Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial
Mark J Bolland, research fellow1, P Alan Barber, senior lecturer, Robert N Doughty, associate professor, Barbara Mason, research officer, Anne Horne, research fellow, Ruth Ames, research officer, Gregory D Gamble, research fellow, Andrew Grey, associate professor, Ian R Reid, professor
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of calcium supplementation on myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death in healthy postmenopausal women.
DESIGN: Randomised, placebo controlled trial.
SETTING: Academic medical centre in an urban setting in New Zealand.
PARTICIPANTS: 1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74): 732 were randomised to calcium supplementation and 739 to placebo.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse cardiovascular events over five years: death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, angina, other chest pain, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.
RESULTS: Myocardial infarction was more commonly reported in the calcium group than in the placebo group (45 events in 31 women v 19 events in 14 women, P=0.01). The composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death was also more common in the calcium group (101 events in 69 women v 54 events in 42 women, P=0.008). After adjudication myocardial infarction remained more common in the calcium group (24 events in 21 women v 10 events in 10 women, relative risk 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 4.47). For the composite end point 61 events were verified in 51 women in the calcium group and 36 events in 35 women in the placebo group (relative risk 1.47, 0.97 to 2.23). When unreported events were added from the national database of hospital admissions in New Zealand the relative risk of myocardial infarction was 1.49 (0.86 to 2.57) and that of the composite end point was 1.21 (0.84 to 1.74). The respective rate ratios were 1.67 (95% confidence intervals 0.98 to 2.87) and 1.43 (1.01 to 2.04); event rates: placebo 16.3/1000 person years, calcium 23.3/1000 person years. For stroke (including unreported events) the relative risk was 1.37 (0.83 to 2.28) and the rate ratio was 1.45 (0.88 to 2.49).
CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women is associated with upward trends in cardiovascular event rates. This potentially detrimental effect should be balanced against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
On Jan 16, 3:47 pm, Mark Thorson <nos...@sonic.net> wrote:
This topic needs some balance
> CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
FROM SAME STUDY
Because of the high incidence of vascular disease in postmenopausal women any effects of calcium supplements on vascular health could be as important in terms of their effects on morbidity and mortality as their effects on bone. Although no randomised controlled trials have been designed primarily to assess the effect of calcium supplementation on vascular event rates or deaths, secondary analyses of the women's health initiative study have recently shown no consistent effects in a population of average age 62.......
.......The present study has several limitations, principally its small size for a study with cardiovascular end points. The cohort comprised elderly (10% aged more than 80 at baseline) and white participants, so the findings are not necessarily generalisable to other ages and racial groups.
..........A much larger randomised controlled trial of the effect of calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation has recently been published by the women's health initiative investigators.14 This study of 36 000 women, followed over seven years, showed no overall effect of the supplements on cardiovascular event rates
.......The data on vascular events from a secondary, preplanned analysis of the Auckland calcium study are not conclusive but suggest that high calcium intakes might have an adverse effect on vascular health. The similarities between these findings and those from the dialysis literature suggest that this might be a particular concern in those with poor renal function, particularly elderly people. The subgroup analyses available within the women's health initiative would be consistent with this hypothesis......
> Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium > supplementation: randomised controlled trial
> Mark J Bolland, research fellow1, P Alan Barber, senior > lecturer, Robert N Doughty, associate professor, Barbara > Mason, research officer, Anne Horne, research fellow, > Ruth Ames, research officer, Gregory D Gamble, research > fellow, Andrew Grey, associate professor, Ian R Reid, > professor
> Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health > Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, > Auckland, New Zealand
> OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of calcium > supplementation on myocardial infarction, stroke, > and sudden death in healthy postmenopausal women.
> DESIGN: Randomised, placebo controlled trial.
> SETTING: Academic medical centre in an urban setting > in New Zealand.
> PARTICIPANTS: 1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74): > 732 were randomised to calcium supplementation and 739 > to placebo.
> MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse cardiovascular events > over five years: death, sudden death, myocardial > infarction, angina, other chest pain, stroke, > transient ischaemic attack, and a composite end point > of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.
> RESULTS: Myocardial infarction was more commonly > reported in the calcium group than in the placebo > group (45 events in 31 women v 19 events in 14 women, > P=0.01). The composite end point of myocardial > infarction, stroke, or sudden death was also more > common in the calcium group (101 events in 69 women > v 54 events in 42 women, P=0.008). After adjudication > myocardial infarction remained more common in the > calcium group (24 events in 21 women v 10 events > in 10 women, relative risk 2.12, 95% confidence > interval 1.01 to 4.47). For the composite end point > 61 events were verified in 51 women in the calcium > group and 36 events in 35 women in the placebo group > (relative risk 1.47, 0.97 to 2.23). When unreported > events were added from the national database of > hospital admissions in New Zealand the relative risk > of myocardial infarction was 1.49 (0.86 to 2.57) and > that of the composite end point was 1.21 (0.84 to > 1.74). The respective rate ratios were 1.67 (95% > confidence intervals 0.98 to 2.87) and 1.43 (1.01 to > 2.04); event rates: placebo 16.3/1000 person years, > calcium 23.3/1000 person years. For stroke > (including unreported events) the relative risk > was 1.37 (0.83 to 2.28) and the rate ratio was 1.45 > (0.88 to 2.49).
> CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
I believe that if calcium is not given with magnesium in the correct 3:1 ratio, and if either excessive or even inadequate vitamin D levels are not maintained, then there is the possiblity of calicium plaques developing within arteries. However, the risk:benefit trade-off of calcium supplemenatation favors the prevention and treatment of osteopoorosis, which has a significant mortality of its own.
> On Jan 16, 3:47 pm, Mark Thorson <nos...@sonic.net> wrote:
> This topic needs some balance
> > CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
> FROM SAME STUDY
> Because of the high incidence of vascular disease in postmenopausal > women any effects of calcium supplements on vascular health could be > as important in terms of their effects on morbidity and mortality as > their effects on bone. Although no randomised controlled trials have > been designed primarily to assess the effect of calcium > supplementation on vascular event rates or deaths, secondary analyses > of the women's health initiative study have recently shown no > consistent effects in a population of average age 62.......
> .......The present study has several limitations, principally its > small size for a study with cardiovascular end points. The cohort > comprised elderly (10% aged more than 80 at baseline) and white > participants, so the findings are not necessarily generalisable to > other ages and racial groups.
> ..........A much larger randomised controlled trial of the effect of > calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation has recently been > published by the women's health initiative investigators.14 This study > of 36 000 women, followed over seven years, showed no overall effect > of the supplements on cardiovascular event rates
> .......The data on vascular events from a secondary, preplanned > analysis of the Auckland calcium study are not conclusive but suggest > that high calcium intakes might have an adverse effect on vascular > health. The similarities between these findings and those from the > dialysis literature suggest that this might be a particular concern in > those with poor renal function, particularly elderly people. The > subgroup analyses available within the women's health initiative would > be consistent with this hypothesis......
> Thanks Vince
This is more proof that we cannot grind rock to a powder and expect our bodies to absorb and use it properly.
CaC03 is limestone. Why in the world should we believe that all we need to do is suck, or chew, on limestone to get our calcium needs met? Most likely, if it is even absorbed , it will precipitate other problems like calcification of our arteries, hardening of the skin and the setting of wrinkles, or brain disorders.
Humans need ORGANIC calcium, not INORGANIC calcium to meet their biological needs. When will the docs and the pharma flacks ever realize this and even admit it?
> CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
> Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium > supplementation: randomised controlled trial
> Mark J Bolland, research fellow1, P Alan Barber, senior > lecturer, Robert N Doughty, associate professor, Barbara > Mason, research officer, Anne Horne, research fellow, > Ruth Ames, research officer, Gregory D Gamble, research > fellow, Andrew Grey, associate professor, Ian R Reid, > professor
> Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health > Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, > Auckland, New Zealand
> OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of calcium > supplementation on myocardial infarction, stroke, > and sudden death in healthy postmenopausal women.
> DESIGN: Randomised, placebo controlled trial.
> SETTING: Academic medical centre in an urban setting > in New Zealand.
> PARTICIPANTS: 1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74): > 732 were randomised to calcium supplementation and 739 > to placebo.
> MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse cardiovascular events > over five years: death, sudden death, myocardial > infarction, angina, other chest pain, stroke, > transient ischaemic attack, and a composite end point > of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death.
> RESULTS: Myocardial infarction was more commonly > reported in the calcium group than in the placebo > group (45 events in 31 women v 19 events in 14 women, > P=0.01). The composite end point of myocardial > infarction, stroke, or sudden death was also more > common in the calcium group (101 events in 69 women > v 54 events in 42 women, P=0.008). After adjudication > myocardial infarction remained more common in the > calcium group (24 events in 21 women v 10 events > in 10 women, relative risk 2.12, 95% confidence > interval 1.01 to 4.47). For the composite end point > 61 events were verified in 51 women in the calcium > group and 36 events in 35 women in the placebo group > (relative risk 1.47, 0.97 to 2.23). When unreported > events were added from the national database of > hospital admissions in New Zealand the relative risk > of myocardial infarction was 1.49 (0.86 to 2.57) and > that of the composite end point was 1.21 (0.84 to > 1.74). The respective rate ratios were 1.67 (95% > confidence intervals 0.98 to 2.87) and 1.43 (1.01 to > 2.04); event rates: placebo 16.3/1000 person years, > calcium 23.3/1000 person years. For stroke > (including unreported events) the relative risk > was 1.37 (0.83 to 2.28) and the rate ratio was 1.45 > (0.88 to 2.49).
> CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
There are 12 essential cellsalts including calcium. If a person takes calcium only, their system gets out of balance.
In message <4f34507f-3211-43ef-9831-aa4a4f758...@e6g2000prf.googlegroups.com>, drcee...@insightbb.com wrote:
> CaC03 is limestone. Why in the world should we believe that all we > need to do is suck, or chew, on limestone to get our calcium needs > met? Most likely, if it is even absorbed , it will precipitate other > problems like calcification of our arteries, hardening of the skin and > the setting of wrinkles, or brain disorders.
> Humans need ORGANIC calcium, not INORGANIC calcium to meet their > biological needs. When will the docs and the pharma flacks ever > realize this and even admit it?
And you would propose to use -- which -- form of calcium?
(Yes, it's a trick question.)
-- | Bogus as it might seem, people, this really is a deliverable | | e-mail address. Of course, there isn't REALLY a lumber cartel. | | There isn't really a Santa Claus, but try www.santaclaus.com. | +--------------- D. C. Sessions <d...@lumbercartel.com> --------------+
On Jan 17, 7:04 am, "D. C. Sessions" <d...@lumbercartel.com> wrote:
> And you would propose to use -- which -- form of calcium? > (Yes, it's a trick question.)
Looking at Drcee's website, I found the following: "The Coleman Health and Lifestyle Center is a non-profit, religious organization which seeks to provide the reader with the knowledge that the CREATOR has provided TWO sets of laws governing our actions on this earth. One set of laws are concerned with the CREATOR while the second set (the natural laws) governs all that happens upon this Earth. We seek to provide data, information, and understanding of the NATURAL LAWS that govern our existence."
> On Jan 16, 5:01 pm, bigvince <Vince.Mirag...@gmail.com> wrote:
> > On Jan 16, 3:47 pm, Mark Thorson <nos...@sonic.net> wrote:
> > This topic needs some balance
> > > CONCLUSION: Calcium supplementation in healthy > > > postmenopausal women is associated with upward > > > trends in cardiovascular event rates. This > > > potentially detrimental effect should be balanced > > > against the likely benefits of calcium on bone.
> > FROM SAME STUDY
> > Because of the high incidence of vascular disease in postmenopausal > > women any effects of calcium supplements on vascular health could be > > as important in terms of their effects on morbidity and mortality as > > their effects on bone. Although no randomised controlled trials have > > been designed primarily to assess the effect of calcium > > supplementation on vascular event rates or deaths, secondary analyses > > of the women's health initiative study have recently shown no > > consistent effects in a population of average age 62.......
> > .......The present study has several limitations, principally its > > small size for a study with cardiovascular end points. The cohort > > comprised elderly (10% aged more than 80 at baseline) and white > > participants, so the findings are not necessarily generalisable to > > other ages and racial groups.
> > ..........A much larger randomised controlled trial of the effect of > > calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplementation has recently been > > published by the women's health initiative investigators.14 This study > > of 36 000 women, followed over seven years, showed no overall effect > > of the supplements on cardiovascular event rates
> > .......The data on vascular events from a secondary, preplanned > > analysis of the Auckland calcium study are not conclusive but suggest > > that high calcium intakes might have an adverse effect on vascular > > health. The similarities between these findings and those from the > > dialysis literature suggest that this might be a particular concern in > > those with poor renal function, particularly elderly people. The > > subgroup analyses available within the women's health initiative would > > be consistent with this hypothesis......
> > Thanks Vince
> This is more proof that we cannot grind rock to a powder and expect > our bodies to absorb and use it properly.
> CaC03 is limestone. Why in the world should we believe that all we > need to do is suck, or chew, on limestone to get our calcium needs > met? Most likely, if it is even absorbed , it will precipitate other > problems like calcification of our arteries, hardening of the skin and > the setting of wrinkles, or brain disorders.
> Humans need ORGANIC calcium, not INORGANIC calcium to meet their > biological needs. When will the docs and the pharma flacks ever > realize this and even admit it?
> DrCee
First, limestone by way of hard water is an ancient calcium source. Second, since the invention of grain flour and the use of limestone grindstones, calcium carbonate has been added directly to a foods stuff even if unintentionally.
