In the November 1994 issue of Reason, Edith Efron asked the intriguing
question: "Can the President Think?" Her conclusion was that the president
suffers from severe cognitive dysfunction and that the resulting chaos of
his mind accounts for the chaos in his administration. In her analysis,
Clinton emerges as the sum of two bedeviling paradoxes. The first, the
paradox of the Hollow Sun King, refers to the strange emptiness that we
perceive at the center of the charismatic Clinton phenomenon. The second,
the paradox of the Paralyzed Sprinter, to the utter chaos that reigns at the
center of his administration — and, seemingly, of his mind. In this essay, I
will first present an outline of Efron's argument, along with her proposed
etiology. I will then present an alternative theory — one that unifies not
only these two paradoxes, but also the other sordid paradoxes of Clinton's
life.
Efron's First Paradox: The Hollow Sun King
Clinton evokes worship as no American politician has since JFK. Not respect.
Not admiration. Not even hero worship. But a sort of personal fawning, by
both male and female worshipers, that borders on the sexual. For example, a
youthful Arkansas journalist (a male) once described the fledgling Arkansas
politician, Bill Clinton, as "the Sun King. And if you look too long at him
you will be blind, your senses flooded with his gold-spined brilliance....
There must be some elemental undercurrent here that generates envy in other
men, not just the musk of power but something pheromonic.
He possesses extraordinary talent and a fierce thirst for knowledge and
insight, but above all approval. One reporter who spent time with him in New
Hampshire found him one of the most outwardly directed people she had ever
met—as if he had little inner sense of self at all.'" Sam Smith, editor of
Progressive Review and an outspoken critic of Clinton from the left, has
succinctly captured the essence behind the first paradox:
"It was the normal work of the politician, but with Clinton there seemed too
much. Too many hands, too many friends, too many words, too many hours
before he went to sleep, too many hours on C-SPAN solving the nation's
problems with too many industrialists and economists—and in the end too
little else. It was as though he were afraid that if he excused himself from
the public eye he might no longer be real." Smith comes closer to truth than
he, perhaps, realizes: Clinton is a chimera.
Efron writes of the fragment of stone at the bottom of Stephanopolous'
kaleidoscope — reflecting in a unique way, showing a different facet to each
person as Clinton turns. This is a metaphor for the elusive "real Clinton";
but, in truth, there is no real Clinton that we could possibly comprehend.
That little fragment is so alien that it might as well not exist in our
universe. At the core of this man, Clinton, where the soul is supposed to
be, there is, instead, a gaping void. A black hole. The Sun King exists only
as the irresistible gravitational pull he exerts on others and the dying
light — the catastrophic annihilation — of everyone and everything that
strays too close to his event horizon. Within, there is an unknowable
emptiness.
Efron's Second Paradox: The Paralyzed Sprinter
The second paradox is that Clinton does too much, too fast and so never does
anything at all. As Efron writes: "For some 15 years Clinton has been
saying, over and over again, to people who have repeated it over and over
again, that his problem is that he does 'too much, too fast.'
Simultaneously, he has been ceaselessly reported to be an astoundingly slow
worker who takes months to make a decision. Both cannot be true. And both
are not true. But it takes a long time to understand the gross contradiction
between what Clinton says of himself and what the press has reported,
because the answer is buried in a mysterious conflict deep inside Clinton's
mind....
"...His mind races, ideas rush in on him with great speed; he fails to
distinguish between having an idea and taking an action, between thinking
and doing; he gets lost in details, so he cannot retain his abstract
purposes; and he has great difficulty in reaching conclusions or making
decisions."
Efron has done a profoundly important service by documenting these
paradoxes, particularly the second. The president's job, after all, is to
make decisions and to apply reason to intractable problems. Efron's thesis
is that Clinton's mind works only with the assistance of prosthesis — in the
form of his wife, Hillary, or, to a lesser, of extent hired guns like
Morris, Stephanopolous and Gergen. However, Efron goes off the rails in the
second half of her essay when she attempts diagnosis. She fails, in the
final analysis to explain the first paradox. She misdiagnoses the second,
omitting from consideration contradictory traits that are themselves
paradoxical. And she fails to reconcile even her two paradoxes into a single
coherent portrait.
"...Clinton's defenses against pain and suffering are almost universally
observed. Because all are tied to, if not solely caused by, his cognitive
deficiencies, and because they have had dreadful effects on his presidency,
I'll list three of them. You know them already:
•"Clinton values work and productivity, but only as a means to status and
power. By his own say-so, he has valued nothing more than status and power
since he was young. He is always aware of is relative status in power
relationships. And he is extremely sensitive to criticism, especially if it
comes from people with high status and power. His record of 'caving' under
pressure, of betraying both principles and people, is due most fundamentally
to his lack of confidence in his own mind. In the face of an array of power,
he capitulates. He has betrayed every significant group in the Democratic
party and numerous friends to win favor with their enemies. The loyalty he
commands from his natural political allies is paper thin.
• "Clinton's mind is out of control. He has an unusually strong need to be
in control of factors outside of him. When he is unable to control others,
he grows angry, although the anger is usually not expressed directly. His
entire relationship with the national press has been a covert battle for
control, and it has been far more intense than you may know. See Tom
Rosenstiel's Strange Bedfellows for a shocking report on the spying by the
Clinton campaign on the national press during the presidential campaign.
•"Clinton's perfectionist demands, which delay and inhibit his decision
making, are due in great part, as Lloyd Bentsen says so diplomatically, to
his intellectual 'doubt.' Clinton is inordinately afraid of making mistakes.
He is in so far over his head, over his capacity to do the work required for
the presidency, that he exists in a state of terror. It apparently builds up
in the night, and, according to Woodward, the next morning he vomits out the
accumulated terror all over George Stephanopoulos in the form of
uncontrolled explosions of rage. Clinton's eyes bulge, his face grows
scarlet, he yells, he screams, he shrieks. While Clinton is quite capable of
controlling this rage and conceals it from the public — it has only been
glimpsed by accident and briefly — he does not control it in private.
According to Meg Greenfield, he takes his rage out on vulnerable members of
his family and on employees — on those over whom he has power.
"Stand back and look at all these defenses against pain and fear: Clinton is
traitorous. Clinton is a devious manipulator. Clinton grovels before the
powerful. Clinton bullies the weak. "These are the attributes of Clinton
that are known in both his public and his private life to those he has
conned and betrayed. They co-exist with what Joe Klein calls 'his relentless
huggy, weepy emotionalism' — and relentless is a significant word. Huggy and
weepy in this pale-eyed man with the eternally crooked smile are also
manipulative weapons. "These do not begin to exhaust Clinton's defensive
repertoire. But they are enough to explain waning political support. All of
the epistemological problems and all of the emotional defenses... are too
well known for Clinton to win sustained respect. When [Clinton] recites
monotonously that he tries 'to do too much, too fast,' or that he sometimes
'works hard but not smart,' he is actually saying, 'I am very intelligent. I
work terribly hard. I am not slow, I am fast. I thk and I work with great
speed.' It seems painfully clear that with those words Clinton is denying
his cognitive paralysis and is asserting his self-worth....
She concludes from this that Clinton suffers from something much akin to
obsessive and compulsive disorder. In fact, she refers to a comment Clinton
made to a journalist about an episode in his life when he and his entire
family went through counseling sessions following the conviction of his
brother for drug trafficking: "I finally realized how my compulsive and
obsessive ambition got in the way." Efron believes that "[t]here is no
reason to doubt that Clinton was diagnosed as being 'compulsive and
obsessive,' since that is what journalists have been documenting since
Clinton entered the White House.
"All of Clinton's thinking problems and emotional defenses described in this
article are symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder as
identified by the American PsychiatricAssociation ...."The diagnostic
literature says that at least five of the criteria of Obsessive Compulsive
Personality Disorder must be present to identify someone as suffering from
this disorder. Here are five that describe Clinton:
1. Perfectionism that interferes with task completion, e.g. inability to
complete a project because [the person's] own overly strict standards are
not met.
2. Preoccupation with details... to the extent that the major point of the
activity is lost.
3. Unreasonable reluctance to allow others to do things because of a
conviction that they will not do them correctly.
4. Excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure
activities and friendships.
5. Indecisiveness: decision making is either avoided, postponed, or
protracted, e.g. the person cannot get assignments done on time because of
ruminating about priorities."
Efron paints a moving portrait of a man in profound agony at his own
cognitive imperfections. A man in emotional pain because he cannot think. A
man driven by his fear of failure or of imperfection to spin forever just
short of completion. She has it exactly backwards! Clinton cannot think
precisely because he cannot feel, has virtually no emotional life at all.
Clinton is not burdened with a hyperactive, obsessive compulsive
"conscience", a paralyzing perfectionism. Clinton's conscience problem is
that he has absolutely no conscience whatsoever. Clinton is not an obsessing
neurotic but what I will call, borrowing the term from Manufacturing Social
Distress, by Robert Reiber of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, an
adaptive psychopath.
Disorders of the sort we are discussing can be defined either as a
constellation of social behaviors or as interrelated personality traits. The
latter, of course, are deduced clinically from observation of the former.
There is considerable overlap among behaviors, even those associated with
quite dissimilar disorders. Efron observed a subset of Clinton's conduct and
labeled it obsessive compulsive. The same behaviors, however, also correlate
to narcissistic personality disorder and anti-social personality disorder.
Both of these, quite closely related to each other, are entirely
inconsistent with obsessive compulsive disorder. The underlying personality
traits are quite different. And both of these alternatives more closely
match the entirety of Clinton's observed anti-social behavior.
Psychopathy is an older, more precise, name for "anti-social personality
disorder."
"Untruthfulness and insincerity"
"The psychopath," says Cleckley, "shows a remarkable disregard for truth and
is to be trusted no more in his accounts of the past than in his promises
for the future or his statement of present intentions." He is "at ease" and
"unpretentious in making promises or denying culpability. His words in such
matters carry "special powers of conviction.... Candor and trustworthiness
seem implicit in him at such times. During the most solemn perjuries he has
no difficulty at all of looking anybody tranquilly in the eyes."
When detection of wrongdoing is at hand, a psychopath may "appear to be
facing the consequences with singular honesty, fortitude and manliness." But
this, too, is a facade. "It is indeed difficulty to express how thoroughly
straightforward some typical psychopaths can appear. They are disarming not
only to those unfamiliar with such patients but often to people who know
well from experience their convincing outer aspect of honesty." Upon being
discovered in "shameful and gross falsehoods, after repeatedly violating his
most earnest pledges, he finds it easy, when another occasion arises, to
speak of his word of honor, his honor as a gentleman, and he shows surprise
and vexation when commitments on such a basis do not immediately settle the
issue."
"Lack of remorse or shame"
A psychopath shows "almost no sense of shame. His career is full of
exploits, any one of which would wither even the more callous
representatives of the ordinary man. Yet he does not, despite his able
protestations, show the slightest evidence of major humiliation or regret."
However, the psychopath may, when cornered, seem to accept blame and express
profound regret. But "subsequent events indicate that it is empty of
sincerity — a hollow and casual form...." His manner of delivering these
perfunctory expressions will reveal nothing of this hollowness but will be
"exceedingly deceptive and is very likely to promote confidence and deep
trust." Which will soon prove to have been misplaced.
"Superficial charm and good 'intelligence''
A typical psychopath makes a very good first impression. He is perceived as
bright, well adjusted and as manifesting "desirable and superior human
qualities [and a] robust mental health." Despite this, "the psychopath's
inner emotional deviations and deficiencies may be comparable with the inner
status of the masked schizophrenic." His surface charm coupled with his cold
remorselessness makes him a superb manipulator of the unwary.
"Poor judgment and failure to learn by experience"
On theoretical matters, the psychopath may show superb judgment. On very
complex ethical, moral or emotional issues he may also show excellent
reasoning ability — as long as they are abstract and do not involve himself
as a participant. But about his own life, a psychopath demonstrates over and
over an inability to learn from experience or to be deterred by punishment.
"Pathological egocentricity and incapacity for love."
The egocentricity of the psychopath "is usually of a degree not seen in
ordinary people and often is little short of astonishing." However, a
skillful psychopath may learn to camouflage it to suit his schemes. It is a
"self-centeredness that is apparently unmodifiable and all but complete....
[I]t is an incapacity for object love and... this incapacity... appears to
be absolute." A psychopath may be capable of "casual fondness, of likes and
dislikes, and of reactions that, one might say, cause others to matter to
him." These are, however, "always strictly limited in degree" and
"durability." And "[w]hat positive feelings appear during the psychopath's
interpersonal relations give a strong impression of being self-love." He has
"absolute indifference to the financial, social, emotional, physical, and
other hardships which he brings upon those for whom he professes love...."
"Sex life impersonal, trivial, and poorly integrated"
"The psychopath's sex life," says Cleckley, "invariably shows
peculiarities." There is not a strong congruence with any specific sexual
deviancy, but deviance is not unusual and should not be surprising "in view
of the psychopath's notable tendencies to hit upon unsatisfactory conduct in
all fields and his apparent inability to take seriously what would to others
be repugnant and regrettable."
Also not surprisingly, "in view of their incapacity for object love, the
sexual aims of psychopaths do not seem to include any important personality
relations or other recognizable desire or ability to explore or possess or
significantly ravish the partner in a shared experience." They are generally
limited to "literal physical contact and relatively free of the enormous
emotional concomitants and the complex potentialities that make adult love
relations an experience so thrilling and indescribable." Far from being
super-sexed, "their amativeness is little more than a simple itch and that
even the itch is seldom, if ever, particularly intense." As for the
psychopathic male, "despite his usual ability to complete the physical act
successfully with a woman, [he] never seems to find anything meaningful or
personal in his relations or to enjoy significant pleasure beyond the
localized and temporary sensations."
Psychopaths of both genders have a record of sexual promiscuity, but this
"seems much more closely related to their almost total lack of self-imposed
restraint than to any particularly strong passions or drives. Psychopaths
sometimes seem by preference to seek sexual relations in sordid
surroundings" or with inappropriate people. They go out of their way to find
sexual entanglement that "mock ordinary human sensibility or what might be
called basic decency...." The male psychopath, beneath "his outwardly
gracious manner toward women and his general suavity and social charm...
nearly always shows an underlying predilection for obscenity, an
astonishingly ambivalent attitude in which the amorous and excretory
functions seem to be confused. He sometimes gives the impression that an
impulse to smear his partner symbolically, and even wallow in sordidness
himself, is more fundamental than a directly erotic aim, itself hardly more
to him than a sort of concomitantand slightly glorified backscratching."
"Inadequately motivated antisocial behavior"
"He will commit theft, forgery, adultery, fraud, and other deeds for
astonishingly small stakes and under much greater risks of being discovered
than will the ordinary scoundrel. He will, in fact, commit such deeds in the
absence of any apparent goal at all."
"Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations"
A psychopath does not feel genuine gratitude for kindness or trust. Nor does
he conduct his life by any recognized code of reciprocity. But "we often
find him attentive in small courtesies and favors, often habitually generous
or quasi-generous when the cost is not decisive." Sometimes these acts are
self-serving in subtle ways, but not always. "Outward social graces come
easy to most psychopaths, and many continue, throughout careers disastrous
to themselves and for others, to conduct themselves in superficial
relations, in handling the trivia of existence, so as to gain admiration and
gratitude. In these surface aspects of functioning, the typical psychopath
(unlike the classic hypocrite) often seems to act with undesigning
spontaneity and to be prompted by motives of excellent quality though of
marvelously attenuated substance."
I referred to Clinton using Rieber's classification, "adaptive psychopath."
In part, an adaptive psychopath is merely a successful one, one who has
avoided jail or asylum. He is a psychopath more able to function in the real
world whether, as Rieber says, because of "superior endowment or because
their survival was facilitated by adopting an outwardly [normal] facade."
But Rieber — who has written extensively about Psychopathy in Everyday Life
(in fact, this is the subtitle of his book, Manufacturing Social Distress) —
means something a bit more subtle by "adaptive psychopath" and presents
psychopathy, itself, using a somewhat streamlined description. While
accepting the work of Cleckley and Hare — both of whom have largely studied
psychopathy in therapeutic or penal settings — Rieber writes that in his
view:
"the following four salient characteristics — thrill seeking, pathological
glibness, antisocial pursuit of power, and absence of guilt — distinguish
the true psychopath."
"Thrill-Seeking"
This is more than merely impulsive behavior. Often considerable planning is
involved, as well as the cooperation of accomplices. This behavior may be
due, in part, to a higher threshold of "perceptual stimulation" among
psychopaths, leading to thrill-seeking, drug use and violence (sexual or
otherwise). Also psychopathic thrill-seeking is qualitatively different from
normal boredom defeating pursuits. "Psychopathic thrill-seeking consists in
breaking the rules, whatever they might be, or even in surreptitiously
making up new rules. At a poker table, psychopaths do not want to win; they
want to cheat and get away with it. That is, they want to turn the game into
a new game, where they make the rules."
Adaptive psychopaths, he says:
"have taken this to a paradoxical extreme: They can go about their routine
duties precisely because they have turned them into a dangerous game of
charades, of passing for normal, while in their off-hours they live an
entirely different life." Clinton manifests this in all aspects of his life;
from his golf Mulligans to his interpretation of the ten commandments. His
entire adult life, lived under the microscope of public scrutiny, has been
one long game of charades. Friends, even enemies, marvel at the paradox that
such an ambitious man would risk everything, repeatedly, to gratify his
desires (which often actually seem as fleeting and trivial as mere whims).
Clinton's psychopathic thrill-seeking is satisfied by precisely this
inconsistency: by the incompatibility between his public ambitions and that
rapacious private life.
"Pathological Glibness: The Manipulation of Meaning in the Communication of
Deceit"
All psychopaths, at every level of intelligence, are remarkably glib and
persuasive. Cleckley also talks about "semantic dementia," by which he means
that the psychopath is unmoved by the ordinary emotional demands of a
situation and act as if they do not exist. Rieber takes this further: "[T]he
same dissociation is also manifest in their speech; words have become
detached from meaning and serve instead as a means of placating a dangerous
foe or of fleecing an unwary victim. By the same token, they do not allow
themselves to be moved by words and concepts that their fellow citizens
value."
Hare has reported that the organization of the psychopath's brain seems to
differ from the "normal" brain in the way it deals with language as well as
emotion. It seems that language may be more diffusely and shallowly
processed by the psychopath. This corresponds to the psychopath's ability to
hold several, mutually contradictory concepts in his mind at once without
evident discord. If there is one trait of Clinton's that stands out, even
against the backdrop of hairsplitting lawyers, politicians and consultants,
it is his use of language. His grand jury testimony is a case study in
semantic dementia and verbal dissociation. A careful look at moments such as
the lesson on the meaning of "is" reveals a tiny flash of triumph on
Clinton's face. He has cheated in plain sight and won. This analysis
extends, also, to public affairs. At its heart, triangulation is "semantic
dementia" as a political weapon.
"Antisocial Pursuit of Power"
Psychopaths are preoccupied with power relationships. Not only are they
interested "in obtaining maximum power for themselves, but they seem
hell-bent on using power for destructive ends. Only in paranoid states and
in the attitudes of career criminals can a comparable fusion of antisocial
trends with the power drive be seen. It is as though, for psychopaths, power
can be experienced only in the context of victimization: if they are to be
strong, someone else must pay. There is no such thing, in the psychopathic
universe, as the merely weak; whoever is weak is also a sucker, that is,
someone who demands to be exploited."
This also typifies Clinton's approach to the use of power — over women, over
opponents and even over allies. It is manifested in Clinton's justification
for exploiting his lawyer's gullibility in believing his own client
(Clinton, himself). It underlies his abusive relationship to women (many of
whom either came to him because of his power or who were unable to resist or
complain because of it). The psychopathic attitude towards power also
underlies Clinton's dealings with Congress — both majority and minority —
and his ongoing shell games with policy.
Psychopaths, it has been noted, tend to invade the space of others to
intimidate or dominate. Often this takes the form of a piercing, unwavering
gaze. Women sometimes interpret this as seduction, as Monica Lewinsky
reports about herself. Men also feel it, although in different ways. Bob
Woodward mentioned on Larry King recently that this is what he first noticed
about Clinton during a face to face meeting. Even a glass of diet Coke never
occluded that unblinking laserlike stare. (For a jarring parallel, watch the
opening scene of Kubrick's Clockwork Orange!)
"Absence of Guilt"
Psychopaths are not ignorant of law and its sanctions. They simply ignore
the former and seek to evade the latter. They are, therefore, "skilled in
evasion and rationalization. Some, gifted histrionically, can even feign
remorse. But they do not feel guilt.... [W]hen psychopaths are caught they
are in a profound sense uncomprehending."
If one thing marked Clinton's great apology tour, following discovery of the
soiled dress, it was total and absolute insincerity. (Where are the
religious counselors now that he has escaped removal?) If you read all the
statements of regret and the comments about mutual forgiveness, only one
conclusion is possible: Clinton is, on the one hand, presenting a facade of
guilty shame to evade repercussions while, simultaneously, taking pleasure
in manipulating the words so as to never say what his "sucker" audience
thinks he is saying. The sum of these four parts is what Rieber refers to as
the "Mephisto Syndrome."
"[I]t is hard to resist the impression that the true psychopath is a
personification of the demonic.... They are not social, only superficially
gregarious; not considerate, just polite; not self-respecting, only vain;
not loyal, only servile and down deep they are really quite shallow....
Hence the observed homologies with the figures of the demonic: ...For the
psychopath, the demonic is a way of life....
"[S]ince like the devil psychopaths are inherently asocial, they are
difficult to comprehend within the confines of ordinary human morality.
[T]he true psychopath, like Lucifer, goes beyond the categories of evil and
sin; theologically, the true psychopath is incapable of forming any
relationship to God or to humans.... Not feeling remorse, psychopaths enter
the confessional, as they enter psychotherapy, only when it serves some
other purpose, typically that of evading punishment....
"[T]he power of the group is real; if properly organized the group can
accomplish things well beyond the power of any individual. The individuals,
for their part, participate in the exercise of group power through
identification....
"Psychopaths, by contrast, appear to situate themselves altogether
differently vis-a-vis the group. Rather than adopt a posture of
identification, they appear to... proceed on the delusionary belief that in
their own person they can emulate and create the degree of power that,
properly speaking, only the group has. More than a law unto themselves,
psychopaths act as if they were a whole nation unto themselves....
[reminding us of de Gaulle's famous saying that nations have no friends,
only interests.]
"Dissociation is a critical cognitive process in psychotherapy. It is
manifest in the pathological glibness, in the inability to feel guilt, in
the inability to profit from experience, and in the semantic dementia,
generally, of the psychopath.... [D]issociation refers to the tendency of
individuals to... dissociate... their 'real' selves from their 'public'
selves. Such people histrionically alter their public presentations to
create a succession of socially acceptable images or facades....
"With psychopaths, dissociation reaches to a deeper level; paradoxically it
is also more readily put to the service of the pathologically inflated ego.
Where the histrionic splits off the 'bad me' from the 'good me,' ...the
psychopath's internal split seems seems to take place at an even more basic
level, that of the 'me' and the 'not me....' [T]here is nothing that is 'not
me' for psychopaths. There is no limit to the grandiosity of their
fantasies, likewise there is no limit to what they might do....
"[The psychopath's] deeper dissociation is utterly uncontrolled, and this
makes it practically impossible for psychopaths to do anything else but con
at the level of social valuations.... [T]he same is true of the kind of
rationalizations and trumped-up emotions psychopaths rely on.... [T]here is
a level of conscious ego-involvement in these techniques, but it is a
pathologically inflated ego..., an ego that has lost the ability to produce
either genuine reasons or genuine feelings...."
The trait at the root of psychopathy is flattened affect. The profound
shallowness of the psychopath's emotional life is not only their trademark
behavioral trait — though often masked by an outward glib charm — it has
also been identified by brain scans. From this emotional deficit, all else
appears to follow. A vital emotional life seems to be essential to
conscience, judgment, the ability to learn from experience, insight and all
the other social and moral values lacking in the psychopath.
Not surprisingly, this issue of emotional deficit also underlies the
difference between my theory of Clinton and Efron's. Efron's diagnosis —
which requires deep emotional suffering and conscience paralyzed cognitive
skills — is incompatible with the psychopathic traits manifested by Clinton.
Hers simply cannot explain the pathological lying, the evasions, the
exploitation of women and the like. On the other hand, if my diagnosis is to
succeed, it must explain how a presumed emotional deficit is consistent with
Clinton's "relentless huggy, weepy emotionalism," his legendary screaming
fits and purple rages and his repetitious, self-pitying self-diagnosis.
The answer is obvious from the very description of the syndrome. Violent
emotional demonstrations by a psychopath are, as Cleckley said, always the
result of a lack of inhibition rather than any genuine strength of feeling.
When these outbursts are directed as rage against another, they can also be
explained by the psychopath's lack of empathy for that other person and
instinct to dominate him or her. Displays of rage — like inappropriate eye
contact — are typical of animal dominance behaviors. Moreover, psychopaths
are often motivated by a need for approval, which is one reason they so
carefully ape genuine emotional responses. An intelligent psychopath is not
oblivious to objective signs of his own failure; he is, however, more or
less oblivious to his own contributing faults. To recognize them would
require insight, which he does not possess. So a psychopath will often lash
out at others in violent rage, blaming them for the falling polls, failed
legislation, editorial criticism, etc. Paradoxically, the sychopath is also
capable of putting on an outward display of insight when it suits him. It is
a hollow, false insight. A psychopath can analyze his own conduct with great
psychological skill, but the words are, as Cleckley pointed out, as empty as
he is.
A young patient cited by Cleckley had a typical history of truancy and
delinquency. Finally, in desperation, his affluent family asked a friend to
intervene. The friend was an older man with considerable practical
experience helping troubled youths. He decided to take the boy on a long
automobile trip — with the purpose of maintaining a relaxed atmosphere while
keeping his audience captive. The boy did most of the talking. He analyzed
his own shortcomings with, seemingly, great insight and honesty. He
volunteered that he needed to change and outlined steps that he might take
to do so. The older man was very impressed. When they arrived back at the
boy's home that evening, the man discharged his passenger at the curb and
drove off. The boy walked past the house, through the back yard and out the
back gate. He was next seen a week later, in police custody, having
committed a spate of forgeries and thefts.
Efron's excellent and convincing portrayal of the Hollow Sun King, the first
Clinton paradox, is, in short, an almost perfect description of a
charismatic psychopath: a soulless "intraspecies predator" (to quote Hare's
"Without Conscience). A robot without empathy, devoid of conscience or
remorse, living a mere shadow of an emotional life, but able to mimic the
outward manifestation of emotions on demand. Able, therefore, to manipulate
the unwary to a degree that defies imagination. Presenting a different facet
to each viewer. Objectively hollow, but, to the susceptible, very like a
"Sun King." A Sun King who deceives, exploits, betrays and rapes his
subjects.
It is left for me, now, to explain the second paradox, which arises from the
total chaos at the center of Clinton's mind. I need to demonstrate, at a
minimum, that psychopathy is consistent with such cognitive turmoil. I
intend to do even better than that: to prove that psychopathy, which is
essentially an emotional (and moral) deficit, actually explains Clinton's
cognitive dysfunction as described by Efron.
Psychopaths have, for the most part, been studied in prisons. These studies
tend to describe the life patterns of losers — men and women incapable of
maintaining a "normal" life. These people have seemingly intact intellects —
may, in fact, be of superior intelligence. However, on practical matters
involving themselves, they are totally unable to plan or make sound
decisions. Usually, given the population being studied, this is manifested
in an aimless pattern in their lives. This is sometimes listed as a trait to
be looked for in diagnosing the psychopath. The adaptive psychopath,
however, by definition has avoided such complete and profound failure. Is it
possible that cognitive dysfunction of the sort we see in Clinton, the
successful psychopath, is the same as that which afflicts the more often
studied criminal psychopath? And how does this cognitive dysfunction relate
to emotional deficit?
Recent research tells us how an emotional deficit can, in fact, manifest
itself as such cognitive dysfunction. In 1994, Antomio R. Damasio (Ph.D.,
M.D.) published a seminal work on the profound interrelatedness of our
intellectual and emotional processes, Descartes' Error — Emotion, Reason,
and the Human Brain. He started with a study of one Phineas Gage. In 1848,
Mr. Gage was involved in a mining accident in which he blasted a sharpened
sixteen foot iron rod, completely through his left prefrontal cortex. It
landed some 100 yards away. He recovered consciousness almost immediately
and was taken to town on a wagon. He walked unassisted to a nearby porch and
sat patiently waiting for the physician, regaling his audience with the
story of his accident. His brain was clearly visible pulsing beneath the
horrible wound. Except for blindness in one eye, he recovered with no
obvious mental or physical incapacity.
But he was not the same affable, hardworking, honest man that Phineas Gage
had been before. He was completely changed. He could no longer hold a job.
He became irritable and aggressive. His emotional life was shallow. He drank
and brawled. And he displayed no ability to make intelligent decisions about
his own life. His life spiralled downward from one personal disaster to
another. Gage's wound had deprived him of something besides his left eye.
Something subtle. It had taken affect from him; it had stolen away his
emotions. And for some reason, this produced a profound cognitive
dysfunction that destroyed his life.
Damasio and his wife, herself a neurologist, reconstructed the damaged brain
from Gage's skull, which was on public display. And they saw many living
patients with similar — although less dramatically sustained — trauma to the
prefrontal cortex. All these patients also suffered serious lowering of
affect with no direct physical damage to their motor or language
capabilities. And most manifested a similar severe impairment of practical
intellectual capacity: they were unable to reason about things that had a
bearing on their own lives (as opposed to purely theoretical puzzles) and
were incapable of making rational decisions.
Allison Barnes and Paul Thagard (of the University of Waterloo in Canada)
write in a paper called, Emotional Decisions:
"Damasio maintains that Gage and other frontal lobe patients with faulty
decision making skills have all the information required to make decisions.
According to neurological studies by Saver and Damasio (1991), social
knowledge in these patients remains intact. Their experimental subject, EVR,
could provide response options to social situations, consider the
consequences of these options and perform moral reasoning at an advanced
level. EVR had normal or better intelligence and memory. Detailed studies by
Saver and Damasio suggest that even with all the necessary information, such
patients are unable to implement a choice in everyday life. For example, EVR
would take hours deciding where to dine by obsessing about each restaurant's
seating plan, menu and atmosphere. Even then, he could not reach a final
decision."
Compare EVR's dilemma with Efron's descriptions of Clinton's frenzied and
unsuccessful decision making. Damasio's neurological studies show, write
Barnes and Thagard, that "what is damaged in these patients is not memory or
intelligence, but the neural connections between the emotional and cognitive
centers of the brain. More specifically, the ventromedial frontal region is
reported to be responsible for emotional processing and social cognition
through connections with the amygdala and hypothalamus. After a series of
tests, Saver and Damasio conclude that in the absence of emotional input,
EVR's decision making process was overwhelmed by trivial information. With
additional studies, the researchers conclude that EVR had no internal goal
representation. In order for goals to remain stable for EVR, they had to be
represented externally and repeatedly. Otherwise, '...it was as if he forgot
to remember short- and intermediate- term goals.... He couldn't keep a
problem in perspective in relation to other goals.'"
Damasio's hypothesis, widely accepted today, is that there is a strong
connection between emotional processes and intellectual processes: our
emotions are equal partners, if you will, in our intellectual lives. This is
especially true in practical decision making. Domasio theorizes that
"somatic markers" are the mechanism by which emotions conspire with thought
to produce decisions. Essentially, every goal, every means to that goal,
every intermediate step and all possible alternatives along the way are
encoded with emotional attributes of which we are not consciously aware. As
Barnes and Thagard write:
"The somatic marker hypothesis is presented by Damasio to explain these
experimental findings. The hypothesis is that bodily feelings normally
accompany our representations of the anticipated outcomes of options. In
other words, feelings mark response options to real or simulated decisions.
Somatic markers serve as an automatic device to speed one to select
biologically advantageous options. Those options that are left unmarked are
omitted in the decision-making process.
Damasio suggests that patients with frontal lobe damage fail to activate
these somatic markers which are directly linked to punishment and reward,
and originate in previously experienced social situations. EVR's decision
making defect is explained by an inability to activate somatic states when
ordinary decisions arise; by an inability to mark the implications of a
social situation with a signal that would separate good and bad options. EVR
was therefore trapped in a never-ending cost-benefit analysis of numerous
and conflicting options. In the absence of emotional markers, decision
making is virtually impossible....
"Damasio claims that un-marked options are not considered by the decision
maker. This biasing function of somatic markers is really what makes
decision making possible. In the absence of markers, the decision maker has
too much information to deal with. The computations involved are so
cumbersome that they cannot yield a final decision. In short,emotions
dictate and constrain which bits of information are used."
There is a close resemblance between psychopathic traits and the symptoms
presented by the victims of brain trauma of the sort just described. Some
researchers actually argue that psychopathy is the result of either trauma
to or arrested development of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system.
One theory is that the psychopathic brain is organized differently
(resembling the consequences of physical trauma) as the result of imperfect
socialization in the very early years — arising either from inherited
deficits or from a pathological family environment (or both). Whether this
is true or not, both psychopathy and such brain trauma are functions of a
similar, profound emotional deficit, both apparently arise in the same brain
structures and both manifest remarkably similar symptoms.
If there is a subtle difference in the descriptions of indecisiveness in
psychopaths and of brain trauma victims, it is because psychopaths tend to
be studied in prison settings and brain trauma patients in hospitals. All
these studies — both of psychopaths and brain trauma patients — indicate
that pure reason remains unimpaired in both. The subjects can pass tests —
entirely theoretical tests — designed to identify intellectual impairment.
If the element of practical, personal decision making is added to these
tests, however, both sets of subjects fail — flailing about helplessly. One
brain trauma patient, for example, after hours and hours of questions
designed to test his ability to solve theoretical ethical problems — tests
which he passed with normal scores — commented to the clinician, "You know,
after all this, I still would not know what to do."
The emotionally crippled psychopath does not know, in situations calling for
decision, how to think. He cannot decode the somatic markers. In the
unsuccessful psychopath this results in a ruined life. In the successful
psychopath, it results in a career of constant crises — and the ruination of
the lives of others. Perhaps, the successful psychopath achieves success
partly through parasitism — by using the cognitive powers of others, as
Efron argues that Clinton does Hillary's. Unfortunately, I believe that
there is a compelling case that Clinton is a true psychopath. That at the
core of the "Sun King," William Jefferson Clinton, we see hidden in plain
sight this intractable pathology, this emptiness and its horrible power.
Psychopathy in the world's most powerful leader creates a terrible dilemma
for a democracy. The psychopath is not mentally ill or mentally impaired as
these terms apply in the law or in connection with the 25th Amendment to the
Constitution. But he is, as noted by all the experts, just as dangerous as
if he were, perhaps more so. Just as unfit for high office, perhaps more so.
Psychopaths do not just blunder blindly into evil; they seek it out.
SITALCES X <Idom...@email.msn.com> wrote in message
news:OdB1Qfff#GA.212@upnetnews05...
>Can the Vice President and the Cabinet remove the elected leader of the
>nation on the basis of "moral dementia"? Do we really want to re-enact the
>Caine Mutiny on a national level? Any move to remove this clearly unfit
>creature from office must, it seems to me, come from the Congress. This
>route, however, has now all but been foreclosed. A chorus of soft voices
has
>arisen calling for "counseling" for this man who sits at the pinnacle of
>power - allegedly suffering merely from some popular form of addiction.
This
>is arrant nonsense. There is no pill, no treatment, no therapy and no
>exorcism that can "cure" him or those like him. Hare reports that therapy
>seems actually to exacerbate their antisocial behavior - to make them
worse!
>These creatures are profoundly alien. Visitors from a parallel moral
>universe. They can never interact with ours as anything but soulless
>predators. And there is virtually nothing we can do about it.
>
>In the November 1994 issue of Reason, Edith Efron asked the intriguing
>question: "Can the President Think?" Her conclusion was that the president
>suffers from severe cognitive dysfunction and that the resulting chaos of
>his mind accounts for the chaos in his administration. In her analysis,
>Clinton emerges as the sum of two bedeviling paradoxes. The first, the
>paradox of the Hollow Sun King, refers to the strange emptiness that we
>perceive at the center of the charismatic Clinton phenomenon. The second,
>the paradox of the Paralyzed Sprinter, to the utter chaos that reigns at
the
>center of his administration - and, seemingly, of his mind. In this essay,
I
>will first present an outline of Efron's argument, along with her proposed
>etiology. I will then present an alternative theory - one that unifies not
>only these two paradoxes, but also the other sordid paradoxes of Clinton's
>life.
>
>Efron's First Paradox: The Hollow Sun King
>
>Clinton evokes worship as no American politician has since JFK. Not
respect.
>Not admiration. Not even hero worship. But a sort of personal fawning, by
>both male and female worshipers, that borders on the sexual. For example, a
>youthful Arkansas journalist (a male) once described the fledgling Arkansas
>politician, Bill Clinton, as "the Sun King. And if you look too long at him
>you will be blind, your senses flooded with his gold-spined brilliance....
>There must be some elemental undercurrent here that generates envy in other
>men, not just the musk of power but something pheromonic.
>
>He possesses extraordinary talent and a fierce thirst for knowledge and
>insight, but above all approval. One reporter who spent time with him in
New
>Hampshire found him one of the most outwardly directed people she had ever
>met-as if he had little inner sense of self at all.'" Sam Smith, editor of
>Progressive Review and an outspoken critic of Clinton from the left, has
>succinctly captured the essence behind the first paradox:
>
>"It was the normal work of the politician, but with Clinton there seemed
too
>much. Too many hands, too many friends, too many words, too many hours
>before he went to sleep, too many hours on C-SPAN solving the nation's
>problems with too many industrialists and economists-and in the end too
Rick Droske wrote:
> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>
>
What arguments could ideo-moron possibly use? Logic? He is calling for removal
of Clinton for psychological reasons, and for keeping Milosevic presumably
because he is sane.
Cheers, Asia
Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
>
>
>Rick Droske wrote:
>
>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>>
>>
>
xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa!!!!!!
Regards to all ................L.
SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove presidents. Milosevic
is a
>dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember.... Clinton said so.
>
>
>Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
>>
>>
>>Rick Droske wrote:
>>
>>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>>>
>>>
>>
LYNGOS wrote in message <#7db3Z7f#GA.137@upnetnews05>...
>The super ROYALIST--NAZI--FASCIST--SUPREMACIST all of a sudden becomes a
>.............DEMOCRAT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
>The end MUST BE CLOSE for IDIOTS of his kind.
>
>xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa!!!!!!
>
>Regards to all ................L.
>
>
>SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>>darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove presidents. Milosevic
>is a
>>dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember.... Clinton said so.
>>
>>
>>Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
>>>
>>>
>>>Rick Droske wrote:
>>>
>>>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
Probably it will be Vice President Al Gore. Think for a moment before you
demonize him. Without his effort to privatize the Internet in the late 1980's,
you wouldn't have this forum to spout your anti-American rhetoric.
The irony slays me.
Webmaster wrote:
> Any American, with even a rudimentary moral upbringing, has much shame for
> William(I Feel Your Pain)Clinton. The Chinagate investigation continues, in
> spite of the war.
> SITALCES X wrote in message ...
> >darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove presidents. Milosevic is a
> >dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember.... Clinton said so.
> >
> >
> >Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
> >>
> >>
> >>Rick Droske wrote:
> >>
> >>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>
> >>What arguments could ideo-moron possibly use? Logic? He is calling for
> >removal
> >>of Clinton for psychological reasons, and for keeping Milosevic presumably
> >>because he is sane.
> >>
> >>Cheers, Asia
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
--
Visit us on the web at http://www.netINS.net/showcase/cimathq/
Note: Suddenly anti-Clinton has become "anti-American." Get a sanitary
war, bomb from afar, wrap yourself in the American flag, and you're home
free. What a suck ass.
Regards to all ..................L.
SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>LYGDO SHUT UP, PUT YOUR DICK BACK IN YOUR MOUTH.
>
>LYNGOS wrote in message <#7db3Z7f#GA.137@upnetnews05>...
>>The super ROYALIST--NAZI--FASCIST--SUPREMACIST all of a sudden becomes
a
>>.............DEMOCRAT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
>>The end MUST BE CLOSE for IDIOTS of his kind.
>>
>>xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa!!!!!!
>>
>>Regards to all ................L.
>>
>>
>>SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>>>darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove presidents.
Milosevic
>>is a
>>>dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember.... Clinton said so.
>>>
>>>
>>>Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Rick Droske wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove presidents. Milosevic is a
>dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember.... Clinton said so.
>
>
>Asia Lerner wrote in message <3708C1DA...@checkpoint.com>...
>>
>>
>>Rick Droske wrote:
>>
>>> You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.
>>>
>>>
>>
Webmaster wrote:
> Any American, with even a rudimentary moral upbringing, has much shame for
> William(I Feel Your Pain)Clinton. The Chinagate investigation continues, in
> spite of the war.
Thank you, Bogdan, of reminding us of that.
Regards to all ...............L.
SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>Coprophiliac +ACE-
>You are the only one who is fed excrement. That is all you understand
and
>cherish.
>How dare celebrate Easter you blood thirsty complexic Vlach. How dare
take
>communion?
>(But if you must at least be last and spare the innocent people from
your
>miasma.
>
>
>
>George S. Tsapanos wrote in message ...
>+AD4-Is clean already.
>+AD4-You took care of it with your mouth ,after came out of your ass.
>+AD4-You forgot already ?
>+AD4-
>+AD4-
>+AD4-Regards to all ..................L.
>+AD4-
>+AD4-
>+AD4-SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>+AD4APg-LYGDO SHUT UP, PUT YOUR DICK BACK IN YOUR MOUTH.
>+AD4APg-
>+AD4APg-LYNGOS wrote in message
+ADwAIw-7db3Z7f+ACM-GA.137+AEA-upnetnews05+AD4-...
>+AD4APgA+-The super ROYALIST--NAZI--FASCIST--SUPREMACIST all of a
sudden becomes
>+AD4-a
>+AD4APgA+-.............DEMOCRAT
+ACEAIQAhACEAIQAhACEAIQAhACEAIQAhACEAIQAhACEAIQAh-
>+AD4APgA+-The end MUST BE CLOSE for IDIOTS of his kind.
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+-xaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxaxa+ACEAIQAhACEAIQAh-
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+-Regards to all ................L.
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+-SITALCES X wrote in message ...
>+AD4APgA+AD4-darling, we have a Democracy here we can remove
presidents.
>+AD4-Milosevic
>+AD4APgA+-is a
>+AD4APgA+AD4-dictator and blood thirsty butcher.....remember....
Clinton said so.
>+AD4APgA+AD4-
>+AD4APgA+AD4-
>+AD4APgA+AD4-Asia Lerner wrote in message
+ADw-3708C1DA.DFF35012+AEA-checkpoint.com+AD4-...
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-Rick Droske wrote:
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APgA+- You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of
them.
>+AD4APgA+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-What arguments could ideo-moron possibly use? Logic? He
is calling
>+AD4-for
>+AD4APgA+AD4-removal
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-of Clinton for psychological reasons, and for keeping
Milosevic
>+AD4APgA+-presumably
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-because he is sane.
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-Cheers, Asia
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4APg-
>+AD4APgA+AD4-
>+AD4APgA+AD4-
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APgA+-
>+AD4APg-
>+AD4APg-
>+AD4-
>+AD4-
>
>
+AD4APgA+AD4APgA+- You certainly can spout new age BS with the best of them.