HISTORY OF THE CALIPHS

[THE RIGHT PATH]

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Wisdom and Ignorance
7.  Imam Musa Kazem (A. S.)
Human being has not been given anything higher than wisdom and intellect. ((Tohafol-Oghool, p. 419)
8.  Imam Jafar Sadegh (A. S.)
The most knowledgeable person is one who runs away from ignorant people.((AIfaghih, vol. 4, p. 394)) 

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HISTORY OF THE CALIPHS From The Death of the Messenger (s) to the Decline of The Umayyad Dynasty 11-132 AH Vol.2 By: Rasūl Ja'farīan Translation by: Ali Ebrahimi Publisher: Ansariyan Publications – Qum First Edition 1382 -1424 - 2003 Thamin Al-a'immah Press Quantity: 2000 Number of Pages: 664 Size: 162 x 229 mm ISBN: 964-438-457-1 ALL RIGHTS RECORDED AND RESERVED FOR THE PUBLISHER  Ansariyan Publications P.O. Box 187 22 Shohada St., Qum Islamic Republic of  Iran Tel: 0098 251 7741744 Fax: 7742647 Email: ansa...@noornet.net www.ansariyan.net & www.ansariyan.org
TABLE OF CONTENTS		Page No.
TRANSLATOR’S NOTE		9
CHAPTER I		11
	ABŪ BAKR’S CALIPHATE SAQĪFA CALIPHATE AFTER THE PROPHET (S) THE ISSUE OF APOSTASY ABŪ BAKR’S AGENTS CONQUEST OF DAMASCUS CONQUEST OF IRAQ	11 11 21 24 34 38 43
CHAPTER II		51
	‘UMAR’S CALIPHATE ABOUT CALIPH II THE CALIPH’S CHARACTER ‘UMAR’S FUNCTIONARIES THOUGHTS OF THE SECOND CALIPH ‘UMAR’S MURDER CONTINUED CONQUESTS IN DAMASCUS AND EGYPT CONTINUED CONQUESTS IN IRAQ AND THE CONQUEST OF IRAN ABOUT IRAN’S CONQUEST	51 51 55 59 67 86 91 97 106
CHAPTER III		111
	‘UTHMĀN’S CALIPHATE CALIPHATE COUNCIL AND ‘UTHMĀN’S ELECTION ‘UTHMĀN’S CALIPHATE REASONS OF ANTI-‘UTHMĀN REBELLION ‘UTHMĀN’S OPPONENTS ‘UTHMĀN’S CONTACT WITH DISSENTERS ‘UTHMĀN AND MU‘ĀWIYA IMĀM ‘ALī (A) AND ‘UTHMĀN ASSASSINATION OF ‘UTHMĀN ONGOING VICTORIES EFFECTS OF VICTORIES AND ISLAMIC COMMUNITY	111 111 123 125 134 142 152 154 160 164 165
CHAPTER IV		173
	IMĀM ‘ALĪ’S IMAMATE IMĀM ‘ALĪ ALONGSIDE THE PROPHET IMĀM ‘ALĪ AND CALIPHS SHI‘ISM DURING IMĀM’S CALIPHATE PEOPLE’S ALLEGIANCE TO ‘ALĪ (A) IMĀM’S PROBLEMS REFORMATION, IMĀM’S FUNDAMENTAL POLICY IMĀM IN THE FACE OF INFIDELS (DJAMAL WAR) IMĀM STAYS IN KŪFA WAR WITH OPPRESSIVELY PERVERSE PEOPLE IN SIFFĪN WAR WITH EXTREMIST KHĀRIDJITES THE KHĀRIDJITES, FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS INVASIONS OF DAMASCUS ARMY IMĀM ‘ALĪ’S MARTYRDOM IMĀM ‘ALĪ’S LIFE	173 173 178 184 198 210 217 223 240 243 270 276 284 292 294
CHAPTER V		299
	IMĀM HASAN’S IMAMATE ACQUAINTANCE WITH THE KŪFIYĀNS IMĀM HASAN’S CHARACTER IMĀM MUDJTABĀ AND IMAMATE FIRST ACTIONS OF IMĀM AND MU‘ĀWIYA MU‘ĀWIYA AND REQUEST FOR COMPROMISE WHY THE COMPROMISE WAS ACCEPTED IMĀM HUSAYN (A) AND COMPROMISE PEACE PACT IMĀM MUDJTABĀ’S CHARACTER IMĀM HASAN’S MARTYDOM	299 299 303 307 313 319 320 326 328 333 335
CHAPTER VI		339
	MU‘ĀWIYA’S MONARCHY MU‘ĀWIYA, THE FOUNDER OF THE UMAYYAD MONARCHY SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS IN MU‘ĀWIYA’S TIME THE SUPPRESSION OF HUDJR IBN ‘ADī’S SHI‘ITES MOVEMENT REPERCUSSIONS OF HUDJR’S MARTYRDOM CONQUESTS IN MU‘ĀWIYA’S TIME THE KHĀRIDJITES IN MU‘ĀWIYA’S TIME MU‘ĀWIYA’S ENDEAVOR FOR HEREDITARY CALIPHATE	339 339 354 363 368 370 372 377
CHAPTER VII		387
	KARBALĀ MOVEMENT IMĀM HUSAYN BEFORE KARBALĀ’ IMĀM HUSAYN’S OPPOSITION TO YAZĀD’S CALIPHATE DISPATCHING MUSLIM TO KūFA IMāM’S MOVE TOWARDS IRAQ THE PEOPLE OF KūFA AND KARBALā EVENT KŪFA UNDER THE PRESSURE OF IBN ZIYĀD ASSESSING THE TRAVEL TO IRAQ IMĀM VERSUS IRAQI ARMY 415 THE ELEMENT OF INVISIBILITY IN KARBALĀ THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS DEVIATIONS IN KARBALĀ EVENT POLITICAL IMPACTS OF THE EVENT OF KARBALĀ ON SHI‘ISM	387 387 393 395 399 401 403 408 415 423 425 429
CHAPTER VIII		433
	TRANSFER OF CALIPHATE TO THE MARWĀNIDS DISPUTE BETWEEN HIDJĀZ AND DAMASCUS THE BATTLE OF HARRA WĀQIM THE PENITENTS’ MOVEMENT IN 65 A.H HERE SOME POINTS MERIT ATTENTION AS REGARDS TO THE PENITENTS MUKHTĀR’S UPRISING (66, 67 A.H.)	433 433 434 440 447 449
CHAPTER IX		465
	IMĀM SADJDJĀD (A) IMĀM SADJDJĀD(A) IMĀM SADJDJĀD AND SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS IMĀM’S ENCOUNTER WITH THE UMAYYADS IMĀM SADJDJĀD’S PROFITING FROM DU‘Ā (PRAYER) IMĀM SADJDJĀD AND SLAVES THE HĀSHIMITES AFTER THE EVENT OF KARBALĀ’	465 465 471 476 479 483 485
CHAPTER X		493
	THE MARWĀNIDS’ GOVERNMENT ĀL MARWĀN’S RULE HADJDJĀDJ IN IRAQ ‘ABD AL-RAHMĀN IBN ASH‘ATH’S RIOT ‘UMAR IBN ‘ABD AL-‘AZĪZ’S ADMINISTRATION ENCOUNTERING THE SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS ENCOUNTERING THE KHĀRIDJITES STANDING AGAINST CRUELTY AND PUBLIC EXTORTION YAZĪD IBN ‘ABD AL-MALIK’S SUCCESSION YAZĪD IBN MUHALLAB’S UPRISING HISHĀM IBN ‘ABD AL-MALIK’S SUCCESSION KHĀRIDJITES’ REBELLION IN TIME OF THE MARWĀNIDS THE FOUNDATION OF THE KHĀRIDJITES’ PRINCIPLES	493 493 499 504 508 509 512 513 516 518 522 525 531
CHAPTER XI		535
	SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS IN THE LAST DECADES OF THE UMAYYAD STATE THE SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS UNDER THE PRESSURE OF THE UMAYYADS INTERNAL EVENTS OF SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS EXAGGERATION AND THE EXAGGERATORS CONFRONTATION OF IMĀMS WITH THE EXAGGERATORS SHI‘ISM WHEN GIVING SUPERIORITY TO ‘ALĪ (A) ZAYD IBN ‘ALĪ’S UPRISING AND THE ZAYDĪDS IN SHI‘ISM ZAYD IBN ‘ALĪ IN KŪFA ZAYD IBN ‘ALĪ’S CLASH WITH THE UMAYYADS’ FORCES ZAYDISM, SHI‘ISM AND ZAYD IBN ‘ALĪ (A) THE TWELVE-IMĀM SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS AND ZAYD YAHYĀ IBN ZAYD’S UPRISING ‘ABD ALLĀH IBN MU‘ĀWIYA’S UPRISING THE SHI‘ITE MUSLIMS AND THE ‘ALAWITES’ LAST POSITION IN THE UMAYYADS’S TIME	535 535 538 539 542 549 557 560 566 571 579 590 593 597
CHAPTER XII		601
	DECLINE OF THE MARWĀNIDS HĀRITH IBN SURAYDJ IN KHURĀSĀN THE MURDJI‘ITES AND THE DJAHMITES IN HĀRITH’S UPRISING WALĪD IBN YAZĪD’S CALIPHATE AND EXTREME CORRUPTION  OF THE UMAYYADS THE IMPACTS OF WALīD’S DEATH ON THE UMAYYADS AND THEIR FALL MARWĀN IBN MUHAMMAD AND THE DECLINE OF THE UMAYYADS POLITICAL VIEWS OF THE MARWĀNIDS SCHOLARS SERVE ĀL MARWĀN CIRCULATION OF ISRAELITES AND THE PREVALENCE OF STORY-TELLING CONQUESTS BY THE MARWāNIDS UNTIL LATE FIRST CENTURY ORIENTAL CONQUESTS OCCIDENTAL CONQUESTS	601 601 605 607 614 616 619 632 636 642 642 646
REFERENCES		649

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