LYMErix saves eyesight ("CNS regeneration")
Mort Zuckerman
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Subject: LYMErix saves eyesight ("CNS regeneration")
Date: Aug 23, 2009 10:35 PM
OspA-induced immunosuppression and
"Epstein-Barr like" immortalization:
http://www.actionlyme.org/Pam3Cys_Version15.htm
Awesome (can't tell the mechanisms, here, because
the full text is unavailable):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=19661221[uid]
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print]Links
Intravitreal application of the Toll-like receptor 2 agonist
Pam3Cys stimulates axon regeneration in the mature optic nerve.
Hauk TG, Leibinger M, Müller A, Andreadaki N, Knippschild U,
Fischer D.
Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
PURPOSE: Following injury of the optic nerve mature retinal
ganglion cells (RGCs) are normally unable to regenerate axons and
undergo apoptosis. However, inflammatory stimulation in the eye
induced by the release of beta/gamma-crystallins from the injured lens
or intravitreal zymosan injection transforms RGCs into an active
regenerative state, protecting these neurons from cell death and
allowing them to regenerate axons back into the optic nerve. METHODS:
Here, we tested whether intravitreal application of the selective,
water-soluble toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist Pam3Cys can delay
axotomized RGC cell death and stimulate the regeneration of axons
using in vivo and in vitro paradigma. RESULTS: As lens injury (LI),
intravitreal injection of Pam3Cys induced the upregulation of CNTF and
GFAP expression in retinal glia accompanied by the activation of the
JAK/STAT3 pathway in RGCs. As a consequence, RGCs switched into a
regenerative state indicated by a significant upregulation of GAP43
expression and increased neurite outgrowth of RGCs in culture. In
vivo, repeated intravitreal Pam3Cys application induced
neuroprotective effects and caused stronger axon regeneration into the
injured optic nerve than observed after LI. CONCLUSION: Pam3Cys may be
a suitable agent for stimulating CNS regeneration.
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