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Childhood obesity can lead to blindness
Children who are overweight or obese - particularly older, non-
Hispanic white girls - are more likely to have a neurological disorder
known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a rare condition that
can result in blindness, according to a new study.
In a cross-sectional, population-based study of 900,000 children ages
2-19 years old, researchers found 78 cases of pediatric idiopathic
intracranial hypertension.
The condition occurred most frequently in overweight or obese, non-
Hispanic white teenage girls-85 percent of the children with IIH were
girls 11-19, nearly half were non-Hispanic white, and 73 percent were
overweight or obese.
Importantly, the study also found a strong association between IIH and
increasing weight class: extremely obese adolescents were 16 times
more likely than normal weight children to have IIH; moderately obese
children, 6 times more likely; and overweight children, 3.5 times more
likely.
"Childhood obesity has again been shown to be associated with a
serious disease," said study lead author Sonu M. Brara, MD, of the
Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Neurology Department.
"This research is the strongest evidence to date that obesity is
associated with IIH in children-it also suggests that the childhood
obesity epidemic is likely to lead to increased morbidity from IIH,
including blindness," he stated.
This study adds to the growing evidence base about data on the
prevalence of obesity and prevention of it among children. Earlier
this month the Institute of Medicine released its Accelerating
Progress in Obesity Prevention offering recommendations, strategies,
and action steps for stakeholders and sectors to accelerate progress
in preventing obesity.
In adults, IIH is a relatively rare disorder that predominately
affects overweight or obese women ages 20 to 44 with an incidence rate
of 15 per 100,000 individuals. The disorder is characterized by
increased pressure around the brain in the absence of other diseases,
with symptoms including headache, blurred vision, nausea, and eye
movement abnormalities. The ailment can lead to blindness in up to 10
percent of patients, particularly when not recognized and treated
promptly.
The children and adolescents in the study were enrolled in the Kaiser
Permanente Southern California integrated health plan from 2007 to
2009. The study included measured height and weight and diagnosis of
IIH.
"Our findings may help improve the early diagnosis and treatment of
IIH in young patients," said Dr. Brara.
"Overweight and obese children appear to have more IIH symptoms at
onset than normal weight children. We suggest that clinicians
carefully screen adolescents who are overweight or obese and present
with symptoms of IIH, such as headache, blurred vision, and eye
movement abnormalities," he added.
The study was published in The Journal of Pediatrics.