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Alveolar macrophages in diabetes: friends or foes?
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Immanuel kant
May 22, 2012, 4:51:54 PM5/22/12
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Leukoc Biol. 2012 Mar 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Alveolar macrophages in diabetes: friends or foes?
Sunahara KK, Martins JO.
SourceLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and
Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of São
Paulo University (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
AMs constitute an important bridge between innate and adaptive
immunity. AMs patrol the lungs against pathogens, remove senescent
cells, and help repair tissue. AM function is altered in many
diseases, including DM, where AM abnormal immune responses may worsen
infections or lead to exacerbation of inflammatory reactions. In vivo
experimental models have greatly contributed to our knowledge of AM
function. Studies have shown that during hyperglycemic states, the
phagocytic function of AMs and the expression of adhesion molecules
may be altered, interfering with the recruitment of immune cells to
the inflammatory site. Insulin treatment seems to recover the normal
function of impaired AMs. However, much research is still needed to
characterize AMs and to better understand their role in inflammation
and infection, particularly in diabetic patients. In this review, we
attempt to explore recently accumulated knowledge about AM function
and how this function is deficient in DM. Additionally, AM
polarization is compared briefly with that of T cells, and this may
interfere with how immune response is driven. This review discusses
how impaired AMs lead to an aberrant immune response that contributes
to worsening infection and autoimmunity, opening up discussion for
future work in the field.
PMID: 22422924
Alveolar macrophages in diabetes: friends or foes?
Sunahara KK, Martins JO.
SourceLaboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and
Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of São
Paulo University (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
AMs constitute an important bridge between innate and adaptive
immunity. AMs patrol the lungs against pathogens, remove senescent
cells, and help repair tissue. AM function is altered in many
diseases, including DM, where AM abnormal immune responses may worsen
infections or lead to exacerbation of inflammatory reactions. In vivo
experimental models have greatly contributed to our knowledge of AM
function. Studies have shown that during hyperglycemic states, the
phagocytic function of AMs and the expression of adhesion molecules
may be altered, interfering with the recruitment of immune cells to
the inflammatory site. Insulin treatment seems to recover the normal
function of impaired AMs. However, much research is still needed to
characterize AMs and to better understand their role in inflammation
and infection, particularly in diabetic patients. In this review, we
attempt to explore recently accumulated knowledge about AM function
and how this function is deficient in DM. Additionally, AM
polarization is compared briefly with that of T cells, and this may
interfere with how immune response is driven. This review discusses
how impaired AMs lead to an aberrant immune response that contributes
to worsening infection and autoimmunity, opening up discussion for
future work in the field.
PMID: 22422924
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