On May 21, 5:18 pm, Double-A <
double...@hush.com> wrote:
> "May 8, 2013 — In a dark, starless patch of intergalactic space,
> astronomers have discovered a never-before-seen cluster of hydrogen
> clouds strewn between two nearby galaxies, Andromeda (M31) and
> Triangulum (M33). The researchers speculate that these rarefied blobs
> of gas -- each about as massive as a dwarf galaxy -- condensed out of
> a vast and as-yet undetected reservoir of hot, ionized gas, which
> could have accompanied an otherwise invisible band of dark matter."
>
>
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130508131700.htm
>
> Isn't this what Fred Hoyle said? Hydrogen will condense out of space?
>
> Double-A
An initial star like our sun likely started off at 2.2e30 kg, quickly
getting rid of 2e29 kg worth of elements heavier than hydrogen and
helium within the first months or possibly even within the first few
days, whereas some (less than 10%) of that tossed or centrifugal
ejected mass became planets, moons, planetoids and assorted asteroids,
with a great extent of everything else sent packing as ISM blown away
by those initial solar winds of 3000 km/sec.
If the IGM offers ionized hydrogen, then it also has to offer helium
and pretty much a little of everything else to speak of, along with
more of the same arriving as stars explode.
5e11 galaxies, each producing 2 stars worth of SN per century
13e7 centuries X 2 = 2.6e8 X 5e11 = 1.3e20 MS
1.3e20 X 2e30 = 2.6e50 kg (many would likely round that up to 3e50 kg)
of ISM + IGM contributed to whatever was already available. BTW; most
SNs are those stars of much greater mass (10+ MS), so that’s yet
another tenfold multiplier of what’s getting dumped back into the ISM
and IGM, making the SN contributions worth 3e51 kg..
Supposedly it takes a minimum of 1e3 SM worth of molecular/nebula mass
in order to produce a given star, though many of astrophysics
expertise would also consider 1e6:1 as necessary for creating those
stars of greater mass than our sun, and of course the vast majority of
stars are those smaller and more red dwarf classified. So, probably
the average ratio of IGM and ISM per star is somewhat closer to 1e4:1
(possibly worth 1e5:1), and most of that original IGM+ISM by rights
should still be out there as ionized particles along with a great deal
lf rogue/nomad helium because that’s an element being continually
created on the fly.
Matter initially ejected from stars, as added to the existing
inventory of ISM and IGM gas, combined with ongoing stellar ejected
material, and that's seriously a lot of stellar mass released as ISM
and IGM in addition to the already substantial ISM and IGM of
molecular/nebula gas (mostly hydrogen and helium) that simply had to
already exist to a very large extent. So, as far as I can tell, if
anything our universe has too much mass to contend with, which
eventually is going to represent a very bad thing as galaxies upon
galaxies merge back into the likes of the relatively nearby Great
Attractor, whereas thousands of galaxies will merge and likely form
yet another hoard of quasars, like the Huge-LQG of 6.1e18 SM.
A little extra deep thought, is that without helium our planet would
be dead in the water, so to speak, and for the most part it seems that
our indoctrinated K-12s don’t even have a clue. Without that very
special element of helium, most of modern science, physics and medical
advancements couldn’t have happened, and if Earth suddenly ran itself
out of helium, we’d be in a world of hurt as well as our planet being
of less mass and a world measurably colder without an active
geothermal core of uranium and thorium necessary for creating helium.
In other brief words, an exoplanet w/o helium is likely a very dead
planet, or at best poorly advanced.
The OCO mission would have been a great help, but then it would have
also pointed out the artificial ventings and their enormous thermal
waste taking place, and Big Energy wanted none of that to come back
and bite them. Once again, our K-12s don’t have a clue, and by the
time they’re in charge, it’ll once again be too late.