Type II diabetes from nicotinamide overload?
Kofi
diabetics are somewhat deficient in Mo.
Any comments on the risks of nicotinamide/niacinamide supplementation?
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091222105449.htm
Is Nicotinamide Overload a Trigger for Type 2 Diabetes?
ScienceDaily (Dec. 24, 2009) � Facing the increasing prevalence of type
2 diabetes worldwide in the past few decades, one may ask what is wrong
with humans. Geneticists tell us that the human genome has not changed
markedly in such a short time. Therefore, something must be happening in
our environment or diet. As a matter of fact, dietary pattern is known
to be closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. The
increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes following worldwide food
fortification with niacin suggests that type 2 diabetes may involve
excessive niacin intake.
A research article to be published on December 7, 2009 in the World
Journal of Gastroenterology addresses the association between
nicotinamide overload and type 2 diabetes. The study revealed that
diabetic patients have a slow nicotinamide metabolism and thus require a
longer time to clear up excess nicotinamide metabolites within the body.
High nicotinamide intake may lead to an increase the generation of
reactive oxygen species, and subsequent oxidative stress and insulin
resistance, both being the major features of type 2 diabetes. Liver is
the main organ responsible for nicotinamide detoxification. This study
found that liver-injury-inducing drugs may reduce nicotinamide
detoxification and thus impair glucose tolerance.
Most interestingly and importantly, this study demonstrates that
sweating is an effective way for expelling excess nicotinamide from the
body. The findings from this study may help explain a wide variety of
well-documented but poorly understood phenomena in diabetes, such as
lifestyle-triggered diabetes, liver-disease-related abnormal glucose
metabolism, post-burn insulin resistance, and seasonal diabetes.
Nowadays, the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes may be due to both too
much niacin in our foods and too little excretion through our sweat
glands. The so-called gene-environment interaction in type 2 diabetes
may actually be the outcome of the association of excess niacin intake
and relatively low detoxification and excretion from the body, says lead
author Dr. Shi-Sheng Zhou, Professor of the Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences of Dalian University.
Historically, niacin deficiency was restricted mainly to those with poor
nutrition who performed heavy industrial labor. Hence, this study gives
rise to an important social and public health issue whether foods need
to be fortified with niacin any more, when the people in developed
countries have already been living in an age of over-nutrition. The
authors found that reducing nicotinamide intake and facilitating the
excretion of nicotinamide metabolites may be a useful preventive and
therapeutic intervention in type 2 diabetes.
The peer reviewers stated that it is an interesting study with human and
experimental data, which investigated a clinically relevant issue, and
gave an insight into the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
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Story Source:
Adapted from materials provided by World Journal of Gastroenterology,
via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
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Journal Reference:
1. Zhou SS, Li D, Sun WP, Guo M, Lun YZ, Zhou YM, Xiao FC, Jing LX, Sun
SX, Zhang LB, Luo N, Bian FN, Zou W, Dong LB, Zhao ZG, Li SF, Gong XJ,
Yu ZG, Sun CB, Zheng CL, Jiang DJ, Li ZN. Nicotinamide overload may play
a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol,
2009; 15(45): 5674-5684
World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Dec 7;15(45):5674-84. Related Articles,
References for this PMC Article, Free in PMC, LinkOut
��
Nicotinamide overload may play a role in the development of type 2
diabetes.
Zhou SS, Li D, Sun WP, Guo M, Lun YZ, Zhou YM, Xiao FC, Jing LX, Sun SX,
Zhang LB, Luo N, Bian FN, Zou W, Dong LB, Zhao ZG, Li SF, Gong XJ, Yu
ZG, Sun CB, Zheng CL, Jiang DJ, Li ZN.
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Dalian University,
Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
AIM: To investigate whether nicotinamide overload plays a role in type 2
diabetes. METHODS: Nicotinamide metabolic patterns of 14 diabetic and 14
non-diabetic subjects were compared using HPLC. Cumulative effects of
nicotinamide and N(1)-methylnicotinamide on glucose metabolism, plasma
H(2)O(2) levels and tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
contents of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were observed. The role of human
sweat glands and rat skin in nicotinamide metabolism was investigated
using sauna and burn injury, respectively. RESULTS: Diabetic subjects
had significantly higher plasma N(1)-methylnicotinamide levels 5 h after
a 100-mg nicotinamide load than the non-diabetic subjects (0.89 +/- 0.13
micromol/L vs 0.6 +/- 0.13 micromol/L, P < 0.001). Cumulative doses of
nicotinamide (2 g/kg) significantly increased rat plasma
N(1)-methylnicotinamide concentrations associated with severe insulin
resistance, which was mimicked by N(1)-methylnicotinamide. Moreover,
cumulative exposure to N(1)-methylnicotinamide (2 g/kg) markedly reduced
rat muscle and liver NAD contents and erythrocyte NAD/NADH ratio, and
increased plasma H(2)O(2) levels. Decrease in NAD/NADH ratio and
increase in H(2)O(2) generation were also observed in human erythrocytes
after exposure to N(1)-methylnicotinamide in vitro. Sweating eliminated
excessive nicotinamide (5.3-fold increase in sweat nicotinamide
concentration 1 h after a 100-mg nicotinamide load). Skin damage or
aldehyde oxidase inhibition with tamoxifen or olanzapine, both being
notorious for impairing glucose tolerance, delayed
N(1)-methylnicotinamide clearance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest
that nicotinamide overload, which induced an increase in plasma
N(1)-methylnicotinamide, associated with oxidative stress and insulin
resistance, plays a role in type 2 diabetes.
Publication Types:
* Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PMID: 19960564
Kofi
would generate more controversy.
<http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091222105307.htm>
Good Cholesterol Not as Protective in People With Type 2 Diabetes
ScienceDaily (Dec. 24, 2009) � High-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as
"good" cholesterol, isn't as protective for people with type 2 diabetes,
according to research reported in Circulation: Journal of the American
Heart Association.
HDL carries cholesterol out of the arteries, and high levels are
associated with a lower risk of heart disease. HDL also helps protect
blood vessels by reducing the production of damaging chemicals,
increasing the vessels' ability to expand, and repairing damage to the
vessel lining.
Researchers at the University Hospital Zurich and the Medical School of
Hannover in Germany and Switzerland compared the vessel-protecting
action of HDL taken from 10 healthy adults with that of 33 patients who
had type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, a condition that includes
having low HDL levels (under 40 mg/dL in men and 50mg/dL in women). The
diabetes patients were taking cholesterol-lowering medication. In
laboratory testing, investigators found that the protective benefits on
blood vessels were "substantially impaired" in HDL from the diabetic
patients.
The diabetics were then randomized to receive either a placebo or
extended-release niacin (1500 milligrams/day), a medication that raises
HDL cholesterol while reducing other blood fats. After three months,
patients receiving extended-release niacin had increased HDL levels, and
markedly improved protective functions of HDL in laboratory testing as
well as improved vascular function.
However, because of the sample size and other factors that can't be
excluded, more research is needed to determine if niacin should be
recommended for diabetic patients.
Co-lead authors are Sajoscha A. Sorrentino, M.D., and Christian Besler,
M.D. Ulf Landmesser, M.D., is the senior and corresponding author.
Pramesh Rutaji
results in smaller LDL particle size and smaller HDL particle types.
While HDL and LDL can be identical between two people, one's HDL and LDL
can be substantially better than another's. Higher blood glucose levels
and/or perhaps higher fasting blood insulin levels lowers LDL quality.
Extended release Niacin is NOT as effective at increasing LDL particle
size nor is it as effective in increasing HDL as regular Niacin.
--
Pramesh Rutaji
p297ton...@newsguy.com - remove tongue to reply