meaningful because they are not in accord
with the capitalist structure...and disappear into the background...

the big exception to this is love...i think love is a form of
enchantment that, in its essence, resists capitalist logic. but
only in its essence. the rest of love is in accord with capitalism.

Happy Valentines Day
adam

shepherd steiner

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Feb 27, 2006, 3:59:29 PM2/27/06
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Hi Everyone:

I just wanted to chip in on the ongoing discussion. And not wanting to
entirely destabilize the emerging front for enchanment, (Im only half
kidding, as I did count 3) I'd like to ask whatever happened to the great
category of disenchanment. Becuase if enchanment comes at the cost of
disenchanment then I become nervous. Even if enchanment is being used here
(and probably in a number of ways) in a negative or imaginative sense (say
as a modest proposal), I think one can't dispose of the threat of
totalization. Love and magic is one thing, and I have no problem accepting
these terms into a critical discussion, but as a belief structure that is
duplicitous and seducing one I think needs to complement these with a good
measure of the old melancholy--which in no way prohibits one from enchanting
as one wiches. Otherwise one simply falls too with other sorts of optimisms
that the left seems to continually forget. Perhaps Im out of line here? And
perhaps you are reacting to modernities disenchanting power? Can someone
explain if this uncertainty or rhetoricity is built in or not.

No doubt there is an argument to be made for ordering contemporary art
practices according to their varying emphases on enchanment and
disenchantment. Im ok with this as long as one kind of practice keeps the
other safe and buried away --socially engaged art not excluded.

best

shep


gregg smith

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Feb 27, 2006, 5:52:59 PM2/27/06
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Its good to hear Shep questioning  the  enchantment  idea as I did hear violins in coming into the chorus at moments, which is always disquieting, but i do find both points of view refreshing.

I did have a friend (who is not present in the discussion), a few months ago, championing a new cause apparently smouldering in somewhere in the undergrowth of the post-idealist morass, which has been labelled as 'passionate belief'. Be it a provocative stance or a genuine throwback to romanticism and sincerity, i don't doubt that it is a calculated stance, bearing in mind the painful lessons of modernism and also at times the numbing ennui of post-modernism. i agree  that its difficult to stomach such a stance without a dose of humour, irony, melancholy, or some other derisive element. for contemporary artists, idealism may be difficult to embrace, but i don't doubt it continues to exist in many violent forms in society at large.

From what I have understood of  the talk around 'enchantment' thus far, I would agree that such an idea can only be useful if, in the process it reveals an illusion or deception, and/or otherwise enables a level of direct or intuitive engagement which is not otherwise normal. personally i am for  forms of  engagement which ground the individual in their own reality and perhaps also an awareness of the human tendency to have personal projections onto events, which distance one from what is happening.

G






24 rue norvins
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paris, FRANCE

www.greggsmith.co.za
 


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Jeannine Diego Medina

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Mar 1, 2006, 9:01:30 PM3/1/06
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Hi to all...
 
Sorry for my disappearance, I've been as well wrapped up in logistics and the such for an upcoming project... in Mexico, it's something they call "horas nalga", or "ass hours" .. haha. Anyway, I'd like to respond to Jill Magid's concerns regarding the use of the social as scenario, etc. I am particularly drawn to what she mentions, it seems to me an excellent reflection on the issue.
 
If I remember correcly, Jill lives in NY? I lived there for many years myself, actually. The reason I mention this is not to make a point, but rather to note that I do understand what Jill is saying from within that context, from within the NY context, and, more specifically, the NY City context. When I wrote the previous comment, I guess I was speaking from my own context, or what has been my context for the last 6 years (and during stages of my childhood). Now, I realize. In fact, I spoke to Fernanda about the discussion at some point (over the phone, we're practically neighbors) about how her comment in terms of the museum here, could be understood differently given the fact that the Mexican context is very different than would be that of, say, NY, or Paris or cities of this sort. In any case, I think the same is true for myself. What I'm trying to say is that sometimes the stances one takes are rather subjective (it happened to me) and one tends to forget that each context is rather different, while some of those differences are sublte, some are abysmal. This is not an observation in terms of Jill's coment, but rather, in terms of my own.
 
In Mexico, the social situation is what I would term "abysmally" different than that of New York, for example (it's not to insist on NY, it's just that I'm responding to Jill's comments and I happen to know the NY context like the palm of my hand, so I feel I can at least make reference to something I know). Even though I hate to compare, I think it serves a puprpose and I'll compare just for the sake opf conversation. I always say (despite the fact that many of those who live here would refute me and have) that Mexico has a very deep-rooted caste system which has been masked by the myth of "mestizaje", an effort which was part of the building of a nation after the Mexican Revolution, a conscious effort to make us believe that we're "all the same", to provide a false sense of equality in benefit of national unity. That we're all sons or daughters of a mixture between the indigenous people of precolonial times and Spanish. Anyway, that's another story and I'm moving away from my point. I apologize.
 
Thing is, when someone in Mexico, more specifically speaking, when an artist in Mexico, makes use of the social in the way that I mentioned, things work a bit differently. Staring from the fact that, almost by default, in order to even be an artist in Mexico, chances are, one is not a part of the same social class as the bulk of the population. Here, more than would be the case in a more socially democratic society, the act of thinking, of contemplating, making art itself, is an activity that beloings to a priviledged few, it is a luxury. It is an activity that belongs to a priviledged group (and the priviledge is handed down through generations, social mobility is practically null, with exceptions, but these are exceptions). So, the distance that Jill talks about, takes on a rather different dimension in Mexico. Because it is not a distance that one takes, it terms of the decision to move away from something of which one is a part, but rather, a distance that has always been there. A social, cultural, economic and, yes, racial distance.
 
And when this happens, it is difficult to not fall into the carnivalesque that Jill mentioned.
 
Anyway, it's not at all to refute what Jill has said. I fully share the points of view she expressed. But I think it's a matter of different contexts, whereupon something that is apparently the same, that looks the same, that feels the same, is actually radically different.
 
Well, all for now.
Big hug to Gregg and to all,
Jeannine
 
Jill Magid <ji...@systemazure.com> escribió:

gregg smith

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Mar 2, 2006, 11:21:08 AM3/2/06
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Dear All,

Today is officially the end of the discussion series. Thankyou everyone who has taken part in this group either actively or quietly, it has been a very interesting and worthwhile group. As there may still be people with things to say, the group will not abruptly go offline. I will leave it up for a while and let you know by way of final conclusion when it is about to be switched off for good. After that the website will provide an archive of all contributions.


thanks hugely for all your inputs and exchanges,
Gregg

Jeannine Diego Medina

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Mar 2, 2006, 8:10:12 PM3/2/06
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Dearest Gregg...
 
Just to congratulate you, I very well know how painstaking and sometimes disappointing (fortunately, this is not the case here) organizing an e-forum can be, and I see clearly, the effort was a success. Participation-wise, as well as content-wise. Thank you for inviting me and I apologize for the scarcity of my comments, unfortunately, not having a computer at home makes things much more difficult and SLOW. Anyway, the best to you and thank you to all, I see it as an excellent exchange and opportunity for growth.
Cheers!
Jeannine

gregg smith <gregg...@yahoo.com> escribió:

ad...@adamleech.com

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Mar 3, 2006, 5:33:46 AM3/3/06
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thanks gregg...

adam

Ed Young

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Mar 3, 2006, 7:52:27 AM3/3/06
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Yes thanks gregg and all...

ED YOUNG

P.O. Box 16310
Vlaeberg
8018
Cape Town
SOUTH AFRICA


Skype: edyoung55



On 03 Mar 2006, at 12:33 PM, ad...@adamleech.com wrote:


thanks gregg...

adam


joseph gaylard

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Mar 3, 2006, 6:03:05 PM3/3/06
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Yes many thanks gregg – I have not been able to participate as fully as I would have liked to, but it has been interesting to read through the sets of responses that the topic has brought forward. I thought also that there might perhaps have been more dialogue around these – perhaps the medium of a ‘discussion group’ might have been exploited more fully to promote just that – discussion.  A possible thought for future vrt projects using the same medium: have one person present a position and then have a range of people engaging with it – and each other. Plant one stick in the ground rather than lots.  Having many people presenting their own practice (which I didn’t really get round to doing) was sometimes a little disorienting from the point of view of pulling common threads together, and identifying grounds for debate and meaningful interaction.  But I was nevertheless struck by the passion and thoughtfulness of all of the submissions to the forum.

Rgds etc

Joseph


--
Joseph Gaylard
Research Associate
Johannesburg Centre for Cultural Policy and Management
WITS School of Arts
University of the Witwatersrand
+27 82 598 4107    +27 11 624 1186     +27 11 717 4667
coela...@iafrica.com

Jill Magid

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Mar 3, 2006, 9:35:47 PM3/3/06
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Hello, I too would like to thank Gregg-- its pretty amazing that you
took care of
our group as well as two others.
Now rest!

Thanks to everyone else too- I enjoyed the readings.
Best, JIll

gregg smith

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Mar 6, 2006, 5:07:30 AM3/6/06
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Beyond irony: a response to Ed Young
 
Ed, I was surprised that you felt the sting of my criticism of “Bruce Gordon”. Surprised because my piece was, as far as I’m aware, the first “negative’ criticism of a work that was for the most part well received by the local art media as reflected in positive reviews in Art South Africa (written by what you term an “older critic”, by the way!) and Artthrob, and also reflected in your inclusion in books by Emma Bedford and Sophie Perryer, two important gatekeepers in the contemporary art scenario. It is interesting to me that while you take issue with me (and to a lesser extent Zachary Yorke) for daring to go against the adulatory trend, you take for granted the mass of affirmation from the ‘big fish’.
 
My second point is that work that critiques power by resorting to the same strategies (e.g. using ‘shallowness’ to critique ‘shallowness’) risks being read as complicit in that shallowness, rather than as any substantial critique, or alternative. In my view the latter is particularly critical. Works such as “Do Nothing” can only be interesting (entertaining?) up to a point. At some stage you may find it necessary to “do more than nothing”, i.e. “do something”!
 
Thirdly, and to get back to Bruce Gordon, my critique was not intended solely at you as the artist, but at what I saw as the incestuous, self-validating ‘community’ that was inadvertently made visible by your work. Apart from yourself as artist, there was Andrew Lamprecht (collaborator/ curator), Suzy Bell (purchaser and donor of said work), Ivor Powell (independent, validating critic) as well as local institutions such as the Michaelis Art School; the Bell Roberts Gallery (a de facto conduit for Michaelis graduates to enter the contemporary art market, courtesy a cosy partnership with Lamprecht the lecturer/ curator); the (desperately trendy) South African National Gallery, and not least Bruce Gordon himself.  . I do think its total nonsense to keep referring to Bruce Gordon as a “bar-owner” as if he has the same currency in the art world as your ‘average’ bar-owner.  Gordon has been an entrepreneur since at least the 1980s and his projects, whether it was as manager of Amampondo; T-Shirt producer; or bar-owner; have always had some relationship to the art world. His bar targets an art clientele, he is married to one of the most influential people in the art world (which no commentators, as far as I’m aware, appear to think is relevant), and he is in fact, apart from being, courtesy your project, a collected artwork, a collector of art (very white art, it must be said, judging from his regular adverts in Art South Africa). So when I speak of shameless self-promotion I do not only refer to you, but also to Bell (a publicist, in case we forget) and not least Gordon himself.  To me “Bruce Gordon” represented a bunch of  cronies belching in the shadows of slavery, and the racial dimensions of this were difficult to avoid (and hence the relevance of this work within the context of the article I wrote). I do not, to return to my second point, believe that you exposed this network as a complacent, cliquey community, insensitive to how the staged auction of someone would in all likelihood be perceived by the broader community. Rather I believe that this environment simply provided you a validating frame to indulge your ‘idea’.
 
I also wish to briefly respond to your complaint that young artists are burdened by ‘older critics’ with wearisome topics such as the historical context. Personally I fail to see how we can ignore our ‘past’ especially when its legacy is writ into our present (and future). I also think that if you want to ditch history from the frame, then you should be consistent and reject it in every form- you  , even when it is used to provide an art historical context to validate your work. You can’t have it both ways.
 
In conclusion, and I say this with sincerity, I am encouraged that you take the art world as subject, and that you do not consider it a neutral zone. I would urge you to rethink some of your methods- irony does have its uses, particularly in repressive environments, but irony also its limitations by failing to articulate viable alternatives to that which is made fun of. I will certainly look out for any new developments in your art.













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