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soc.culture.south-africa FAQ

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Scott Hazelhurst

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Apr 11, 1995, 3:00:00 AM4/11/95

Archive-name: african-faq/south-africa
Posting-frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 1 March 1995
Supercedes: <3k4uvh$j...@venice.cs.ubc.ca>
Version: 1.5

FAQ FOR SOC.CULTURE.SOUTH-AFRICA

Contents

* Contents
* 1 Introduction
+ 1.1 About this FAQ
+ 1.2 How to get soc.culture.south-africa/za FAQ.
o 1.2.1 The parent document - general s.c.a FAQ
+ 1.3 Some frequently asked questions
+ 1.4 How big? How much? - South Africa Data
o Country and the People
o 8 The Economy
+ 1.5 Networking, computing and South Africa
o 1.5.1 The internet
# South African Newsgroups
o 1.5.2 Resources
* 2 History
+ 2.1 General History
o 2.1.1 Who came first?
+ 2.2 Constitutional History
o 2.2.1 SA Constitutional History: 1900-1993
# Union of South Africa
# Republic of South Africa
+ 2.3 Reference works - empty
+ 2.4 Special Topics
* 3 Geography and the environment
* 4 General Reference Works(empty at the moment)
* 5 Politics and Government
+ 5.1 National Constitutional Structure
+ 5.2 Reference information
o 5.2.1 President's office
o 5.2.2 The Courts
# Appellate Division of the Supreme Court
# The Constitutional Court
o 5.2.3 The Cabinet
o 5.2.4 Constitutional Assembly
o 5.2.5 Provincial Governments
# Northern Transvaal
# Natal
# Eastern Cape
# Free State
# Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging
# Western Cape
# Eastern Transvaal
# Northern Cape
# North West
o 5.2.6 Provincial Legislatures
o 5.2.7 Salaries
+ 5.3 Reference works
+ 5.4 National Symbols
o 5.4.1 National anthems
o 5.4.2 Flags
* 6 The Legal System
+ 6.1 Constitutional Court
+ 6.2 Other stuff
* 7 Police service and national defence
* 8 The Economy
+ 8.1 General - economy
+ 8.2 Banking
+ 8.3 Foreign Exchange
* 9 Education System
+ 9.1 General - education
o 9.1.1 Standard
+ 9.2 Universities
* 10 Culture
+ 10.1 Religion
o 10.1.1 Religious allegiances
+ 10.2 Public Holidays
o 10.2.1 African Independent Churches
+ 10.3 Music
o Juluka/Savuka/Johnny Clegg
+ 10.4 Sport
+ 10.5 Language
+ 10.6 Afrikaans Mailing List
+ 10.7 Food and Beverage
+ 10.8 Miscellaneous
o What is the origin of the word ``toyi-toyi''?
o What is the origin of the boot dance?
o What is the origin of ``Azania''?
* 11 The media
+ 11.1 Radio &Television</A>
11.2 Newspapers
11.3 Other
* 12 Diplomatic Representation
* 13 Tourism &Travel</A>
14 Contact
Index

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About this FAQ

This FAQ consists of references to many resources on the net, and
material that has been scrounged from a variety of sources. A number
of people have provided material (either unknowingly by posting
material to various groups, or by sending me references, files, etc.
etc.). Where material is clearly attributable to other people, please
blame them. Where material isn't attributable, you can blame me if
there's something wrong; however, because of the anonymous structure
of the document, it might well be the work of somebody else, so I want
to thank everyone who helped. (At a later stage, I'll try to get a
contributors' list going).

Please send any suggestions, contributions, corrections, and
notification of any technical problems to me. If you would like to
play a more active role in this document, please let me know too.
Issues of a more general nature about this document such as
directions, balance and so on could also be brought up in
soc.culture.african.

FAQ Maintainer: Scott Hazelhurst <sh...@cs.ubc.ca>

1.2 How to get soc.culture.south-africa/za FAQ.

This FAQ is primarily maintained as a WWW document. There are two
sites which keep this FAQ, one in South Africa and one in Canada. If
you are in Southern Africa use the South African site, if you are
elsewhere in the world use the Canadian one. The WWW document can be
found as
* www document (can be found as:
http://www.cs.wits.ac.za/faq/safrica/safrica.html) (South African
site)
* www document (can be found as:
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/shaze/safrica/safrica.html) (Canadian
site)

The text version of this document is posted to soc.culture.african at
regular intervals.

The text versions are also available by anonymous ftp. The summary
version contains the basic structure, with references (URLs) to
constituent parts. The full version contains as much of the www
document as practicable. The text version of this document is
generated automatically which means that the formatting is not ideal.
(If anyone knows a good latex to text filter please let me know.) The
PostScript version is much better.

If you are reading this, you are reading the fulltext version

The document is available by anonymous ftp as:-
* PostScript summary (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/safrica-summ.ps.gz)
[46K]
* PostScript full version (can be found as:
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/shaze/safrica.ps.gz) [65K]
* Text full version (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/safrica.txt.gz) [28K]

1.2.1 THE PARENT DOCUMENT - GENERAL S.C.A FAQ

The WWW document can be found as
* www document (can be found as:
http://www.cs.wits.ac.za/faq/africa/africa.html) (South African
site)
* www document (can be found as:
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/shaze/africa/africa.html) (Canadian
site)

The text version of this document is posted to soc.culture.african,
soc.answers and news.answers at regular intervals.

The text versions are also available by anonymous ftp. The summary
version contains the basic structure, with references (URLs) to
constituent parts. The full version contains as much of the www
document as practicable.

The document is available by anonymous ftp as:-
* PostScript summary (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/africa-summ.ps.gz) [27K]
* PostScript full version (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/africa.ps.gz) [28K]
* Text full version (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/africa.txt.gz) [7K]

1.3 Some frequently asked questions

You can also search the index, which is in two parts: the general
index of soc.culture.african (can be found as:
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/shaze/african/african.html) FAQ or, this
document's index. They're a bit primitive but may be helpful.

* What are the origins of the word Azania? (See Azania)
* What e-mail, Internet connectivity is there? (See Internet)
* What are the words/lyrics/... of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika? (See
Nkosi)
* What's your favourite Juluka album? (See juluka)
* Who's the worst SABC commentator?
* What are the salaries of the top politicians?

1.4 How big? How much? - South Africa Data

This information is based on an e-publication of a British Church
Group (reference lost - if anyone recognises it please let me know,
with additional information

Country and the People

Area: 1,221,037 sq. km. (471,320 sq. miles)

Land Use: Agriculture 362,916 77%; Forest 17,428 4%; Other 90,976
19%Population ('90) 35,900,000
* Inhabitants per sq. km. 27
* Urbanisation ('90): Urban (60%) 21,540,000 Rural 14,360,000
* Age Distribution ('90)

1 - 14 years 13,713,800 38.2\%
15 - 64 years 20,750,200 57.8\%
65 and over 1,436,000 4.0\%
* Distribution of Working Population ('90).
+ Agriculture 2,822,027 13.6%
+ Industry 5,063,049 24.4%
+ Services 12,865,124 62.0%
* The population is made up of 70%'African origin'. 'European
decendents' account for 15%, of which about 60%are Afrikaans
speakers and 40%English speakers. The 'Coloured' population is
10%. The 'African' peoples are Zulu (18.8%), Xhosa (18.3%),
Tswana, Sotho, Shangaan, Swazi, Ndebele and Venda.
* See 10.5.
* Religion
+ Catholics* 2,881,800 10%
+ Total Christians 22,598,100 79%
+ Muslims 362,000 1%
+ Buddhists 2,700 0%
+ Hindus 565,000 1%
+ Other Faiths 4,580,600 16%
+ No Religion 267,000 1%
+ Christian Practice ('80). %of total pop.
+ Practising 14,028,800 49%
+ Non practising 3,290,700 12%
+ Nominal 5,278,600 18%

* Health

Expectancy ('90) 62 years
Infant Mortality Rate ('90)
66 per 1,000 in first year
90 per 1,000 in first five years
Access to safe drinking water ('86):
Overall 95\% State Facilities
Hospitals('89) 788
People per Hospital ('89) 48,869
Hospital beds ('89) 142,276
People per bed ('89) 246
Doctors ('89) 20,468
People per doctor ('89) 1,710
Nurses ('89) 80,645
People per nurse ('89) 434
Dentist ('89) 3,704
People per Dentist 10,397
Pharmacists ('89) 7,557
People per Pharmacist ('89) 5,096

8 The Economy

Currency: Rand: 4.99 to the pound (July '93).
GNP ('90) $90,827,000,000
($2,530 per capita).
GDP ('90) $90,720,000,000
($2,527 per capita).
Agriculture 5\%
Industry (Manufacturing 26\%) 44\%
Services 51\%
Foreign Debt ('91) $18,100,000,000

Major Imports: Machinery &transport equipment, chemicals, oil, base
metals Major Exports: Gold, base metals, moducts, platinum, food,
drinks and tobacco.

Trade ('90) Import Exports
Food 6\% 1\%*
Fuels 1\% 14\%**
Basic Commodities 5\% 12\%
Machinery/transport 41\% 3\%
Other manufactures 48\% 71\%
* = Textiles and clothing
** = Plus minerals/metals
Household Consumption ('85)
Food 14.1\%
Housing 6.8\%
Energy ?
Transport 9.2\%
Health 2.2\%
Education ?
Other 67.7\%

1.5 Networking, computing and South Africa

1.5.1 THE INTERNET

Rhodes University keeps information on South African networking (can
be found as: gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/11/African Networking).

Phone Books (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.austin.unimelb.edu.au/1/phones/otherphone/Africa) of
some South African universities exist at the University of Melbourne
gopher.

South African Newsgroups

* Overview (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/zanames)

[From Rhodes University Document]

Issues relating to networking connectivity (or otherwise), policy
arguments, and general queries are currently discussed in the
newsgroup "za.net.misc". Other newsgroups are:

za.ads.jobs Looking for a job?/Offering a job?
za.ads.lifts Want a lift from Bulawayo to Cape Town via Durbs?
za.ads.misc For sale/to swap/wanted to buy
za.archives Who's got what, where... and how...
za.culture.xhosa Ingxoxo ngolwini, amasiko nezithete zakwaXhosa.
* za.culture.xhosa For discussions of Xhosa language and culture.
za.edu.comp Discussions on the use of computers in education
za.environment Environmental issues in Southern Africa
za.events Conferences, events and happenings nationally
za.flame A cool imitation of the real thing
za.humour Humour/jokes/fun
za.misc General chat, comments, announcements etc
za.net.maps Local UUCP maps [uuc...@lasernet.co.za] (Moderated)
za.net.misc Miscellaneous ramblings on networking in ZA
za.net.stats Statistics on network usage, automated postings etc
za.net.uninet Announcements and feedback from the Uninet-ZA office
za.politics Politics in Southern Africa
za.schools Issues affecting primary and secondary education
za.sport Finer points of jukskei or the Comrades marathon
za.test Testing of news links and configurations
za.unix.misc General discussion, questions and chat about Unix in ZA

Entries marked with an "*" provide alternative descriptors for the
systems "newsgroups" file.

* Detailed Information (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/0/African Networking/Networking in
Southern Africa) (23kb from Rhodes)

* za.* newsgroups from Rhodes (can be found as: The Rhodes gopher
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za provides these groups)

* How to post to and read the za.* groups.

The za.* hierarchy has a fairly wide circulation internationally.
If your news system doesn't get the za.* hierarchy, speak to your
system administrator; if you give them the information about the
international newsfeeds given above, they may be quite willing to
get them for you. If not, you can still read from and post to the
za.* groups using gopher and a mail-to-news gateway.

Instructions (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/zainstruct.txt) on
reading, posting to the za newsgroups.

From: sh...@cs.ubc.ca (Scott Hazelhurst)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Accessing za groups internationally
Date: 14 Oct 1994 17:16:21 -0700
Organization: Computer Science, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Message-ID:
NNTP-Posting-Host: sparta.cs.ubc.ca

Remote Posting
______________

cc...@hippo.ru.ac.za (F. Jacot Guillarmod) writes:
>There is an email -> usenet gateway for all the za groups set up on our
>news system, quagga.ru.ac.za. If you want to post to say
>"za.culture.xhosa", send your mail message to:
>
> za-cultu...@quagga.ru.ac.za
>
>The algorithm is to replace the "."s in the newsgroup name with "-"s.
>The gateway on quagga is limited to the za groups, plus one or two
>other mainstream groups.

Remote reading
______________

The za groups can be read from one of the following gopher sites:

Britain
=======

Cranfield Institute of Technology: (incomplete list)
gopher.cranfield.ac.uk
Path=nntp 1s za
URL: gopher://gopher.cranfield.ac.uk:4324/1nntp/za

Imperial College, London:
gopher.ic.ac.uk
Path=nntp 1s za
gopher://gopher.ic.ac.uk:4320/1nntp%20ls%20za%20

University of Manchester:
info.mcc.ac.uk
Path=nntp 1s za
URL: gopher://info.mcc.ac.uk:4320/1nntp%20ls%20za

Canada
======

Universite du Quebec a Montreal:
cari.telecom.uqam.ca
Path=nntp ls za
URL: gopher://infopub.uqam.ca:4320/1nntp

Denmark
=======

Danish Academic Network:
gopher.denet.dk
Path=nntp ls za.ads

South Africa
============

Rhodes University:
gopher.ru.ac.za
Path=nntp 1s za
URL: gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za:4324/1nntp%20ls%20za%20

If anyone has additional sites or corrections, please let me know.

SA WWW Server (can be found as: http://www.is.co.za/www-za/)

1.5.2 RESOURCES

* South Africa Watch Magazine (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.igc.apc.org/1/peace/africa.gopher/safrica.watch)
(from Oxfam Canada)

2 HISTORY

2.1 General History

2.1.1 WHO CAME FIRST?

This topic has arisen at least three times in the year. It is based on
the belief that the first white settlers to South Africa found an
almost empty land, and that the ancestors of the black inhabitants of
the country arrived in South Africa at pretty much the same time as
the whites'. Such a belief has a very important political and
propaganda effect.

In summary, this belief does not have evidence to support it.
Historical and archaeological evidence shows to the contrary.

The myth, once held in innocence and long propagated, that the
Bantu-speaking peoples arrived as immigrants on the highveld of the
trans-Vaal at about the same time as the Europeans first settled in
Table Bay, has been demolished as a result of archaeological
research. More than one alternative still exists to explain the
arrival of Bantu-speakers, but this is no longer one of them."

- TRH Davenport A Modern History of South Africa

Past posting (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/history.txt)

2.2 Constitutional History

2.2.1 SA CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY: 1900-1993

When did South Africa gain independence?

Summary: The Union of South Africa formed in 1910, and although
formally the British government and parliament had reserve powers, de
facto independence dates from 31 May 1910. Formally, South Africa's
full sovereignty came after the passage of the Statute of Westminster
in 1931. (South Africa became a republic in 1961, but this only had
the effect of changing the head of state and did not affect the
independence/sovereignty issue.)

At the conclusion of the Anglo-Boer war in 1902, the British had
control over the entire area of South Africa:
* the Cape and Natal which were self-governing colonies
* the Transvaal and Orange Free State which were run directly by
Britain
* the "High Commission Territories" or "protectorates" of
Bechuanaland (now Botswana), Basutholand (now Lesotho), and
Swaziland.

In 1906 and 1907 the Transvaal and the Free State were given
responsible government.

After constitutional negotiations culminating in a National Convention
(excluding blacks), the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910 (the
Union excluded the High Commission Terrritories, although
constitutional provision was made for their entry).

Union of South Africa

At Union, South Africa (like Australia, Canada and New Zealand at that
stage) was not strictly an independent country. Legislative powers
were vested in the South African Parliament (a House of Assembly and
Senate) and effective executive control through South African
ministers (nominally vested in the King through the Governor-General).
However, the Governor-General had the power to reserve signing bills,
and all South African laws were subject to the British Colonial Laws
Validation Act. (I believe these powers were never used and in
practice, independence dates from 1910).

In the Transvaal, Free State and Natal only whites could vote, while
in the Cape there was a formally non-racial franchise (a right later
weakened, and then finally removed in the 1960s).

After the First World War, the status of the dominions like South
Africa changed and a report of the Imperial Conference declared that
the dominions were equal in status and in now way subordinate to
Britain. The Statute of Westminster 1931 (can be found as:
gopher://freenet.victoria.bc.ca/0/archives/history/etext/statute.westm
inster.1931) put legal effect to this when the British Parliament gave
up its right to legislate for the dominions. This was recognised in
South African legislation by the Status of the Union Act 1934 (can be
found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/statusunionact.txt) which
declared the Union a "sovereign independent state". (So, although
there were strong political links with Britain and although South
Africa and Britain shared a common king, South Africa was an
independent country by the start of the Second World War).

Republic of South Africa

After a 1960 referendum among white voters, South Africa became a
republic on 31 May 1961, and allowed its membership of the
Commonwealth to cease after protests from other Commonwealth members.
The structure of the constitution remained the same, with an
indirectly-elected State President peforming the role of head of state
(in place of the King/Governor-General), and the prime minister
remaining head of government.

In 1983 a new constitution was adopted and inaugurated in 1984. The
offices of prime minister and state president were combined into the
State President's office. Parliament was restructured to comprise a
House of Assembly (whites), a House of Representatives (coloureds),
and House of Delegates (Indians). A Presidents' Council (with
effective white control) was set up as a deadlock breaking mechanism.

2.3 Reference works - empty

2.4 Special Topics

* What is the Freedom Charter (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/freedomcharter)?

3 GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Rain and temperature information (can be found as:
gopher://groucho.unidata.ucar.edu/11/Images/Rest_of_World)

Satellite Map of weather (can be found as:
file://unicorn.nott.ac.uk/pub/sat-images/DT.JPG) (100K updated every
half hour)

Map (can be found as:
http://www-penninfo.upenn.edu:1962/penninfo-srv.upenn.edu/9000/19883.g
if) (Note that the provincial boundaries reflect the old
constitution).

Map of SA, with WWW sites (can be found as:
http://www.is.co.za/www-za/www-za-map.html)

4 GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS(EMPTY AT THE MOMENT)

5 POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

South African Government gopher (can be found as:
gopher://wn.apc.org:70/11/govdoc)

ANC FTP site (can be found as: gopher://wn.apc.org/11/anc) ( Enquiries
may be addressed to anc...@wn.apc.org) Anonymous ftp available at
wn.apc.org. Change directory to anc

The Rhodes University gopher (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/1/South African Politics) has some
interesting things.

5.1 National Constitutional Structure

* Overview of constitution (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/0/South African Politics/SA
constitution/South African constitution %28outline%29)

* full text (can be found as: gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/11/South
African Politics/SA constitution) (Rhodes gopher - Directory).

* Text (can be found as:
gopher://wealaka.okgeosurvey1.gov/11/K12/South_Africa) (US site -
very large).

5.2 Reference information

Election results (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/0/South African Politics/Bits and
Pieces/Election results - full)

Office bearers (can be found as:
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/shaze/office/office.html) Biographies (can
be found as: ftp://concave.cs.wits.ac.za/pub/info/wm.a-z) of some of
the people mentioned below.

5.2.1 PRESIDENT'S OFFICE

The president is Nelson Rolihlala Mandela. Inaugurated on 10 May 1994
for a five year term.

The president's office consists of

Jakes Gerwel
former rector of the University of the Western Cape. He'll
serve as Mandela's director-general.

Ahmed Kathrada
the Rivonia trialist who was jailed on Robben Island with
Mandela. He'll serve as Mandela's liaison with Parliament.

Joel Netshitenzhe
also known as Peter Mayibuye, who will serve as chief director
of communications. He is considered one of the brightest young
intellectuals in the ANC.

Mary Mxadana
who worked for the SA Council of Churches, has been appointed
as Mandela's private secretary.

Source:
Oxfam Canada

The Excutive Deputy Presidents are:
* Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki
* Frederik Willem de Klerk

The Excutive Deputy Presidents are:
* Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki
* Frederik Willem de Klerk

5.2.2 THE COURTS

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court

The Appellate Division does not deal with constitutional issues -
except for these issues it is the highest court in the land. The seat
of the AD is Bloemfontein.

* Chief Justice: Mr Justice Michael Corbett QC BA LLB (UCT and
Cantab) Hon LLD (UCT, Rhodes, UOFS)

The Constitutional Court

The Constitutional Court is deals with all constitutional issues
including Acts of Parliament, executive decisions and legislation from
provincial legislatures. Provincial divisions of the Supreme Court
have some jurisdiction of provincial and executive matters - for these
the Constitutional Court has appellate jurisdiction. For all other
issues, the Constitutional Court has original and final jurisdiction.
The seat of the constitutional court is Johannesburg.

President: Arthur Chaskalson SC BCom LLB (Witwatersrand) HonLLD
(Witwatersrand &Cape Town)

Other members of the court: Mr Justice Richard Goldstone, Mr Justice
Ismail Mohamed, Mr Justice Laurie Ackermann and Mr Justice Thole
Madala (appointed under s99(3) of the constitution); Mr Justice John
Didcott, Mr Justice Johan Kriegler, Advocate Pius Langa, Professor
Yvonne Mkgoro, Professor Kate O'Regan, Professor Albie Sachs
(appointed under s99(4)).

Acting judge: Advocate Sydney Kentridge QC SC (while Mr Justice
Goldstone is seconded to the United Nations as prosecutor for the
International Tribunals for Rwanda and the Former Yugolavia).

5.2.3 THE CABINET

The National Cabinet (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/00/South%20African%20Politics/Bits%20and%20Pi
eces/Cabinet%20Appointments)

5.2.4 CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY

The current constitution is an interim constitution and the
Constitutional Assembly is currently writing a new one. The
Constitutional Assembly comprises the Senate and the National Assembly
sitting jointly. The chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly is
Cyril Ramaphosa. The target date for adoption of a new constitution is
9 May 1996.

CONSTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY Nov 10 Sapa

The panel of independent experts to advise the Constitutional
Assembly in its historic constitution-writing task over the next 18
months has been finalised by a CA sub-committee.

It is:

-- Professor Gerhard Erasmus, head of Public Law at Stellenbosch
University;

-- Prof Johan Kruger, attached to Potchefstroom University's
Sociology department;

-- Prof Christina Murray, director of the Law, Race and Gender unit
at the University of Cape Town;

-- Mrs Masechaba Sedibe-Ncholo, a Cambridge University graduate
doing pupillage to be an advocate;

-- Advocate Ishmael Semenya, a Johannesburg-based advocate;

-- Prof Johan van der Westhuizen, Director of the Centre for Human
Rights at Pretoria University; and

-- Advocate Zac Yacoob, a Durban advocate.

Parliament consists of the the Senate (90 members) and National
Assembly (400 members).

5.2.5 PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS

Names believed to be correct, July 1994.

Northern Transvaal

Speaker of Provincial Assembly: TG Mashamba (ANC)

Premier
Ngoako Ramatlhodi (ANC)

Economic Affairs, Commerce and Industry
Thaba Mafumadi (ANC)

Education and Culture
Dr Aaron Motsoaledi (ANC)

Land, Housing and Local Government
J Dombo (ANC)

Agriculture and Forestry
Professor Tiny Burgers (ANC)

Environment and Water
Maris Stella Sexwale-Mabitje (ANC)

Health and Welfare
Dr Joe Phaahla (ANC)

Public Works
Dikeledi Magadzi (ANC)

Police and Protection Services
Seth Nthai (ANC)

Finance and Expenditure
Edgar Mushwana (ANC)

Public Transport
Johan Kriek (FF)

Natal

Monarch] H.M. King Goodwill Zwelethini kaBhekuzulu
Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Dr Frank Mdlalose (IFP)

Finance and Lconomic Affairs
Dr Senzele Mhlungu (IFP)

Education and Culture
Dr Vincent Zulu (IFP)

Police Services
Rev Celani Mtetwa (IFP)

Housing and Local Government
Peter Miller (IFP)

Nature Conservation and Tourism
Prince Gideon Zulu (IFP)

Auxilliary Services and Traditional Affairs
Inkosi Nyanga J. Ngubane (IFP)

Health
Dr Zweli Mkhize] (ANC)

Roads, Transportation and Traffic Control
S'bu Ndebele (ANC)

Social Welfare
Jacob Zuma] (ANC)

Agriculture
George Bartlett (NP)

Eastern Cape

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Raymond Mhlaba (ANC)

Finance, Provincial Expenditure
Shepherd Mayatula (ANC)

Economic Affairs
Smuts Ngonyama (ANC)

Education and Culture
Neela Hoosain (ANC)

Police and Justice
Malizo Mpehle (ANC)

Local Govemment, Housing and Traditional Authorities
Maxwell Mamase (ANC)

Public Works
Tobile Mahlahlo (ANC)

Planning and Development
Ezra Sigwela (ANC)

Health and Welfare
Trudy Thomas (ANC) Transport] Mandisa Marasha (ANC)

Agriculture, Forestry and Water
Tertius Delport (NP)

Speaker of Provincial Assembly] Gugile Nkwinti (ANC)

Free State

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Patrick Lekota (ANC)

Finance and Expenditure
Tate Makgoe (ANC)

Education and Culture
Saki Belot (ANC)

Police Services
Lizzie Kubushe (ANC)

Public Works and Roads
Gregory Nthatisi (ANC)

Health and Welfare
Senorita Ntlabathi

Agriculture and Environmental Affairs
Cas Human (ANC)

Economic Affairs
Ace Magashule (ANC)

Local Government Management
Ouma Motsumi (ANC)

Housing
Vax Mayekiso (ANC)

Public Transport
Louis van der

Speaker of Provincial Assembly Motlalepule Chabaku (ANC)

Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging

Gabriel (Tokyo) Sekwale
(ANC) Premier

Jabu Moeleketi
(ANC), Economic Affairs

Mary Metcalfe
(ANC), Education and Culture

Amos Masondo
(ANC), Health

Sakkie Blanche
(NP), Social Welfare

Dan Mofokeng
(ANC), Local Government and Housing

Sicelo Shiceko
(ANC), Urban-Rural Development and Environment

Olaus van Zyl
(NP), Public Transport and Roads

Jesse Duarte
(ANC), Safety and Security

Peter Skosana
(ANC), Sports, Recreation, Arts and Culture

John Mavuso
(NP), Conservation and Agriculture

Western Cape

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Hernus Kriel (NP)

Housing
Gerald Morkel (NP)

Finance, Expenditure and Service Commission
Kobus Meiring (NP)

Agricultural Development
Lampie Fick (NP)

Local Government and Development Planning
Peter Marais (NP)

Education, Training and Cultural Affairs
Martha Olckers (NP)

Police Services
Patrick McKenzie (NP)

Economic Affairs
Allan Boesak (ANC)

Roads, Transport and Public Works
Leonard Ramatlakane (ANC)

Health and Social Services
Ebrahim Rasoon (ANC)

Environmental Affairs, Nature Conservation and Tourism
Lerumo Kalako (ANC)

Speaker of Provincial Assembly: Willem Doman (NP)

Eastern Transvaal

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Matthew Phosa (ANC)

Economic Affairs
Jabulani Mabena (ANC)

Finance
Jaques Modipane (ANC)

Local and Regional Government
January Che Masilela (ANC)

Law and Order
Steve Mabona (ANC)

Housing
Craig Padayachee (ANC)

Environmental Affairs
David Mkhwanazi (ANC)

Road and Transport
Lackson Mathebula (ANC)

Education
David Mabuza (ANC)

Agriculture
Lucal Nel (NP)

Without portfolio
Steve Mbuyisa

Health and Welfare

Speaker of Provincial Assembly: Mbalekelwa Ginindza (ANC)

Northern Cape

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Manne Amsley Dipico (ANC)

Economic Affairs, Trade and Industry
Goolam Akharwaray (ANC)

Education and Culture
Tina Joemat (ANC)

Health and Welfare
Modise Matoapane (ANC)

Local Government, Housing and Land Reform
Ouneas Dikgetsi (ANC)

Police Services
Peter Gelderbloem (ANC)

Agriculture
Jacobus Marais (NP)

Finance
Jan Brazelle (NP)

Public Works
Peggy Hollander (NP)

Transport
Charl van Wyk (NP)

Unspecified
Jozef Henning (FF)

Speaker of Provincial Assembly: Ethne Papenfus (DP)

North West

Provincial Cabinet

Premier
Popo Molefe (ANC)

Finance
Martin Kuscus (NP)

Agriculture
Rocky Malebane-Metsing (ANC)

Transport
Rev Johanes Tselapedi (ANC)

Public Works
Zacharia Tolo (ANC)

Health
Paul Sefularo (ANC)

Education
Mamokoena Gaoretelelwe (ANC)

Justice
Satish Roopa (ANC)

Housing
Darkie Afrika (ANC)

Public Media
Riani De Wet (ANC)

Economic Affairs
Amie Venter (NP)

Speaker of Provincial Assembly Jerry Thibedi (ANC)

5.2.6 PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURES

Names (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/sa-mpls.dat)

itemize

5.2.7 SALARIES

Basic Car Total Monthly
annual allowance annual income after
salary ance salary tax
----------------------------------------------

President 575 000 115 000 784 350 34 136

Deputy-President 500 000 100 000 681 600 28 187

Provincial Premier,
Cabinet Ministers,
Speaker of NA, 392 000 78 400 470 000 24 836
President of Senate

Chairs of standing 209 000 41 800 250 800 14 205
committees

MPs 161 000 32 200 193 2000 11 416

Source: Weekly Mail and Guardian, 26 August 1994

5.3 Reference works

Suggested reference works are:
* The annual Race Relations Survey of the South African Institute of
Race Relations. The ISSN number is 0258-7246. The ISBN number of
the 1992/93 issue is 0-86982-427-9.

5.4 National Symbols

5.4.1 NATIONAL ANTHEMS

There are two national anthems in South Africa.

* Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/0/South African Politics/Bits and
Pieces/Words for Nkosi sikelel iAfrika)History and Words, Info on
Music (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/nkosi-music).

* Die Stem/The Call of South Africa (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/DieStem)

5.4.2 FLAGS

* The flag question 1910-1993 (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/flags)
* Picture of the The 1994 Interim flag (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/0/South African Politics/interim-flag).
(GIF 330kb from Rhodes University - colour).
* Story (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/flag.txt) of the
interim flag

6 THE LEGAL SYSTEM

6.1 Constitutional Court

Office bearers: See 5.2.2

Other information:

Wits Law Archive (can be found as: http://pc72.law.wits.ac.za)

The Constitutional Repository at the University of the Witwatersrand
Law School contains judgements of the South African Constitutional
Court, links to constitutional sites/documents of interest and general
information about the law school.

6.2 Other stuff

More information coming as soon as someone does it.

Roman Law (can be found as:
http://www.jura.uni-sb.de/Rechtsgeschichte/Ius.Romanum/origo.html)

7 POLICE SERVICE AND NATIONAL DEFENCE

8 THE ECONOMY

8.1 General - economy

gopher (can be found as: gopher://wn.apc.org/1/anc)

* The ANC's Reconstruction and Development Programme (can be found
as: ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/anc-rdp.gz) [14K,
compressed)

* The ANC's Land Policy (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/anc-land.gz) [8K
compressed]

* The ANC's Agricultural Policy (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/anc-agric.gz) [42K
compressed]

* Peter's Primer on the Rand (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/bprand.txt)

* Overview of Provinces (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/provinfoecon.html)

* How big is the Johannesburg Stock Exchange?

Subject: African stock markets
Followup-To: soc.culture.african
Date: 14 Jun 1994 12:20:44 GMT
Organization: Computer Science Dept, U of Witwatersrand

The Economist of 11-17 June has an interesting article about African stock
markets.

South Africa's Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) has a market capitalsation
of $217-billion (the same as Mexico's). The next biggest is Morocco with
just over $3-billion. The JSE has 703 listed companies, Morocco 62,
Zimbabwe 62 and Kenya 56. Nigeria - supposedly Africa's other powerhouse -
has a market capitalisation of only $1-billion, with 174 listed companies
(Dec 1993 figures). All non-SA African stock markets combined have total
market capitilsation of only $13-billion - only about 6% of the JSE.

These figures need to be seen in context: a very large percentage of the
JSE's capitalisation is in very few hands. However it is startling what a
huge difference there is (this may be somewhat distorted by the fact that
some oil-producing countries with high per capita GDP may not bother with
stock markets).

Given that the SA government's priority is increasing wealth in SA and
spreading it more equitably in the process, what will SA's economic
relationship with other African countries be? It's sobering to realize that
the difference in size between SA's economy and those of its neighbours is
huge compared with the difference between Mexico and the US.
--
Philip Machanick phi...@cs.wits.ac.za

8.2 Banking

South African Reserve Bank (can be found as:
http://www.is.co.za/services/resbank/resbank.html)

8.3 Foreign Exchange

Foreign exchange rates (can be found as:
http://www.ora.com/cgi-bin/ora/currency?South_Africa)

9 EDUCATION SYSTEM

9.1 General - education

9.1.1 STANDARD

What is the standard of South African eduction?

According to the British Council's International Guide to
Qualifications in Education (Second Edition, 1987):-
* Overall a matriculation or senior certificate is equivalent in
standard to somewhere between O and A level.
* On a subject by subject basis, a subject done at matric level on
either the higher or standard grade with a symbol of A-D is
equivalent to an O-level.
* Some British Universities will accept the matric certificate or
equivalent for admission directly into an undergraduate degree
programme - others will require some A-levels or a year at a South
African universities.
* A South African Honours degree (e.g. BScHons) is ``generally
accepted'' as equivalent to a British Honours degree, and a four
year engineering degree would correspond to the equivalent British
qualification. These qualifications may be accepted for admission
into a postgraduate degree programme at a British university.
* A South African bachelor's degree (e.g. a three-year degree like a
BA or BSc) is ``likely considered'' equivalent to a British
ordinary degree.

This information is a bit dated now, so more recent information
welcome.

9.2 Universities

1. University of Durban-Westville
Address: Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000
Telephone: +27 31 820 9111; - Fax: +21 31 820-2383

2. University of Fort Hare
Address: Private Bag X1314, Alice
Telephone: +27 404 3-2011; - Fax: +27 404 3-1643

3. University of Cape Town
Address: Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700
Telephone: +27 21 650-9111; - Fax: +27 21 650-2138
WWW site (can be found as: http://www.uct.ac.za)

4. Medical University of South Africa
Address: PO Box, Medunsa, 0204
Telephone: +27 12 529-4111; - Fax: +27 12 58-2323

5. University of Natal
Durban Campus
Address: King George V Avenue, Durban, 4001
Telephone: +27 31 816-9111; - Fax: +27 31 816-2214
Gopher site (can be found as: gopher.und.ac.za)

Pietermaritzburg Campus
Address: Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209
Telephone: +27 331 95-5911; - Fax: +27 331 95-5599
URL (can be found as: http://www.unp.ac.za/cisbase.htm)

6. University of the North
Main campus Address: Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727
Telephone: +27 1521 68-9111; - Fax: +27 1521 67-0152

Drakensberg Address: Private Bag X13, Phutaditjhaba, 9866
Telephone: +27 1438 3-0211; - Fax: +27 1438 3-0152

Giyani Address: Private Bag 9604, Giyani, 0826
Telephone: +27 1526 2-3804; - Fax: +27 1526 2-1940

7. Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat
Address: Posbus 339, Bloemfontein, 9300
Telefoon: 405-2911
Telefaks: 401-2117

8. University of Port Elizabeth
Address: PO Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000
Telephone: +27 41 504-2111; - Fax: +27 41 504-2574

9. Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Ho?r Onderwys
Adres: Privaatsak X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520
Telefoon: +27 148 99-1111
Telefaks: +27 148 99-2799

10. Universiteit van Pretoria
Adres: Universiteit van Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002
Telefooon: +27 12 420-9111
Gopher (can be found as: gopher.up.ac.za)

11. Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit
Telefoon: +27 11 489-2911

12. Rhodes University
Address: Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140
Telephone: +27 461 31-8111; - Fax: +27 461 2-5049
Gopher site (can be found as: goher.ru.ac.za); WWW site (can be
found as: www.ru.ac.za)

13. Universiteit van Stellenbosch
Telefoon: +21 21 808-9111
Telefaks: +21 21 808-4336

14. University of Transkei
Address: Private Bag X1, Unitra, Umtata
Telephone: +27 471 302-2111; - Fax: +27 471 2-6820

15. University of South Africa (Unisa)
Address: University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, PRETORIA, 0001
Email address (for information): study...@unisa.ac.za
Telephone (undergraduate): +27 12 429-4116
Fax (undergraduate): +27 12 429-2533
Telephone (postgraduate): +27 12 429-4121
Fax: +27 12 429-3221 (Postgraduate):
Gopher (can be found as: gopher://gopher.unisa.ac.za)

16. University of Venda
Telephone: +27 159 2-1071/2-1072; - Fax: +27 159 22045

17. Vista University
Address (Head Office): Private Bag X634, Pretoria, 0001
Telephone: +27 12 322-8967; - Fax: +27 12 320-0528
There are campuses at Bloemfontein, East Rand (Benoni), Mamelodi,
Port Elizabeth, Sebokeng, Soweto, and Welkom.

18. University of the Western Cape
Telephone: +27 21 959-2111

19. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Wits)
Address: Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050
Telephone: +27 11 716-1111; - Fax: +27 11 716-8030
Gopher site (can be found as: gopher://gopher.cs.wits.ac.za); WWW
site (can be found as: http://www.cs.wits.ac.za)

20. University of Zululand
Address: University of Zululand, Private Bag Z1001, KwaDlangezwa,
3886
Telephone: +27 351 9-3911; - Fax: +27 351 9-3753

10 CULTURE

10.1 Religion

10.1.1 RELIGIOUS ALLEGIANCES

Religion
* Catholics* 2,881,800 10%
* Total Christians 22,598,100 79%
* Muslims 362,000 1%
* Buddhists 2,700 0%
* Hindus 565,000 1%
* Other Faiths 4,580,600 16%
* No Religion 267,000 1%
* Christian Practice ('80). %of total pop.
* Practising 14,028,800 49%
* Non practising 3,290,700 12%
* Nominal 5,278,600 18%

10.2 Public Holidays

SAPA reported on 9 November 1994 that draft legislation was tabled in
Parliament proposing the following as public holidays:

New Year's Day (January 1)
Human Rights Day (March 21)
Good Friday
Family Day (the Monday following Easter)
Freedom Day (April 27)
Workers' Day (May 1)
Youth Day (June 16)
National Women's Day (August 9)
Heritage Day (September 24)
Day of Reconciliation (December 16)
Christmas Day (December 25)
Day of Goodwill (December 26).

PRETORIA Dec 7 Sapa

Twelve public holidays were on Wednesday announced with the
publication of the Public Holidays Act 1994 in the Government
Gazette, the Department of Home Affairs said in a statement.

It said the announcement would end confusion about the matter.

The holidays are:
- January 1, New Year's Day
- March 21, Human Rights Day
- April 14, Good Friday
- April 17, Family Day
- April 27, Freedom Day
- May 1, Workers' Day
- June 16, Youth Day
- August 9, National Women's Day
- September 24, Heritage Day
- December 16, Day of Reconciliation
- December 25, Christmas Day
- December 26, Day of Goodwill.

The deparment said the Act stipulated that if a holiday fell on a
Sunday the following Monday would be a public holiday. As a result
January 2 and September 25 next year would be public holidays.

10.2.1 AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES

10.3 Music

If you are interested on working on this section, please contact John
Baskind (jbas...@panix.com).

International Library of African Music (can be found as:
http://www.ru.ac.za/ilam.html)

Juluka/Savuka/Johnny Clegg

Lyrics for some of the albums are available from the following
sites.
* Work For All: ftp (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.uwp.edu/pub/music/lyrics/j/juluka/work.for.all), gopher
(can be found as:
gopher://ftp.sunet.se/1/pub/music/lyrics/j/juluka)

* Third World Child: ftp (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.uwp.edu/pub/music/lyrics/c/clegg.johnny/third.world.chil
d) and gopher (can be found as:
gopher://ftp.sunet.se/1/pub/music/lyrics/j/juluka)

* Heat, Dust &Dreams: ftp (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.uwp.edu/pub/music/lyrics/c/clegg.johnny/heat.dust.dreams
) and gopher (can be found as:
gopher://ftp.sunet.se/1/pub/music/lyrics/c/clegg.johnny)

FTP: From University of Wisconsin-Parkside. Gopher from ftp.sunet.se.
(Heavily loaded).

10.4 Sport

1. za.sport, sports groups

2. CricInfo gopher (can be found as:
gopher://cricinfo.cse.ogi.edu:7070)

3. Rhodes University's Rugby Information (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/1/Rugby Information)

4. Commonwealth Games (can be found as:
gopher://gopher.uvic.ca/11/Victoria-Commonwealth-Games)

10.5 Language

The South African constitution recognises the following as
official languages at the national level: Afrikaans, English,
isiNdebele, SeSotho sa Leboa, SeSotho, siSwati, Xitsonga, Setswana,
Tshivenda, isiXhosa and IsiZulu.

Provincial legislatures may declare one or more of these languages as
official provincial languages.

A Pan South African Language Board is constituted by the constitution
to make recommedations about language policy to promote these
languages. The language board is also responsible for promoting
"respect for, and the development of German, Greek, Gujerati, Hindi,
Portuguese, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu and other languages used by
communities in South Africa, as well as Arabic, Hebrew and Sanskrit
and other languages used for religious purposes."

The table below gives (in million and %) the number of people who
speak each language as their home language.

Million %
Zulu 8.54 21
Xhosa 6.89 17
Afrikaans 6.19 16
Tswana 3.6 9
North Sotho 3.44 9
English 3.42 9
South Sotho 2.652 7
Tsonga 1.35 3
Swazi .926 2
Ndebele .799
Venda .763
Other .942

(Source: South African Institute of Race Relations quoting HSRC
estimates for 1990).

From: daan.c...@eng.ox.ac.uk (Daan Claassen)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: SA Languages (again)
Date: 6 Nov 1994 12:24:58 -0600
Sender: nob...@cs.utexas.edu

Here are some statistics on languages in South Africa published by
the Central Statistical Service:

Home language (alphabetical order):
Afrikaans 15.1 %
English 9.1
Afr/Enf 0.2
isiNdebele 1.5
isiXhosa 17.5
isiZulu 22.4
Sepedi 9.8
Sesotho 6.9
Setswana 7.2
siSwati 2.6
Tsivenda 1.7
Xitsonga 4.2
Ander 1.8

Thus, if they put in a cut-off of 15% home-langauge speakers for the
official languages under the new constitution currently being written,
then the official languages would be isiZulu, isiXhosa and Afrikaans :)

Regards
Daan

10.6 Afrikaans Mailing List

For information on this service and how to use it, send the following
request in the body of a mail message to lists...@oliver.sun.ac.za:

HELP

All requests should be addressed to lists...@oliver.sun.ac.za.

To subscribe to the Afrikaans mailing list send a message to
lists...@oliver.sun.ac.za with the body of the message:

subscribe Afrikaans <your full name>

Die Afrikaanse poslys is 'n informele forum vir die bespreking in
Afrikaans van die taal, die kultuur, die geskiedenis en die toekoms
van Afrikaans. Besprekings is nie beperk tot Afrikaans of tot in
Afrikaans nie, maar daar moet tog gepoog word om nie te ver daarvan te
dwaal nie.

Die lys word ge-administrateur deur Johan Ferreira. Enige probleme of
vrae kan gestuur word aan fe...@beldin.sun.ac.za.

Sou 'n posstuk, wat die poslys aan jou pos, bons, sal jy van die lys
verwyder word. Geen vrae sal gevra word nie en geen waarskuwings word
gegee nie.

10.7 Food and Beverage

* How can I make biltong? (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/biltong) (Aris
Stathakis)

Newsgroups: za.misc
From: ar...@unisup1.mpd.co.za (Aris Stathakis)
Subject: Re: Help I want some Biltong !
Organization: Micro & Peripheral Distributors (Pty) Ltd.
Date: Sat, 04 Jun 1994 16:42:58 GMT
Keywords: Biltong Swop

How To Make Real South African Biltong
--------------------------------------
(C) Copyright 1994 Aris Stathakis (ar...@mpd.co.za)

Ingredients needed:

Beef (Preferably Silverside/London Broil)
Rock Salt
Coarse Ground Black Pepper
Coarse Ground Coriander
Vinegar (preferably Apple-Cider vinegar)

Get some half-inch thick strips of beef (silverside - called London
Broil in the US). Make sure it's cut _with_ the grain. The pieces
should be about 6 inches long. Liberally sprinkle rock-salt on each
side of the pieces of meat and let them stand for an hour. The longer
you let it stand the saltier it will become.

After the hour, scrape off all the excess salt with a knife (don't
soak it in water!). Then get some vinegar - preferably apple-cider
vinegar, but any vinegar will do. Put some vinegar in a bowl and dip
the strips of meat in the vinegar for a second or so - just so that
the meat is covered in the vinegar. Hold the biltong up so that the
excess vinegar drips off.

Then sprinkle ground pepper and ground coriander over the meat on all
sides.

Once you have done this, the meat is ready to dry. There are several
methods of drying. One is to hang it up on a line in a cool place and
have a fan blow on it. This method is a bit difficult because if the
air is humid the meat can spoil. The method I use is a home-made
'Biltong Box'. This is basically a sealed wooden box (you can use
cardboard if you like) with holes in it and a 60w lightbulb inside.
Just hang the meat at the top of the box, and leave the lightbulb on
at the bottom. The heat from the lightbulb helps dry the meat (even
in humid weather) in about 3-4 days. Remember, the box must be closed
on all 6 sides except for a few holes (as per the diagram below). The
whole theory behind this method is that hot dry air rises thus drying
the biltong. The holes are quite important as they promote good air
circulation in the box.

.4 metre across
_______________
FRONT VIEW | |
|x-----------x| | ||| | prevents blood from d
ropping on the
--------------- lightbulb. Make sure the wood has
a few holes in ot to let the hot air
rise.

.4 metre across
_______________
SIDE VIEW | |
| O O O |
| | | O O O |
---------------

You'll know when the biltong is ready when it is quite hard, but still
a bit moist inside. Of course, some people like it 'wet' and others
like it 'dry'. It's all a matter of taste. Most South Africans I know
like it in between - basically just a bit red inside. If it has gone green,
then the meat has spoiled (i.e. don't eat it).

Variations include the above recipe, but add flavours like Worcestershire
sauce, BBQ sauce, tabasco sauce, soy sauce, etc.. Just brush these sauces
on after applying the vinegar using a basting brush.

Have fun with this recipe, and please mail me any success stories.

--
Aris Stathakis Tel: +27 11 887 1040 Snail Mail:
SCO ACE / Novell CNE Fax: +27 11 887 5158 P.O. Box 781228
M&PD (Pty) Ltd. Fax: +27 11 887 5158 Sandton, 2146
E-Mail: ar...@mpd.co.za Cell:+27 83 601 0206 R.S.A.

* Tell me about South African wine.

Have a look at the South African wine FAQ (can be found as:
http://www.cs.wits.ac.za/faq/wine/WineFAQ.html).

Please contact Ian Sanders (i...@cs.wits.ac.za) if you are
interested in working on this section.

* What is Rooibos tea?

From: cc...@hippo.ru.ac.za (F. Jacot Guillarmod)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: rooibos tea
Date: 16 Aug 1994 10:28:53 +0200
Organization: Rhodes University Computing Services

[...]

"Rooibos", Combretum apiculatum, is a tree which occurs in the
Transvaal and has timber which is borer and termite proof, making it
useful for fenceposts.

"Rooibostee" is a decoction made from the dried twigs and leaves of
the shrub Aspalathus linearis, which is found on the Olifantsrivier
and Cedarberg mountains of the Western Cape (north of Cape Town).
It's on sale commercially in South Africa and you can find it in any
supermarket under such trade names as "Eleven o'clock - the original
rooibosch tea". It's caffeine free and has a low tannin content -
despite that, it's delicious. The packet in our kitchen cupboard has
the address: B. Ginsberg (Pty) Ltd, 47 Morningside, N'Dabeni, Cape
Town, on the side of the box.

The botanical information above is from "Common Names of South
African Plants", by C.A. Smith, Dept of Agricultural Technical
Services, Botanical Survey Memoir No 35, 1966. Its 642 taxpayer
subsidised pages are jampacked with fascinating details on the names
and uses of indigenous plants. Another useful supplementary book is
"Food from the Veld - Edible wild plants of southern Africa", by
F.W. Fox &M.E. Norwood Young, Delta Books, Johannesburg, 1982, ISBN
0 908387 20 2, 400 pages. The retail and subjective information is
from observation and personal experience.

10.8 Miscellaneous

What is the origin of the word ``toyi-toyi''?

Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
From: co...@aardvark.ru.ac.za (Colin Muller)
Subject: Re: Origin of Toyi Toyi
Message-ID: <colin.21....@aardvark.ru.ac.za>
Organization: Dictionary Unit, Rhodes University
References: <pwade.161...@nuustak.csir.co.za>
Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 14:33:12 GMT

In article <pwade.161...@nuustak.csir.co.za> pw...@nuustak.csir.co.za (Pe
ter Wade) writes:
>From: pw...@nuustak.csir.co.za (Peter Wade)
>Subject: Origin of Toyi Toyi
>Date: Tue, 7 Jun 1994 16:05:09 GMT
>Does anyone know what the origin and original meaning of Toyi-Toyi is ?
>

No. It was probably introduced into S. Afr. by ANC exiles
returning from military training in Zimbabwe or Eastern Europe.
The original source language is unknown, but the expression may
be in some way related to the following Shona ideophones: 'tori
tori', said of an insect's hopping and an exhausted person's
running; and 'to-oto to-oto', said of an exhausted person's
running. This is pure guesswork, however, and there are
other possibilities.

Here are some other possibilities (other people's guesses):

Ben Maclennan, _A Proper Degree of Terror_, 1986, p.193, writing
of the frontier war of 1818-19:
'They [_sc._ the Xhosa] advanced almost to the muzzles of the
British guns...Some of them, shouting "Tayi! Tayi!" as they ran -
the word they had been taught by Nxele to use as a charm against
all manner of evil - actually reached the cannon.'

1988 P. Baneshik in _Sunday Star_ 7 Aug.:
The words [toi-toi] were a simple verbalisation of the' sound
made by people of Eastern European cultures when spitting ('Ptui-
ptui!') to ward off the 'evil eye'. Since many ballet dancers and
ballet conventions stem from those climes, the expression became
common among dancers when wishing fellows good luck. (Similar to
the other theatrical 'good luck' wish: 'Break a leg!')...'Toyi
toyi' is the name of a form of black protest dance, in which
phalanxes of protesters chant while prancing forward and punching
the air with the right fist in rhythm with the chant.'

1990 _Sunday Times_ 18 Feb. p.21:
'My UDF source said: 'The toyi-toyi was introduced to
townships..by trained ANC infiltrators from up north. It simply
means toying - or practising - the military drill. In the
guerilla training camps it is performed with military precision
and discipline, but locally it has evolved as a dance aimed at
pepping up the mood of militant youths.''

1993 J. Maluleke in _Drum_ Aug. p.32:
'The toyi-toyi was first performed inside South Africa in a
rudimentary fashion in 1979 during the launch of Cosas. _Ibid._
33 The toyi-toyi has moved from its purpose as a physical
training exercise in the emaGojini [mountains] to the dynamic
freedom dance of the 90s...The toyi-toyi, according to [Mkhululi]
Dliwayo, means in Ndebele 'moving forward while remaining in one
place'.'

-Colin
Colin Muller (co...@aardvark.ru.ac.za) |\ - /|
Dictionary Unit for South African English, / \| |/ \
Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa | o o |
[But my views are mine, not my employers'.] | /| |\ |
Phone: 0461-318107 Fax: 0461-25642 |,,| `;' |,,|

What is the origin of the boot dance?

Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: South African Boot Dance (mine boot dance)
Date: 8 Dec 1994 12:52:59 GMT
References: <JC73eK...@delphi.com>

[stuff deleted]
> If you know anything about the history of the South African Boot dance
> please respond here or e-mail me.
>
> Asante Sana (thanks very much)
>
> Sizwe

Hi Sizwe,

I know of two theories, from info in our holdings at the
Dictionary Unit for SA English:

1. David Coplan, in his thesis on 'The Urbanization of the African
Performing Arts', states that it was an 'urban-influenced
rural' dance which was picked up on by students in Durban,
thence by dockworkers who added the boot-slapping and stomping
(boots would have been part of their standard work apparel),
and thereafter by mine-workers, who would also have worn gumboots
at work.

2. Others state simply that it began among Bhaca migrant
mine-workers. The Bhaca are a Xhosa-speaking people.

The earliest mention I've found of the dance is in Doke and
Vilakazi's Zulu-English Dictionary, where it's under the
entry -cathulo (i.e. 'isicathulo'), rather offensively
defined as: 'Kind of 'boot' dance indulged in by boys
since European contact.' There may be some influence
of the Bavarian Schuhplattler involved, but maybe that's
just Eurocentric thinking.

The dance is performed by groups - usually about half a dozen
to a dozen people, when I've watched, though sometimes more.
At its best, this type of dance is fairly stunning in its
co-ordinated rhythmic complexity, expressiveness, and
(sometimes) humour; but as with most art forms, you get
some pretty boring stuff as well.

-Colin

Colin Muller (co...@aardvark.ru.ac.za) |\ - /|
Dictionary Unit for South African English, / \| |/ \
Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa | o o |
[But my views are mine, not my employers'.] | /| |\ |
Phone: 0461-318107 Fax: 0461-25642 |,,| `;' |,,|

What is the origin of ``Azania''?

Colin Muller of the Rhodes University Dictionary Unit for SA
English responds:

It seems that 'Azania' was at first a Greek word, probably derived
from the Arabic Adzan (transliterated), a name for East Africa
(zan also appears as a prefix inZanzibar, and as an infix in
Tanzania); cf. Arabic Zanj a dark-skinned African.

Detailed description (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/azania)

11 THE MEDIA

11.1 Radio &Television</A>

South African Broadcasting Corporation (can be found as:
http://www.sabc.co.za)

11.2 Newspapers

1. Weekly Mail and Guardian

Address: PO Box 32362, Braamfontein, 2017 Johannesburg

Telephone and fax numbers

Johannesburg (27 11) 403-7111
Fax (editorial) (27 11) 403-1025
Adverting fax (27 11) 403-1030
Subscriptions enquiries: (27 11) 358-2075, 0-800-111661

E-mail address: wmail...@wmail.misanet.org. (For letters to the
editors put "Letters" in the subject field) Sample e-mail copy
(can be found as:
gopher://gopher.ru.ac.za/11/South%20African%20Politics/Bits%20and%
20Pieces/Weekly%20Mail)

E-mail subscription info (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/wminfo.txt)

Weekly Mail Home Page (can be found as:
http://www.is.co.za/services/wmail/)

Weekly Mail FTP site (can be found as:
ftp://wmail.misanet.org/pub/wmail)

Free Press (can be found as:
ftp://wmail.misanet.org/pub/FreePress)

2. The Star Address: PO Box 1006, Johannesburg, 2000

3. Times Media Limited (Publisher of Sunday Times, Financial Mail...)

Contact: ro...@tml.co.za(Stanley Freiman)

4. Southern African Review of Books

Date: Thu, 8 Dec 94 19:54:23 +0100
Posted: Thu, 08 Dec 94 18:54:23 -0100
Sender: robert....@humboldt.uni-ulm.de
From: "TURRELL" <robert....@humboldt.uni-ulm.de>
App-Message-Id: <5323541908121994/A46094/MAIN01/118C44F61600>
To: sh...@cs.ubc.ca
Subject: Info about SA Review of Books
Sensitivity: Company-Confidential

The tabloid Southern African Review of Books,
is now available on e-mail.

Here is a sample of what was published in recent issues:

HISTORY Norman Etherington on gold, Edward Alpers on the
History Workshop in Johannesburg, Tim Keegan on Zulu
nationalism, Charles van Onselen on a mining childhood,
Terence Ranger on women and the land in colonial Rhodesia,
Msokoli Qotole on mine hostels

POLITICS David Everatt on death squads, Hilda Bernstein on
exiles, Kader Asmal on the constitution, Mzwanele Mayekiso
on the townships, Keorapetse Kgositsile and Wally Mongane
Serote on language, Mamphela Ramphele on 'affirmative
action', Tom Lodge on the South African election, Mucha
Musemwa on negotiations, Tim Holmes on the new Zambia,
Patrick Bond on the RDP

LITERATURE Elleke Boehmer on Christopher Hope and
Damon Galgut, Ampie Coetzee on Andr? Brink, Donald
Fanger on J.M. Coetzee, Dorothy Driver on Bessie Head
and Nadine Gordimer, Peter Horn on Ivan Vladislavic,
Leloba Molema on inventing tradition, J.M Coetzee
on Breyten Breytenbach

POETRY Stanley Nyamfukudza on Stephen Gray and Mzi
Mahola, Geoffrey Haresnape on Wendy Woodward and Cherry
Clayton

POEMS by Ingrid de Kok, Mongane Wally Serote,
C.J. Driver, Rustum Kozain

FICTION Sarah Nuttall on seduction, Dick Peck on the crime
novels of James McClure, Tim Couzens on Namaqualand
novels and Rider Haggard

BIOGRAPHY Tim Holmes on Tiny Rowland, Tom Lodge on
Oliver Tambo, Bill Hoffenberg on Alan Paton, David
Killingray on Trader Horn, Colin Bundy on S.P. Bunting
and H.M. Basner

PSYCHOLOGY Graham Hayes on violence, Njabulo Ndebele
on children

SPORT Vivian Bickford-Smith on cricket,
Chenjerai Hove on drinking beer

ARTS Tony Morphert on Malcolm Payne, Ingrid de Kok on
culture

LAW Don Pinnock on juvenile crime, Nicholas Haysom on
vigilantes

In addition there are regular columns and diaries:

"A Book That Changed Me": Albie Sachs, Karel Schoeman,
Denis Hirson, Elleke Boehmer, Peter Wilhelm
"Writers at Work": Shimmer Chinodya, Mazisi Kunene,
Nadine Gordimer, Doris Lessing, Tsitsi Dangaremba
"The Art of Writing History": Colin Bundy, Arnold Temu,
Jeff Peires, Bill Freund
"Economics Diary": Patrick Bond
"US Diary": Lewis Nkosi
"Past Personal": Randolph Vigne

This is what some readers have to say:

"Simply the best journal published in South Africa."
PROFESSOR KADER ASMAL, MINISTER OF
FORESTRY AND WATER AFFAIRS, SOUTH AFRICAN
GOVERNMENT

"Those who write for the Southern African Review of Books
represent an immensely wide spread of authors drawn from
Southern Africa, and their reviews are of the greatest value to
those of us who have to keep in touch with the cultural as well
as the political situation."
TREVOR HUDDLESTON CR

"We need to develop a culture of tolerance in this community
to prepare for a democratic dispensation. I believe that the
Southern African Review of Books has already performed a
sterling job in not plugging a particular line but allowing for
vigorous debate and discussion of a plethora of points of view.
It is stimulating and refreshing after the claustrophobia of
recent years suffered under the censorship and Mother
Grundyism of apartheid."
DESMOND TUTU, ARCHBISHOP OF CAPE TOWN

"What is particularly impressive about the Southern African
Review of Books is the care with which the reviewers are
chosen; there is no attempt to promote 'a line' on Southern
African affairs and a vigorous correspondence between reviewer
and outraged author is encouraged. In effect, the reader is offered
a series of review articles, and the resemblance to the New
York Review of Books is obvious with respect to both format
and structure."
JACK SPENCE, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AT
CHATHAM HOUSE, LONDON

ADDRESS

SOUTHERN AFRICAN
REVIEW OF BOOKS
Room 231, Beattie Building
University of Cape Town
Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700
Cape Town, South Africa
Tel: (+27 21) 650 2965
Fax: (+27 21) 650 4038

MANAGING EDITOR
Rob Turrell
[robert....@humboldt.uni-ulm.de]

EDITORS:
Ampie Coetzee
Dorothy Driver [dri...@beattie.uct.ac.za]
Robin Hallett
Hugh Lewin
Ian Phimister [I...@beattie.uct.ac.za]
Irene Staunton
Randolph Vigne
Zoe Wicomb

PRODUCTION: Nic Dawes
[da...@beattie.uct.ac.za]
DISTRIBUTION: Loes Nas
[loe...@beattie.uct.ac.za]
DESIGNED BY: Rob Turrell
PUBLISHED BY: SARoB
Southern African Review of Books
(ISSN 0952-8040)
Appears bi-monthly.

For further information contact ROBERT....@HUMBOLDT.UNI-ULM.DE

11.3 Other

Daily news briefings are available from the ANC gopher site (can be
found as: gopher://wn.apc.org/1/anc/news)

Peter Wade's Intermittent Newsletter (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cs.ubc.ca/pub/local/FAQ/african/sa/wade)

12 DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION

S.A. Embassy Annex, 3201 New Mexico Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016,
U.S.A. Tel: (202) 966-1650 Ambassador Harry SCHWARZ (??)

S.A. Consulate-General, 333 East 38th St, 9th Fl, New York, NY 10016,
U.S.A. Tel: (212) 213-4880

S.A. Consulate-General, 50 North La Cienega Blvd \#300, Beverly Hills,
CA 90211, U.S.A. Tel: (310) 657-9200

S.A. Consulate-General, 200 South Michigan Ave \#600, Chicago, IL 60604,
U.S.A. Tel: (312) 939-7929

South African High Commission, 15 Sussex Dr, Ottawa ON, K1M 1M8, Canada
Tel: (613) 744-0330 Fax 613-744-0086
Consulates-General Toronto 416-364-0314 fax 416-364-1737
Montreal 514-878-9231 fax 514-878-4751

South African High Commission, State Circle, Yarralumla, ACT, 2600,
Australia. Tel: 61 6 273 2424; Fax: 61 6 273 4994

13 TOURISM &TRAVEL</A>

* Visa requirements
* Getting to and from South Africa?
* Where to go? rec.travel archive (can be found as:
ftp://ftp.cc.umanitoba.ca/rec-travel/africa/README.html)

Photos and brief history of cities (can be found as:
http://osprey.unisa.ac.za/0/docs/sa/resource-list.html) (Can be a
slow link)

* Tourism Bureaux

Path: cs.ubc.ca!nntp.cs.ubc.ca!scipio.cyberstore.ca!math.ohio-state.edu!howland
.reston.ans.net!pipex!lyra.csx.cam.ac.uk!sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk!warwick!bham!not-
for-mail
From: igt...@soton.ac.UK (I.G.Thomson)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Here is CAPTOUR's email address
Date: 31 Oct 1994 17:35:09 -0000
Organization: The University of Birmingham, UK.
Lines: 20
Sender: mail...@sun4.bham.ac.uk
Message-ID: <1994103117...@willow.soton.ac.uk>
NNTP-Posting-Host: sun4.bham.ac.uk

Greetings,

To those of you who would like information about tourist attractions and
destinations in the Cape Town area, CAPTOUR an tourist information organisation
is contactable on the internet. They can supply many brochures on the area and
can recommend hotels, B&B's, holiday apartments etc and all the information
you require if you are planning a trip to Cape Town.

I am not too sure how responsive the email number is as I have not tried it
but I thought there would be some of you that might find it useful.

CAPTOUR: cap...@africa.com

Regards,
Ian

* Travel in South Africa (car rental etc. etc.)

14 CONTACT

The African National Congress: Department of Information and
Publicity, The African National Congress, P.O. Box 61884,
Marshalltown, 2107 Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

The ANC's e-mail address is postm...@anc.org.za

ANC gopher (can be found as: gopher://wn.apc.org/1/anc)

Other contact addresses welcome.

Index

ANC 14 Contact
ANC policies
8.1 General - economy
Azania - origin
What is the
Clegg, Johnny
Juluka/Savuka/Johnny Clegg
FAQ 1.2 How to get
Freedom Charter
2.4 Special Topics
Johannesburg Stock Exchange
8.1 General - economy
Juluka
Juluka/Savuka/Johnny Clegg
Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika
5.4.1 National anthems
RDP 8.1 General - economy
Roman law
6.2 Other stuff
The Star
11.2 Newspapers
Wade, Peter
11.3 Other
Weekly Mail and Guardian
11.2 Newspapers
biltong
10.7 Food and Beverage
boot dance
What is the
cabinet
5.2.3 The Cabinet
constitution
5.1 National Constitutional Structure
courts - judges
5.2.2 The Courts
deputy presidents
5.2.1 President's office
diplomatic representation
12 Diplomatic Representation
e-mail
1.5 Networkingcomputing and
education - standard
9.1.1 Standard
election results - 1994
5.2 Reference information
flags
5.4.2 Flags
food 10.7 Food and Beverage
foreign exchange
8.3 Foreign Exchange
history
2 History
independence
2.2.1 SA Constitutional History:
internet resources
1.5.2 Resources
language
10.5 Language
maintainer
1.1 About this FAQ
music
10.3 Music
national anthems
5.4.1 National anthems
networking
1.5 Networkingcomputing and
newsgroups
South African Newsgroups
newspapers
11.2 Newspapers
office-bearers
5.2 Reference information
president
5.2.1 President's office
provinces - economy
8.1 General - economy
provinces - office-bearers
5.2.5 Provincial Governments
public holidays
10.2 Public Holidays
religion
10.1 Religion
sport
10.4 Sport
tourism
13 Tourism &Travel</A>
toyi-toyi
What is the origin
universities
9.2 Universities
weather
3 Geography and the
wine 10.7 Food and Beverage

sh...@cs.ubc.ca
Tue Apr 11 11:05:01 PDT 1995
--
---s...@cs.ubc.ca----------------------------------------------------------
Scott Hazelhurst