Black inventors
sawa
of novelty"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention
Novelty is the quality of being new. Although it may be said to have an
objective dimension (e.g. a new style of art coming into being, such as
abstract art or impressionism) it essentially exists in the subjective
perceptions of individuals. It also refers to something novel; that which is
striking, original or unusual.
Since it exists in the 'subjective perception of individuals' therefore
invention
can apply to the arts as well as science and technology.
A new kind of music or musical instrument or way of playing the instrument,
a new kind of drawing, furniture or sculpture etc etc.
When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of Black
inventors....infact they are countless.
--
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com
Jude +-+ Alexander
"sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
news:45c34923$0$16266$8826...@free.teranews.com...
There is ABSOLUTELY NO SUPPORT that black people are less than white people
or brown people or yellow people in intelligence or any other positive human
aspect. Nor are they less inclinced to do right or wrong actions given ALL
the same opportunties, advantages and NO STIGMA!
What is ALWAYS true about white and black people in America is that ALL is
relative to one's reality and it is difficult for a person of one reality to
understand a person who lives with another reality, thus much
misunderstanding between some American blacks and whites. That has changed
but we'll always find those numbbrain few who will continue to mouth off old
stereotypes because it bolsters their OWN flagging self esteem.
The fact that there is more certain negative actions within the overall
"black community" in America can EASILY be seen in light of the SAME reality
of the Irish in the turn of the century. The same things that are leveled
at the poorest and disadvantaged black people in America was said abut the
poor and disadvantaged Irish people and IRISH ARE WHITE PEOPLE! lol
Another fact remains. Yes, black are still a LITTLE behind whites in
intelligence studies BUT that can EASILY be seen in the light of TRUE and
HONEST comparison. In the not so far past, Blacks started behind whites (as
they were held back PURPOSEFULLY by the majority of our white-based power)
and with many handicaps that white bigots CONTINUE to deny exist(ed) (i.e.
not only less education but less quality education, living in poverty, less
well fed/nurtured, fighting off stigmas, etc. ) BUT blacks are STILL
elevating themselves AT THE SAME RATE as white people are. ALL government
studies that have been done OVER A PERIOD OF TIME show that black people are
continuing to show better results on IQ tests AND at the same rate that
whites have shown over the same period of time. Given enough time, they
WILL catch up.
Lastly, it has been discovered that it is US white people that are the
genetic "mutants" NOT black people. The whiteness of our skin is a
mutation. Now, can YOU imagine if science has discovered the opposite?
We'd NEVER stop hearing the clap trap from bigot, now would we? They'd be
on that mutated gene for-freaking-ever.... :)
Way Back Jack
<Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote:
>There is ABSOLUTELY NO SUPPORT that black people are less than white people
>or brown people or yellow people in intelligence or any other positive human
>aspect. Nor are they less inclinced to do right or wrong actions given ALL
>the same opportunties, advantages and NO STIGMA!
http://www.eastbayexpress.com/issues/2003-05-21/feature.html
Rich, Black, Flunking
Cal Professor John Ogbu thinks he knows why rich black kids are
failing in school. Nobody wants to hear it.
BY SUSAN GOLDSMITH
susan.g...@eastbayexpress.com
Chris Duffey
John Ogbu has been compared to Clarence Thomas, denounced by the Urban
League, and criticized in The New York Times.
News Category: Education
From the Week of Wednesday, May 21, 2003
The black parents wanted an explanation. Doctors, lawyers, judges, and
insurance brokers, many had come to the upscale Cleveland suburb of
Shaker Heights specifically because of its stellar school district.
They expected their children to succeed academically, but most were
performing poorly. African-American students were lagging far behind
their white classmates in every measure of academic success:
grade-point average, standardized test scores, and enrollment in
advanced-placement courses. On average, black students earned a 1.9
GPA while their white counterparts held down an average of 3.45. Other
indicators were equally dismal. It made no sense.
When these depressing statistics were published in a high school
newspaper in mid-1997, black parents were troubled by the news and
upset that the newspaper had exposed the problem in such a public way.
Seeking guidance, one parent called a prominent authority on minority
academic achievement.
UC Berkeley Anthropology Professor John Ogbu had spent decades
studying how the members of different ethnic groups perform
academically. He'd studied student coping strategies at inner-city
schools in Washington, DC. He'd looked at African Americans and
Latinos in Oakland and Stockton and examined how they compare to
racial and ethnic minorities in India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, and
Britain. His research often focused on why some groups are more
successful than others.
But Ogbu couldn't help his caller. He explained that he was a
researcher -- not an educator -- and that he had no ideas about how to
increase the academic performance of students in a district he hadn't
yet studied. A few weeks later, he got his chance. A group of parents
hungry for solutions convinced the school district to join with them
and formally invite the black anthropologist to visit Shaker Heights.
Their discussions prompted Ogbu to propose a research project to
figure out just what was happening. The district agreed to finance the
study, and parents offered him unlimited access to their children and
their homes.
The professor and his research assistant moved to Shaker Heights for
nine months in mid-1997. They reviewed data and test scores. The team
observed 110 different classes, from kindergarten all the way through
high school. They conducted exhaustive interviews with school
personnel, black parents, and students. Their project yielded an
unexpected conclusion: It wasn't socioeconomics, school funding, or
racism, that accounted for the students' poor academic performance; it
was their own attitudes, and those of their parents.
Jude +-+ Alexander
Like I said in my post, ALL discrepancies between black and white AMERICANS
(remember that, AMERICANS -- with it's specific history -- educated blacks
in other parts of the world show NO difference in IQ.) can be EASILY
understood AND is, in fact, understood by the greater number of
professionals.
Blacks are scoring higher and higher on IQ tests AT THE SAME RATE of
improvement as whites and AT THE SAME RATE as poor underprivileded whites
have shown over the SAME period of time as life conditions better.
I've go not real time for you, the "intelligent" bigot as compared to the
raving lunatic bigot. I gave your kind of bigot all the time I'm going to.
No matter what is explained to you YOU WANT to believe the worst and
therefore will continue to do so NO MATTER WHAT is shown to you.
YOU are just like the religious bigot who believes in the inerrancy of the
bible, that it contains no errors. Shown an error, they CONTINUE to believe
and that somehow it's just a matter of waiting and an explanation will make
itself known. They do some kind of tapdancing in their sad minds to
continue in the path they want to go.
Way Back Jack
The relationship of the g factor to a number of biological variables
and its relationship to the size of the white-black differences on
various cognitive tests (i.e., Spearman’s hypothesis) suggests that
the average white-black difference in g has a biological component.
Human races are viewed not as discrete, or Platonic, categories, but
rather as breeding populations that, as a result of natural selection,
have come to differ statistically in the relative frequencies of many
polymorphic genes. The “genetic distances” between various populations
form a continuous variable that can be measured in terms of
differences in gene frequencies. Racial populations differ in many
genetic characteristics, some of which, such as brain size, have
behavioral and psychometric correlates, particularly g. What I term
the default hypothesis states that the causes of the phenotypic
differences between contemporary populations of recent African and
European descent arise from the same genetic and environmental
factors, and in approximately the same magnitudes, that account for
individual differences within each population. Thus genetic and
environmental variances between groups and within groups are viewed as
essentially the same for both populations. The default hypothesis is
able to account for the present evidence On the mean white-black
difference in g. There is no need to invoke any ad hoc hypothesis, or
a Factor X, that is unique to either the black or the white
population. The environmental component of the average g difference
between groups is primarily attributable to a host of
microenvironmental factors that have biological effects. They result
from non-genetic variation in prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal
conditions and specific nutritional factors. (Snip for brevity; to be
continued, next post)
Jude +-+ Alexander
"Way Back Jack" <Windswept@home> wrote in message
news:45c36cdf...@news-60.giganews.com...
Look, one can find (and I'm not making this up) people who STILL claim that
the world is flat and other who claim that the world is only 10,000 years
old at the most. Show them SCIENCE and they scoff!
There are professionals TODAY that claim that homosexuality is a disorder,
some a mental disorder, some a religious disorder born from PAGANISM, of all
things! lol (these bozos combine their religious beliefs in their
professional careers and line up with any and all "studies" that support
their claims). There are a few studies out there that claim that sexuality
is changeable and they have their "studies" to prove it. Now, I want you to
change ONE small thing about your sexuality, i.e. that one have no sexual
response to red haired women and then change that to a true sexual response
to red haired women. Do it. You'll make history.
There are professionals TODAY that claim that men are smarter than women and
that women will never catch up. What they FAIL to include is that women
have already proven them wrong. However, the number of women that pursue
the "higher" disciplines is smaller than men, in part due to the fact that
women don't want to be seen as masculine OR they buy into the notion that
they can't do it therefore they don't pursuit it, not to mention the FACT
that women have ONLY been pursuing competitive challenges for less than 80
years in any significant number at all! lol But a bigot is a bigot is a
bigot. You can't change the true bigot no matter what is true.
There are studies that contradict other studies on the same subject.
However, what you post IS the minority. THE VAST MAJORITY of large
sociological studies disprove what you have to say. There are professionals
WHO HAVE BIASES and who will fit their biases into their studies. The are
"professional" studies (done by men and women with degrees in that field)
that are anything BUT professional.
LIKE I SAID BEFORE, ALL discrepancies between black and white today is
EASILY accounted for. BUT, you'll ignore those studies as having any
legitimacy and stick to "your" study you've come across that tell you that
they MAY be a genetic defined differences between the races relative to IQ.
Way Back Jack
<Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote:
The many studies of Spearman’s hypothesis using the method of
correlated vectors show a strong relationship between the g loadings
of a great variety of cognitive tests and the mean black-white
differences on those tests. The fact that the same g vectors that are
correlated with W-B differences are also correlated (and to about the
same degree) with vectors composed of various cognitive tests’
correlations with a number of genetic, anatomical, and physiological
variables suggests that certain biological factors may be related to
the average black-white population difference in the level of g.
The degree to which of each of many different psychometric tests is
correlated with all of the other tests is directly related to the
magnitude of the test’s g loading. What may seem surprising, however,
is the fact that the degree to which a given test is correlated with
any one of the following variables is a positive function of that
test’s g loading: (to be continued)
______
Jude +-+ Alexander
"Way Back Jack" <KissMy@ss> wrote in message
news:45c38281...@news.newsguy.com...
Oh, but, alas you forgot to mention the H-Z anomoly of the various b
uplifted factor of the negative function of the tangent degree of
non-vectored pairing of Hezbollah traits...
> ______
>
Way Back Jack
<Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote:
Genetic Drift. In addition to mutation, natural selection, and
migration, another means by which breeding population may differ in
allele frequencies is through a purely stochastic (that is, random)
process termed genetic drift. Drift is most consequential during the
formation of new populations when their numbers are still quite small.
Although drift occurs for all gene loci, Mendelian characters (i.e.,
phenotypic traits), which are controlled by a single gene locus, are
more noticeably affected by drift than are polygenic traits (i.e.,
those caused by many genes). The reason is purely statistical.
Changes in a population’s allele frequencies attributable to genetic
drift can be distinguished from changes due to natural selection for
two reasons: (1) Many genes are neutral in the sense that their allele
frequencies have remained unaffected by natural selection, because
they neither increase nor decrease fitness; over time they move across
the permeable boundaries of different breeding populations. (2) When a
small band of individuals emigrates from the breeding population of
origin to found a new breeding population, it carries with it only a
random sample of all of the alleles, including neutral alleles, that
existed in the entire original population. That is, the allele
frequencies at all gene loci in the migrating band will not exactly
match the allele frequencies in the original population. The band of
emigrants, and of course all its descendants (who may eventually form
a large and stable breeding population), therefore differs genetically
from its parent population as the result of a purely random process.
This random process is called founder effect. It applies to all gene
loci. All during the time that genetic drift was occurring, gene
mutations steadily continued, and natural selection continued to
produce changes in allele frequencies at many loci. Thus the combined
effects of genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection ensure that
a good many alleles are maintained at different frequencies in various
relatively isolated breeding populations. This process did not happen
all at once and then cease. It is still going on, but it takes place
too slowly to be perceived in the short time span of a few
generations.
It should be noted that the phenotypic differences between populations
that were due to genetic drift are considerably smaller than the
differences in those phenotypic characteristics that were strongly
subject to natural selection, especially those traits that reflect
adaptations to markedly different climatic conditions, such as darker
skin color (thought to have evolved as protection from the tropical
sun’s rays that can cause skin cancer and to protect against folate
decomposition by sunlight), light skin color (to admit more of the
ultraviolet rays needed for the skin’s formation of vitamin D in
northern regions; also because clothing in northern latitudes made
dark skin irrelevant selectively and it was lost through random
mutation and drift), and globular versus elongated body shape and head
shape (better to conserve or dissipate body heat in cold or hot
climates, respectively). (to be continued)
death to f'loons
>
> When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of Black
> inventors....infact they are countless.
>
stick doe not make you an inventor.
Topaz
Perhaps you've heard the claims: Were it not for the genius and energy
of African-American inventors, we might find ourselves in a world
without traffic lights, peanut butter, blood banks, light bulb
filaments, and a vast number of other things we now take for granted
but could hardly imagine life without.
Such beliefs usually originate in books or articles about black
history. Since many of the authors have little interest in the
history of technology outside of advertising black contributions to
it, their stories tend to be fraught with misunderstandings, wishful
thinking, or fanciful embellishments with no historical basis. The
lack of historical perspective leads to extravagant overestimations of
originality and importance: sometimes a slightly modified version of a
pre-existing piece of technology is mistaken for the first invention
of its type; sometimes a patent or innovation with little or no
lasting value is portrayed as a major advance, even if there's no real
evidence it was ever used.
Unfortunately, some of the errors and exaggerations have acquired an
illusion of credibility by repetition in mainstream outlets,
especially during Black History Month (see examples for the traffic
light and ironing board). When myths go unchallenged for too long,
they begin to eclipse the truth. Thus I decided to put some records
straight. Although this page does not cover every dubious invention
claim floating around out there, it should at least serve as a warning
never to take any such claim for granted. Each item below is listed
with its supposed black originator beneath it along with the year it
was supposedly invented, followed by something about the real origin
of the invention or at least an earlier instance of it.
Traffic Signal
Invented by Garrett A. Morgan in 1923? No!
The first known traffic signal appeared in London in 1868 near the
Houses of Parliament. Designed by JP Knight, it featured two semaphore
arms and two gas lamps. The earliest electric traffic lights include
Lester Wire's two-color version set up in Salt Lake City circa 1912,
James Hoge's system (US patent #1,251,666) installed in Cleveland by
the American Traffic Signal Company in 1914, and William Potts' 4-way
red-yellow-green lights introduced in Detroit beginning in 1920. New
York City traffic towers began flashing three-color signals also in
1920.
Garrett Morgan's cross-shaped, crank-operated semaphore was not among
the first half-hundred patented traffic signals, nor was it
"automatic" as is sometimes claimed, nor did it play any part in the
evolution of the modern traffic light. For details see Inventing
History: Garrett Morgan and the Traffic Signal.
Gas Mask
Garrett Morgan in 1914? No!
The invention of the gas mask predates Morgan's breathing device by
several decades. Early versions were constructed by the Scottish
chemist John Stenhouse in 1854 and the physicist John Tyndall in the
1870s, among many other inventors prior to World War I. See The
Invention of the Gas Mask.
Peanut Butter
George Washington Carver (who began his peanut research in 1903)? No!
Peanuts, which are native to the New World tropics, were mashed into
paste by Aztecs hundreds of years ago. Evidence of modern peanut
butter comes from US patent #306727 issued to Marcellus Gilmore Edson
of Montreal, Quebec in 1884, for a process of milling roasted peanuts
between heated surfaces until the peanuts reached "a fluid or
semi-fluid state." As the product cooled, it set into what Edson
described as "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment."
In 1890, George A. Bayle Jr., owner of a food business in St. Louis,
manufactured peanut butter and sold it out of barrels. J.H. Kellogg,
of cereal fame, secured US patent #580787 in 1897 for his "Process of
Preparing Nutmeal," which produced a "pasty adhesive substance" that
Kellogg called "nut-butter."
George Washington Carver
"Discovered" hundreds of new and important uses for the peanut?
Fathered the peanut industry? Revolutionized southern US agriculture?
No!
Research by Barry Mackintosh, who served as bureau historian for the
National Park Service (which manages the G.W. Carver National
Monument), demonstrated the following:
a.. Most of Carver's peanut and sweet potato creations were either
unoriginal, impractical, or of uncertain effectiveness. No product
born in his laboratory was widely adopted.
b.. The boom years for Southern peanut production came prior to, and
not as a result of, Carver's promotion of the crop.
c.. Carver's work to improve regional farming practices was not of
pioneering scientific importance and had little demonstrable impact.
To see how Carver gained "a popular reputation far transcending the
significance of his accomplishments," read Mackintosh's excellent
article George Washington Carver: The Making of a Myth.
Automatic Lubricator, "Real McCoy"
Elijah McCoy revolutionized industry in 1872 by inventing the first
device to automatically oil machinery? No! The phrase "Real McCoy"
arose to distinguish Elijah's inventions from cheap imitations? No!
The oil cup, which automatically delivers a steady trickle of
lubricant to machine parts while the machine is running, predates
McCoy's career; a description of one appears in the May 6, 1848 issue
of Scientific American. The automatic "displacement lubricator" for
steam engines was developed in 1860 by John Ramsbottom of England, and
notably improved in 1862 by James Roscoe of the same country. The
"hydrostatic" lubricator originated no later than 1871.
Variants of the phrase Real McCoy appear in Scottish literature dating
back to at least 1856 - well before Elijah McCoy could have been
involved.
Detailed evidence: The not-so-real McCoy
Also see The Fake McCoy and Did Somebody Say McTrash?
Blood Bank
Dr. Charles Drew in 1940? No!
During World War I, Dr. Oswald H. Robertson of the US army preserved
blood in a citrate-glucose solution and stored it in cooled containers
for later transfusion. This was the first use of "banked" blood. By
the mid-1930s the Russians had set up a national network of facilities
for the collection, typing, and storage of blood. Bernard Fantus,
influenced by the Russian program, established the first hospital
blood bank in the United States at Chicago's Cook County Hospital in
1937. It was Fantus who coined the term "blood bank." See highlights
of transfusion history from the American Association of Blood Banks.
Blood Plasma
Did Charles Drew "discover" (in about 1940) that plasma could be
separated and stored apart from the rest of the blood, thereby
revolutionizing transfusion medicine? No!
The possibility of using blood plasma for transfusion purposes was
known at least since 1918, when English physician Gordon R. Ward
suggested it in a medical journal. In the mid-1930s, John Elliott
advanced the idea, emphasizing plasma's advantages in shelf life and
donor-recipient compatibility, and in 1939 he and two colleagues
reported having used stored plasma in 191 transfusions. (See
historical notes on plasma use.) Charles Drew was not responsible for
any breakthrough scientific or medical discovery; his main career
achievement lay in supervising or co-supervising major programs for
the collection and shipment of blood and plasma.
More: Charles Drew Mythology
Washington DC city plan
Benjamin Banneker? No!
Pierre-Charles L'Enfant created the layout of Washington DC. Banneker
assisted Andrew Ellicott in the survey of the federal territory, but
played no direct role in the actual planning of the city. The story of
Banneker reconstructing the city design from memory after L'Enfant ran
away with the plans (with the implication that the project would have
failed if not for Banneker) has been debunked by historians.
Filament for Light Bulb
Lewis Latimer invented the carbon filament in 1881 or 1882? No!
English chemist/physicist Joseph Swan experimented with a
carbon-filament incandescent light all the way back in 1860, and by
1878 had developed a better design which he patented in Britain. On
the other side of the Atlantic, Thomas Edison developed a successful
carbon-filament bulb, receiving a patent for it (#223898) in January
1880, before Lewis Latimer did any work in electric lighting. From
1880 onward, countless patents were issued for innovations in filament
design and manufacture (Edison had over 50 of them). Neither of
Latimer's two filament-related patents in 1881 and 1882 were among the
most important innovations, nor did they make the light bulb last
longer, nor is there reason to believe they were adopted outside Hiram
Maxim's company where Latimer worked at the time. (He was not hired by
Edison's company until 1884, primarily as a draftsman and an expert
witness in patent litigations).
Latimer also did not come up with the first screw socket for the light
bulb or the first book on electric lighting.
Heart Surgery (first successful)
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams in 1893? No!
Dr. Williams repaired a wound not in the heart muscle itself, but in
the sac surrounding it, the pericardium. This operation was not the
first of its type: Henry Dalton of St. Louis performed a nearly
identical operation two years earlier, with the patient fully
recovering. Decades before that, the Spaniard Francisco Romero carried
out the first successful pericardial surgery of any type, incising the
pericardium to drain fluid compressing the heart.
Surgery on the actual human heart muscle, and not just the
pericardium, was first successfully accomplished by Ludwig Rehn of
Germany when he repaired a wounded right ventricle in 1896. More than
50 years later came surgery on the open heart, pioneered by John
Lewis, C. Walton Lillehei (often called the "father of open heart
surgery") and John Gibbon (who invented the heart-lung machine).
What medical historians say...
"Third Rail"
Granville Woods in 1901? No!
Werner von Siemens pioneered the use of an electrified third rail as a
means for powering railway vehicles when he demonstrated an
experimental electric train at the 1879 Berlin Industrial Exhibition.
In the US, English-born Leo Daft used a third-rail system to electrify
the Baltimore & Hampden lines in 1885. The first electrically powered
subway trains, which debuted in London in the autumn of 1890, likewise
drew power from a third rail. Details...
Railway Telegraph
Granville Woods prevented railway accidents and saved countless lives
by inventing the train telegraph (patented in 1887), which allowed
communication to and from moving trains? No!
The earliest patents for train telegraphs go back to at least 1873.
Lucius
Phelps was the first inventor in the field to attract widespread
notice, and
the telegrams he exchanged on the New York, New Haven & Hartford
railroad in
January 1885 were hailed in the Feb. 21, 1885 issue of Scientific
American
as "perhaps the first ever sent to and from a moving train." Phelps
remained
at the forefront in developing the technology and by the end of 1887
already
held 14 US patents on his system. He joined a team led by Thomas
Edison, who
had been working on his "grasshopper telegraph" for trains, and
together
they constructed on the Lehigh Valley Railroad one of the only
induction
telegraph systems ever put to commercial use. Although this telegraph
was a
technical success, it fulfilled no public need, and the market for
on-board
train telegraphy never took off. There is no evidence that any
commercial
railway telegraph based on Granville Woods's patents was ever built.
About
the patent interference case
Refrigerated Truck
Frederick Jones (with Joseph Numero) in 1938? No! Did Jones change
America's eating habits by making possible the long-distance shipment
of perishable foods? No!
Refrigerated ships and railcars had been moving perishables across
oceans and continents even before Jones was born (see refrigerated
transport timeline). Trucks with mechanically refrigerated cargo
spaces appeared on the roads at least as early as the late 1920s (see
the proof). Further development of truck refrigeration was more a
process of gradual evolution than radical change.
Air Brake / Automatic Air Brake
Granville Woods in 1904? No!
In 1869, a 22-year-old George Westinghouse received US patent #88929
for a brake device operated by compressed air, and in the same year
organized the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. Many of the 361 patents
he accumulated during his career were for air brake variations and
improvements, including his first "automatic" version in 1872 (US
#124404).
Air Conditioner
Frederick Jones in 1949? No!
Dr. Willis Carrier built the first machine to control both the
temperature and humidity of indoor air. He received the first of many
patents in 1906 (US patent #808897, for the "Apparatus for Treating
Air"). In 1911 he published the formulae that became the scientific
basis for air conditioning design, and four years later formed the
Carrier Engineering Corporation to develop and manufacture AC systems.
Airship
J.F. Pickering in 1900? No!
French engineer Henri Giffard successfully flew a powered navigable
airship in 1852. The La France airship built by Charles Renard and
Arthur Krebs in 1884 featured an electric motor and improved steering
capabilities. In 1900 Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin's first
rigid-framed dirigible took to the air. Of the hundreds of inventors
granted patents for early airship designs and modifications, few
succeeded in building or flying their craft. There doesn't appear to
be any record of a "Pickering Airship" ever getting off the ground.
US Aviation Patent Database, 1799-1909
Automatic Railroad Car Coupler
Andrew Beard invented the "Jenny [sic] coupler" in 1897? No!
The Janney coupler is named for US Civil War veteran Eli H. Janney,
who in 1873 invented a device (US patent #138405) which automatically
linked together two railroad cars upon their being brought into
contact. Also known as the "knuckle coupler," Janney's invention
superseded the dangerous link-and-pin coupler and became the basis for
standard coupler design through the remainder of the millennium.
Andrew Beard's modified knuckle coupler was just one of approximately
eight thousand coupler variations patented by 1900. See a history of
the automatic coupler and also The Janney Coupler.
Automatic Transmission/Gearshift
Richard Spikes in 1932? No!
The first automatic-transmission automobile to enter the market was
designed by the Sturtevant brothers of Massachusetts in 1904. US
Patent #766551 was the first of several patents on their gearshift
mechanism. Automatic transmission technology continued to develop,
spawning hundreds of patents and numerous experimental units; but
because of cost, reliability issues and an initial lack of demand,
several decades passed before vehicles with automatic transmission
became common on the roads.
Bicycle Frame
Isaac R. Johnson in 1899? No!
Comte Mede de Sivrac and Karl von Sauerbronn built primitive versions
of the bicycle in 1791 and 1816 respectively. The frame of John
Starley's 1885 "safety bicycle" resembled that of a modern bicycle.
Cellular Phone
Henry T. Sampson in 1971? No!
On July 6, 1971, Sampson and co-inventor George Miley received a
patent on a "gamma electric cell" that converted a gamma ray input
into an electrical output (Among the first to do that was Bernhard
Gross, US patent #3122640, 1964). What, you ask, does gamma radiation
have to do with cellular communications technology? The answer:
nothing. Some multiculturalist pseudo-historian must have seen the
words "electric" and "cell" and thought "cell phone."
The father of the cell phone is Martin Cooper who first demonstrated
the technology in 1973.
Clock or Watch (First in America)
Benjamin Banneker built the first American timepiece in 1753? No!
Abel Cottey, a Quaker clockmaker from Philadelphia, built a clock that
is dated 1709 (source: Six Quaker Clockmakers, by Edward C. Chandlee;
Philadelphia, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1943). Banneker
biographer Silvio Bedini further refutes the myth:
Several watch and clockmakers were already established in the colony
[Maryland] prior to the time that Banneker made the clock. In
Annapolis alone there were at least four such craftsmen prior to 1750.
Among these may be mentioned John Batterson, a watchmaker who moved to
Annapolis in 1723;
James Newberry, a watch and clockmaker who advertised in the Maryland
Gazette on July 20, 1748; John Powell, a watch and clockmaker believed
to have been indentured and to have been working in 1745; and Powell's
master, William Roberts.
Silvio Bedini, The Life of Benjamin Banneker (Baltimore: Maryland
Historical Society, 1999)
Clothes Dryer
George T. Sampson in 1892? No!
The "clothes-drier" described in Sampson's patent was actually a rack
for holding clothes near a stove, and was intended as an "improvement"
on similar contraptions:
My invention relates to improvements in clothes-driers.... The object
of my invention is to suspend clothing in close relation to a stove by
means of frames so constructed that they can be readily placed in
proper position and put aside when not required for use.
US patent #476416, 1892
Nineteen years earlier, there were already over 300 US patents for
such "clothes-driers" (Subject-Matter Index of Patents...1790 to
1873).
A Frenchman named Pochon in 1799 built the first known tumble dryer -
a crank-driven, rotating metal drum pierced with ventilation holes and
held over heat. Electric tumble dryers appeared in the first half of
the 20th century.
Dustpan
Lloyd P. Ray in 1897? No!
While the ultimate origin of the dustpan is lost in the mists (dusts?)
of time, at least we know that US patent #20811 for "Dust-pan" was
granted to T.E. McNeill in 1858. That was the first of about 164 US
dustpan patents predating Lloyd Ray's. See the dustpan patent list.
Egg Beater
Willie Johnson in 1884? No!
The hand-cranked egg beater with two intermeshed, counter-rotating
whisks was invented by Turner Williams of Providence, Rhode Island in
1870 (US Patent #103811). It was an improvement on earlier rotary egg
beaters that had only one whisk.
Electric Trolley
Did Granville Woods invent the electric trolley car, the overhead wire
that powers it, or the "troller" wheel that makes contact with the
trolley wire, in 1888? No!
Dr. Werner von Siemens demonstrated his electric trolleybus, the
Elektromote, near Berlin on April 29, 1882. The vehicle's two electric
motors collected power through contact wheels rolling atop a pair of
overhead wires. The earliest patentee of an electric trolley in the
United States appears to be Eugene Cowles (#252193 in 1881), followed
by Dr. Joseph R. Finney (#268476 in 1882) who operated an experimental
trolley car near Pittsburgh, PA in the summer of 1882. In early 1885,
John C. Henry established in Kansas City, MO, the first overhead-wire
electric transit system to enter regular service in the United States.
Belgian-born Charles van Depoele, who earned 240+ patents in electric
railway technology and other fields, set up trolley lines in several
North American cities by 1887. In February 1888, a trolley system
designed by Frank Sprague began operating in Richmond, Virginia.
Sprague's system became the lasting prototype for electric street
railways in the US.
Elevator
Alexander Miles in 1887? No!
Was Miles the first to patent a self-closing shaft door? No!
Steam-powered hoisting devices were used in England by 1800. Elisha
Graves Otis' 1853 "safety elevator" prevented the car from falling if
the cable broke, and thus paved the way for the first commercial
passenger elevator, installed in New York City's Haughwout Department
Store in 1857. The first electric elevator appeared in Mannheim,
Germany in 1880, built by the German firm of Siemens and Halske. A
self-closing shaft door was invented by J.W. Meaker in 1874
("Improvement in Self-closing Hatchways," US Patent No.
147,853). See Elevator Timeline
Fastest Computer/Computation
Was Philip Emeagwali responsible for the world's fastest computer or
computation in 1989? Did he win the "Nobel Prize of computing"? Is he
a "father of the Internet"? No!
The fastest performance of a computer application in 1989 was 6
billion floating point operations per second (6 Gflops), achieved by a
team from Mobil and Thinking Machines Corp. on a 64,000-processor
"Connection Machine" invented by Danny Hillis. That was almost double
the 3.1 Gflops of Emeagwali's computation. Computing's Nobel Prize
equivalent is the Turing Award, which Emeagwali has never won. More...
Fire Escape
Joseph Winters in 1878? No!
Winters' "fire escape" was a wagon-mounted ladder. The first such
contraption patented in the US was the work of William P. Withey, 1840
(US patent #1599). The fire escape with a "lazy-tongs" type ladder,
more similar to Winters' patent, was pioneered by Hüttman and Kornelio
in 1849 (US patent #6155). One of the first fire escapes of any type
was invented in 18th-century England:
In 1784, Daniel Maseres, of England, invented a machine called a fire
escape, which, being fastened to the window, would enable anyone to
descend to the street without injury.
Benjamin Butterworth, Growth of Industrial Art, 1888
By 1888 the US had granted 1,099 patents on fire escapes of "many
forms, and of every possible material" (Butterworth).
Fire Extinguisher
Thomas J. Martin in 1872? No!
In 1813, British army captain George Manby created the first known
portable fire extinguisher: a two-foot-tall copper cylinder that held
3 gallons of water and used compressed air as a propellant. One of the
earliest extinguishers to use a chemical extinguishing agent, and not
just water, was invented in 1849 by the Englishman William Henry
Phillips, who patented his "fire annihilator" in England and the
United States (US patent #7,269).
Food Additives, Meat Curing
Lloyd Hall "is responsible for the meat curing products, seasonings,
emulsions, bakery products, antioxidants, protein hydrolysates, and
many other products that keep our food fresh and flavorable"? No! Hall
"revolutionized the meatpacking industry"? No!
Hall introduced no major class of additive, certainly not meat curing
salts (which are ancient), protein hydrolysates (popularized by Julius
Maggi as flavor enhancers in 1886), emulsifiers and antioxidants
(lecithin, for example, was used in both roles before Lloyd Hall had
any patents in food processing). The so-called revolutionary meat
curing product marketed by Hall's employer was invented primarily by
Karl Max Seifert?; the number of Seifert's patent was printed right on
the containers. Hall's main contribution to this product was to reduce
its tendency to cake during storage. Details: Lloyd Hall myth.
Fountain Pen
W.B. Purvis in 1890? No!
The first reference to what seems to be a fountain pen appears in an
Arabic text from 969 AD; details of the instrument are not known. A
French
"Bion" pen, dated 1702, represents the oldest fountain pen that still
survives. Later models included John Scheffer's 1819 pen, possibly the
first
to be mass-produced; John Jacob Parker's "self-filling" pen of 1832;
and the
famous Lewis Waterman pen of 1884 (US Patents #293545, #307735). Early
History of the Fountain Pen
Golf Tee
Dr. George Grant in 1899? No!
A small rubber platform invented by Scotsmen William Bloxsom and
Arthur Douglas was the world's first patented golf tee (British patent
#12941 of 1889). The first known tee to penetrate the ground, rather
than rest on the surface, was the peg-like "Perfectum" patented in
1892 by Percy Ellis of England. American dentist William Lowell
introduced the most common form of tee used today, the simple wooden
peg with a flared top. Details...
Hairbrush
Lyda Newman in 1898? No!
An early US patent for a recognizably modern hairbrush went to Hugh
Rock in 1854 (US Design Patent no. D645), though surely there were
hairbrushes long before there was a US Patent Office.
The claim that Lyda Newman's brush was the first with "synthetic
bristles" is false: her patent mentions nothing about synthetic
bristles and is concerned only with a new way of making the handle
detachable from the head. Besides, a hairbrush that included "elastic
wire teeth" in combination with natural bristles had already been
patented by Samuel Firey in 1870 (US, #106680). Nylon bristles weren't
possible until the invention of nylon in 1935.
Halogen Lamp
Frederick Mosby? No
The original patent for the tungsten halogen lamp (US #2,883,571;
April 21, 1959) is recorded to Elmer G. Fridrich and Emmett H. Wiley
of General Electric. The two had built a working prototype as early as
1953. Fred Mosby was part of the GE team charged with developing the
prototype lamp into a marketable product, but was not responsible for
the original halogen lamp or the concept behind it.
Hand Stamp
William Purvis in 1883? No!
The earliest known postal handstamp was brought into use by Henry
Bishop,
Postmaster General of Great Britain, in the year 1661. The stamp
imprinted
the mail with a bisected circle containing the month and the date. See
"Bishop marks"
Heating Furnace
Alice Parker in 1919? No!
In the hypocaust heating systems built by the ancient Romans, hot air
from a furnace circulated under the floor and up through channels
inside the walls, thereby distributing heat evenly around the
building. One of the most famous heating systems in recent centuries
was the iron furnace stove known as the "Franklin stove," named after
its purported originator Benjamin Franklin around 1745 AD. The US had
issued over 4000 patents for heating stoves and furnaces by 1888
(Benjamin Butterworth, Growth of Industrial Art, 1888).
Horseshoe
Oscar E. Brown in 1892? No!
Some sources on the web, if not ignorant enough to say Brown invented
the first horseshoe ever, will at least try to credit him for the
first double or compound horseshoe made of two layers: one permanently
secured to the hoof, and one auxiliary layer that can be removed and
replaced when it wears out. However, in the US there were already 39
earlier patents for horseshoes using that same concept. The first of
these was issued to J.B. Kendall of Boston in 1861, patent #33709.
Ice Cream
Augustus Jackson in 1832? No!
Flavored ices resembling sherbet were known in China in ancient times.
In
Europe, sherbet-like concoctions evolved into ice cream by the 16th
century,
and around 1670 or so, the Café Procope in Paris offered creamy frozen
dairy
desserts to the public. The first written record of ice cream in the
New
World comes from a letter dated 1700, attesting that Maryland Governor
William Bladen served the treat to his guests. In 1777, the New York
Gazette
advertised the sale of ice cream by confectioner Philip Lenzi. History
of
Ice Cream
Ironing Board
Sarah Boone in 1892? No!
Of the several hundred US patents on ironing boards granted prior to
Sarah Boone's, the first three went to William Vandenburg in 1858
(patents #19390, #19883, #20231). The first American female patentee
of an ironing board is probably Sarah Mort of Dayton, Ohio, who
received patent #57170 in 1866. In 1869, Henry Soggs of Columbus,
Pennsylvania earned US patent #90966 for an ironing board resembling
the modern type, with folding legs, adjustable height, and a cover.
Another nice example of a modern-looking board was designed by J.H.
Mallory in 1871, patent #120296. Details...
Laser Cataract Surgery
Patricia Bath "transformed eye surgery" by inventing the first laser
device to treat cataracts in 1986? No!
Use of lasers to treat cataracts in the eye began to develop in the
mid 1970s. M.M. Krasnov of Russia reported the first such procedure in
1975. One of the earliest US patents for laser cataract removal
(#3,982,541) was issued to Francis L'Esperance in 1976. In later
years, a number of experimenters worked independently on laser devices
for removing cataracts, including Daniel Eichenbaum, whose work became
the basis of the Paradigm PhotonT device; and Jack Dodick, whose
Dodick Laser PhotoLysis System eventually became the first laser unit
to win FDA approval for cataract removal in the United States. Still,
the majority of cataract surgeries continue to be performed using
ultrasound devices, not lasers. Details...
Lawn Mower
John Burr in 1899? No!
English engineer Edwin Budding invented the first reel-type lawn mower
(with blades arranged in a cylindrical pattern) and had it patented in
England in 1830. In 1868 the United States issued patent #73807 to
Amariah M. Hills of Connecticut, who went on to establish the
Archimedean Lawn Mower Co. in 1871. By 1888, the US Patent Office had
granted 138 patents for lawn mowers (Butterworth, Growth of Industrial
Art). Doubtlessly there were even more by the time Burr got his patent
in 1899.
Some website authors want Burr to have invented the first "rotary
blade" mower, with a centrally mounted spinning blade. But his patent
#624749 shows yet another twist on the old reel mower, differing in
only a few details with Budding's original.
Lawn Sprinkler
J. H. Smith in 1897? Elijah McCoy? No!
The first US patent with the title "lawn sprinkler" was issued to J.
Lessler of Buffalo, New York in 1871 (#121949). Early examples of
water-propelled, rotating lawn sprinklers were patented by J. Oswald
in 1890 (#425340) and J. S. Woolsey in 1891 (#457099) among a
gazillion others.
Smith's patent shows just another rotating sprinkler, and McCoy's 1899
patent was for a turtle-shaped sprinkler.
Mailbox (letter drop box)
P. Downing invented the street letter drop box in 1891? No!
George Becket invented the private mailbox in 1892? No!
The US Postal Service says that "Street boxes for mail collection
began to appear in large [US] cities by 1858." They appeared in Europe
even earlier, according to historian Laurin Zilliacus:
Mail boxes as we understand them first appeared on the streets of
Belgian towns in 1848. In Paris they came two years later, while the
English received their 'pillar boxes' in 1855.
Laurin Zilliacus, Mail for the World, p. 178 (New York, J. Day Co.,
1953)
From the same book (p.178), "Private mail boxes were invented in the
United States in about 1860."
Eventually, letter drop boxes came equipped with inner lids to prevent
miscreants from rummaging through the mail pile. The first of many US
patents for such a purpose was granted in 1860 to John North of
Middletown, Connecticut (US Pat. #27466).
Mop
Thomas W. Stewart in 1893? No!
Mops go back a long, long way before 1893. Just how long, is hard to
determine. Restricting our view to the modern era, we find that the
United States issued its first mop patent (#241) in 1837 to Jacob
Howe, called "Construction of Mop-Heads and the Mode of Securing them
upon Handles." One of the first patented mops with a built-in wringer
was the one H. & J. Morton invented in 1859 (US #24049).
The mop specified in Stewart's patent #499402 has a lever-operated
clamp for "holding the mop rags"; the lever is not a wringing
mechanism as erroneously reported on certain websites. Other inventors
had already patented mops with lever-operated clamps, one of the first
being Greenleaf Stackpole in 1869 (US Pat. #89803).
Paper Punch (hand-held)
Charles Brooks in 1893? No!
Was it the first with a hinged receptacle to catch the clippings? No!
The first numbered US patent for a hand-held hole punch was #636,
issued to Solyman Merrick in 1838. Robert James Kellett earned the
first two US patents for a chad-catching hole punch, in 1867 (patent
#65090) and 1868 (#79232).
Pencil Sharpener
John Lee Love in 1897? No!
Bernard Lassimone of Limoges, France invented one of the earliest
sharpeners, receiving French patent number 2444 in 1828. An apparent
ancestor of the 20th-century hand-cranked sharpener was patented by G.
F. Ballou in 1896 (US #556709) and marketed by the A.B. Dick Company
as the "Planetary Pencil Pointer." As the user held the pencil
stationary and turned the crank, twin milling cutters revolved around
the tip of the pencil and shaved it into a point.
Love's patent #594114 shows a variation on a different kind of
sharpener, in which one would crank the pencil itself around in a
stirring motion. An earlier device of a similar type was devised in
1888 by G.H. Courson (patent #388533), and sold under the name
"President Pencil Sharpener."
Here are several other examples of 19th century sharpeners:
Early Mechanical Pencil Sharpeners
Mechanical Pencil Sharpener Gallery ~ 1884-1899
Permanent Wave Machine (for perming hair)
Marjorie Joyner in 1928? No!
That would be German hairdresser Karl Ludwig Nessler (aka Charles
Nestlé) no later than 1906.
Postmarking and Canceling Machine
William Barry in 1897? No!
Try Pearson Hill of England, in 1857. Hill's machine marked the
postage stamp with vertical lines and postmark date. By 1892, US post
offices were using several brands of machines, including one that
could cancel, postmark, count and stack more than 20,000 pieces of
mail per hour (Marshall Cushing, Story of Our Post Office, Boston: A.
M. Thayer & co., 1892, pp.189-191).
Printing Press
W.A. Lavalette invented "the advanced printing press" in 1878? No!
Movable-type printing first appeared in East Asia. In Europe, around
1455,
Johann Gutenberg adapted the screw press used in other trades such as
winemaking and combined it with type-metal alloy characters and
oil-based
printing ink. Major advances after Gutenberg include the cylinder
printing
press (c. 1811) by Frederick Koenig and Andreas Bauer, the rotary
press
(1846) by Richard M. Hoe, and the web press (1865) by William Bullock.
Major
advances do not include Lavalette's patent, which was only one of
3,268
printing patents granted in the US by the year 1888 (Butterworth,
Growth of
Industrial Art). Improvements After Gutenberg
Propeller for Ship
George Tolivar or Benjamin Montgomery? No!
John Stevens constructed a boat with twin steam-powered propellers in
1804 in the first known application of a screw propeller for marine
propulsion. Other important pioneers in the early 1800s included Sir
Francis Pettit Smith of England, and Swedish-born ship designer John
Ericsson (US patent #588) who later designed the USS Monitor.
Refrigerator
Thomas Elkins in 1879? John Stanard in 1891? No!
Oliver Evans proposed a mechanical refrigerator based on a
vapor-compression cycle in 1805 and Jacob Perkins had a working
machine
built in 1834. Dr. John Gorrie created an air-cycle refrigeration
system in
about 1844, which he installed in a Florida hospital. In the 1850s
Alexander
Twining in the USA and James Harrison in Australia used mechanical
refrigeration to produce ice on a commercial scale. Around the same
time,
the Carré brothers of France led the development of absorption
refrigeration
systems. A more detailed timeline
Stanard's patent describes not a refrigeration machine, but an
old-fashioned icebox - an insulated cabinet into which ice is placed
to cool the interior. As such, it was a "refrigerator" only in the old
sense of the term, which included non-mechanical coolers. Elkins
created a similarly low-tech cooler, acknowledging in his patent
#221222 that "I am aware that chilling substances inclosed within a
porous box or jar by wetting its outer surface is an old and
well-known process."
Rotary Engine
Andrew Beard in 1892? No!
The Subject Matter Index of Patents Issued from the United States
Patent
Office from 1790 to 1873 Inclusive lists 394 "Rotary Engine" patents
from
1810-1873. The Wankel engine, a rotary combustion engine with a
four-stroke
cycle, dates from 1954. History of the Rotary Engine from 1588 Onward
Screw Socket for Light Bulb
Lewis Latimer? No!
The earliest evidence for a light bulb screw base design is a drawing
in a Thomas Edison notebook dated Sept. 11, 1880. It is not the work
of Latimer, though:
Edison's long-time associates, Edward H. Johnson and John Ott, were
principally responsible for designing fixtures in the fall of 1880.
Their work resulted in the screw socket and base very much like those
widely used today.
R. Friedel and P. Israel, Edison's Electric Light: Biography of an
Invention, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1986).
The 1880 sketch of the screw socket is reproduced in the book cited
above.
Smallpox Vaccine
Onesimus the slave in 1721? No!
Onesimus knew of variolation, an early inoculation technique
practiced in several areas of the world before the discovery of
vaccination. English physician Edward Jenner developed the smallpox
vaccine in 1796 after finding that the relatively innocuous cowpox
virus built immunity against the deadly smallpox. This discovery led
to the eventual eradication of endemic smallpox throughout the world.
Vaccination differs from the primitive inoculation method known as
variolation, which involved the deliberate planting of live smallpox
into a healthy person in hopes of inducing a mild form of the disease
that would provide immunity from further infection. Variolation not
only was risky to the patient but, more importantly, failed to prevent
smallpox from spreading. Known in Asia by 1000 AD, the practice
reached the West via more than one channel.
Smokestack for Locomotives
L. Bell in 1871? No!
Even the first steam locomotives, such as the one built by Richard
Trevithick in 1804, were equipped with smokestacks. Later smokestacks
featured wire netting to prevent hazardous sparks from escaping. Page
115 of John H. White Jr.'s American Locomotives: An Engineering
History, 1830-1880 (1997 edition) displays a composite picture showing
57 different types of spark-arresting smokestacks devised before 1860.
Steam Boiler Furnace
Granville Woods in 1884? No!
The steam engine boiler is of course as old as the steam engine
itself. The Subject Matter Index of Patents Issued from the United
States Patent Office from 1790 to 1873 Inclusive lists several hundred
variations and improvements to the steam boiler, including the
revolutionary water-tube boiler patented in 1867 by American inventors
George Herman Babcock and Stephen Wilcox.
Street Sweeper
Charles Brooks in 1896? No!
Brooks' patent was for a modified version of a common type of street
sweeper cart that had long been known, with a rotary brush that swept
refuse onto an elevator belt and into a trash bin. In the United
States, street sweepers started being patented in the 1840s, and by
1900 the Patent Office had issued about 300 patents for such machines.
Details...
Supercharger for Automobiles
Joseph Gammel/Gamell in 1976? No!
In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler received a German patent for supercharging
an
internal combustion engine. Louis Renault patented a centrifugal
supercharger in France in 1902. An early supercharged racecar was
built by
Lee Chadwick of Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1908 and reportedly reached
a
speed of 100 miles per hour. History of Supercharging
Toilet
T. Elkins in 1897? No!
The Minoans of Crete are said to have invented a flush toilet
thousands of years ago; however, there is probably no direct ancestral
relationship between it and the modern one that evolved primarily in
England starting in the late 16th century, when Sir John Harrington
devised a flushing device for his godmother Queen Elizabeth. In 1775
Alexander Cummings patented a toilet in which some water remained
after each flush, thereby suppressing odors from below. The "water
closet" continued to evolve, and in 1885, Thomas Twyford provided us
with a single-piece ceramic toilet similar to the one we know today.
Who Invented the Toilet?
Toilet for Railroad Cars
Lewis Latimer in 1874? No!
William E. Marsh Jr. of New Jersey took out US patent #95597 for
"Improvement in Water-closets for Railroad Cars" five years prior to
Latimer's 1874 patent with the same title. Marsh's patent
specification suggests that railroad-car water closets, i.e., toilets,
were already in use:
In the closets or privies of railroad cars, the cold and wind,
especially while the train is in motion, are very disagreeable... My
invention is to remove these objectionable features....
W. Marsh, US patent #95597, 1869
Tricycle
M.A. Cherry in 1886? No!
In Germany in the year 1680 or thereabouts, paraplegic watchmaker
Stephan
Farffler built his own tricycle at 22 years of age. He designed it to
be
pedaled with the hands, for obvious reasons. History of the tricycle
Turn Signals
Richard Spikes in 1913? No! Did the 1913 Pierce Arrow feature Spikes'
turn signals? No!
Electric turn signal lights were devised as early as 1907 (U.S. Patent
912,831), but were not widely offered by major automobile
manufacturers until the late 1930s, when GM developed its own version
and made it standard on Buicks. The Pierce Arrow Museum in Buffalo, NY
denies that directional signals were offered on 1913 Pierce Arrows.
Typewriter
L.S. Burridge & N.R. Marshman in 1885? No!
Henry Mill, an English engineer, was the first person to patent the
basic idea of the typewriter in 1714. The first working typewriter
known to have actually been built was the work of Pellegrino Turri of
Italy in 1808.
Americans C. L. Sholes and C. Glidden patented the familiar QWERTY
keyboard
in 1868 and brought it to market in 1873. In 1878 change-case keys
were
added that enabled the typing of both capital and small letters.
Typewriter
History"
posted by LookyHere
http://www.nationalvanguard.org http://www.natvan.com
sawa
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170455391....@s48g2000cws.googlegroups.com...
--
dratster
hatred.
And why do they do this day after day for years on end? What is the
basis for this obsessive need?
How can they possibly lead a healthy mental life unless they have
somehow compartmentalized this
dysfunction...
Wierd and pathetic.
dratster
On Feb 3, 12:04 pm, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> ....neither does posting hate messages
>
> "death to f'loons" <gonesailing_gonefish...@yahoo.com> wrote in messagenews:1170455391....@s48g2000cws.googlegroups.com...
sawa
under water?
http://www.wilywalnut.com/brain_bubbles.html
"Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:AoJwh.15819$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
--
sawa
of novelty"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention
Novelty is the quality of being new. Although it may be said to have an
objective dimension (e.g. a new style of art coming into being, such as
abstract art or impressionism) it essentially exists in the subjective
perceptions of individuals. It also refers to something novel; that which is
striking, original or unusual.
Since it exosts in the 'subjective perception of individuals' therefore
invention
can apply to the arts as well as science and technology.
A new kind of music or musical instrument or way of playing the instrument,
a new kind of drawing, furniture or sculpture etc etc.
When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of Black
inventors....infact they are countless.
Its after all a 'subjective perception of individuals'
Jude + Alexander
> Mmmm....interesting. Did you also know you can increase your IQ by
> swimming
> under water?
Where did you read that?
John Mazor
He's not interested in rational discussion. He's nothing
more than a troll.
And a marginally competent one, at that.
"sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
news:45c410c6$0$16279$8826...@free.teranews.com...
Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC
"John Mazor" <maz...@verizon.net> wrote in message
news:TV4xh.938$6P4.700@trnddc06...
dratster
> You're trying to talk sense to Jasper.
>
> He's not interested in rational discussion. He's nothing
> more than a troll.
>
> And a marginally competent one, at that.
>
I've notice that he never engages directly, but will be quickly post,
"I won or you surrender". And he is still stuck back in the '50's
when he thinks that calling us a "boy" indicates his superiority.
I suppose he needs this venue because I damn sure he isn't brave
enough or foolish enough to try such stuff in the real world.
dratster
Chairman Mao says:
Everyone needs comic relief...
Yo beez Comix reliefs fah me...
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170512794.3...@k78g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
dratster
> Why?
>
> Everyone needs comic relief...
>
> Yo beez Comix reliefs fah me...
>
Wouldn't have expected anything more intelligent than that from
you .... How is the degree work going? Can't get a job because all
of us "negroes" have our AA to prop us up....:)
Hey, your whining and crying about AA and how people with more
degrees makes for great comedy...
ciao,
dratster
Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC
John Mazor
"Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC" <jaspt...@pnl.org>
wrote in message news:cv6xh.268$Yl3.135@trndny09...
> you surrender is accepted, boy
You're the one who's wrapped himself in the white flag,
Jaspah.
Bwha-wha-wha-wha-wha!
death to f'loons
NIGGER?
Chairman Mao says:
Who is going to post those Diversity EOC talking sheets full of those
inventors that someoner else can claim the invention too.
What invention have been created the last 20 years?
1. cRap music
add to list
"sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
news:45c34923$0$16266$8826...@free.teranews.com...
Chairman Mao says:
course this breeds the biggest, most violent, hateful, drug addicted,
rejects in the history of the USA.
Now do you mansion lib$ live in those Diversity areas and send your kids to
learn Diversity at diversity schools?
I didn't think so.....
Thanks liberals for destroying everthing decent and good.
"Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:AoJwh.15819$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
>
Chairman Mao says:
instead of being studying.
Yo beez crampin mah style G... what up wiff dat?
"Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:NVJwh.15822$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
Chairman Mao says:
still argue it isn't a brick.
"Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:LmKwh.15825$p%6.4...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
Chairman Mao says:
"sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
news:45c43025$0$16384$8826...@free.teranews.com...
Chairman Mao says:
Yes my doctorate degree is finished, of course I do everything I can to
insure that only Qualified people get hired, NO AA flunkies around here.
Now how did you get ahead in life again?
What graduate and post-graduate school did you attend again?
I thought you had a degree in Chemistry? Why did you work outside of your
field of study?
(At least you could have been a dope cooker for the Bloods or something)
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170550003.4...@q2g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
Chairman Mao says:
add to it.
1. cRap music
2. Crack cocaine
add to the list...
"John Mazor" <maz...@verizon.net> wrote in message
news:Jvfxh.1704$5U4.142@trnddc07...
Chairman Mao says:
to sue us?
BOY
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170543743.4...@v45g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
dratster
> Yes it beez mah faults because dey wants to chase Whites wimmenz and party
> instead of being studying.
And what about your predilection for Asian woman?
dratster
> Which degree dRatman?
>
> Yes my doctorate degree is finished, of course I do everything I can to
> insure that only Qualified people get hired, NO AA flunkies around here.
And I say you are a liar. Perhaps you finished a Master's but from
what I seen from
you in the many years, there is NO WAY IN HELL that you have what it
takes
to have a doctorate.
I say, show us proof, liar...
> Now how did you get ahead in life again?
Making smart and lucky decisions early on -
- It was smart to learn Russian - it has opened up many doors that I
might not have seen
- It was smart to leave the Army when I did
- It was smart to self-learn Oracle 20 years ago.
- It was smart to remain as an independent consultant for so long
>
> What graduate and post-graduate school did you attend again?
None, and I have faired better than most who have.... Last year my
income was over $250K; not bad for someone who has a degree in
Biochemistry.
>
> I thought you had a degree in Chemistry?
No, I have a degree in Biochemistry and a minor in Chemistry. So
what, my wife has a degree in Chemistry, taught chemisty for
a while and even has published papers. But she quickly realized that
that degree would NOT pay the billls.
She eventually was the director of a spa and got her Masters Degree in
Finance.
> Why did you work outside of your field of study?
Because when I graduated from college I went on active duty in the
army as an Infantry officer. After two years of active duty I left
and finished off in the reserves but pursued a career in computers.
As a biochemist with only a undergraduate degree, I could have earned
only $15 - 18K. Working as a computer consultant in 1987 I made over
$30K....
Even YOU are smart enough to understand the "math"...
What's so funny about you, is that you have been consistent about
several themes:
- I could not have succeeded except for Affirmative Action
- Because I do not have an advanced degree, i am unqualified for what
I do.
- I am "wrong" because I didn't pursue my Biochemistry degree.
What's so funny is that why you've been shaking your head I am living
it up...
- Have a beautiful and intelligent wife, intelligent son
- About to buy a 8k square feet home in Costa Rica.
- Have a successful business with Global Tasks, Inc and Global Tica,
SA (US and CR corporations)
> (At least you could have been a dope cooker for the Bloods or something)
And for someone who supposedly (and I am doubting more with each post)
has advanced degrees you are both unimaginative and quite ignorant...
ciao,
dratster
dratster
> Why would you become violent and call us "crackers" or hire a Jew law outfit
> to sue us?
First, you should learn to use a "comma", 'Advanced degree boy'.
No, I wouldn't waste my time with you, I would laugh in your face and
continue to be successful.
Sometimes I am left awestruck about how racist you are and how
pathetic of a character it makes you.
And you have Advanced Degrees????? How the hell did you survive in
the liberal university environment, it must have been pure hell for
you.
ciao,
dratster
>
> BOY
Topaz
<Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote:
>I will start the list of inventions in the last 20 years or so, you libs can
>add to it.
>
>1. cRap music
>2. Crack cocaine
>
>add to the list...
>
carjacking
John Mazor
news:45c5dd65$0$498$815e...@news.qwest.net...
>I will start the list of inventions in the last 20 years or
>so, you libs can add to it.
>
> 1. cRap music
> 2. Crack cocaine
>
> add to the list...
Your 20-year span is meaningless, since the allegation is
that blacks don't have the "tools" to be inventors.
The following examples were picked from the first googled
site on the list, and I stopped halfway through the
alphabet.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbennett.htm#Alcorn
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blchappelle.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blchristian.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldrew.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa111097.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blgourdine.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsoaker.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blf_jones.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkoontz.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bljosephlee.htm
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bldean_moeller.htm
You can find everything from humble tradesmen to doctors to
rocket scientists there.
And when it comes to bad stuff, whites gave us most of it:
Heavy metal musicrap
Cocaine
Hydrogen bombs
The machine gun
Margarine and other trans-fats
Direct marketing ("junk mail")
to name just a very, very few of the dangerous or frivolous
or just plain annoying facts of modern life brought to you
by your white bruthuhs.
And you're still a pretentious asshole for pretending to
know anything about inventors, and a third-rate troll for
positing something that can be debunked with a 5-minute
google search.
Chairman Mao says:
handout programs?
If true, don't you feel ashamed that everybody thinks you are a flunky and
with dee Gubermints help you got ahead.
Every educated person is going to think that the first time you open your
mouth in support of those special negro only programs.
Of course you do not have any understanding about higher education because
you never even attended grad school. Part of my research was in China.
Now since Costa Rica is a good choice for tax dodgers, criminals on the lam,
sex deviants and coke users, please tell me why you decided to move there
instead of becoming an outstanding Black person in the inner-city?
The Blackest you can become is to post excuses for your failed brethren to
prove "Iz still beez Black" in reality you REJECTED your own culture and
people.
If you rejected it, why should your culture and liberal policies be shoved
down the rest of our throats?
That makes you NO different from the dregs of society that 99% of the
complaints here are about.
You should be ashamed you have rejected your own failed culture and continue
to make excuses for others when you yourself has done nothing to remedy the
situation.
(of course voting for libs, supporting handouts, blaming the White man,
waiting for reparations makes you no better than a Jessee Jack$on type
persona)
Dats why we be callin yo dRatsman..
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170597289.9...@v33g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
3098 Dead
<Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote:
>well if your diatribe is all true, why do you make excuses for AA and other
>handout programs?
Oh, look: it's another dumb racist fuck who doesn't know that the
primary beneficiaries of AA has been whites.
--
"Keeping us up here eats away at families. The Democrats could care less about families -- that's what this says."
-- Rep. Jack Kingston (R-GA), quoted by the Washington Post, in response to incoming-Majority Leader Steny Hoyer's (D-MD) plan to increase the House's work schedule from three days a week to five.
Putsch: leading America to asymetric warfare since 2001
Not dead, in jail, or a slave? Thank a liberal!
Pay your taxes so the rich don't have to.
For the finest in liberal/leftist commentary,
http://www.zeppscommentaries.com
For news feed (free, 10-20 articles a day)
http://groups.yahoo.com/subscribe/zepps_news
For essays (donations accepted, 2 articles/week)
http://groups.yahoo.com/subscribe/zepps_essays
a.a. #2211 -- Bryan Zepp Jamieson
Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC
"3098 Dead" <zepp22...@finestplanet.com> wrote in message
news:sjacs2pkppt45voen...@4ax.com...
> On Sun, 4 Feb 2007 13:18:56 -0500, "Chairman Mao says:"
> <Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote:
>
> >well if your diatribe is all true, why do you make excuses for AA and
other
> >handout programs?
>
> Oh, look: it's another dumb racist fuck who doesn't know that the
> primary beneficiaries of AA has been whites.
c'mon, boy
let's hear all about these supposed 'benefits'
I need a good laugh today
dratster
> well if your diatribe is all true, why do you make excuses for AA and other
> handout programs?
Since when have you seen me make excuses? Please show me EXACTLY one
place I have done that.
What I do, do is dispute your claim that if you are Black you are
autiomatically given an excuse
for failure.
> If true, don't you feel ashamed that everybody thinks you are a flunky and
> with dee Gubermints help you got ahead.
No, because when they meet me they understand that I understand my
subject, i am intelligent and articulate. Most of the time they are
surprised that I am Black when they finally meet me in person. So
sorry son, I have nothing to even to begin to be ashamed about.
I just started a contract with Bearing Point and in less than a week
I cleared up three problems
that they had been working on withOUT success for three months. They
have so much confidence in my ability
that I spend a week working in Pennsylvania and a week in Costa Rica.
The Oracle DBA, who is from Taiwan, at this site took me over to two
Russian women and a Ukrainian man. He thought I was the typical
American who claimed to have fluency in another language but could
barely speak a few words (sound familiar Charley...:).
His mouth dropped open when I proceed to have a conversation in
Russian with the three, making a few jokes about him (i translated the
jokes for him...).
> Every educated person is going to think that the first time you open your
> mouth in support of those special negro only programs.
I am just not opposed to the programs. I know that Blacks were held
at a disadvantage for several centuries in this country. I find
it quite amazing that some Whites continue to whine and cry about AA
when it has only been in existance less than 40 years.
My understanding is the largest benefactor of these programs are
White women. But truth be told, I don't even think YOU really know
how large and whom is really benefitting from AA.
You just need a excuse to rationalize you inability to get ahead...
> Of course you do not have any understanding about higher education because
> you never even attended grad school. Part of my research was in China.
I doubt that. Your grammar belies that you have ever been in an
institution of higher learning.
What was your thesis topic? Can you tell us that, liar?
> Now since Costa Rica is a good choice for tax dodgers, criminals on the lam,
> sex deviants and coke users, please tell me why you decided to move there
> instead of becoming an outstanding Black person in the inner-city?
First, you impression about Costa Rica is quite dated. Costa Rica has
quite good relations with the United States and has no problem
extraditing criminals if they can be found. They are actively working
with the US goverments to identify and prosecute pedophiles. Until 2
years ago, a pedophile had no fear that what they did in another
country might cause them problems in the US. But now, they can be
prosecuted in US courts even if the sexual act is legal in another
country.("The Protect Act")
Now, you are under the misconception that because I am Black that I
have to base all of my actions solely on that one aspect.. I've lived
the majority of my life abroad when my father was in the Army (Germany
and Alaska). When in the states I lived in a diverse community on an
Army base.
Why would I feel the need to segregate myself?
Second, I live in Costa Rica because my wife still doesn't have an
American Immigration visa; 9/11 has made it so much harder.
Also, I started a company where I am offering "GlobalDBA" services and
Application Development services. I can offer companies a better rate
if I use Costa Rican DBAs and Developers... And then there is the
potential market in Latin America that we are looking to exploit.
>
> The Blackest you can become is to post excuses for your failed brethren to
> prove "Iz still beez Black" in reality you REJECTED your own culture and
> people.
Rejected it? No, I embraced aspects of it that you are completely
unaware of. I can NEVER reject it because until the day I die, I
will be Black. However, we have a rich history in music that I am
proud of and take many opportunities to promote that.
And I'm not speaking about rap, but Jazz...
> If you rejected it, why should your culture and liberal policies be shoved
> down the rest of our throats?
Well one, I don't think you will have much a choice soon. The
Republicans lost an opportunity to make some real movement in this
country; they lost sight of their goals. The country will now turn to
the democrats.
Again, you are looking to blame you failure on things that really
don't have the impact YOU try to claim on your life. The war in Iraq,
corporate welfare, political scandals and mismanagement of the
federal infrastructure is doing more harm to this nation than the sill
"handouts" that you are claiming.
If the government was smart, we'd find a way for even low income
people to receive health care instead of really on the "JIT" method
which produces higher costs in the end.
> That makes you NO different from the dregs of society that 99% of the
> complaints here are about.
No 99% of the complaints are the result of ignorant racism and most of
the people here have no clear insight to what are the real problems
that we are facing today.
And as a supposedly "Advanced Degree" person I am surprised that YOU
don't see the threat of China as the biggest thing America has to
face, along with Irag/Iran and North Korea and Islam in general.
Instead of looking for ways to help uplift people and make them self-
sufficient/responsible. You want to segregate them out ifrom society
as if "out of sight out of mind" really is a viable solution.
>
> You should be ashamed you have rejected your own failed culture and continue
> to make excuses for others when you yourself has done nothing to remedy the
> situation.
Shouldn't that apply to you if you are an American as well? Why is it
that you want to seperate such things by race? Why should I be
responsible for such things soley by race? Do I have no
responsibility for an American if they are White?
Charley, your thought process tells me EXACTLY that you are a
complete liar about your Advanced Degrees. Your position and how you
articulate proves to me that you are NOT a person who is educated.
You derive your opinion based on emotions and don't look to facts to
help form an opinion. You think in "Black and White" without realize
that the world is a spectrum, a continuum...
> (of course voting for libs,
I've always voted Republican, but after two terms of Bush I think I
might look to an independent candidate...
>supporting handouts,
I support giving people the opportunity to educate and improve
themselves so that they become contributing members of society.
Would you reject disable veterans receiving handouts - they receive
set-asides in the $billions - more popular than minority set-asides.
>> blaming the White man,
Unlike you, I do NOT generalize about such things. I understand that
this country had a history of racism and discrimination. I also
understand that this country has done well in moving beyond that and
that institutionalized racism is being eliminated.
However, there are still racists among us who denigrate all Americans
with their vile hatred.
"Blaming the White man" is a slogan for White racists and uneducated/
stupid Blacks... Those of us who are self--actualized don't get
caught up in something that is so trite.
> waiting for reparations makes you no better than a Jessee Jack$on type
> persona)
I think that even if they were to give our reparations my income
bracket would probably negate my receiving them...
If you whine and cry hard enough, perhaps they might give them to
you...:)
> Dats why we be callin yo dRatsman..
And that's why I call you a racist idiot who lies about his
education...
ciao,
dratster
>
> "dratster" <drichardson_all4...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
> > dratster- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
3098 Dead
Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC
> On Sun, 04 Feb 2007 19:11:41 GMT, "Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC"
> <jaspt...@pnl.org> wrote:
>
> >
> >"3098 Dead" <zepp22...@finestplanet.com> wrote in message
> >news:sjacs2pkppt45voen...@4ax.com...
> >> On Sun, 4 Feb 2007 13:18:56 -0500, "Chairman Mao says:"
> >> <Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote:
> >>
> >> >well if your diatribe is all true, why do you make excuses for AA and
> >other
> >> >handout programs?
> >>
> >> Oh, look: it's another dumb racist fuck who doesn't know that the
> >> primary beneficiaries of AA has been whites.
> >
> >c'mon, boy
> >
> >let's hear all about these supposed 'benefits'
> >
> >I need a good laugh today
>
> Keep laughing, little racist:
>
>
http://encarta.msn.com/college_article_AffirmativeAction/Affirmative_Action_and_College_Admissions.html
nice fluff piece
no stats and no links to statistics
keep trying
>
> http://www.princetonreview.com/college/apply/articles/process/8stepsAA.asp
oh, how nice. a 'how to get tuition assistance thru AA' guide
how cute
again, no stats, no links to stats, nothing
Thanks for the laugh, boy
Davitri Savi
light and there are no cars on the other sides.
sawa
about so they can feel better about themselves.
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170512794.3...@k78g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> I have yet to understand why these racist flock here to display their
> hatred.
>
> And why do they do this day after day for years on end? What is the
> basis for this obsessive need?
>
> How can they possibly lead a healthy mental life unless they have
> somehow compartmentalized this
> dysfunction...
>
> Wierd and pathetic.
>
> dratster
>
> On Feb 3, 12:04 pm, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> > ....neither does posting hate messages
> >
> > "death to f'loons" <gonesailing_gonefish...@yahoo.com> wrote in
messagenews:1170455391....@s48g2000cws.googlegroups.com...
> >
> > > On Feb 3, 1:16 am, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> >
> > > > When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of
Black
> > > > inventors....infact they are countless.
> >
> > > Sorry, NIGGER, but cutting a twig off a bush to make a new termite
> > > stick doe not make you an inventor.
> >
dratster
portion of them have been posting daily for the past 7 years...
How bizarre and pathetic...
dratster
On Feb 5, 11:44 am, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> They are the true white trash.....I guess they come here for us to bash
> about so they can feel better about themselves.
>
> "dratster" <drichardson_all4...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
>
> news:1170512794.3...@k78g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
>
>
> > I have yet to understand why these racist flock here to display their
> > hatred.
>
> > And why do they do this day after day for years on end? What is the
> > basis for this obsessive need?
>
> > How can they possibly lead a healthy mental life unless they have
> > somehow compartmentalized this
> > dysfunction...
>
> > Wierd and pathetic.
>
> > dratster
>
> > On Feb 3, 12:04 pm, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> > > ....neither does posting hate messages
>
> > > "death to f'loons" <gonesailing_gonefish...@yahoo.com> wrote in
>
> messagenews:1170455391....@s48g2000cws.googlegroups.com...
>
>
>
> > > > On Feb 3, 1:16 am, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
>
> > > > > When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of
> Black
> > > > > inventors....infact they are countless.
>
> > > > Sorry, NIGGER, but cutting a twig off a bush to make a new termite
> > > > stick doe not make you an inventor.
>
> > > --
> > > Posted via a free Usenet account fromhttp://www.teranews.com
>
> --
> Posted via a free Usenet account fromhttp://www.teranews.com- Hide quoted text -
death to f'loons
>
> - Have a beautiful and intelligent wife, intelligent son
Oh yeah, here we go again, the successful nigger with the intelligent
super model bodierd wife, the drinking of finest wines, the wonderful
children....Too bad it all takes place in the vacant space between
your chimp ears, nigger.
dratster
Too bad that you are so obsessed and dysfunctional that you had to get
up at
3am just to call me a nigger...
Do you bark on command as well?
My beautiful wife (no supermodel bodied one, just an attractive,
intelligent and funny one) and I laughing our a$$es off about your
antics...
I suppose you could say in your little racist mind that you've
figuratively have a "monkey on your back"...:)
ciao,
dratster
death to f'loons
> >
> Too bad that you are so obsessed and dysfunctional that you had to get
> up at
> 3am just to call me a nigger...
So what, NIGGER, are you doing fuckarsing about at 3.00 AM? Shouldn't
you be tucked up in your straw pile in your kennel sleeping and
preparing yourself for another day of cotton picking? Don't bother
trying to niggerthink a reply, shitsKKKin, that's a rhetorical
question.
>
> Do you bark on command as well?
>
> My beautiful wife
Yep, right on cue as predicted. Well done, little nigger, jumping
every time your White Human superior commands.
dratster
Hell, you barely can command your own bowel movements.
All you can do is spew a string of invectives that only show your own
desperation and ignorance.
And what the hell is that hackneyed reference to "cotton picking"?
This entire weekend you've posted nothing but you ignorant racism,
what kind of miserable human being needs to spend his spare time
hating?
Sa and Pathetic, get some help.
ciao,
dratster
Jeffrey Scott Linder
>On Sun, 04 Feb 2007 19:11:41 GMT, "Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC"
><jaspt...@pnl.org> wrote:
>
>>
>>"3098 Dead" <zepp22...@finestplanet.com> wrote in message
>>news:sjacs2pkppt45voen...@4ax.com...
>>> On Sun, 4 Feb 2007 13:18:56 -0500, "Chairman Mao says:"
>>> <Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> >well if your diatribe is all true, why do you make excuses for AA and
>>other
>>> >handout programs?
>>>
>>> Oh, look: it's another dumb racist fuck who doesn't know that the
>>> primary beneficiaries of AA has been whites.
>>
>>c'mon, boy
>>
>>let's hear all about these supposed 'benefits'
>>
>>I need a good laugh today
>
>Keep laughing, little racist:
>
>http://encarta.msn.com/college_article_AffirmativeAction/Affirmative_Action_and_College_Admissions.html
Nothing to support your contention there.
>http://www.princetonreview.com/college/apply/articles/process/8stepsAA.asp
Nothing supporting your contention there.
I wonder if Zepp understood the question?
JSL
Jeffrey Scott Linder
At least he posted a cite. In Zepp's mind that's a
victory...regardless of the fact that what he cites usually has no
connection to his assertion.
JSL
sawa
post!
On Feb 5, 3:18 am, "death to f'loons"
<gonesailing_gonefish...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> On Feb 4, 11:54 pm, "dratster" <drichardson_all4...@yahoo.com> wrote:
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170676441.7...@v45g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
--
sawa
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170585913.4...@a34g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
> On Feb 4, 3:04 am, "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote:
> > ....neither does posting hate messages
> >
> So why do you, NIGGER, continue to post White Human hating messages,
> NIGGER?
3098 Dead
Ah, Jeffy, so anxious to score meaningless points that you've aligned
yourself with the empty gainsaying of noisome racists.
You're really developing into something, Jeffy.
>JSL
sawa
"Chairman Mao says:" <Mao-z...@prc.com> wrote in message
news:45c5db78$0$498$815e...@news.qwest.net...
> Yes it beez mah faults because dey wants to chase Whites wimmenz and party
> instead of being studying.
>
> Yo beez crampin mah style G... what up wiff dat?
>
>
> "Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
> news:NVJwh.15822$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
> > I've already looked at your "proof" before.
> >
> > Like I said in my post, ALL discrepancies between black and white
> > AMERICANS (remember that, AMERICANS -- with it's specific history --
> > educated blacks in other parts of the world show NO difference in IQ.)
can
> > be EASILY understood AND is, in fact, understood by the greater number
of
> > professionals.
> >
> > Blacks are scoring higher and higher on IQ tests AT THE SAME RATE of
> > improvement as whites and AT THE SAME RATE as poor underprivileded
whites
> > have shown over the SAME period of time as life conditions better.
> >
> > I've go not real time for you, the "intelligent" bigot as compared to
the
> > raving lunatic bigot. I gave your kind of bigot all the time I'm going
> > to. No matter what is explained to you YOU WANT to believe the worst and
> > therefore will continue to do so NO MATTER WHAT is shown to you.
> >
> > YOU are just like the religious bigot who believes in the inerrancy of
the
> > bible, that it contains no errors. Shown an error, they CONTINUE to
> > believe and that somehow it's just a matter of waiting and an
explanation
> > will make itself known. They do some kind of tapdancing in their sad
> > minds to continue in the path they want to go.
sawa
dilate and increase the blood flow into the brain hence making the brain
more 'powerful'.
I guess its like the way weight lifting builds muscle mass only this time
its the brain.
"Jude + Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:2v1xh.17508$fC2....@bignews4.bellsouth.net...
>
> "sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
> news:45c43025$0$16384$8826...@free.teranews.com...
> > Mmmm....interesting. Did you also know you can increase your IQ by
> > swimming
> > under water?
>
> Where did you read that?
>
>
> > http://www.wilywalnut.com/brain_bubbles.html
> >
> >
> > "Jude +-+ Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
> > news:AoJwh.15819$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
> >>
> >> "sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
> >> news:45c34923$0$16266$8826...@free.teranews.com...
> >> > "An invention is an object, process, or technique which displays an
> >> > element
> >> > of novelty"
> >> >
> >> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention
> >> >
> >> > Novelty is the quality of being new. Although it may be said to have
an
> >> > objective dimension (e.g. a new style of art coming into being, such
as
> >> > abstract art or impressionism) it essentially exists in the
subjective
> >> > perceptions of individuals. It also refers to something novel; that
> > which
> >> > is
> >> > striking, original or unusual.
> >> >
> >> > Since it exists in the 'subjective perception of individuals'
therefore
> >> > invention
> >> > can apply to the arts as well as science and technology.
> >> > A new kind of music or musical instrument or way of playing the
> >> > instrument,
> >> > a new kind of drawing, furniture or sculpture etc etc.
> >> > When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no shortage of Black
> >> > inventors....infact they are countless.
> >>
> >> There is ABSOLUTELY NO SUPPORT that black people are less than white
> > people
> >> or brown people or yellow people in intelligence or any other positive
> > human
> >> aspect. Nor are they less inclinced to do right or wrong actions given
> > ALL
> >> the same opportunties, advantages and NO STIGMA!
> >>
> >> What is ALWAYS true about white and black people in America is that ALL
> >> is
> >> relative to one's reality and it is difficult for a person of one
reality
> > to
> >> understand a person who lives with another reality, thus much
> >> misunderstanding between some American blacks and whites. That has
> >> changed
> >> but we'll always find those numbbrain few who will continue to mouth
off
> > old
> >> stereotypes because it bolsters their OWN flagging self esteem.
> >>
> >> The fact that there is more certain negative actions within the overall
> >> "black community" in America can EASILY be seen in light of the SAME
> > reality
> >> of the Irish in the turn of the century. The same things that are
> >> leveled
> >> at the poorest and disadvantaged black people in America was said abut
> >> the
> >> poor and disadvantaged Irish people and IRISH ARE WHITE PEOPLE! lol
> >>
> >> Another fact remains. Yes, black are still a LITTLE behind whites in
> >> intelligence studies BUT that can EASILY be seen in the light of TRUE
and
> >> HONEST comparison. In the not so far past, Blacks started behind
whites
> > (as
> >> they were held back PURPOSEFULLY by the majority of our white-based
> >> power)
> >> and with many handicaps that white bigots CONTINUE to deny exist(ed)
> >> (i.e.
> >> not only less education but less quality education, living in poverty,
> > less
> >> well fed/nurtured, fighting off stigmas, etc. ) BUT blacks are STILL
> >> elevating themselves AT THE SAME RATE as white people are. ALL
> >> government
> >> studies that have been done OVER A PERIOD OF TIME show that black
people
> > are
> >> continuing to show better results on IQ tests AND at the same rate that
> >> whites have shown over the same period of time. Given enough time,
they
> >> WILL catch up.
> >>
> >> Lastly, it has been discovered that it is US white people that are the
> >> genetic "mutants" NOT black people. The whiteness of our skin is a
> >> mutation. Now, can YOU imagine if science has discovered the opposite?
> >> We'd NEVER stop hearing the clap trap from bigot, now would we? They'd
> >> be
> >> on that mutated gene for-freaking-ever.... :)
Jude Alexander
> They say that the lack of sufficient oxygen forces the blood vessels to
> dilate and increase the blood flow into the brain hence making the brain
> more 'powerful'.
> I guess its like the way weight lifting builds muscle mass only this time
> its the brain.
Sounds "fishy" to me... ('cuse the pun). I've never heard that. I weight
lifted for a short while and I think I remember reading that it was the
small breaks in the muscle threads that made the muscle mass increase,
although the blood pumping accentuates the veins over the muscles but I
never understood the "appeal" of that (veins showing).
Jeffrey Scott Linder
Noisome racists? He asked you to provide a least a modicum of proof
to your assertion. You were unable to, again.
Chairman Mao says:
exist.
I am glad you read everything I post, xie xie, maraming salamat po.. I feel
warm and fuzzy inside.
"dratster" <drichards...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170597528.5...@m58g2000cwm.googlegroups.com...
Chairman Mao says:
claim. We should stand together and eliminate such racist programs..
What excuse do you have now? Yes just what I thought...
You and dRatman should be standing with Fat Al and Jessee Jac$on demanding
AA be dismantled because it only really benefits Whites and is actually
racist.
See you liberals, I actually agree with you on this one.
It's almost the Jewi$h thing to do too.
"3098 Dead" <zepp22...@finestplanet.com> wrote in message
news:sjacs2pkppt45voen...@4ax.com...
Chairman Mao says:
racist programs that really only benefit Whites.
How many of you liberals are going to demand AA be dismantled at your next
rent-a-riot party?
Yep... just what I thought..
What do the Jew$ think about these racist programs, where is that loud mouth
Susan Cohen at?
Getting her/its transgender hormone shots?
We need to hear from the Jew-limo-libs about this situation.
"3098 Dead" <zepp22...@finestplanet.com> wrote in message
news:o5ecs212efh0bc51o...@4ax.com...
John Mazor
"Davitri Savi" <ds...@gmail.nospam> wrote in message
news:11706378...@gmail.nospam...
death to f'loons
> ooga booga, booga booga...
Well done, NIGGER, nothing to contribute, you are whipped and beaten
so you try the good old nigger turd flinging act.
death to f'loons
> Metaphorically speaking....I am swatting the houseflies in SCAA.
>
niggerhide that attracts flies.
Anthony x
sawa
SCAA, ANR, AFL and many other Newsgroups.
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170751386.7...@h3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
--
death to f'loons
> Actually these flies breed
Correct, sambo, flies breed in SHIT. No shitsKKKins, no filthy
niigerstink, no flies.
sawa
NG's. There is just so much shit in AFN.....
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170761566.7...@v45g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
--
sawa
Flies breed in shit then go on to contaminate human food etc.
Racists breed in the filth of AFN then contaminate SCAA and other clean NG's
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170761566.7...@v45g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
--
death to f'loons
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly
>
> Flies breed in shit then go on to contaminate human food etc.
> Racists breed in the filth of AFN then contaminate SCAA and other clean NG's
Yep, you niggers are like flies, you breed anywhere, anytime.
dratster
*yawn*
Egalitarian
> "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote in message
>
> news:45c6b739$0$16352$8826...@free.teranews.com...
>
> > They say that the lack of sufficient oxygen forces the blood vessels to
> > dilate and increase the blood flow into the brain hence making the brain
> > more 'powerful'.
> > I guess its like the way weight lifting builds muscle mass only this time
> > its the brain.
>
> Sounds "fishy" to me... ('cuse the pun). I've never heard that. I weight
> lifted for a short while and I think I remember reading that it was the
> small breaks in the muscle threads that made the muscle mass increase,
> although the blood pumping accentuates the veins over the muscles but I
> never understood the "appeal" of that (veins showing).
>
>
>
>
>
> >news:2v1xh.17508$fC2....@bignews4.bellsouth.net...
>
> >> "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote in message
> >>news:45c43025$0$16384$8826...@free.teranews.com...
> >> > Mmmm....interesting. Did you also know you can increase your IQ by
> >> > swimming
> >> > under water?
>
> >> Where did you read that?
>
> >> >http://www.wilywalnut.com/brain_bubbles.html
>
> >> >news:AoJwh.15819$p%6.9...@bignews7.bellsouth.net...
>
> >> >> "sawa" <s...@home.com> wrote in message
>
> > --
> > Posted via a free Usenet account fromhttp://www.teranews.com- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
Jude Alexander -- Rump Riding Retard, homo-cult lemming.
Dumber than dirt. America's own version of the Taliban. Selfish,
hate
filled -- mindlessly supports sociopathic agendas that seek to
destroy
vital personal liberties of millions of people. A true HLLL.
(Homosexual Liberal Leftist Loon.)
death to f'loons
Your absence of any refutation of my statement, NIGGER, gives said
statement proof that I am correct.
sawa
Population of whites in USA is around 67% while blacks is around 13%.
Which race breeds prolifically like houseflies?
"death to f'loons" <gonesailing...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1170921446.3...@j27g2000cwj.googlegroups.com...
--
sawa
suffice. Which makes me wonder perhaps the cold climate Whites favor
influences their IQ? Most if not all high IQ countries are located in cold
places while low IQ countries locate in warm places.
Anyway from experience its easier to breath properly in Kenya than during
long cold and harsh British winter.
"Jude Alexander" <Ca...@swamp.USA> wrote in message
news:kuLxh.48320$jA.3...@bignews1.bellsouth.net...
Al E. Crocodile
your wife she gives good head,
and bring those lips and my shoes over Boy, and be spry about it, or she'll
find that shoe up that fat ass
"Jasper Towing & Dragging Co, LLCC" <jaspt...@pnl.org> wrote in message
news:cv6xh.268$Yl3.135@trndny09...
> you surrender is accepted, boy
>
>
> "John Mazor" <maz...@verizon.net> wrote in message
> news:TV4xh.938$6P4.700@trnddc06...
>> You're trying to talk sense to Jasper.
>>
>> He's not interested in rational discussion. He's nothing
>> more than a troll.
>>
>> And a marginally competent one, at that.
>>
>> "sawa" <sa...@home.com> wrote in message
>> news:45c410c6$0$16279$8826...@free.teranews.com...
>> > "An invention is an object, process, or technique which
>> > displays an element
>> > of novelty"
>> >
>> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention
>> >
>> > Novelty is the quality of being new. Although it may be
>> > said to have an
>> > objective dimension (e.g. a new style of art coming into
>> > being, such as
>> > abstract art or impressionism) it essentially exists in
>> > the subjective
>> > perceptions of individuals. It also refers to something
>> > novel; that which is
>> > striking, original or unusual.
>> >
>> > Since it exosts in the 'subjective perception of
>> > individuals' therefore invention
>> > can apply to the arts as well as science and technology.
>> > A new kind of music or musical instrument or way of
>> > playing the instrument,
>> > a new kind of drawing, furniture or sculpture etc etc.
>> > When viewed in this broad perspective...there is no
>> > shortage of Black
>> > inventors....infact they are countless.
>> > Its after all a 'subjective perception of individuals'