Sorry for not sending anything related to this group but it might be
something new to you.
CONCEPT OF GOD IN ISLAM
It is a known fact that every language has one or more terms that are
used in reference to God and sometimes to lesser deities. This is not
the case with Allah. Allah is the personal name of the One true God.
Nothing else can be called Allah. The term has no plural or gender.
This shows its uniqueness when compared with the word god which can be
made plural, gods, or feminine, goddess. It is interesting to notice
that Allah is the personal name of God in Aramaic, the language of
Jesus and a sister language of Arabic. The One true God is a
reflection of the unique concept that Islam associates with God. To a
Muslim, Allah is the Almighty, Creator and Sustainer of the universe,
Who is similar to nothing and nothing is comparable to Him. The
Prophet Muhammad was asked by his contemporaries about Allah; the
answer came directly from God Himself in the form of a short chapter
of the Quran, which is considered the essence of the unity or the
motto of monotheism. This is chapter 112 which reads:

"In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Say (O Muhammad)
He is God the One God, the Everlasting Refuge, who has not begotten,
nor has been begotten, and equal to Him is not anyone."

Some non Muslims allege that God in Islam is a stern and cruel God who
demands to be obeyed fully. He is not loving and kind. Nothing can be
farther from truth than this allegation. It is enough to know that,
with the exception of one, each of the 114 chapters of the Quran
begins with the verse: "In the name of God, the Merciful, the
Compassionate." In one of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) we
are told that "God is more loving and kinder than a mother to her dear
child." But God is also Just. Hence evildoers and sinners must have
their share of punishment and the virtuous, His bounties and favors.
Actually God’s attribute of Mercy has full manifestation in His
attribute of Justice. People suffering throughout their lives for His
sake and people oppressing and exploiting other people all their lives
should not receive similar treatment from their Lord. Expecting
similar treatment for them will amount to negating the very belief in
the accountability of man in the Hereafter and thereby negating all
the incentives for a moral and virtuous life in this world. The
following Quranic verses are very clear and straightforward in this
respect:

"Verily, for the Righteous are gardens of Delight, in the Presence of
their Lord. Shall We then treat the people of Faith like the people of
Sin? What is the matter with you? How judge you?" (68:34-36)

Islam rejects characterizing God in any human form or depicting Him as
favoring certain individuals or nations on the basis of wealth, power
or race. He created the human beings as equals. They may distinguish
themselves and get His favor through virtue and piety only. The
concept that God rested in the seventh day of creation, that God
wrestled with one of His soldiers, that God is an envious plotter
against mankind, or that God is incarnate in any human being are
considered blasphemy from the Islamic point of view. The unique usage
of Allah as a personal name of God is a reflection of Islam’s emphasis
on the purity of the belief in God which is the essence of the message
of all God’s messengers. Because of this, Islam considers associating
any deity or personality with God as a deadly sin which God will never
forgive, despite the fact He may forgive all other sins.
The Creator must be of a different nature from the things created
because if he is of the same nature as they are, he will be temporal
and will therefore need a maker. It follows that nothing is like Him.
If the maker is not temporal, then he must be eternal. But if he is
eternal, he cannot be caused, and if nothing outside him causes him to
continue to exist, which means that he must be Self-Sufficient. And if
He does not depend on anything for the continuance of His own
existence, then this existence can have no end. The Creator is
therefore eternal and everlasting: ‘He is the First and the Last.’ He
is Self-Sufficient or Self-Subsistent or, to use a Quranic term, Al-
Qayyum. The Creator does not create only in the sense of bringing
things into being, He also preserves them and takes them out of
existence and is the ultimate cause of whatever happens to them.
"God is the Creator of everything. He is the guardian over everything.
Unto Him belong the keys of the heavens and the earth." (39:62, 63)
"No creature is there crawling on the earth, but its provision rests
on God. He knows its lodging place and its repository." (11:6)

GOD’S ATTRIBUTES
If the Creator is Eternal and Everlasting, then His attributes must
also be eternal and everlasting. He should not lose any of His
attributes nor acquire new ones. If this is so, then His attributes
are absolute. Can there be more than one Creator with such absolute
attributes? Can there be for example, two absolutely powerful
Creators? A moment’s thought shows that this is not feasible. The
Quran summarizes this argument in the following verses:
"God has not taken to Himself any son, nor is there any god with Him:
For then each god would have taken of that which he created and some
of them would have risen up over others." (23:91)
And Why, were there gods in earth and heaven other than God, they
(heaven and earth) would surely go to ruin." (21:22)

THE ONENESS OF GOD
The Quran reminds us of the falsity of all alleged gods. To the
worshippers of man-made objects, it asks:
"Do you worship what you have carved yourself?" (37:95) "Or have you
taken unto you others beside Him to be your protectors, even such as
have no power either for good or for harm to themselves?" (13:16)

To the worshippers of heavenly bodies it cites the story of Abraham:
"When night outspread over him he say a star and said, ‘This is my
Lord.’ But when it set he said, ‘I love not the setters.’ When he saw
the moon rising, he said, ‘This is my Lord.’ But when it set he said,
‘If my Lord does not guide me I shall surely be of the people gone
astray.’ When he say the sun rising, he said, ‘This is my Lord; this
is greater.’ But when it set he said, ‘O my people, surely I quit that
which you associate, I have turned my face to Him Who originated the
heavens and the earth; a man of pure faith, I am not of the
idolaters.’" (6:76-79)

THE BELIEVER’S ATTITUDE
In order to be a Muslim, i.e., to surrender oneself to God, it is
necessary to believe in the oneness of God, in the sense of His being
the only Creator, Preserver, Nourisher, etc. But this belief – later
on called "Tawhid Ar-Rububiyyah is not enough." Many of the idolaters
knew and believed that only the Supreme God could do all this. but
that was not enough to make them Muslims. To tawhid ar-rububiyyah one
must add tawhid al’uluhiyyah, i.e., one acknowledges the fact that is
God alone Who deserves to be worshipped, and thus abstains from
worshipping any other thing or being. Having achieved this knowledge
of the one true God, man should constantly have faith in Him, and
should allow nothing to induce him to deny truth. When faith enters a
person’s heart, it causes certain mental states which result in
certain actions. Taken together these mental states and actions are
the proof for the true faith. The Prophet said,
"Faith is that which resides firmly in the heart and which is proved
by deeds."

Foremost among those mental states is the feeling of gratitude towards
God, which could be said to be the essence of ‘ibada’ (worship). The
feeling of gratitude is so important that a non-believer is called
‘kafir,’ which means ‘one who denies a truth’ and also ‘one who is
ungrateful.’ A believer loves, and is grateful to God for the bounties
He bestowed upon him, but being aware of the fact that his good deeds,
whether mental or physical, are far from being commensurate with
Divine favors, he is always anxious lest God should punish him, here
or in the Hereafter. He, therefore, fears Him, surrenders himself to
Him and serves Him with great humility. One cannot be in such a mental
state without being almost all the time mindful of God. Remembering
God is thus the life force of faith, without which it fades and
withers away. The Quran tries to promote this feeling of gratitude by
repeating the attributes of God very frequently. We find most of these
attributes mentioned together in the following verses of the Quran:
"He is God; there is no god but He, He is the Knower of the unseen and
the visible; He is the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. He is God,
there is no God but He. He is the King, the All-Holy, the All-Peace,
the Guardian of Faith, the All-Preserver, the All-Mighty, the All-
Compeller, the All-Sublime. Glory be to God, above that they
associate! He is God the Creator, the Maker, the Shaper. To Him belong
the Names Most Beautiful. All that is in the heavens and the earth
magnifies Him; He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise." (59:22-24)
"There is no god but He, the Living, the Everlasting. Slumber seizes
Him not, neither sleep; to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and
the earth. Who is there that shall intercede with Him save by His
leave? He knows what lies before them and what is after them, and they
comprehend not anything of His knowledge save such as He wills. His
throne comprises the heavens and earth; the preserving of them
oppresses Him not; He is the All-High, the All-Glorious." (2:255)
"People of the Book, go not beyond the bounds in your religion, and
say not as to God but the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was
only the Messenger of God, and His Word that He committed to Mary, and
a ...

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the word alla:h in Arabic has grammtical gender, but in Islam, God
does not have the attributes of biological sex. one cannot for
example, call God "Our Father". (such was put in the mouth of Ibn
Fadlan by Antonio Banderas inthe film "The Thriteenth Warrior" - I
remeber that line in the novel).

Arabic has two genders - called masculine and feminine - which
default, when a sexual being is being discussed to male and female
beings.  But there are lots of exceptions and special cases.

In the Qur'an Allah has concord as though it were a singular masculine
name and the singular masculine pronoun is often applied to "him".
But sex is never attributed to Allah. Calling him father is a
particularly stupid error because one of the prime tenets of Islam is
that Allah does not begat.  To recognize Allah as a father would be to
fall into the Christian trap.  But daughters would be no better than
sons because the main pagan opposition to Muhammad seems to have been
made up of worshippers of the "Daughters of Allah" - Manat. Lat and al-
Uzzah.

So far as I know no one has ever dared suggest that maybe Allah was
feminine.

(quote)

Hebrew El and Elohim, Lord in the English translation,
Arabic Allah and Greek logos have the same Magdalenian
origin,  )  or L or  )OG or LOG for the one who has the say,
building a bridge over the wide and deep trench between
the Muslims who believe in Allah and western civilization
based on logos. Furthermore, the Magdalenian hieroglyph
representing  )OG or LOG is attributed to a goddess on
the female central pillar of temple D on the Göbekli Tepe,
11,600 years old, an oval between a pair of vertical strokes,
representing the open mouth of a priestess of the fire giver
PIR GID standing between the central pillars of temple D
and giving a talk, also representing the goddess in the act
of calling the world into existence:

   http://www.seshat.ch/home/gt01.GIF

The inscription on the 'throat' of the female central pillar
reads

   )OG BIR AC CA   or  LOG BIR ACCA

origin of Genesis 1:1 in the Bible. In the begin was the word,
and the word was with the fire giver PIR GID who called out
to her sister the fur giver BIR GID. This one took hold of her
cosmic fur BIR and scopped the primeval hill BIR LAD, the
hill LAD in the fur BIR, out of the cosmic sea. Now the fire
giver PIR GID called out to her sister the fertility giver BRI GID.
This one took the BIR LAD werald world and shaped it into
a ring, separating the hole of the sky CA from the ring of the
primeval earth AC. In the hole appeared a male face, the
sky god AAR RAA NOS whose eyes were moon and sun,
lit by the fire giver PIR GID. The name of the sky god means:
mind NOS of the one composed of air AAR and light RAA.
He is visualized ex negativo by the big limestone ring
on the Göbekli Tepe:

   http://www.seshat.ch/home/ouranos.JPG

GIS BAL CA MmOS  GISh.BIL.GA.MISh  Gilgamesh,
gesturing GIS hot(headed) BAL heavenly CA offspring MmOS
broke open the ring, freeing AAR RAA NOS, flattened the earth
AC and turned the former hole of the ring into the vast sky CA
above the now flat earth, whereupon AD DA MAN created
river beds by digging channels with his right hand MAN,
thus making the water flow toward AD one place while coming
from DA another place - AD DA being a generic formula for
a river. AD DA MAN Adam separated land from water, he
became the first farmer irrigating the fields (agriculture was
invented in the era and area of the Göbekli Tepe). Now the
fertility giver BRI GID planted her seeds of life, the fire giver
PIR GID warmed the ground, and all sorts of plants and
animals emerged from the soil and from niches and clefts
in the rock and populated all realms of the world ...

The three goddesses or their actions are present in the
hieroglyphic inscription on the 'throat' of the female central
pillar of temple D, the fur bag of BIR GID in form of a 'bowl'.
That this 'bowl' can really be read as BIR for fur found an
unexpected confirmation when the lower part of the pillar
was excavated not long ago, revealing the fur of a fox
going over into the 'bowl'. And the emblems of the male
trinity are combined to a peculiar bucranium on the 'throat'
of the male central pillar of temple D, sort of a ring for
AAR RAA NOS, head of the bull, a horizontal bar for the
earth flattened by GIS BAL CA MmOS, and the horns of the
bull turned down for AD DA MAN, reminding of the horns
used as digging sticks and for digging channels by Adam,
the first farmer.

Here is how to lead a scientific discussion. Either focus
on a claim of mine you find utter nonsense, or then go
for one of my four Magdalenian test cases:

bear as the furry one
versus
bear as the brown one

In my opinion, English bear goes back to Magdalenian
BIR meaning fur, especially the fur on which a newborn
was placed, preferably the fur of a bear, provider of the
best fur, thick, longhaired, soft and warm

deus theos / Zeus
versus
deus Zeus / theos

In my opinion, Latin deus and Greek theos derive from
Magdalenian DhAG meaning able, good in the sense
of able, whereas Zeus derives from TYR meaning
overcomer, as verb to overcome in the double sense
of rule and give, emphatic Middle Helladic Sseyr
(Phaistos Disc, Derk Ohlenroth) Doric Sseus (Wilhelm
Larfeld) Homeric Zeus

Avestan aspa and Sankrit asva for horse go back to
Magdalenian AS PAC, whith the inversion PAC AS
emphatic PAC AS AS accounting for Pegasos Pegasus,
personification of the summer wind Afghanetz blowing
from the Aral Sea to the Hindu Kush, while AC PAS
accounts for PIE *h1ekwos Greek hippos Latin equus
and for the name of the Gallo-Roman horse goddess
Epona
versus
*h1ekwos hippos equus aspa asva

AS means upward, PAC means horse, AC means an
expanse of land with water, and PAS means everywhere
in a plain, here, south and north of me, east and west
of me. AS PAC names the horse that carries goods and
a rider upwards, while AC PAS names the horse as
the animal that carries you everywhere PAS on earth AC.
The compounds AS PAC and AC PAS are phonetically
close but semantically different, and so the Avestan and
Sanskrit words for horse have not the same origin as the
Greek and Latin words; aspa asva and hippos equus
go back to different compounds

the banks of the Amu Darya were the first Indo-European
homeland, its core having been the triangle of Termez
and Kunduz and Kurgan-T'upe; the Uralic steppes east
of the Volga, ancient name Rha, were the second IE
homeland; and the Pontic steppes east of the Rha / Volga
were the third IE homeland
versus
the IE homeland was placed anywhere between the
North Pole and South Pole (Mallory and Adams 2006)
but nowwhere really - Where Do They Put It Now?

(quote)

Here is how to lead a scientific discussion. Either focus
on a claim of mine you find utter nonsense, or then go
for one of my four Magdalenian test cases:

bear as the furry one
versus
bear as the brown one

In my opinion, English bear goes back to Magdalenian
BIR meaning fur, especially the fur on which a newborn
was placed, preferably the fur of a bear, provider of the
best fur, thick, longhaired, soft and warm

deus theos / Zeus
versus
deus Zeus / theos

In my opinion, Latin deus and Greek theos derive from
Magdalenian DhAG meaning able, good in the sense
of able, whereas Zeus derives from TYR meaning
overcomer, as verb to overcome in the double sense
of rule and give, emphatic Middle Helladic Sseyr
(Phaistos Disc, Derk Ohlenroth) Doric Sseus (Wilhelm
Larfeld) Homeric Zeus

Avestan aspa and Sankrit asva for horse go back to
Magdalenian AS PAC, whith the inversion PAC AS
emphatic PAC AS AS accounting for Pegasos Pegasus,
personification of the summer wind Afghanetz blowing
from the Aral Sea to the Hindu Kush, while AC PAS
accounts for PIE *h1ekwos Greek hippos Latin equus
and for the name of the Gallo-Roman horse goddess
Epona
versus
*h1ekwos hippos equus aspa asva

AS means upward, PAC means horse, AC means an
expanse of land with water, and PAS means everywhere
in a plain, here, south and north of me, east and west
of me. AS PAC names the horse that carries goods and
a rider upwards, while AC PAS names the horse as
the animal that carries you everywhere PAS on earth AC.
The compounds AS PAC and AC PAS are phonetically
close but semantically different, and so the Avestan and
Sanskrit words for horse have not the same origin as the
Greek and Latin words; aspa asva and hippos equus
go back to different compounds

the banks of the Amu Darya were the first Indo-European
homeland, its core having been the triangle of Termez
and Kunduz and Kurgan-T'upe; the Uralic steppes east
of the Volga, ancient name Rha, were the second IE
homeland; and the Pontic steppes east of the Rha / Volga
were the third IE homeland
versus
the IE homeland was placed anywhere between the
North Pole and South Pole (Mallory and Adams 2006)
but nowwhere really - Where Do They Put It Now?

Yusuf B Gursey <ygur...@gmail.com> schreef:

In my opinion, Ruḍa / Arṣu is the Anatolian deity Rutas..
The Arabians about Ienisos-Kadytis may have inherited it from the
Philistines.

--
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V i v a   H A M A S !   V i v a   P A L E S T I N A !