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ironjustice
May 4, 2013, 11:10:48 PM5/4/13
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Neurodegeneration: Metallostasis and Proteostasis
Danilo Milardi and Enrico Rizzarelli (editors)
Copyright Year:2011
ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
2012 03 04 jo...@ncad.net
Since Alois Alzheimer described the results of his postmortem studies
in 1906, significant strides have been made in understanding the
pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
The latest advances suggest that deficiencies in protein homeostasis,
or proteostasis, may lead to cell dysfunction and disease.
This book updates the new key developments in this fast moving field.
The traditional views concerning the relationship between the physio-
pathological cycles of Copper, Zinc, Iron, Aluminium and the evolution
of life, are compared with the new emerging ideas in the neuroscience
of metal ions. Topics covered emphasize the importance of metals and
oxydation chemistry to neuroscientists as well as providing a wider,
multidisciplinary background to chemists who are attracted by these
fascinating subjects.
Chapter 8 -
Biological Metals: Metallostasis and Alzheimer's Disease
A. Rembach, J. A. Duce, L. A. O’Sullivan, R. E. Tanzi and A. I. Bush
ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
DOI:10.1039/9781849733014-00152
Abstract
The equilibrium of metal ions is critical for many physiological
functions, particularly in the central nervous system, where metals
are essential for development and maintenance of enzymatic activities,
mitochondrial function, myelination and neurotransmission, as well as
learning and memory. Due to their importance, cells have evolved a
complex machinery for controlling metal-ion homeostasis. However,
disruption of these mechanisms, leading to metallostasis, or
absorption of detrimental metals with no known biological function,
alters the ionic balance and can result in a disease state, such as
those of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's
disease. Understanding the complex structural and functional
interactions of metal ions with the various intracellular and
extracellular components of the central nervous system, under normal
conditions and during neurodegeneration, is essential for the
development of effective therapies. Accordingly, assisting the balance
of metal ions back to homeostatic levels has been proposed as a
disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease as well
as other neurodegenerative diseases.
Chapter 9 - The Role of Iron in Neurodegeneration
F. A. Zucca, F. A. Cupaioli and L. Zecca
DOI:10.1039/9781849733014-00174
Abstract
Iron has a double effect on cells: it is an essential element required
for many biological reactions but, on the other hand, its excess could
be toxic, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species. In
this review we discuss how different cell types manage iron
homeostasis in order to provide iron where it is needed and avoiding
its toxicity. Iron management in the body starts at the level of its
absorption through enterocytes, but also involves its utilization in
erythroid cells, storage/mobilization in hepatocytes and recycling
from macrophages. The maintenance of appropriate iron homeostasis is
also important for brain cells. Here we review more recent hypotheses
on mechanisms of brain iron homeostasis under normal conditions: how
iron is imported from the blood circulation, redistributed through the
brain and stored in neurons and other cells of the central nervous
system is described carefully.
However, iron accumulation and overload in the brain is commonly
associated with
neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's
diseases (AD): iron accumulates in specific brain regions targeted by
these severe diseases, increasing the oxidative-induced neuronal
vulnerability. The major risk factor for AD and PD remains brain
aging, while genetic components account only for a minor part of these
diseases. Iron increases with aging in several brain regions.
Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in iron, leading to iron
accumulation, occur in other diseases such as neuroferritinopathy,
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Friedreich's ataxia
and aceruloplasminemia. Molecular understanding of iron accumulation
in normal, aged and pathological brain may be helpful in identifying
new pharmacological targets to improve iron management.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
Danilo Milardi and Enrico Rizzarelli (editors)
Copyright Year:2011
ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
2012 03 04 jo...@ncad.net
Since Alois Alzheimer described the results of his postmortem studies
in 1906, significant strides have been made in understanding the
pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
The latest advances suggest that deficiencies in protein homeostasis,
or proteostasis, may lead to cell dysfunction and disease.
This book updates the new key developments in this fast moving field.
The traditional views concerning the relationship between the physio-
pathological cycles of Copper, Zinc, Iron, Aluminium and the evolution
of life, are compared with the new emerging ideas in the neuroscience
of metal ions. Topics covered emphasize the importance of metals and
oxydation chemistry to neuroscientists as well as providing a wider,
multidisciplinary background to chemists who are attracted by these
fascinating subjects.
Chapter 8 -
Biological Metals: Metallostasis and Alzheimer's Disease
A. Rembach, J. A. Duce, L. A. O’Sullivan, R. E. Tanzi and A. I. Bush
ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
DOI:10.1039/9781849733014-00152
Abstract
The equilibrium of metal ions is critical for many physiological
functions, particularly in the central nervous system, where metals
are essential for development and maintenance of enzymatic activities,
mitochondrial function, myelination and neurotransmission, as well as
learning and memory. Due to their importance, cells have evolved a
complex machinery for controlling metal-ion homeostasis. However,
disruption of these mechanisms, leading to metallostasis, or
absorption of detrimental metals with no known biological function,
alters the ionic balance and can result in a disease state, such as
those of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's
disease. Understanding the complex structural and functional
interactions of metal ions with the various intracellular and
extracellular components of the central nervous system, under normal
conditions and during neurodegeneration, is essential for the
development of effective therapies. Accordingly, assisting the balance
of metal ions back to homeostatic levels has been proposed as a
disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease as well
as other neurodegenerative diseases.
Chapter 9 - The Role of Iron in Neurodegeneration
F. A. Zucca, F. A. Cupaioli and L. Zecca
DOI:10.1039/9781849733014-00174
Abstract
Iron has a double effect on cells: it is an essential element required
for many biological reactions but, on the other hand, its excess could
be toxic, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species. In
this review we discuss how different cell types manage iron
homeostasis in order to provide iron where it is needed and avoiding
its toxicity. Iron management in the body starts at the level of its
absorption through enterocytes, but also involves its utilization in
erythroid cells, storage/mobilization in hepatocytes and recycling
from macrophages. The maintenance of appropriate iron homeostasis is
also important for brain cells. Here we review more recent hypotheses
on mechanisms of brain iron homeostasis under normal conditions: how
iron is imported from the blood circulation, redistributed through the
brain and stored in neurons and other cells of the central nervous
system is described carefully.
However, iron accumulation and overload in the brain is commonly
associated with
neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's
diseases (AD): iron accumulates in specific brain regions targeted by
these severe diseases, increasing the oxidative-induced neuronal
vulnerability. The major risk factor for AD and PD remains brain
aging, while genetic components account only for a minor part of these
diseases. Iron increases with aging in several brain regions.
Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in iron, leading to iron
accumulation, occur in other diseases such as neuroferritinopathy,
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Friedreich's ataxia
and aceruloplasminemia. Molecular understanding of iron accumulation
in normal, aged and pathological brain may be helpful in identifying
new pharmacological targets to improve iron management.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
John H. Gohde
May 5, 2013, 9:08:01 AM5/5/13
to
On May 4, 11:10 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...@rock.com> wrote:
> Neurodegeneration: Metallostasis and Proteostasis
> Danilo Milardi and Enrico Rizzarelli (editors)
> Copyright Year:2011
> ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
> 2012 03 04 j...@ncad.net
> Neurodegeneration: Metallostasis and Proteostasis
> Danilo Milardi and Enrico Rizzarelli (editors)
> Copyright Year:2011
> ISBN: 978-1-84973-301-4
Books are dead.
Iron is dead.
ironjustice is a Nut-Job.
Just my opinion, but moi is always Correct. :)
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