"Space, Vacuum, and the Aether"
Alomor
(See also our sister website reticsessays.com)
In the 19th century space was understood to be a geometric construct
which was filled with a substance called the Aether and that allowed for the
propagation of electromagnetic energy by virtue of its observed properties.
"Empty" space has a dielectric constant, a magnetic permeability and a
characteristic impedance of 300 ohms. It was the dielectric constant and
permeability of space which allows the propagation of electromagnetic
radiation. Since that radiation was known to be in the form of a transverse
wave, the alleged Aether had to be a solid since such waves can not
propagate through a fluid. (This left us with the question as to how "solid"
matter could propagate though a "solid" Aether.)
At this point, attempts were made to measure our velocity through the
Aether by experiments such as the one conducted by Michealson and Morely.
The unexpected result was very disconcerting. No velocity change was
observed thoughout the the year evnen though the Earth's velocity vector
changed by 36 miles per second.
Two very inciteful men, Fitzgerald and Larmor, provided the solution.
Fitzgerald asserted that the matter, of which the test equipment was
composed changed its "absolute" length in proportion to the Lorentz
Transformation for Length, 1/(1-V^2/C^2)^0.5! Larmor then asserted that if
such a transformation applied to the yardsticks by which lengths were
measured, the reciprocal of that transformation, (1-V^2/C^2)^0.5 must apply
to the speed of clocks by which time was measured. The result was the
Lorentz Transformation-Aether Theory which had one unfortunate drawback, it
worked.
Two years later, Dr. Einstein published the Special Theory of
Relativity. This theory was derived mathematically and also worked. It
worked because in actuality, it was the Lorentz Transformation Aether Theory
stated differently. The only addition that Special Relativity provided was
the derivation of E=M*C^2 which, since that exprression was dereived almost
two decades earlier by J. J. Thomson using Maxwell's Equations, is falsely
attributed to Dr. Einstein.
Both the velocity relativity theories (Lorentz Transformation-Aether and
Special Relativity) had a unique characteristic. Since their transormations
were idnetical in form to the pythagoran theorem, any change in velocity
reference produced the same result as a rotation of axes on a "space-time"
diagram. It was possible therefore to ignore the possibility of the Aether
and consider that our reality was represented by an entity termed
"space-time". The Aether was deemed as no longer necessary, as indeed it
wasn't for calculation and observation purposes. Dr. Einstein warned against
what resulted by stating "remember gentlemen we have not disproven the
existence of the Aether, we have only proven we do not need it". (He is
reported to have maintained his belief in the Aether for 25 years ater he
published Special Relativity.)
In order to impose the idea that the Aether did not exist on
unconvinced physicists, a ridicule campaign was innaugerated which was pure
political propaganda. A belief in the existence of the Aether, which could
not be proven or disproven except as needed for other purposes, was
ridiculed as akin to a belief in "The Emporer's Clothes" and the
viciousness of academia won out. (Actually, Special Relativity provided the
information for a simple thought experiment which would show that an
absolute velocity reference must exist even though we can't observe it. If,
by magic perhaps. we could synchronize physically separated clocks,
comparing that synchronization with clocks synchronized by electromagnetic
radiation our unique absolute velocity woulD be immediately observeable! The
fact that such a velocity would be then be observeable means that it MUST
EXIST! The thought experiment shows that the Aether is required by Nature
even though it is hidden from experiment. Such a possibility should not be
upsetting since it has been provlen that within any closed system there is
at least one item of information which is not determinable from within the
system.
The rejection of the Aether does produce a difficulty. Empty space has
observeable properties (e.g.- dielectric constant, magnetic permreability,
characteristic impedance, a substrate for the imposition of the reaction
forces required for spatial acceleration and gravity by Newton's Third Law
[the present practice of considering these reaction forces as "fictitious"
is rather stupid]). In order to overcome this difficulty, physicists have
invented a new entity which they have named "the vacuum". This entity has
the identical properties initially ascribed to the Aether. In this,
physicsts are trying to have their cake and eat it. They wish to eliminate
the Aether by asserting that the geometric volume a space is filled with a
"vacuum" rather than the Aether. Siince the orginal idea behind the Aether
is that it is an entity which fills the geometric volume of space, why is
another entity invented and misleadingly called the "vacuum" been provided.
The answer is simple. Theoreticians require the Aether to make their
theories work but they don't dare use that name because it would destroy
their reputations in the highly political academic arena! It is time to stop
the crap, call the "vacuum" by its original name, the Aether.
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