The Qui Tam Award and Morgellons- Perhaps the Psychotic CT AAG Jessica Gauvin thought Yale's Leebens and Phillips would file the claim?

[Mort Zuckerman]

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Subject: Morgellons- it's pretty hard to find data like this
Date: Aug 23, 2008 3:19 AM

Immune Suppression from Fungi (mentioned in the article below):
http://www.actionlyme.org/BIOWEAPONEERS_CORIXA_YALE_TLRS.htm

What you want to do is come up with a sturdy bacterium that can
cause plant rot and damage to livestock, especially the kind that
does not show up until after the grain has been stored for half
a year, like fungi, and slowly reduces fertility in livestock
such that it is not noticed initially. That's a "stealth disabler."

Here, below, they claim GM organisms. Years ago I suggested
Morgellons
might be from a lichen... part plant, part animal, especially with the
relationship to Lyme's immune suppression/dysregulation, something I
alerted the FDA to, in 2001:
http://www.actionlyme.org/DICKSON_FDA_TEXT.htm
http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3680s2_11.pdf
"By what mechanism vaccination of the asymptomatic Bb infected
patients
is causing the Lyme like illness, we do not know exactly.

"Previous infection could be "priming" the immune system, as Denise
Huber
of Tufts has suggested, in "Identification of LFA-1 as a Candidate
Autoantigen in Treatment-Resistent Lyme Arthritis" July 31, 1998,
Science, Vol 281, p 703.
or the vaccine is activating a dormant infection by the immune
dysregulation it causes, as demonstrated by the effect of Bb
infection and Osp A alone, on NK cells population, T cells,
neutrophils, and the effects on the various inflammatory
regulating biomoleclues, such as IL-10.

"We simply don't know all the variables, at present, that effect
systemic
illness from immune dysregulation caused by Bb infection, and
especially
the effect of a sucha a large dose of a known immune irritant, Osp A
upon this system, the asymptomatic Lyme patient..."


It was very, very bad and irresponsible of me to be doing the
CT Department of Health's, FDA's and DCF's job for them, because
look how many lives might not have been ruined if I allowed the
DCF to file the RICO case instead of me:
http://www.actionlyme.org/BLUMENTHALS_MAIL_STOLEN_BY_JESSICA_GAUVIN.htm
http://www.actionlyme.org/LEEBENS_DEFRAUDING_THE_COURT.htm
Apparently Gauvin thought Yale's James Phillips and Yale's Patricia
Leebens would complain to the USDOJ and earn the Qui Tam award:
http://www.actionlyme.org/USDOJ_COMPLAINT_RICO.htm


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August 23, 2008 Latest News on Bush Impeachment

Agrobacterium & Morgellons Disease, A GM Connection?

by Dr. Mae-Wan Ho and Prof. Joe Cummins

Global Research, August 20, 2008

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Preliminary findings suggest a link between Morgellons Disease and
Agrobacterium,
a soil bacterium extensively manipulated and used in making GM crops;
has genetic
engineering created a new epidemic?

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website. Details
here.

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CDC launch investigation on Morgellons’ Disease

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States announced
the launch
of an investigation on ‘Morgellons Disease’ in January 2008 [1], after
receiving
thousands of complaints from people with this bewildering condition,
which it describes
as follows [2]: “Persons who suffer from this unexplained skin
condition report
a range of cutaneous (skin) symptoms including crawling, biting and
stinging sensations;
granules, threads, fibers, or black speck-like materials on or beneath
the skin,
and/or skin lesions (e.g., rashes or sores). In addition to skin
manifestations,
some sufferers also report fatigue, mental confusion, short term
memory loss, joint
pain, and changes in visions.”

Morgellons Disease first became known in 2001, when Mary Leitao
created a web site
describing the illness in her young son, which she named after a 17th
century medical
study in France describing similar symptoms [3]. Until then, people
with Morgellons
Disease have been diagnosed as cases of “delusional parasitosis”, in
which the symptoms
are deemed entirely imaginary, and lesions allegedly due to self-
inflicted wounds.

Indeed, the debate over Morgellons Disease has continued in the pages
of medical
and scientific journals right up to the CDC’s announcement [4-7]

Dr. Michele Pearson, principal investigator for the CDC said [1] that
the primary
goals of the study are “to learn more about who may be affected with
this condition,
the symptoms they experience and to look for clues about factors that
might contribute
to the condition,” adding that the condition is “complex”, and “may be
due to multiple
factors.”

In response to questions from journalists at the CDC press conference,
Pearson said:

“ We are aware that many patients have suffered from this condition.
And, I can
tell you that here at CDC, we have really been seeing an increasing
number of these
reports over the past year or so.”

CDC’s investigation is to be carried out in conjunction with Kaiser
Permanente’s
Northern California Division of Research and the US Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology.

Dr. Joe Selby, Director of the Kaiser Permanente’s Northern California
Division
of Research, said the study would proceed in three stages. In the
first stage, they
will identify all members who may have seen a Kaiser Permanente
physician with symptoms
suggestive of this condition at any point during the 18 months between
July 1 2006
and December 31, 2007, and determine whether they meet eligibility
criteria for
the study. In stage two, all eligible members will be invited to
complete a comprehensive
web based or telephone survey conducted by the CDC that examines the
duration and
severity of a variety of symptoms. And in stage three, those with
active symptoms
will be invited to the division of research for an extensive clinical
examination
including collection of skin biopsies, blood and urine samples.

In a paper [6] published in 2006, researchers from the Morgellons
Research Foundation
[3] identified the states of California, Texas and Florida as having
the highest
number of cases of Morgellons disease in the United States. Primary
clusters were
noted in Los Angeles and San Francisco (California) and Houston,
Dallas and Austin
(Texas). California accounted for 26 percent of cases in the US, but
all 50 US states
and 15 other nations, including Canada, the UK, Australia, and the
Netherlands,
have reported cases of Morgellons disease. The two main occupational
groups reporting
symptoms are nurses and teachers, with nurses outnumbering teachers
three to one.
The risk factor common to both groups is suspected to be the
possibility of transmitted
infectious agents.

Skin lesions and fibres may not be readily apparent in all individuals
with the
disease, as family members of patients often report similar systemic
disease symptoms
without skin symptoms. Families in which all members are affected
often have suspected
simultaneous exposure to an inciting agent. Contact with soil or waste
products
appears to be associated with the disease. Cases have been reported in
cats and
dogs, as well as horses.

What finally prompted CDC to investigate the disease? The Morgellons
Research Foundation
[3] was set up in 2002 in honour of Mary Leitao, the Foundation’s
executive director.
It publicises the plight of patients with similar conditions and
operates a registry
of afflicted families. The Foundation also funds scientific research.
It has a Medical
Advisory Board of seven with M.D. degree and two with nursing degrees.
In addition,
it has a Board of Nursing with five other nurses, and a Scientific
Advisory Board
of six scientists, all with Ph.D. degree; one of which is Vitaly
Citovsky. It may
have been Citovsky’s discovery last year that finally persuaded the
CDC to announce
an investigation.
The Agrobacterium connection

Vitaly Citovsky is a professor of molecular and cell biology at Stony
Brook University
in New York (SUNY). He is a world authority on the genetic
modification of cells
by Agrobacterium, a soil bacterium causing crown gall disease in
plants, that has
been widely used in creating genetically modified (GM) plants since
the 1980s because
of its ability to transfer a piece of its genetic material, the T-DNA
on its tumour-inducing
(Ti) plasmid to the plant genome (see later for details).

Citovsky’s team took scanning electron microscope pictures of the
fibres in or extruding
from the skin of patients suffering from Morgellons disease,
confirming that they
are unlike any ordinary natural or synthetic fibres (see Fig. 1,
assembled from
Citovsky’s website [8]).

Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope images of fibres from skin
biopsies of patients
with Morgellons Disease - a, white fibre with calcite, scale bar 10
mm; b, green
fibre with alumina ‘rock’ protruding, scale bar 20 mm; c, various
ribbon-like, cylindrical
and faceted fibres all coated with minerals, scale bar 10 mm; d, skin
lesion with
fibres stabbing through the epidermis, scale bar 300 mm

They also analysed patients for Agrobacterium DNA. Skin biopsy samples
from Morgellons
patients were subjected to high-stringency polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) tests
for genes encoded by the Agrobacterium chromosome and also for
Agrobacterium virulence
(vir) genes and T-DNA on its Ti plasmid. They found that “all
Morgellons patients
screened to date have tested positive for the presence of
Agrobacterium, whereas
this microorganism has not been detected in any of the samples derived
from the
control, healthy individuals.” Their preliminary conclusion is that
“Agrobacterium
may be involved in the etiology and/or progression” of Morgellons
Disease.

The unpublished findings have been posted on a website [8] since
January 2007. They
were further publicized in the “first ever” Morgellons conference in
Austin Texas,
attended by 100 in March 2008 [9]. A growing list of people are
registered with
Morgellons Disease, totalling 12 106 worldwide recorded by Morgellons
Research Foundation
[3], as of 12 April 2008.

San Francisco physician, Raphael Stricker, one of only a few doctors
who believe
the disease is real, said [9]. “There’s almost always some history of
exposure to
dirt basically either from gardening or camping or something.” He is
one of the
co-authors on the Agrobacterium research done in SUNY, which reported
finding Agrobacterium
DNA in all 5 Morgellons patients studied. Stricker suggests it is
transmitted by
ticks, like Lyme disease, and in a recent survey of 44 Morgellons
patients in San
Francisco, 43 of them also tested positive for the bacterium causing
Lyme disease.
Another factor consistent with Agrobacterium being a causative agent,
if not the
causative agent, is that when patients are treated with antibacterials
for their
Lyme disease, remission of Morgellons symptoms is seen in most of them
[6].

Stricker also told his audience that Agrobacterium lives in the soil,
and is known
to cause infections in animals and human beings with compromised
immune systems.
It can cause skin lesions when injected into Swiss mice, a strain that
is immune
deficient, he said.

At this point, the findings on the Agrobacterium connection are still
preliminary,
as only seven patients have been studied. Nevertheless, the
implications are far-reaching
if this connection is confirmed, as existing evidence (reviewed below)
suggests
a link between Agrobacterium and genetic engineering in the creation
of new disease
agents, and it is paramount for the CDC investigation to include this
aspect, if
only to rule it out.
Agrobacterium and the genetic engineering connection

Agrobacterium not only infects human and other animal cells, it also
transfers genes
into them. It was SUNY professor Citovsky and his team that made the
discovery some
years ago [10]. Until then, the genetic engineering community had
assumed that Agrobacterium
did not infect animal cells, and certainly would not transfer genes
into them.

Agrobacterium was found to transfer T-DNA into the chromosomes of
human cells.

In stably transformed HeLa cells, the integration occurred at the
right border of
the T-DNA, exactly as would happen when it is being transferred into a
plant cell
genome, suggesting that Agrobacterium transforms human cells by a
mechanism similar
to that involved in transforming plants cells (see Box 1). Human
cancer cells, neurons
and kidney cells were all transformed with the Agrobacterium T-DNA.
Commenting on
this research in 2001, Joe Cummins had warned of hazards to laboratory
and farm
workers [11] (i-sis news11/12)
The Agrobacterium vector system for gene transfer

Since the discovery in the 1970s that Agrobacterium can transfer genes
into plants
causing crown gall disease, the soil bacterium has been developed into
a vector
for inserting desirable genes into the plant genome to create
transgenic (GM) plants
[12].

Agrobacterium transfers T-DNA – a small region of approximately 5 to
10 percent
of a resident tumour-inducing (Ti) or root-inducing (Ri) plasmid –
into numerous
species of plants; and as later turns out, also to fungi, algae, and
even animal
and human cells [13, 14] (see main text).

Transfer requires three major elements [13]: T-DNA border direct
repeat sequences
of 25 base pairs that flank the T-DNA and delineate the region
transferred into
the host, the virulence (vir) genes located on the Ti/Ri plasmid, and
various genes
on the bacterial chromosome. Plant genes are also involved in the
successful integration
of T-DNA [15]. The T-DNA contains oncogenes (cancer genes or gene for
forming tumours)
and genes for synthesizing opines; none of which is essential for T-
DNA transfer,
so they can be deleted and replaced with genes of interest and
selectable markers.

Furthermore, the vir genes and T-DNA region need not be on the same
replicating
plasmid. This gave rise to the binary vector systems in which T-DNA
and the vir
genes are located on separate replicating units. The T-DNA containing
unit is the
binary vector and contains also the origin(s) of replication that
could function
both in E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and antibiotic
resistance marker
genes used to select for the presence of the binary vector in
bacteria. The replicating
unit containing the vir genes is the ‘helper’ plasmid. Strains of
Agrobacterium
harbouring the two separate units are considered ‘disarmed’ if they do
not contain
oncogenes that could be transferred to a plant.

The association of Morgellons Disease with dirt and soil where
Agrobacterium lives,
the widespread use of Agrobacterium in genetic engineering of plants,
and the ability
of Agrobacterium to infect human cells, all point towards a possible
role of genetic
engineering in the aetiology of Morgellans disease via Agrobacterium.

Extensive genetic manipulation of Agrobacterium does have the
potential to transform
it into an aggressive human pathogen. Genetic engineering is nothing
if not enhanced
and facilitated horizontal gene transfer and recombination, which is
widely acknowledged
to be the main route for creating new pathogens. Mae-Wan Ho was among
an international
panel of scientists have raised this very issue in 1998, calling for a
public enquiry
into the possible contributions of genetic engineering biotechnology
to the aetiology
of infectious diseases which has greatly increased since genetic
engineering began
in the 1970s [16].

The epidemiological data of Morgellons Disease are very incomplete,
and the Morgellons
Research Foundation’s registry of more than 12 000 families afflicted
worldwide
is almost certainly only a fraction of the emerging epidemic. Still,
it is significant
that the majority of the cases are in the United States, the first
country to release
GM crops and remaining the top producer ever since.

There are other findings implicating Agrobacterium in transgenic
plants released
into the environment, particularly during the early years of field
trials, when
knowledge was poor and safety measures not as stringent as they may be
today.
Agrobacterium persists in transgenic plants and is a vehicle for gene
escape

By the late 1990s, the Agrobacterium vector system became very widely
used, and
many GM crops created were commercially released.

Scientists at the Kinsealy Research and Development Centre in Dublin,
Ireland, and
the Scottish Crop Research Institute in Dundee, Scotland, were
concerned that the
inserted genes in plants would spread to wild populations by cross-
pollination or
by horizontal gene transfer to unrelated species, which was by then
well-documented
in the scientific literature.

They considered it “imperative” to address the risk posed in using
Agrobacterium
as a tool in genetic engineering [17], given its ability to transfer
genes to plants.
The transformation procedure involves inoculating the cells or tissue
explants with
Agrobacterium and co-cultivation the plant cells and bacterium for a
short period,
followed by the elimination of the bacterium with antibiotics.

However, if all the bacteria were not eliminated, then “release of
these plants
may also result in release of the Agrobacterium [with the foreign
genes]”, which
will serve as a vehicle for further gene escape, at least to other
Agrobacterium
strains naturally present in the soil.

Although various antibiotics have been used to eliminate Agrobacterium
following
transformation, the researchers stated that “very few authors actually
test to ensure
that the antibiotics succeed.”

The difficulty is compounded because the bacterium can remain latent
within the
plant tissue. So putting transgenic plant material into culture medium
without antibiotics
and finding no Agrobacterium is no guarantee that the transgenic plant
is free of
the bacterium, as was often assumed.

In their study, they investigated the ability of antibiotics to
eliminate Agrobacterium
tumefaciens after transformation in three model systems: Brassica
(mustard), Solanum
(potato), and Rubus (raspberry). The antibiotics carbenicillin,
cefataxime and ticaracillin
were used respectively to eliminate the bacterium at four times the
minimum bactericidal
concentration, as recommended. They found that none of the antibiotic
succeeded
in eliminating Agrobacterium.

The contamination levels increased from 12 to 16 weeks to such an
extent that transgenic
Solanum cultures senesced and died. Contamination in shoot material
decreased over
16 to 24 weeks possibly because only the apical node was used in
further culture,
but even that did not eliminate Agrobacterium from all the samples; 24
percent remained
contaminated at 24 weeks.

The binary vector was also present under non-selective conditions up
to 6 months
after transformation, where approximately 50 percent of contaminated
material still
harboured bacterial cells with the binary vector at high levels of
about 107 colony
forming units per gram. The researchers pointed out: “Here is where
the possibility
of gene escape arises. The presence of the disarmed Agrobacterium in
the tissue
would not be a problem if the binary vector had been lost, but now its
survival
and spread are real possibilities.” The binary vector contains the
foreign genes
as well as antibiotic resistance marker gene(s).

There is no limit to the foreign genes that can be inserted into the
binary vector.
A few years earlier, a research group in Israel had inserted a viroid
that causes
disease in citrus fruits into the disarmed Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium
and used
that to infect and transform several plant species including tomato
(Lycopersicon
esculentum) Gynura aurantiaca, avocado (Persea americana), and
grapefruit (Citrus
paradisi) grafted on Troyer citrange (Pancirus trifoliate x C.
sinensis) [18]. Extracts
prepared from tissues of the infected plants 38-90 days after
inoculation were plated
on selective media and found to contain large amounts of the
engineered bacteria.

The researchers warned of “newly formed combinations of persistently
transmitted
viruses” coupled with “the opportunistic and systemically moving
Agrobacterium vector
infectious to a wide host range might eventually cause infection and
damage to crop
plants or natural vegetation” that are “not presently visited by the
traditional
vectors of the virus disease.”

In other words, Agrobacterium persisting in transgenic plants released
into the
environment has the potential to spread new diseases, and to plants
that normally
would not be infected by the disease agents. At the time, the
researchers did not
know that Agrobacterium would also infect animals and humans, and
could spread new
diseases to them as well.

Have these warnings been heeded by other researchers? There is no
evidence they
have been taken on board. Agrobacterium has since been shown to
transform at least
80 different non-plant species including yeasts and other fungi,
algae, mammalian
and human cells, also the gram positive bacterium Streptomyces
lividans. In a recent
review, the researchers stated [14]: “Future research has to show
whether Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation contributed to horizontal gene transfer between
microorganisms in
the rhizosphere.”

But there is already evidence suggesting that Agrobacterium can indeed
engage in
horizontal gene transfer with a wide range of bacteria in the soil.
(For more on
horizontal gene transfer see [19] Horizontal Gene Transfer from GMOs
Does Happen,
SiS 38)
Agrobacterium gene transfer mechanisms similar to conjugation in
bacteria

Ho first alerted regulators to the potential of Agrobacterium
contaminating GM plants
to facilitate the escape of transgenes in 2003 (see Living with the
Fluid Genome
[20] and The Case for A GM-Free Sustainable World [21] ISIS
publications). By then,
Gayle Ferguson and Jack Heinemann at the University of Canterbury,
Christchurh,
New Zealand, had already pointed out in a review that the process
whereby Agrobacterium
injects T-DNA into plant cells strongly resembles conjugation, the
normal mating
process between bacteria [22].

Conjugation, mediated by certain bacterial plasmids, depends on a
sequence called
the origin of transfer (oriT) on the DNA transferred. All other
functions - called
tra for trans-acting functions - can be supplied from unlinked
sources. Thus, ‘disabled’
plasmids with no trans-acting functions, can nevertheless be
transferred by helper
plasmids, the same as the binary vector system of Agrobacterium (Box
1). The resemblance
does not stop there.

The left and right borders of T-DNA are similar to oriT and can be
replaced by it.
Furthermore, the disarmed T-DNA binay vector, lacking oncogenes as
well as virulence
genes, can be helped by similar genes belonging to many other
pathogenic bacteria.
The trans-kingdom gene transfer apparatus of Agrobacterium and the
conjugative systems
of bacteria are both involved in transporting macromolecules, not just
DNA but also
protein.

Thus, transgenic plants with contaminating Agrobacterium [20] “have a
ready route
for horizontal gene escape, via Agrobacterium, helped by the ordinary
conjugative
mechanisms of many other bacteria that cause diseases, which are
present in the
environment.” In the process, new and exotic disease agents could be
created.
Investigations on the role of Agrobacterium in Morgellons Disease
urgently needed

The investigation launched by the CDC needs to clarify the role of
Agrobacterium
in the aetiology of Morgellons Disease as a matter of urgency. This
should include:

*
Molecular characterization of Agrobacterium DNA sequences in
Morgellans Disease
patients
*
Design of suitable probes for diagnostic purposes and for
monitoring soil
samples and other suspected sources of infection
*
Introduction of stringent tests for Agrobacterium contamination
for all transgenic
plants already released or about to be released into the
environment.


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