I'm sorry I haven't posted in a long time. I was trekking through
China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion of the
Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three Gorges
before they're gone forever.
I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to (do
something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I have to
eat dinner now."
Thanks.
Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.
> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
(do
> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
have to
> eat dinner now."
>From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.
>From my textbooks:
soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.
But more emphatically:
shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
that for everyday situations.
Try ikanakucha or tabenakucha.
>> I was trekking through
>> China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion of
>> the
>> Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three
>> Gorges
>> before they're gone forever.
It sounds like an interesting journey. Do you have a web log?
> Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.
I think it's usually called Mao Tse Tung's (ๆฏๆฒขๆฑ) "long march". (้ทๅพ)
>> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> (do
>> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> have to
>> eat dinner now."
There are lots of ways to say it, for example:
> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>
> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> that for everyday situations.
I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also go
down in formality, as Sean suggested.
However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.
- Lance F.
You mean the Long March? If so, it wasn't a conscious effort. I went to
Tokyo for 3 days to visit some friends and whatnot, and then flew to
Beijing, where I stayed for 10 days ( I went around the city and various
places outside the city, including Tianjin). I visited some folks there
that I know. From Beijing, I hiked the Great Wall for 5 days, and then went
to Xian. I stayed in Xian for 3 days, and then first took a cruise on the
Yangtze (5 days), and then hiked part of it (2.5 days). I then stayed in
Wuhan for a little bit, and then went to Shanghai. I stayed in Shanghai for
7 days. Then I went to Guilin (4 days), travlled on the Li River both by
boat and by foot, and then went to Hong Kong. I was going to stay in Guilin
for a week, but it was too damn humid there. I do not tolerate humidity
well at all. I live in the desert, where there is absolutely NO humidity,
so even the slightest bit of humidity sets my Asthma off like crazy. Also,
it was extremely hot there -- in the 80s, and 70 - 90 % humidity. Hong Kong
was also very humid, but it was much cooler, so I could at least somewhat
tolerate that. From HK, I went to Taipei, then to Matsu Island, and then to
Taichung, and Kaohsiung, back to Taipei, back to Hong Kong, back to Tokyo.
I stayed in Tokyo for a week this time, showed some of my art at Design
Festa, and then flew home to LAX. To be honest, I shouldn't have stayed in
Tokyo the second time around, because by then my brain was geared towards
speaking Chinese.
> > I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> (do
> > something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> have to
> > eat dinner now."
>
> >From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
> shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.
>
> >From my textbooks:
> soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
> ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.
>
> But more emphatically:
>
> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>
> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> that for everyday situations.
Thank you very much. To both of you.
> It sounds like an interesting journey. Do you have a web log?
Not yet, I don't. I took 20 rolls of film, and am going through the
pictures. I'll scan them in, and then create something. I'm also doing
some paintings of stuff I didn't photograph, or the photos came out crappy.
*sigh* I wish I had a digital camera....
Anyways, I had an excellent time there. Some parts, I travelled solo, some
parts, I travelled with a group. It was interesting, when I was with a
group, to see Chinese people's reactions towards people. Towards some, they
were kind of rude -- because those people expected everyone to speak
English. Towards me, however, they were very nice, because I spoke Chinese
to them. But, that's typical of anywhere you travel. If you try to
communicate with people in their own language, they're much more receptive
towards you than if you expect them to speak YOUR language. By "you" and
"your" I mean the generic You and Your, not you specifically, Mr. Wilde.
> > Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.
>
> I think it's usually called Mao Tse Tung's (ๆฏๆฒขๆฑ) "long march". (้ทๅพ)
As I said in the other reply, if I did, it was unconscious. I wanted to
visit some of the big cities, countryside, and some smaller cities in China.
This time, I travelled through Eastern China. Next time I go (which
hopefully will be next year), I will travel through the western part of
China, including Mongolia and Tibet.
> >> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> > (do
> >> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> > have to
> >> eat dinner now."
>
> There are lots of ways to say it, for example:
>
> > shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> > gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
> >
> > But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> > that for everyday situations.
>
> I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also go
> down in formality, as Sean suggested.
Thank you very much. I appreciate all the answers that folks gave me!!! :D
ใ่ฟไบๆใ้ฃใใใใใพใใใ
I'm inclined to agree with Travers, as usual. "I have to eat dinner
now" in English means "I can't hang out with you any more" or something
like that. Does gohan-o tabenakucha even come close (especially with no
"ima-wa")?
I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
Bart
Technically, how do you know that "ikanakucha" is short for "ikanakute
wa narimasen" as opposed to "ikanakute wa ikenai", for example?
> However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.
True.
--
Curt Fischer
I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a beginning
Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker answers.
The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of expertise
their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us, "Well,
in this situation, this is what we say".
Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this
thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
to this forum.
If you'll be reading this newsgroup for sometime longer, you'll know
which non-native speakers are enough credible about what they say,
and I say it as a native speaker of Japanese. :)
> Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this
> thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
> am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
> speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
> are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
> narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
> from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
> to this forum.
>
On a French language lewsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is
<fr.lettres.langue.japanaise>, most questions are answered by French,
and most of them having very good command on Japanese.
I think it's related to supply & demand. There are so many people fluent
in both English and French, but not so much with Japanese and other language.
Here in <s.l.j>, mutuality, of teaching each other, between native speakers of
Japanese and English works very well, IMHO.
(and I tell you, that non-native speakers of Japanese, like Bart,
often teach us a lot of things about Japanese...)
So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
(like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
why should I talk? :)
muchan
(C'est la meme pour <f.l.l.j>. Si la reponse d'un francais est bonne,
je n'ai pas besoin de dire "c'est ca" chaque fois, comme un japonais...)
If you'll be reading this newsgroup for sometime longer, you'll know
which non-native speakers are enough credible about what they say,
and I say it as a native speaker of Japanese. :)
> Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this
> thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
> am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
> speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
> are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
> narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
> from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
> to this forum.
>
On a French language newsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is
Travers's suggestions roughly climb a scale of translating "have to",
and vary in appropriateness according to how important it is to
communicate that you are at some level compelled to perform. "Gohan o
tabemasu" really doesn't say "I *HAVE TO* eat", it just says that
someone (probably the speaker) is eating (or will eat in the future).
Context should fill in the fuzzy bits. Once you get to the
'nakerebanaranai" type constructions, you are conveying the notion that
outside forces are acting upon you, and causing you to do the action
under discussion.
KWW
and add one more.
Here often native speakers of English understand the _question_
better than the native speakers of Japanese!
I can't tell what is the normal/exact/best way of saying something
if I don't know what he/she wants to say in the first place!
:)
muchan
>> There are lots of ways to say it, for example:
>>
>>> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
>>> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>>>
>>> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
>>> that for everyday situations.
>>
>> I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also
>> go down in formality, as Sean suggested.
>
> I'm inclined to agree with Travers, as usual. "I have to eat dinner
> now" in English means "I can't hang out with you any more" or something
> like that. Does gohan-o tabenakucha even come close (especially with no
> "ima-wa")?
I was thinking of the general point of "shinakereba narimasen" not being
everyday usage. I just wanted to say that "shinakereba narimasen" might be
everyday usage when talking to the boss, etc.
> I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
> just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
Is "shigoto ni iku" bad?
I was watching "Blade 2" and I learnt a new kanji today. ๅป from ๅปใๅฃฐ
umekigoe which means "moan" or "groan". There were a lot of moans and
groans, and the subtitles put them all there, so I saw it several times.
Time for bed! Good night.
Danny.
Touche.
To clarify for the benefit of others, "ikanakucha" is an abbreviated
form of "ikanakute wa" only, as "ikanakya" (also "ikanakerya") is of
"ikanakereba". When -kucha/kya is not followed by anthing, e.g.
"sorosoro ikanakucha/kya...", naranai/ikenai is implied; which is
implied doesn't really matter, as they would both give the same basic
meaning. I believe that "naranai" is usually considered less forceful,
though "ikenai" is heard more often in spoken Japanese.
> > However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.
>
> True.
In fact, I have found that some native speakers, such as my coworkers,
don't know/can't explain the difference (just as there are many
overlapping constructs in English whose differences I can't explain).
- Lance F.
Context. :)
John
--
John Chew (poslfit on MD) * jjc...@math.utoronto.ca * http://www.poslfit.com
Like black-clad ninjas holding katanas to your throat forcing you to
eat breakfast and go to work. ^_^
Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right now or
go to work.
> Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right now or
> go to work.
Now it's starting to sound like a Douglas Adams' book.
"I'm sorry, dear, I have to eat breakfast right now, because the Vogon
Constructor Fleet is on their way to demolish Earth, and I would like to
enjoy some tasty pancakes and Mango juice before I'm vaporized into a
billion atoms. Oh, and, we need more milk. But, I suppose that really
doesn't matter now, considering that atoms don't drink milk. And there
won't be any place to get milk. Unless, of course, there are Space Cows
floating in the Universe. And I hardly think that Vogons enjoy the fresh,
creamy taste of Carnation."
:)
> I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a
beginning
> Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
> why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker
answers.
> The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
> you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of
expertise
> their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us,
"Well,
> in this situation, this is what we say".
Read the archives, or read this group for a few more years. I have been
reading this group off-and-on for roughly 5 years, and I can tell you that
some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese speakers.
KWW
> some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese speakers.
ใใใใ้ขจใซๆใใใใฎใๅพๆใชไบบใใใใใญใผ๏ผใใงใใญใๅคๅฝไบบใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ
ใใพใใฃใฆใฎใฏๆตๆขใงใใใฐใใใฃใฆใใใใใชใใใ ใญใใใใไฝใ ใจ่จใใ
ใใจไธใคใฎ็ญใใซใพใจใพใใใใชใใใ ใใฉใ
ใใใงใใ็งใฏใใ ่ชๅผตใใฆใใพใใใ ใใฟใพใใใๅคๅฝไบบใฏๅคๅ่จ่ชใๆตๆขใชๆ
่ก็ใซใงใใๅคๅฝไบบใฏๅคๅๆ่ก็ใซ่จ่ชใๆตๆขใชใใๅคใใฎใงใใใใใใชใใโฆ
ๅคๅฝไบบใฏ่จ่ชใฎใใฅใขใณในใๆฑบใใฆ็ฟๅพใใใใจใใงใใพใใใ ๅฝผใใฏๅฃ่ช็ใชๅฅ
ใ็ฅใใใใใใพใใใ ๅฝผใใฏ็่ชใ็ฅใใใใใใพใใใ ใใใใๆฌๅฝใซใใใ
ใใฏใใคใใฃใในใใผใซใผใใๆตๆขใงใใใฏใใใใใพใใใใชใใงใใ? ๅฝผใใซใฏ
ใใฅใขใณในใซ้ข้ฃใฅใใๆๅ็ใชใใใฏใฐใฉใฆใณใใใชใใฎใงใ
Especially in Japan. I can imagine the new dorama from this...
The Sallaryman fighting against the those pervasive forces of cultural
expectations and social acceptability! Their intangibility and
vagueness doing nothing to reduce their power.
Salaryman: ไปๆฅใฏๆใ้ฃฏใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
Wife:
ใใใฃ๏ผใๆใ้ฃฏใใในใชใใกใใใใใพใใใใ๏ผ
Salaryman: ใใใใใใใชใ๏ผ
ๅคๅฝ่ช๏ผ็นใซใใใงใฏๆฅๆฌ่ช๏ผใ็ฟๅพใใๆใฏใฟใใชใๆตๆขใใใ้่ฆใช็ฎๆจใซ
ใใใงใใใใใใใใใใใฐใฃใใ่ใใฆใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ็น่ณชใซๆฐใไปใใชใไบบใ
ๅฑใชใใใใฎใใ๏ผใใณใใฏๆชใ๏ผ่ฆๆฌใ็ฑณๅฝๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฎใธใงใใจใฑใใณใปGใ
ใใผใฏ(Phil Healy)ใฏไฝใๆใฃใใใใใถใใจใคใณใใซใผใใใใฎใง่ตฆใใฆใใ
ใพใใใๆใฏใฒใฉใใฃใใใธใงใใใฑใใณใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใจใฆใไธๆใ ใใ็ฑณๅฝไบบ็น
ๆใฎใใใใใใใขใญใฌใณในไธธๅบใใฎๆ
ๅบฆใงๆฅๆฌ่ชๅใใใใใใกใฃใจใไธๆใซ
่ใใใชใใใๅใฎๅฅฅใใใฏ่ฅใใฆ็พใใใงใใใ ๏ผใ่ฑ่
ใฎ่งใซ้ ญใถใคใใฆๆญป
ใญใฃใกใ
ใฎใ
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅใใชใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใตใใใใๆ
ๅบฆใงๅใใชใใจใญใใใใๅใใฃใใ
ใใใ้ฒๆญฉใ ใจๆใใใ
ใพใๆๅใซ็งใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใงใฏใชใใใจใจใ็งใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏๅฎ็งใงใชใใใจใ่ชใใพใใ็งใ่ฆใCindyใใใฎๆ็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ้ ๆ ฎใชใ่จใใใฆใใใใจใฌใญๅคงๅฐใฎใใใซ่ฉฑใใใจใๅคใใจใใๅฐ่ฑกใงใใใใพใใใๆธใใชใใปใใCindyใใใฏใใฃใจใใ่ฆๆฌใจใชใใใจใฏใชใใงใใใใใญใCindyใใใไพใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใฎๆจชๆใใซๅฏพใใฆๅใฃใๆ ๅบฆใใใใใพใใใCindyใใใฎๆธใๆนใ่ฆใฆใใใใใใๆฌ็ฉใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใ ใใใจๅ้ใใใฆใใๅคๅฝไบบใใใฃใจๅฐใชใใใใพใใใใ
ใกใชใฟใซไปใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใในใฟใผใฎM.A.ใใใฏใใณใใฉๆ ็ปใฎ่ๅฝนใๅฎใฃใฝใใซใณใใผๆ ็ปใฎๆชๅฝนใซใใ่ใใใใจใใชใๆฅๆฌ่ชใงๆธใใพใใไปไบใงใกใใใจใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใกใใใจใใ่ฑ่ชใซ่จณใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใชใใใ่ชค่งฃใใใฏใใใใใพใใใๅคใชๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใใจใๆฅใ็ฅใใพใใใงใใใใใญใ
่ฏใๅญใฎ็ๆงใฏใใกใใง่ชญใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใ็ไผผใใชใใใใซใ
> ใพใๆๅใซ็งใฏๆฅๆฌไบบใงใฏใชใใใจใจใ็งใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏๅฎ็งใงใชใใใจใ่ชใใพใ
> ใ็งใ่ฆใCindyใใใฎๆ็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ้ ๆ
ฎใชใ่จใใใฆใใใใจใฌใญๅคงๅฐ
> ใฎใใใซ่ฉฑใใใจใๅคใใจใใๅฐ่ฑกใงใใใใพใใใๆธใใชใใปใใCindyใใ
> ใฏใใฃใจใใ่ฆๆฌใจใชใใใจใฏใชใใงใใใใใญใ
ใใใผใใใ่จใฃใใใใฃใฆใใจใชใใใใใใ็งใ ใจๆใฃใฆใพใใ๏ผ
> Cindyใใใไพใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใฎๆจช
> ๆใใซๅฏพใใฆๅใฃใๆ
ๅบฆใใใใใพใใใCindyใใใฎๆธใๆนใ่ฆใฆใใใใใ
> ใๆฌ็ฉใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใ ใใใจๅ้ใใใฆใใๅคๅฝไบบใใใฃใจๅฐใชใใใใพใใใใ
ใ ใฃใฆๆฅๆฌไบบใงใใใใ็งใๆธใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏๆฌ็ฉใงใใใ
> ใกใชใฟใซไปใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใในใฟใผใฎM.A.ใใใฏใใณใใฉๆ ็ปใฎ่ๅฝนใๅฎใฃใฝใใซใณ
> ใใผๆ ็ปใฎๆชๅฝนใซใใ่ใใใใจใใชใๆฅๆฌ่ชใงๆธใใพใใไปไบใงใกใใใจใใ
> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใกใใใจใใ่ฑ่ชใซ่จณใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใชใใใ่ชค่งฃใใใฏใใใใ
> ใพใใใๅคใชๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใใจใๆฅใ็ฅใใพใใใงใใใใ
> ใญใ
ใใฎใญใผใ็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไปไบใฏๅคงๅคใชใใงใใใใพใใใชๆๆธใฐใฃใใ่จณใใฆใใใฐ
ใใพใซใฏ็ใๆใใซใใฅใผใบใฐใซใผใใงๅฅฝใใชใใจๆธใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใ
> ่ฏใๅญใฎ็ๆงใฏใใกใใง่ชญใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใ็ไผผใใชใใใใซใ
ใงใใฉใใใไบบใ่ฏใๅญใชใใงใใ๏ผใใใใผใซใธใคใใไบบ๏ผ
ๆฌ็ฉใงใฏใชใใจ่จใใใจๆใใพใใใงใใใใCindyใใใฏ่ฒใ ใชไบบใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏๆๆณใใใฃใฆใใใพใใตใใใใใชใใจๅผท่ชฟใใพใใใงใใใงใใใใใ็งใๅซใใฆใใใฎๅคๅฝไบบใฎๆธใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ่ฒใ ใจใใใใใใใใใพใใใใใตใใใใใชใใCindyใใใฏไบบใฎใใจใใใใชใใจๆใใพใใใ
>> ใกใชใฟใซไปใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใในใฟใผใฎM.A.ใใใฏใใณใใฉๆ ็ปใฎ่ๅฝนใๅฎใฃใฝใใซใณ
>> ใใผๆ ็ปใฎๆชๅฝนใซใใ่ใใใใจใใชใๆฅๆฌ่ชใงๆธใใพใใไปไบใงใกใใใจใใ
>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใกใใใจใใ่ฑ่ชใซ่จณใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใชใใใ่ชค่งฃใใใฏใใใใ
>> ใพใใใๅคใชๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใใจใๆฅใ็ฅใใพใใใงใใใใ
>> ใญใ
>
> ใใฎใญใผใ็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไปไบใฏๅคงๅคใชใใงใใใใพใใใชๆๆธใฐใฃใใ่จณใใฆใใใฐ
> ใใพใซใฏ็ใๆใใซใใฅใผใบใฐใซใผใใงๅฅฝใใชใใจๆธใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใ
>
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ็ฟป่จณใใใใจใง็ฒใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใไผใฟใจใใฆใใใงๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใจใงใใใ
ใใพใ็ดๅพใฎ่กใไผใฟๆนใใใชใใจๆใใพใใไบบใฎ่ช็ฑใงใใใใญใ
>> ่ฏใๅญใฎ็ๆงใฏใใกใใง่ชญใใ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใ็ไผผใใชใใใใซใ
>
> ใงใใฉใใใไบบใ่ฏใๅญใชใใงใใ๏ผใใใใผใซใธใคใใไบบ๏ผ
Cindyใใใฎใไปไบใฏไฝใงใใใใใ็ผใใใฐใฎๅฑๅฐใงใๆใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใจใใๅฅณๅญใใญใฌในใจใ๏ผ
Danny.
ๆฌ็ฉใงใฏใชใใจ่จใใใจๆใใพใใใงใใใใCindyใใใฏ่ฒใ ใชไบบใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏๆๆณใใใฃใฆใใใพใใตใใใใใชใใจๅผท่ชฟใใพใใใงใใใงใใใใใ็งใๅซใใฆใใใฎๅคๅฝไบบใฎๆธใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏ่ฒใ ใจใใใใใใใใใพใใใใใตใใใใใชใใCindyใใใฏไบบใฎใใจใใใใชใใจๆใใพใใใ
>> ใกใชใฟใซไปใฎ็ฑณๅฝไบบใในใฟใผใฎM.A.ใใใฏใใณใใฉๆ ็ปใฎ่ๅฝนใๅฎใฃใฝใใซใณ
>> ใใผๆ ็ปใฎๆชๅฝนใซใใ่ใใใใจใใชใๆฅๆฌ่ชใงๆธใใพใใไปไบใงใกใใใจใใ
>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใกใใใจใใ่ฑ่ชใซ่จณใใฆใใใฎใงใใใใชใใใ่ชค่งฃใใใฏใใใใ
>> ใพใใใๅคใชๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใใจใๆฅใ็ฅใใพใใใงใใใใ
>> ใญใ
>
> ใใฎใญใผใ็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไปไบใฏๅคงๅคใชใใงใใใใพใใใชๆๆธใฐใฃใใ่จณใใฆใใใฐ
> ใใพใซใฏ็ใๆใใซใใฅใผใบใฐใซใผใใงๅฅฝใใชใใจๆธใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใ
>
>
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใ็ฟป่จณใใใใจใง็ฒใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใไผใฟใจใใฆใใใงๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใจใงใใใ
> Salaryman: ไปๆฅใฏๆใ้ฃฏใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
It souns like there isn't a sense of closeness between husband and wife
to me, but I guess some husbands say so.
I would say
ไปๆฅใฏๆใ้ฃฏใฏ้ฃในใชใใใ
or
ไปๆใฏใ้ฃฏใฏใใใชใใใ
> Wife: ใใใฃ๏ผใๆใ้ฃฏใใในใชใใกใใใใใพใใใใ๏ผ
Maybe, 'ใใ๏ผ.....'
I've never heard 'ใใใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใใใฃ๏ผใใ๏ผ'
> Salaryman: ใใใใใใใชใ๏ผ
ใใใใใใใพใ๏ผ
or
ใใใใใชใใใใใ๏ผ
When talking with my wife, I never say 'ใใชใ.'
It is used when talking with others except for family (and relatives).
Hiroyuki
Not before log there was a discussion about naranai/ikenai.
And it was me who said "naranai" is more forceful...
I wrote the reason and still I think so, but I can't say if every
native speaker agrees with me. :(
<s.l.j>ใฎไปใฎๆฅๆฌไบบใซใ่ใใชใใกใ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ
at least, I can say that forcefull laws use "naranai".
and sometimes, depends on context, softer expressions may make it
more forcefull, too... aa kowai, kowai.. 8)
muchan
I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.
Each 'e' or 'ni' can be used when going to somewhere.
For example, 'Tokyo ni iku' or 'Tokyo e iku.'
However, when going to do something, 'e' is hardly
used. So, I would say 'asobi ni iku.' and I hardly ever
heard 'asobi e iku,' but I often hear 'shigoto e iku.'
Google search showed some intersting results.
ใ้ใณใธ่กใใ(asobi e iku) 128 hits
ใ้ใณใซ่กใใ(asobi ni iku) 541,000 hits
ใ่ฟใใธ่กใใ(mukae e iku) 4 hits
ใ่ฟใใซ่กใใ(mukae ni iku) 151,000 hits
--------
ใไปไบใธ่กใใ(shigoto e iku) 9,820 hits
ใไปไบใซ่กใใ(shigoto ni iku) 102,000 hits
I have no idea why 'shigoto e iku' has relatively
so high number of hits.
Hiroyuki
> Travers Naran wrote:
>
>
>>Salaryman: ไปๆฅใฏๆใ้ฃฏใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
>
> It souns like there isn't a sense of closeness between husband and wife
> to me, but I guess some husbands say so.
> I would say
>
> ไปๆฅใฏๆใ้ฃฏใฏ้ฃในใชใใใ
> or
> ไปๆใฏใ้ฃฏใฏใใใชใใใ
>
>
>>Wife: ใใใฃ๏ผใๆใ้ฃฏใใในใชใใกใใใใใพใใใใ๏ผ
>
>
> Maybe, 'ใใ๏ผ.....'
> I've never heard 'ใใใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
> When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใใใฃ๏ผใใ๏ผ'
ใใใผใฃ๏ผใใใฃใใไฝใฃใใฎใซใใชใใง้ฃในใชใใฎใ๏ผใใใฃใใใชใใใใช
ใ๏ผใ้ฃในใชใใชใใชใใงไฝใๅใซ่จใฃใฆใใใชใใฎใ๏ผใ็ก้งใซใใใใใใพ
ใใใใใๅคใใฏใใซใใ้ฃในใฆใใใใพใใใใญใฃ๏ผใ
>>Salaryman: ใใใใใใใชใ๏ผ
>
>
> ใใใใใใใพใ๏ผ
ใใ ใฎใใใใใ๏ผใใญใ
> I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
> very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
> but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
> Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
> and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.
More importantly, less of a gaigin.
I have known better since some time around 1970, when a group of
Japanese students at Indiana University put on an evening show of mostly
singing, as I recall. They advertised it partly in Japanese with a sign
that said something like "ๆฅๆฌใฎๅคใธใใใฃใใใ."
It bothered me because I have trouble seeing ๆฅๆฌใฎๅค (and ไปไบ) as a
place, a proper destination. I'm just too slow-witted to readily
understand ๆฅๆฌใฎๅค as ใๆฅๆฌใฎๅคใใจใใใทใงใผใๅฌใๅ ดๆ and ไปไบ as ไป
ไบใใใๅ ดๆ๏ผไปไบๅ ด.
Fortunately I won't be really and truly old for almost two months yet,
so I still have time to master that.
Bart
> I have no idea why 'shigoto e iku' has relatively
> so high number of hits.
Probably they make the same generalization we do in English: "job" is
both the intangible thing you do and the place where you do it. Roughly
equivalent to "I am going to work," which does not usually mean "I am
about to start working." Although that *may* also be true.
>Hiroyuki wrote:
>> [...]
>>>"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
>>>news:ljBge.1681$qT1.686@trnddc06...
>>>
>>>
>>>>I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
>>>>just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
>>>
>>>[...]
>
>> I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
>> very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
>> but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
>> Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
>> and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.
>
>More importantly, less of a gaigin.
"shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
lot (they say ไธญใธๅ
ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใ for instance) in Tochigi, for
instance.
-Chris
> "shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
> lot (they say ไธญใธๅ
ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใ for instance) in Tochigi, for
> instance.
It sounds as unmarked as ใซ to this gaigin's ear.
Marc
> >>Wife: ใใใฃ๏ผใๆใ้ฃฏใใในใชใใกใใใใใพใใใใ๏ผ
> >
> >
> > Maybe, 'ใใ๏ผ.....'
> > I've never heard 'ใใใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
> > When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใใใฃ๏ผใใ๏ผ'
>
> ใใใผใฃ๏ผใใใฃใใไฝใฃใใฎใซใใชใใง้ฃในใชใใฎใ๏ผใใใฃใใใชใใใใช
> ใ๏ผใ้ฃในใชใใชใใชใใงไฝใๅใซ่จใฃใฆใใใชใใฎใ๏ผใ็ก้งใซใใใใใใพ
> ใใใใใๅคใใฏใใซใใ้ฃในใฆใใใใพใใใใญใฃ๏ผใ
I wouldn't be surprised if you actually said so in your own daily life, but
I am
afraid that the salaryman's marrage might be falling apart.
Hiroyuki
> I have known better since some time around 1970, when a group of
> Japanese students at Indiana University put on an evening show of mostly
> singing, as I recall. They advertised it partly in Japanese with a sign
> that said something like "ๆฅๆฌใฎๅคใธใใใฃใใใ."
>
> It bothered me because I have trouble seeing ๆฅๆฌใฎๅค (and ไปไบ) as a
> place, a proper destination. I'm just too slow-witted to readily
> understand ๆฅๆฌใฎๅค as ใๆฅๆฌใฎๅคใใจใใใทใงใผใๅฌใๅ ดๆ and ไปไบ as ไป
> ไบใใใๅ ดๆ๏ผไปไบๅ ด.
Sorry, I doubt it. Your 'word association' hypothesis could explain the
small difference between ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ(0.023%) and ่ฟใใซ่กใ
/่ฟใใธ่กใ(0.0026%). As you know, the word ใ้ใณๅ ดใis also as popular
as ใไปไบๅ ดใ, but we never sayใ่ฟใๅ ดใ. So, associating ้ใณ with
้ใณๅ ด is possible but association ่ฟใ with ใ่ฟใๅ ดใis not practicable.
That might be why the usage of '่ฟใใธ่กใ' is less than that of
'้ใณใธ่กใ.' However, your hypothesis gives us no explanation of
the large difference between ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ(0.023%) and ไปไบใซ่กใ
/ไปไบใธ่กใ(9.6%). Both ้ใณ and ไปไบ are easily associtated with ้ใณๅ ด
and ไปไบๅ ด, respectively.
As I was reading your prior post, my first intuition was like your
hypothesis. But I had to abandoned it soon, because I noticed this
case, ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ. Which is precisely why I searched Google.
Hiroyuki
> Probably they make the same generalization we do in English: "job" is
> both the intangible thing you do and the place where you do it. Roughly
> equivalent to "I am going to work," which does not usually mean "I am
> about to start working." Although that *may* also be true.
I'm not good at English language. As I was reading your post,
I became concerned about what I wrote.
I worte "when going to do something". Does it mean that
"when being about to start doing something" ?
Hiroyuki
I can mean different things. If I say "I'm going to read that book", I'm
not saying anything about motion. It means that I intend to read the
book. If I say "I'm going to the store", it is talking about physical
motion: I mean that I will travel to the store.
It gets ambiguous with some words, like "work." Work is a verb, and it
is also used as a noun, meaning the place where you do your job. "I am
going to work" can mean "I intend to work" or "I will travel to the
place where I do my job." Context usually makes it clear.
I disagree with Bill about "about to start". I don't think that the
phrase means that the action will happen immediately, just that it is
intended.
KWW
> "shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
> lot (they say ไธญใธๅ
ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใ for instance) in Tochigi, for
> instance.
ใไธญใธๅ
ฅใใชใใงใใ ใใใis not Tochigi hougen but normal.
Eitherใใธใ(e) or ใใซใ(ni) can be used in such an expression.
I'm not a linguist, so I cannot show you a complete list of
ใใธใusage, but here's a rough list.
[place]
ๆฑไบฌใธ่กใ tokyo-e iku
[direction]
ไธญใธๅ
ฅใ naka-e hairu
ๆฑใธๅใใ higashi-e mukau
[object]
ๅใธ่ดใ kimi-e okuru
[state (situation?)]
ๅฏใใใจใใฆใใใจใใใธ้ป่ฉฑใใใฃใ
neyoto siteiru tokoro-e denwaga atta
All of them are exchangeable for ใใซใ(ni).
Hiroyuki
ๅฅฅใใใฏๆใใฏใใใใกใใจ้ฃในใฆใใใไบบใฎใจใใใธ่กใฃใกใใใ ใใใใ
ใใพใใญใใใ่ฑ่ ใฎ่งใซ้ ญใถใคใใฆๆญปใญใใจ่จใใฎใฏ้ๅๆฅๆฌ่ช็ใงใใใญใ
ใๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใตใใใใๆ ๅบฆใงๅใใใใใใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎ่ฟฐในใใ ใใฅใขใณในใซ
้ข้ฃใฅใใๆๅ็ใชใใใฏใฐใฉใฆใณใใใฎๆ็กใใจใใใใจใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
็งใ่ฑ่ชใๅฃใซใใใจใใฏใใใกใ ใใใใใใใใๆใใพใใญใ
ใงใไฝๅบฆใใใใใพใใใใใใฎๆนใฏใฟใชใใใๆฅๆฌ่ช็ฑๅฟใงใใญใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
>
>
>
>
>
>
First of all, thanks for the reply, Muchan. I'm sorry if I implied that I
don't trust the answers of non-native speakers, it's just that people gave
several different answers and while I am sure that all of them are correct,
it would be nice to hear from a native Japanese speaker which one is
actually used in real life. For example, in English, there are many
sentences which may be technically correct, but they are not what people
usually say in conversation. It must be the same in Japanese.
> > Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered
this
> > thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason
I
> > am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for
English
> > speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this
nature
> > are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the
"nakereba
> > narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> > Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> > technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to
hear
> > from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and
contribute
> > to this forum.
> >
>
> On a French language newsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is
> <fr.lettres.langue.japanaise>, most questions are answered by French,
> and most of them having very good command on Japanese.
Thank you. I had a look at that newsgroup and was very impressed at the
Japanese knowledge of the French participants there.
> I think it's related to supply & demand. There are so many people fluent
> in both English and French, but not so much with Japanese and other
language.
> Here in <s.l.j>, mutuality, of teaching each other, between native
speakers of
> Japanese and English works very well, IMHO.
> (and I tell you, that non-native speakers of Japanese, like Bart,
> often teach us a lot of things about Japanese...)
Yes, I am sure that is the case.
> So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
> are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
> (like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
> why should I talk? :)
Well, in my opinion, the reason why you should talk is that you know exactly
what a native speaker would say in such a situation.
The original poster, Pope Emperor Frogman (nice name!), asked:
"I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
(do something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
have to
eat dinner now.""
Travers answered:
"From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu."
He also added the following possibilities:
"soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
ima gohan-o tabemasu yo."
and
"But more emphatically:
shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen"
Then Sean replied:
"Try ikanakucha or tabenakucha."
So what I am saying is that while I am sure all these answers from
non-native speakers are correct, I am still bewildered as to which one to
use myself if I want to say that. It would be nice to find out what Japanese
people normally say in such a situation. Obviously, I know there are
different levels of formality. So perhaps the answer will be different if
one is talking to one's boss, or just a friend. Also, another question I
have is about "shigoto e iku". I have heard some people say "kaisha e iku"
( or maybe "ni", but my main question is kaisha versus shigoto). Shigoto
obviously translates the English word "work", and English people never say
"I'm going to the company". But if that's more natural Japanese, it would be
better to learn that, rather than translate the English word directly.
However, I don't know if that is really the case, just that I have heard
people use "kaisha" in this sense.
> (C'est la meme pour <f.l.l.j>. Si la reponse d'un francais est bonne,
> je n'ai pas besoin de dire "c'est ca" chaque fois, comme un
japonais...)
Oui. Je comprends. Mais, si'l y a plusieurs de reponses, on ne sait pas
quelle reponse est plus souvent utilisee!
(Sorry for the bad French, and thanks again for your reply, Muchan!)
I understand this could be a problem in some cases, but in this one the
question was quite simple. Anyway, in your case your English seems to be as
good as that of a native speaker, so please don't be so modest!
I'm not following a course, just trying to teach myself using books and the
Web. What I have found is that a direct translation of the English is not
always the best way to express oneself in a different language. I have
learnt the construction you mention, but I just wondered if that is what
Japanese people use in practice. See also my reply to Muchan.
> Travers's suggestions roughly climb a scale of translating "have to",
> and vary in appropriateness according to how important it is to
> communicate that you are at some level compelled to perform. "Gohan o
> tabemasu" really doesn't say "I *HAVE TO* eat", it just says that
> someone (probably the speaker) is eating (or will eat in the future).
> Context should fill in the fuzzy bits. Once you get to the
> 'nakerebanaranai" type constructions, you are conveying the notion that
> outside forces are acting upon you, and causing you to do the action
> under discussion.
Thank you for the above. That makes things a little clearer.
> "muchan" <q...@nimport.ou> wrote in message
> news:QaIge.12089$F6.24...@news.siol.net...
>>I can't tell what is the normal/exact/best way of saying something
>>if I don't know what he/she wants to say in the first place!
>
>
> I understand this could be a problem in some cases, but in this one the
> question was quite simple. Anyway, in your case your English seems to be as
> good as that of a native speaker, so please don't be so modest!
muchan ใฏ่ฑ่ชใไธๆใงใใใขใในใใซใชใใชใกใ ใใฎใฏใกใใฃใจ้ฃใใใใใ
Admirable advice, but you know, people are busy and all that.
I have been
> reading this group off-and-on for roughly 5 years, and I can tell you that
> some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese
speakers.
Well, I'm sure that most people here have spent many years studying Japanese
and have an excellent knowledge of grammar etc. But when it comes to
everyday speech, I would think that native speakers would have the
advantage. Also, in the case of the native speakers who participate on this
newsgroup, like Muchan for example and Mr Ito, they seem to be very highly
educated people with an excellent knowledge of English as well as obviously
their own language.
> ใใใใใใๅใฎๅฅฅใใใฏ่ฅใใฆ็พใใใงใใใใจใใ่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด็ใชๅใใใท
> ใใทใ
> ใใพใใญใใใ่ฑ่
ใฎ่งใซ้ ญใถใคใใฆๆญปใญใใจ่จใใฎใฏ้ๅๆฅๆฌ่ช็ใงใใใญใ
ใปใใใใใใ ใฎใๆญปใญใใซๅคๆดใใพใใใๆญปใใใพใใใฎๆนใใใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใงใใใ
> ใๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใตใใใใๆ
ๅบฆใงๅใใใใใใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎ่ฟฐในใใ ใใฅใข
> ใณในใซ
> ้ข้ฃใฅใใๆๅ็ใชใใใฏใฐใฉใฆใณใใใฎๆ็กใใจใใใใจใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>
> ็งใ่ฑ่ชใๅฃใซใใใจใใฏใใใกใ
ใใใใใใใใๆใใพใใญใ
ใงใใๆฅๆฌใซใใๆ
ฃใใฆใ็งใฎ่จใฃใฆใใใคใณใใซๆฐใใคใใฆใใไบบใฏ่ชๆ
ขใใพ
ใใใใไปฃ่กจ็ใชใฎใใDon, Jim, Bartใ๏ผslj ใฎไธ็พฝ็ใๅพกไธๅฎถใ๏ผใงใใใฎ
ไธไบบใไฝใใ่ชๆ
ขใใฆใใใจใใใ่ฆใใใจใใใพใ๏ผใ
ใจใใใงใใใใฐใใใใๅบใใชใใใใใฐใใจใใใไฝใใชใใฆใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใ
ใฎใงใๆฉ้ใตใใใใไธไบบใๅ่ฃใซไธใใพใใๅๆใซใใธใงใใใฑใใณGใจๆๅพ
ใฎไธไบบ็ฎใฏใใใผๅใ ใซใผใ
I have an (illegal; only NS can resist such things legally) resistance
to the last two. I have encountered the ๅใธ่ดใ type of expression
often enough to know it happens, but I seem to have a sense of ใธ as
marking direction instead of destination. So it sounds more or less OK
to me for ้ตไพฟใง but not for ๆใงๆธกใ. (Better change "[object]" to
"[recipient]" or something.)
If I've ever encountered anything like the very last, it must have been
long ago, or when I was so busy keeping up with the conversation that I
didn't have time to be surprised by it. (Or maybe I just don't
remember. That's starting to happen a lot...)
Bart
Would you believe I don't even know what those percentage figures mean?
> As I was reading your prior post, my first intuition was like your
> hypothesis. But I had to abandoned it soon, because I noticed this
> case, ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ. Which is precisely why I searched Google.
Can you detect a nuance between them? Do you yourself use both? (If
so, I presume you don't have to debate with yourself about which one to
use in any given circumstance.)
> I have an (illegal; only NS can resist such things legally) resistance
> to the last two.
I guess you might meet Japanese much earlier than I. So, I don't think
your resistance illegal. I'm happy to have your suggestion or criticism
at any time.
> I have encountered the ๅใธ่ดใ type of expression
> often enough to know it happens, but I seem to have a sense of ใธ as
> marking direction instead of destination. So it sounds more or less OK
> to me for ้ตไพฟใง but not for ๆใงๆธกใ.
ใธ makes me feel 'direction,' too, but I don't mind ใใใๅใใธใๆใงๆธกใ.
Ah! I would say ใใใๅใซๆธกใ or ใใใๅใธๆใงๆธกใ,but I would never
say ใใใๅใซๆใงๆธกใใ Sorry, I don't know why. It's just my feeling.
> (Better change "[object]" to "[recipient]" or something.)
Thank you for your correction. I agree with you.
> If I've ever encountered anything like the very last, it must have been
> long ago, or when I was so busy keeping up with the conversation that I
> didn't have time to be surprised by it. (Or maybe I just don't
> remember. That's starting to happen a lot...)
I'm not sure this is of modern usage, but it sounds natural
at least to me.
I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใใ.
็็บใงๆ
ใฆใฆใใใจใใใธ่ฅฒๆใๅใใใ
้ใใซใ่ถใๅใใงใใใจใใใธ็ๅฎขใใใฃใฆใใใ
As you know, ใจใใ means not only place but also moment, so
I think ใจใใ(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใใ(place)+ใธ
usage.
Hiroyuki
> > Sorry, I doubt it. Your 'word association' hypothesis could explain the
> > small difference between ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ(0.023%) and ่ฟใใซ่กใ
> > /่ฟใใธ่กใ(0.0026%). As you know, the word ใ้ใณๅ ดใis also as popular
> > as ใไปไบๅ ดใ, but we never sayใ่ฟใๅ ดใ. So, associating ้ใณ with
> > ้ใณๅ ด is possible but association ่ฟใ with ใ่ฟใๅ ดใis not
practicable.
> > That might be why the usage of '่ฟใใธ่กใ' is less than that of
> > '้ใณใธ่กใ.' However, your hypothesis gives us no explanation of
> > the large difference between ้ใณใซ่กใ/้ใณใธ่กใ(0.023%) and ไปไบใซ่ก
ใ
> > /ไปไบใธ่กใ(9.6%). Both ้ใณ and ไปไบ are easily associtated with ้ใณๅ ด
> > and ไปไบๅ ด, respectively.
>
> Would you believe I don't even know what those percentage figures mean?
Ah! I forgot the difference between verb and noun.
It's a verb that ้ใณ in the ้ใณใซ่กใ is!
OK, I will examine with only nouns.
Thank you your suggestion.
Hiroyuki
>
>> ใๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใตใใใใๆ
ๅบฆใงๅใใใใใใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎ่ฟฐในใใ ใใฅใข
>> ใณในใซ
>> ้ข้ฃใฅใใๆๅ็ใชใใใฏใฐใฉใฆใณใใใฎๆ็กใใจใใใใจใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>>
>>
>> ็งใ่ฑ่ชใๅฃใซใใใจใใฏใใใกใ
ใใใใใใใใๆใใพใใญใ
>
> ใงใใๆฅๆฌใซใใๆ
ฃใใฆใ็งใฎ่จใฃใฆใใใคใณใใซๆฐใใคใใฆใใไบบใฏ่ชๆ
ขใใพ
> ใใใใไปฃ่กจ็ใชใฎใใDon, Jim, Bartใ๏ผslj ใฎไธ็พฝ็ใๅพกไธๅฎถใ๏ผใงใใใฎ
> ไธไบบใไฝใใ่ชๆ
ขใใฆใใใจใใใ่ฆใใใจใใใพใ๏ผใ
>
> ใจใใใงใใใใฐใใใใๅบใใชใใใใใฐใใจใใใไฝใใชใใฆใฏ้ข็ฝใใชใ
> ใฎใงใๆฉ้ใตใใใใไธไบบใๅ่ฃใซไธใใพใใๅๆใซใใธใงใใใฑใใณGใจๆๅพ
> ใฎไธไบบ็ฎใฏใใใผๅใ ใซใผใ
>
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใไธ็พฝ็ใใญใใใๅพกไธๅฎถใใใใใญใใใงใๆ่ฟใใใใๅพกๅๅฎถใใซใใๅพกไบๅฎถใ
ๅขใใฆใใฆใใใฟใใใใใชใใใใใใใฐใใจใใใ๏ผใใใฏใฒใใใชใฎใปใใ
ใใใคใงใชใใใใใใญใใใใใใใใฒใใใใงใใใใใใใใซใใใใใใซใ
ๅคฑ็คผใ ใใญใ๏ผ
>
> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
> news:yYmdnSA4Y-t...@comcast.com...
>
>> B. Ito wrote:
>>
>>
>>> ใใใใใใๅใฎๅฅฅใใใฏ่ฅใใฆ็พใใใงใใใใจใใ่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด็ใชๅใใใท
>>> ใใทใ
>>> ใใพใใญใใใ่ฑ่
ใฎ่งใซ้ ญใถใคใใฆๆญปใญใใจ่จใใฎใฏ้ๅๆฅๆฌ่ช็ใงใใใญใ
>>
>>
>> ใปใใใใใใ ใฎใๆญปใญใใซๅคๆดใใพใใใๆญปใใใพใใใฎๆนใใใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใง
>> ใใใ
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> ใใใใใใใใใฎใพใพใใซใใฆใใใฆไธใใใใใใใใใใฃใใฎใงใใ
> ่ฅฟๆด็ใซๅฏพใใฆๆฅๆฌ่ช็๏ผๆฑๆด็๏ผใจๅฏพ็
งใซใใใใฃใใใใงใใ
ใชใใใฝใ
> ใไธ็พฝ็ใใญใใใๅพกไธๅฎถใใใใใญใใใงใๆ่ฟใใใใๅพกๅๅฎถใใซใใๅพกไบ
> ๅฎถใ
> ๅขใใฆใใฆใใใฟใใใใใชใใใใใใใฐใใจใใใ๏ผใใใฏใฒใใใชใฎใปใใ
> ใใใคใงใชใใใใใใญใใใใใใใใฒใใใใงใใใใใใใใซใใใใใ
> ใซใ
> ๅคฑ็คผใ ใใญใ๏ผ
ใใใ่ชๆฅญ่ชๅพใงใใญใ
ใกใ
ใใใใใฃใกใ
ใใไฟบใฏ้ ญใ่ฏใใใ ใใผใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใใจใฏไฝใงใ็ฅใฃใฆใ
ใใผใไฟบใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ ใใผใใคใณใใชใธใงใณใใ ใใผใ๏ผไฟบใฎๅฅฅใใ่ฅใใฆ็พไบบใ
ใใผ๏ผใโใใใใใฎใๅฒๆ
ข๏ผใขใญใฌใณใน๏ผใจ่จใใใ ใใฉใใใใชๆ
ๅบฆใงๆฅใ
ใจ่ชๅใงใฏๅใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใใฉใๆใ่
ใฎ้จ้กใซๆฏๅใใใใฆใใพใ
(by others)ใใใ ใใใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใใฆใใ็ฉ็ฅใใงใใๆใ่
ใจ่ช
ใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใฏใใใใใพใงใใใงใใ่ฑ่ชในใใผใซใผใงใใใ่ฆ็ ดใใช
ใไบบใฏใใใฃใจใ ใพใใใฆใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใซใชใใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใๆป็จฝ๏ผใใฃใใ๏ผใ ใญใ
ใจใใใงใใใฎใฐใซใผใใซใword for word ใงใใกใใจๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ่ฑ่จณใใใไบบใ
้
ธๅใใใชใใๅๅ ใใ ใใพใใใใใไธ็พฝ็ใใไฝใจ่จณใใ ใใ๏ผใThree
chickens ใใช๏ผใใใใใใ ใจใใใใใใใใๅคฑ็คผใงใใชใ
No doubt. But I never had a chance to become well acquainted.
>>[...]
> ใธ makes me feel 'direction,' too, but I don't mind ใใใๅใใธใๆใงๆธกใ.
> Ah! I would say ใใใๅใซๆธกใ or ใใใๅใธๆใงๆธกใ,but I would never
> say ใใใๅใซๆใงๆธกใใ Sorry, I don't know why. It's just my feeling.
I suspect it's worth noting. But what I really meant was that ใใ
ใใใฃใฆ็ฉใใจใใ ใกใธๆใงใใใใจใใฏใๆใๅคๆฅ่ชใงใฏใใใใๅใธ่ดใใ
ใจใใใใใใใใใๅใซ่ดใใใจใใใใใจใใใใพใใ
>> [...]
With reference to ๅฏใใใจใใฆใใใจใใใธ้ป่ฉฑใใใฃใ:
> I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใใ.
>
> ็็บใงๆ
ใฆใฆใใใจใใใธ่ฅฒๆใๅใใใ
> ้ใใซใ่ถใๅใใงใใใจใใใธ็ๅฎขใใใฃใฆใใใ
>
> As you know, ใจใใ means not only place but also moment, so
> I think ใจใใ(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใใ(place)+ใธ
> usage.
My resistance here was not to the ใจใใ, of course. But I thought that
until your post I had used, and remembered being aware of, only ใจใใ
ใซ. Now I think I was wrong to think so; ใจใใใธ suddenly sounds quite
natural.
Thanks for straightening me out.
Bart
My feeling is that it is not question of ifใใธใis allowed or not, but
if it has same meaning as ใใซใ or not, and I think they are not the same.
For me, ใใธใis like a direction with open ending, so ใใใใๅใธ่ดใใ
for example, seems me fitting in the situation like reading a poem to
a dead friend in a open field. The one for "send the gift" may not know
exactly where "you" is, but "whereever you're out there, I'm giving you this".
>
> With reference to ๅฏใใใจใใฆใใใจใใใธ้ป่ฉฑใใใฃใ:
>
>>I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใใ.
>>
>>็็บใงๆ
ใฆใฆใใใจใใใธ่ฅฒๆใๅใใใ
>>้ใใซใ่ถใๅใใงใใใจใใใธ็ๅฎขใใใฃใฆใใใ
>>
>>As you know, ใจใใ means not only place but also moment, so
>>I think ใจใใ(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใใ(place)+ใธ
>>usage.
>
>
> My resistance here was not to the ใจใใ, of course. But I thought that
> until your post I had used, and remembered being aware of, only ใจใใ
> ใซ. Now I think I was wrong to think so; ใจใใใธ suddenly sounds quite
> natural.
>
> Thanks for straightening me out.
>
> Bart
Here also, I think ใใซใis more "exact point" and ใใธใis open ended direction.
With ใธ, Ifeel ใจใใ as more vague, wider situation, than a "point" in a scene...
muchan
Those who read a part of the text I didn't make silly mistakes may think
that my English is as good as native speakers... 8)
The fact is that I never be in a English speaking country, except three days
in then British Hong Kong, and two times two hour transit in Heathlow airport.
I read very much, but never think I'm so fluent.
(Tell me 10 phrasal verbs, probably I don't know 6 or 7 of them... 8)
BTW, I'm not so modest about the language I speak everyday here.
I believe I have learned Slovenian almost as good as I can ever as a foreigner..
(including the ability to imitate some dialects and regionalism... 8)
but it's still quite far from perfect... I think the goal for leaning
a language is to communicate smoothly, not to reach the level of native speakers.
muchan
What a native speaker would say differs in the situations, to whom, what intention,
what feeling etc.
So if I imagine one situation and tell, "I'd say this way.." and you think,
"that's it!", and use it in another situaton, you definitely sound funny!
> Also, another question I
> have is about "shigoto e iku". I have heard some people say "kaisha e iku"
> ( or maybe "ni", but my main question is kaisha versus shigoto). Shigoto
> obviously translates the English word "work", and English people never say
> "I'm going to the company". But if that's more natural Japanese, it would be
> better to learn that, rather than translate the English word directly.
> However, I don't know if that is really the case, just that I have heard
> people use "kaisha" in this sense.
>
This part is now discussed by Bart and Hiroyuki in another thread.
My general answer is you say "sigoto-ni iku", "kaisha-ni iku".
I can heardly imagine the situation you say "kaisha-e iku", but hearing
"Taroo-san-wa kaisha-e ikimasu", I'd imagine that Taroo-san is now going
out from home to his company, but the speaker doesn't know where exactly
is the Taroo-san's company...
"(I don't know where is his company but) Taroo-san is leaving home to his company"
Those who knows the distination, would say "kaisha-ni".
Some people works, but not in a company. These people don't say
"kaisha-ni iku", obviously. Or, those who work an employee of a company,
but his working place, field, office is not in the company building,
if they say "(kyou-wa) kaisha-ni iku" to his wife, it can be indicating
he's going to the company office, not his usual field of work.
Thus, I just say, it depends on situations.
muchan
Here, it may not be "they don't know where" but also "they don't care where"
is the company.
"Kaisha-ni iku" has a mental image of "arriving there", but "kaisha-e iku" has
just a mental image of "leaving home to (don't-care-where is) the company".
I wonder if Hiroyuki would agree with it as a NSoJ...
muchan
ใงใ็งใฏใๅฅฝๅฅๅฟใๆบ็ใ ใใใใใใชๅ ด้ขใซใงใใใใจใ็ด ็ดใชๅ ดๅใจใใใง
ใชใๆใใใใซใฏใใใใใใใงใฏใใฉใใใใ่ฅใใฎใ ใใใใใฉใใใใใ็พไบบ
ใชใใ ใใใใชใใฆ่ๅณใใใใใงใใญใใพใใใใใ่ใใใใใใพใใญใใใใ
ใจใขใญใฌใณในใฎๅคง้จๅใฏ่ชๅใฎใใฎใซใใใใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใฎ่ฉไพกใจไธ้ใฎ่ฉไพก
ใจใฎใๅทฎใใใใใฐใ่ฉไพกๆ็ใใฎ่ชๅทฑ็ณๅใฟใใใชใใใใชใใงใใใใใญใ
ใงใใใใใใฎ็ณๅๅ
ๅฎนใๅ
ๅฟใฏใฉใใงใใใ็ด ็ดใซไผบใ่ชๅใชใใซๅๆใใ
ไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใใใใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅฆๆนใจใใฆๅฝนใซ็ซใคใใฎใไฝใๅญฆใณๅใใฐใใใ
ใใใชใใงใใใใใ
ใ
>ใ ใใใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใใฆใใ็ฉ็ฅใใงใใๆใ่
ใจ่ช
> ใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใฏใใใใใพใงใใใงใใ่ฑ่ชในใใผใซใผใงใใใ่ฆ็ ดใใช
> ใไบบใฏใใใฃใจใ ใพใใใฆใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใซใชใใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใๆป็จฝ๏ผใใฃใใ๏ผใ ใญใ
>
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใใใใชใใปใฉใญใใ่ค้ใงใใญใใใ๏ผ๏ผใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผใ
่ใใฆใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใจใ้ใซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใ็ฅใใใใใใใฏใใใใ่ใใใใใ
๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใใใฃใใใใใพใใใใญใ
> ใจใใใงใใใฎใฐใซใผใใซใword for word ใงใใกใใจๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ่ฑ่จณใใใไบบใ
> ้
ธๅใใใชใใๅๅ ใใ ใใพใใใใใไธ็พฝ็ใใไฝใจ่จณใใ ใใ๏ผใThree
> chickens ใใช๏ผใใใใใใ ใจใใใใใใใใๅคฑ็คผใงใใชใ
------------------------------------------------------------
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใไธ็พฝ็ใใฏ๏ฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฏใปใ่จ่ใซไฝฟใใพใใญใใใๆชใฎๆข่ปธใ็ใช
่กจ็พใฎๅคใใใซใไธ็พฝ็ใใจ่จใใชใ่จใใชใใใจใใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
ใจใใใจใ"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใใใชใใใงใใใใใญใ
ใกใใฃใจๅณๆฐใชใใงใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ๏ผๆฏใๅใใใใฆใใพใใ(by others). ใ
> ใใใใใงใใญใby seken ใงใใญใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ช็คพไผใชใใ ใใฉใใใใงใชใ
> ็คพไผใงใฏใขใญใฌใณในใซๆใฃใฆใใใจไปไบบใฎ่ธใฟๅฐใซใใใฆใใพใใใจใใใใจใ
> ใใใใใชใใงใใใใญใใใใชใผใใ ใๅใใใซใใใฎใใใชใใฆใใใใชใ็ญ
> ใจใใ่งฃ้ใใงใใพใใญใ
ใใใๆใ่ถณๅใใใใใใซใชใฃใกใใฃใฆใ็ตๅฑใ้ ญ่ฏใใฆใ้ฐใงใฟใใชใซใใซ
ใซใใใใใใซใชใฃใกใใ็พ่ฑกใ็บ็ใใฆใใพใใ
> ใงใ็งใฏใๅฅฝๅฅๅฟใๆบ็ใ ใใใใใใชๅ ด้ขใซใงใใใใจใ็ด ็ดใชๅ ดๅใจใใใง
> ใชใๆใใใใซใฏใใใใใใใงใฏใใฉใใใใ่ฅใใฎใ ใใใ
่ฅใใใใใซใชใใงใใ๏ผ
ใใฉใใใใใ
> ็พไบบ
> ใชใใ ใใใใชใใฆ่ๅณใใใใใงใใญใใพใใใใใ่ใใใใใใพใใญใ
ๅฎ้ใซ่ฆใใใใชใผใใ ๅคงใใใใจใชใใใใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใๆฌๅฝใซ็พใใ
ใฆใใ
ใ
> ใใ
> ใจใขใญใฌใณในใฎๅคง้จๅใฏ่ชๅใฎใใฎใซใใใใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใฎ่ฉไพกใจไธ้ใฎ่ฉไพก
> ใจใฎใๅทฎใใใใใฐใ่ฉไพกๆ็ใใฎ่ชๅทฑ็ณๅใฟใใใชใใใใชใใงใใใใใญใ
ใใพใใใจใใใฃใใใใพใใญใใคใใฆใใใใขใญใฌใณในใฏใใฉใณในใๅใใฆใ
ใชใๆใซๅบใใใกใใใฉใ่ตคๅญใฟใใใชใใฎใใช๏ผใใกใใฃใจๅใซ่ชญใใ
muchan ใฎ่จไบใซใฏๆผขๅญใฎใในใใฏใใคใใใใใชใใงใใๅฟใ็ฉใงใไธ็ชใ ใฃ
ใใจใใใใฉใณในใๅใใฆใใใ่ณใใใใๅฅฝใใใงใใใใญใ
> ใงใใใใใใฎ็ณๅๅ
ๅฎนใๅ
ๅฟใฏใฉใใงใใใ็ด ็ดใซไผบใ่ชๅใชใใซๅๆใใ
> ไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใใใใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅฆๆนใจใใฆๅฝนใซ็ซใคใใฎใไฝใๅญฆใณๅใใฐใใใ
> ใใใชใใงใใใใใ
ใใใผใ็ก็็ก็๏ผใ็นใซ็ฑณๅฝๅบ่บซไบบใใใใฎไบบ้้ ญ่ฏใใฎใฏใใใใใใใ
ใฉใใใซใฐใฃใใใ
>> ใ ใใใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใใฆใใ็ฉ็ฅใใงใใๆใ่
ใจ่ช
>> ใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใฏใใใใใพใงใใใงใใ่ฑ่ชในใใผใซใผใงใใใ่ฆ็ ดใใช
>> ใไบบใฏใใใฃใจใ ใพใใใฆใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใซใชใใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใๆป็จฝ๏ผใใฃใใ๏ผใ ใญใ
>>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใใใใชใใปใฉใญใใ่ค้ใงใใญใใใ๏ผ๏ผใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผใ
> ่ใใฆใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใจใ้ใซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใ็ฅใใใใใใใฏใใใใ่ใใใ
> ใใ
> ๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใใใฃใใใใใพใใใใญใ
ใใใใ๏ผใ้ปใฃใฆใใใฐ้ใซ่ณขใ่ฆใใใฎใซใใใใใใปใปใป
ใกใใฃใจใญใผใซใซใช่ฉฑใงใใใ็ฉ็ใฎใฏใฉในใงใใใใฏใฉในใกใผใใฎ่ณชๅใซใถใฃ
ใใพใใใใจใๅฐใชใใจใ๏ผๅใใใใๆซ้ฒใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฎ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ
ๅขใใฎ่จ็ฎๅผใงๅ
็ใ้ปๆฟใซ 100 x 1.15 = 115 ใจๆธใใใ
ใใใจ็งใฎๅใซๅบงใฃใฆใใๅฅณๆงใใ1.15ใใฃใฆไฝ๏ผใใจ่ณชๅใใใใใใใซๅฝผๅฅณ
ใฏ็ฉ็ใงDใๅใฃใฆใใไธๅบฆใใฎใฏใฉในใใชใใผใใใ็พฝ็ฎใซใชใฃใใ
๏ผ๏ผๅ
็ใฏ้ใฎใใจใๅ
็ด ่จๅทใไฝฟใฃใฆใPb ใจ่กจ็พใใใใใใจใไธไบบใฎ้้ซช
ใฎๅฅณๆงใใๅ
็ใใใผใใผใฃใฆไฝ๏ผใใจ่ณชๅใใใใใใซใฏใๅ
็ใใฏใฉในๅ
จๅก
ใถใฃใใพใใใใใฐใใใฎ้ใใฎใคใใณใใฏ็ฌใ่ฉฑใจใใฆ่ชใ็ถใใใใ
ใใฎใปใกในใฟใผใฎ็ฉ็ใฏ้ฃใใใฆ็ตๆงๅฑใชใ็นๆฐใๅใฃใฆใใพใใใใๆ็ต็ใซ
ใฏใใชใใจAใใใใใพใใใๅฌใใ้ใใงใใ
>> ใจใใใงใใใฎใฐใซใผใใซใword for word ใงใใกใใจๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ่ฑ่จณใใใไบบใ
>> ้
ธๅใใใชใใๅๅ ใใ ใใพใใใใใไธ็พฝ็ใใไฝใจ่จณใใ ใใ๏ผใThree
>> chickens ใใช๏ผใใใใใใ ใจใใใใใใใใๅคฑ็คผใงใใชใ
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใไธ็พฝ็ใใฏ๏ฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฏใปใ่จ่ใซไฝฟใใพใใญใใใๆชใฎๆข่ปธใ็ใช
> ่กจ็พใฎๅคใใใซใไธ็พฝ็ใใจ่จใใชใ่จใใชใใใจใใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>
> ใจใใใจใ"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใใใชใใใงใใใใใญใ
> ใกใใฃใจๅณๆฐใชใใงใใญใ
็งใใใใซใฏ้ๅใงใใ
ใใใใฏใใ้ใใใฃใจใใใใใจ่จใฃใไบบใใใใจใใใใใใชใซใใฌใใใจใใ
ใใใฎๆนใใใฃใจใใฃใฆใใงใใใใชใใฆใๆใใ๏ผ่จใใใใใปใปใใใใฆใฉใฎ
ใใใใใฃใจใใญใใใจ่ใใฆใฟใใฎใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใใฎไบบใใใใ
่ใใฆใใใใใใฃใฆ/่จใฃใฆใฟใใใฃใฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใ
ใใใๅ
ทไฝ็ใซใใใใจใซใใใใใใใใใฎไบบใฏใใใใใใฎใ้ใๆใฃใฆใใฐ
ๆใฃใฆใใใจใซใชใใใ ใใจใฎๅบๆบใใใใใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
> ใ
>> ใใ
>> ใจใขใญใฌใณในใฎๅคง้จๅใฏ่ชๅใฎใใฎใซใใใใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใฎ่ฉไพกใจไธ้ใฎ่ฉไพก
>> ใจใฎใๅทฎใใใใใฐใ่ฉไพกๆ็ใใฎ่ชๅทฑ็ณๅใฟใใใชใใใใชใใงใใใใใญใ
>
> ใใพใใใจใใใฃใใใใพใใญใใคใใฆใใใใขใญใฌใณในใฏใใฉใณในใๅใใฆใ
> ใชใๆใซๅบใใใกใใใฉใ่ตคๅญใฟใใใชใใฎใใช๏ผใใกใใฃใจๅใซ่ชญใใ
> muchan ใฎ่จไบใซใฏๆผขๅญใฎใในใใฏใใคใใใใใชใใงใใๅฟใ็ฉใงใไธ็ชใ ใฃ
> ใใจใใใใฉใณในใๅใใฆใใใ่ณใใใใๅฅฝใใใงใใใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใฉใณในใญใใใใใฏไธๆใช่ฉฑใๆนใงใใญใใใ่ฝใกใใใใกใใใจๅฟๅพใฆใญใ
ใใฎใใฉใณในใๆชใใจใใใชใซใใใใคใใใใใชใใจใฐใฃใใ่จใฃใฆ๏ผใ๏ผใใใใ
ใจใชใฃใฆ่จใใชใใฃใๆนใใใใฃใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใชใฃใฆใใพใๅฑ้บๆงใใใใใ
ใญใ
ใๆจ็ปใใใใใใฐใไฟบใฎๅณใซๅบใใใฎใใชใ ใใใญใใใจ่จใฃใใใฎ่ถณใงใ
ใใงใใใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใใใจใใใใใฉใญใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใญใ
>
>> ใงใใใใใใฎ็ณๅๅ
ๅฎนใๅ
ๅฟใฏใฉใใงใใใ็ด ็ดใซไผบใ่ชๅใชใใซๅๆใใ
>> ไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใใใใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅฆๆนใจใใฆๅฝนใซ็ซใคใใฎใไฝใๅญฆใณๅใใฐใใใ
>> ใใใชใใงใใใใใ
>
> ใใใผใ็ก็็ก็๏ผใ็นใซ็ฑณๅฝๅบ่บซไบบใใใใฎไบบ้้ ญ่ฏใใฎใฏใใใใใใใ
> ใฉใใใซใฐใฃใใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใชใใฎใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใใๅใใใพใใญใใใใใใฃใฆๆๅญใ่ชญใใงใใฆใใ็งใฎ
็ถฒ่ใซๆ ใใจใจใใใซใใใใใผใญใผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่ณใฎ้ผ่ใๅบๆฟใใพใใญใ
ไปใฎๆ็จฟใใใใงใใใใใฎใใฉใฐใฉใใฏ็นใซใใใงใใญใใใคใ็งใใใฎๆๆณใ
ไฝๅๅ็ฎใใฎๆๆฟใฎใใพใใๆๅญใซใใฆใใพใใพใใใใ
>
>
>
>>> ใ ใใใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใพใใฆใใ็ฉ็ฅใใงใใๆใ่
ใจ่ช
>>> ใใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใฏใใใใใพใงใใใงใใ่ฑ่ชในใใผใซใผใงใใใ่ฆ็ ดใใช
>>> ใไบบใฏใใใฃใจใ ใพใใใฆใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใซใชใใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใๆป็จฝ๏ผใใฃใใ๏ผใ ใญใ
>>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ใ้ดไธไบบๅฝขใใใใชใใปใฉใญใใ่ค้ใงใใญใใใ๏ผ๏ผใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผใ
>>
>> ่ใใฆใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใจใ้ใซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใ็ฅใใใใใใใฏใใใใ่ใใใ
>> ใใ
>> ๏ผ๏ผใ่ชใไบบใใใฃใใใใใพใใใใญใ
>
> ใใใใ๏ผใ้ปใฃใฆใใใฐ้ใซ่ณขใ่ฆใใใฎใซใใใใใใปใปใป
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใ้ปใฃใฆใใใจใไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใใพใใญใใใใฎๆใฎใ็ฎใคใใ๏ผใจใใใฐๆชใ
ๆๅณใซใฒใณใใใใใใพใชใใใใใชใใใพใชใใใใชใใ่ฆ็ทใใใชใ่ฆใใใซ
ใ็ฎใฎ่กจๆ
ใใงใใญ๏ผใใฏใจใฆใๅคงๅใงใใใญใ
ๆฆไบใงใฏใชใใงใใใๆตใ้ปใฃใฆใใฐใๅฟ
่ฆไปฅไธใซๆใใงใใใใญใใใใคใผใคใผ
ใจใใฃใฆๆญฆๅจใไธธๅบใใงๆปใใฆใใๆตใ ใฃใใใใใใใใ่ฆใใ ใใงใไธ็ฎ็ญ็ถ
ใใฎๆตใฎๅ้ใๅใใใพใใใใญใใ
>
> ใกใใฃใจใญใผใซใซใช่ฉฑใงใใใ็ฉ็ใฎใฏใฉในใงใใใใฏใฉในใกใผใใฎ่ณชๅใซใถใฃ
> ใใพใใใใจใๅฐใชใใจใ๏ผๅใใใใๆซ้ฒใใใฆใใใ ใใพใใ
>
> ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฎ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ
ๅขใใฎ่จ็ฎๅผใงๅ
็ใ้ปๆฟใซ 100 x 1.15 = 115 ใจๆธใใใ
> ใใใจ็งใฎๅใซๅบงใฃใฆใใๅฅณๆงใใ1.15ใใฃใฆไฝ๏ผใใจ่ณชๅใใใใใใใซๅฝผๅฅณ
> ใฏ็ฉ็ใงDใๅใฃใฆใใไธๅบฆใใฎใฏใฉในใใชใใผใใใ็พฝ็ฎใซใชใฃใใ
>
> ๏ผ๏ผๅ
็ใฏ้ใฎใใจใๅ
็ด ่จๅทใไฝฟใฃใฆใPb ใจ่กจ็พใใใใใใจใไธไบบใฎ้้ซช
> ใฎๅฅณๆงใใๅ
็ใใใผใใผใฃใฆไฝ๏ผใใจ่ณชๅใใใใใใซใฏใๅ
็ใใฏใฉในๅ
จๅก
> ใถใฃใใพใใใใใฐใใใฎ้ใใฎใคใใณใใฏ็ฌใ่ฉฑใจใใฆ่ชใ็ถใใใใ
>
> ใใฎใปใกในใฟใผใฎ็ฉ็ใฏ้ฃใใใฆ็ตๆงๅฑใชใ็นๆฐใๅใฃใฆใใพใใใใๆ็ต็ใซ
> ใฏใใชใใจAใใใใใพใใใๅฌใใ้ใใงใใ
>
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฏๆ่ฟใใใใฃใ็คพไผไบบๅญฆ็ฟใใจใใใใใใใใฃใจ้ซใฌใใซใฎๅญฆไฝไฟฎๅพใ
ใจใใๅฐ้่ทใฎใฉใคใปใณในไฟฎๅพใฎ่ฌๅบงใๅใใฆ่ฆใใใฎใงใใใใญใใ
็งใไธ็ดใขใใใฅใข็ก็ท้ไฟกๅฃซใฎๅฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จใๅ้จใใใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎๆ็จฟ
ใซใใๅบใฆใใ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใใใใใซๅฟ
่ฆใชๅฏพๆฐ่จ็ฎใใใ่ๆฐๆฑใใใใไฝๅ
ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใจใใใใใใใฎ้ฃใใใๆฅฝใใฟใฎไธใคใ ใฃใ่จๆถใ
ใใใพใใญใใใใใใใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใฉใใใฆใ็ดๅพใใใใ็่งฃใงใใชใใฃใใฎใงใ
ใใใ็พ่ทใงๅฐ้ใจใใๆนใฎใจใใใซๆใฃใฆ่กใ่ณชๅใใใจใใใฎๆนใฏใใฃใจ
่จ็ฎๅผใซใใฃใจ็ฎใใใใจใ๏ผ๏ผ็งใใใชใๅ
ใซใใใใใใใฏใใใใใฎใในใใชใงใ
ใญใใใจ่จใฃใฆๆญฃใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใใฎๅ ดใงๆธใๅบใใฆใใใใใจใใใใพใใใญใ
ใใกใใฏใใใฎใใใซไฝๅบฆใใใฉใคใใฆใ๏ผๆ้ใ๏ผๆ้ใ็ก้งใชๆ้ใ่ฒปใใใ
ใจใใใฎใซใใใใใใชใ็ฌใใไบๅบฆใใใพใใใญใ
>>> ใจใใใงใใใฎใฐใซใผใใซใword for word ใงใใกใใจๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ่ฑ่จณใใใไบบใ
>>> ้
ธๅใใใชใใๅๅ ใใ ใใพใใใใใไธ็พฝ็ใใไฝใจ่จณใใ ใใ๏ผใThree
>>> chickens ใใช๏ผใใใใใใ ใจใใใใใใใใๅคฑ็คผใงใใชใ
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------
>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใไธ็พฝ็ใใฏ๏ฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฏใปใ่จ่ใซไฝฟใใพใใญใใใๆชใฎๆข่ปธใ็ใช
>>
>> ่กจ็พใฎๅคใใใซใไธ็พฝ็ใใจ่จใใชใ่จใใชใใใจใใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>>
>> ใจใใใจใ"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใใใชใใใงใใใใใญใ
>> ใกใใฃใจๅณๆฐใชใใงใใญใ
>
> ็งใใใใซใฏ้ๅใงใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ๆฅๆฌไบบใฎๆธใใ่ฑ่ชๆๆณใ็นใซใ่ฑ่ช่ชๆณไบๅ
ธใ้กใฎ่ไฝใซๆฌๅ ดใคใฎใชในใใใฎใใ
ไธ็ใใก่ฉณใใๅฐ้ๆธใงใฏใชใใใชใใใจๆใใใใใใใใชใซๆญๅฎใใฆใใใใฎใ
ใชใใใจใกใใฃใจไธๅฎใซใชใใใใใฎๅขใใง่งฃ่ชฌใใใฆใใใใจใใใใใฃใใใใพใ
ใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใซใใใฆใใใใฎ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใงใฏ็ ็ฉถ็ฑๅฟใชๅคๅฝไบบใใใใใใใใใฃใ
ๆๅ
็ซฏใฎๆๆณไบ้
ใพใง็ๅ่ฆใใใใใใฏๅใใใใใจใใๆนใๆ็จฟใๅขใใฆใใใ
ใซๆใใพใใญใ
ใใใชๆนใๅขใใฆใใใจใ"The Best Three"ใใงใฏๅใ่พผใๆฐๅญใ้ใใใฆใใใฎใงใ
ๅ็ดใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ็จใใใปใใใๅฃ่ชฟใจใใฆใ๏ผธใซไปฃๅ
ฅ
ใใๆฐๅญใซๆใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใพใใใใญใ
ใใใไธใงใ็บใฃใใใใชใใฎใใฎใ้ๅใใฎๆๅณใฏ๏ผ
ใใฎใใชใใฎๆฒใใใๆชๅฝนไธๅฝนใใซๅฏพใใ่จ่ใงใใใใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
>I will examine with only nouns.
Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
but I guess some people are interested in it.
This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.
ใใใ ใ ใซใ ใธ total ใธ/total
็ดๅ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%
้่ใ 170 0 170 0.0%
ๅ็ 790 1 791 0.1%
ๆๅบ 13,200 19 13,219 0.1%
ไผๆฉ 7,670 28 7,698 0.4%
้ฎๆ 788 3 791 0.4%
ๆๆป 995 8 1,003 0.8%
ๅดๅ 809 10 819 1.2%
ๅๅผท 3,780 59 3,839 1.5%
ๆฐดๆณณ 1,910 44 1,954 2.3%
ๅตๅฏ 6,160 157 6,317 2.5%
้ฃไบใ 37,400 1,110 38,510 2.9%
้่ฆง 64 2 66 3.0%
ๆพๆฑ 2,420 101 2,521 4.0%
ใตใผใใคใณ 3,090 138 3,228 4.3%
่จบๅฏ 4,530 220 4,750 4.6%
่ชฟๆปใ 8,550 418 8,968 4.7%
ๅพ 10,500 568 11,068 5.1%
่ฒทใ็ฉ 157,000 9,590 166,590 5.8%
ในใญใผ 38,500 2,940 41,440 7.1%
ๆ ็ป 18,500 1,420 19,920 7.1%
ๅด 10,800 837 11,637 7.2%
ใทใงใใใณใฐ 4,900 412 5,312 7.8%
ๆญ่ไผ 443 38 481 7.9%
ไปไบ 102,000 9,820 111,820 8.8%
้ ่ถณ 9,190 973 10,163 9.6%
ๆ
่ก 289,000 31,700 320,700 9.9%
ๆฝฎๅนฒ็ฉใ 885 100 985 10.2%
้ธๆ 9,150 1,180 10,330 11.4%
ๅพ+ๅพใ 15,240 2,518 17,758 14.2%
ๆฆไบ 11,600 2,080 13,680 15.2%
ๅ
ฌๅ 52,200 14,900 67,100 22.2%
ใขใกใชใซ 34,000 9,850 43,850 22.5%
ๅๆตท้ 33,700 10,400 44,100 23.6%
้ง
34,700 10,900 45,600 23.9%
ๅณ 27,600 10,200 37,800 27.0%
ๅทฆ 24,500 9,150 33,650 27.2%
ไบฌ้ฝ 30,300 12,300 42,600 28.9%
ๅพใ 4,740 1,950 6,690 29.1%
ๅซ่ถๅบ 6,360 2,930 9,290 31.5%
ใใฉใณใน 8,070 3,740 11,810 31.7%
็
้ข 199,000 93,200 292,200 31.9%
ๅญฆๆ ก 184,000 87,600 271,600 32.3%
ๆฑไบฌ 71,300 37,700 109,000 34.6%
ไธญ 10,500 5,580 16,080 34.7%
ๅธๅฝนๆ 4,130 2,290 6,420 35.7%
ๆชๆฅ 13,400 8,170 21,570 37.9%
ๅ 11,800 8,540 20,340 42.0%
ๆฑ 8,640 6,870 15,510 44.3%
่ญฆๅฏ 7,500 7,710 15,210 50.7%
ๅ 5,400 6,480 11,880 54.5%
ๅ 13,800 25,300 39,100 64.7%
่ฅฟ 10,600 25,600 36,200 70.7%
ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%
้ๅป 664 5,060 5,724 88.4%
I searched usages of [noun]+ใซ่กใ and [noun]+
ใธ่กใin the google database with fity four
nouns popping into my head at random.
Unexpectedly, the ratios of ใธ่กใ-usage spreaded
over a wide range, from 0.00% (็ดๅ chokuzen) to
88.4% (้ๅป kako). Since contexts were ignored,
each ratio must have a different bias caused by
different frequencies of appearance of each word
in various contexts.
I don't intend to open discussion on it, so I don't
comment on it.
Hiroyuki
>> ๅฎ้ใซ่ฆใใใใชใผใใ ๅคงใใใใจใชใใใใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใๆฌๅฝใซ็พใใ
>> ใฆใใ
>>
> -----------------------------------------------
> ใงใใ็ก้งใชใใใงใใใใฎๆฌไบบใซ่ใใฆใฟใใใจใซใใฃใฆๅใใฆใใใฎไบบใฎ
> ใๅคๆญใฎๅบๆบใใใจใใใใฎใๅใใใใใใใใใใจใใฎไบบใจๅคงใใใซใใใฐใ
> ไปใๅใๆใใชใใใใใชใใงใใใใใใใใใใใใใใ่ฅใใใจใใใใ ใ
> ใจใใใใใใใใ็พไบบใใ ใจใใใใ ใใใจใใญใ
>
> ใใใใฏใใ้ใใใฃใจใใใใใจ่จใฃใไบบใใใใจใใใใใใชใซใใฌใใใจ
> ใใ
> ใใใฎๆนใใใฃใจใใฃใฆใใงใใใใชใใฆใๆใใ๏ผ่จใใใใใปใปใใใใฆใฉใฎ
> ใใใใใฃใจใใญใใใจ่ใใฆใฟใใฎใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใใใฎไบบใใใใ
> ่ใใฆใใใใใใฃใฆ/่จใฃใฆใฟใใใฃใฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใ
>
> ใใใๅ
ทไฝ็ใซใใใใจใซใใใใใใใใใฎไบบใฏใใใใใใฎใ้ใๆใฃใฆใใฐ
> ๆใฃใฆใใใจใซใชใใใ ใใจใฎๅบๆบใใใใใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
ใฏใใใคใใฆใใใฎใใใใฎ้ใใงใใใ้ใชใใพใ ่ตฆใใพใใๆฎ้ใใใซใจใ
้ใฏใใฃใคใใชใใจ่จใใพใใใใใ้ใฎ้ใใใฎไบบใฎ่ณขใใๆ ใใ ใใพใใใ
ใใใ้ ญใฎ่ฏใๆใ่
ใฏ่ชๅใ้ ญใ่ฏใใจ่ชๅใง่จใฃใกใใใฎใ็ฉ็ใงDใ็ฒใฃ
ใใกใฉใใผใใใใคใใใ่จใฃใฆใใใ้ ผใใงใใใชใใฎใซใๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็ฅใฃใฆใใ
ใใจใ็งใซๆใใใใจใใใ๏ผๆผใๅฃฒใใฎใใใซ๏ผใใใใ็งใ่ณชๅใใใใจใฏ
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ญใใใใชใใใใคใใฟใใชใซๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ ญใ่ฏใใจๆใใใใใใชใใจใ
่จใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฟใใชใฏใใใใใใใฉใใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ็
ใใใฃใฆใใใใ
ใฎไปฃใใใ็ฉ็ๅฐ้ใฎใฏใคใณๅฅณๅฒใซไบบๆฐ้ไธญใใฏใคใณใฏใฏใฉในใกใผใๅ
จๅกใซ้ปๅญ
ใกใผใซใงๆใใใใใซใชใฃใฆใใใใใฃใจ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็นใๅใ็ถใใๆ็ตใฎๅนณๅ็นใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็งใฏ๏ผ๏ผใใกใชใฟใซ๏ผ๏ผ็นๅใใชใใจAใใใใชใ๏ผใจใใใใขใณใ
ใชใผใใใซใชๅฟซๆใๆใ้ใใพใใใ
ใพใใๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใชใใจใๆใใฆใใใพใใใใฏใฉในใซใใไธไบบๅคฉๆใใใใพใ
ใฆใๅๅใฏใธใงใทใฅใๅฝผใฏ๏ผ๏ผๆญณใงใฉใใใใขใผใใขใซใใฎใใใซไธๅบฆ่ใใใ
ๅฟใใชใใใใงใๅๅผทใใใซใใในใๅ
จ้จ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็น๏ผใๆๆฅญไธญใฏใใจใชใใใๅฝผ
ใฎๅฃฐใ่ใใใใใใใชใใใฏใคใณใฏใใธใงใทใฅใฏ็งใฎใใผใใ็กใใฆใๅคงไธๅคซ
ใชใใ ใใฉใใฏใฉในๅ
จๅกใซใกใผใซใ้ใใจใๅฝผใฏๅฟ
ใใใใใจใใฎ่ฟไบใใใใ
ใฆใใใใใใจ็ณใใฆใใใพใใใใ่ฅใใฎใซใใฃใใใใฆใใไบบใใใใใฎใง
ใใใพใใใฏใคใณใฏ็ดฐใใๆใพใงใใ่ฆใฆใใใใ ใใ็ฉ็ใๅบๆฅใใฎใใชใใ
ใชใใกใใฃใฆใ
> ใใฉใณในใญใใใใใฏไธๆใช่ฉฑใๆนใงใใญใใใ่ฝใกใใใใกใใใจๅฟๅพใฆใญใ
> ใใฎใใฉใณในใๆชใใจใใใชใซใใใใคใใใใใชใใจใฐใฃใใ่จใฃใฆ๏ผใ๏ผใ
> ใใใ
> ใจใชใฃใฆ่จใใชใใฃใๆนใใใใฃใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใชใฃใฆใใพใๅฑ้บๆงใใใใใ
> ใญใ
>
> ใๆจ็ปใใใใใใฐใไฟบใฎๅณใซๅบใใใฎใใชใ ใใใญใใใจ่จใฃใใใฎ่ถณใงใ
> ใใงใใใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใใใจใใใใใฉใญใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใญใ
ใใใใ๏ผใใใฎ้ใ๏ผใใงใใ่ฑ่ชใฎไธ็ใ็นใซใขใกใชใซใงใฏใใใใกใใใ
ใชใใใใช้ขจๆฝฎใใปใปใปใใใฃใใ็ฅใใใใใ ใใญใผใ
>>> ใงใใใใใใฎ็ณๅๅ
ๅฎนใๅ
ๅฟใฏใฉใใงใใใ็ด ็ดใซไผบใ่ชๅใชใใซๅๆใใ
>>> ไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใใใใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅฆๆนใจใใฆๅฝนใซ็ซใคใใฎใไฝใๅญฆใณๅใใฐใใใ
>>> ใใใชใใงใใใใใ
>>
>>
>> ใใใผใ็ก็็ก็๏ผใ็นใซ็ฑณๅฝๅบ่บซไบบใใใใฎไบบ้้ ญ่ฏใใฎใฏใใใใใใใ
>> ใฉใใใซใฐใฃใใใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ใใชใใฎใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใใๅใใใพใใญใใใใใใฃใฆๆๅญใ่ชญใใงใใฆใใ็งใฎ
> ็ถฒ่ใซๆ ใใจใจใใใซใใใใใผใญใผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่ณใฎ้ผ่ใๅบๆฟใใพใใญใ
>
> ไปใฎๆ็จฟใใใใงใใใใใฎใใฉใฐใฉใใฏ็นใซใใใงใใญใใใคใ็งใใใฎๆๆณใ
> ไฝๅๅ็ฎใใฎๆๆฟใฎใใพใใๆๅญใซใใฆใใพใใพใใใใ
ใใใใฃใใใใคใใฆใใใใชใผใใณใใคใณใใงๆฅๆฌไบบใซใฏใใใใใๆนใงใ
ใญใใใใใซไธ็ไธญใ้ฃใณๅใฃใฆใใไบบใฎในใฑใผใซใฎๅบใใจๆ่ปใใฏ็พจใพใใ้
ใใงใใใใใชใฎใซใใใคใ็งใฎๆ็ดใ่ใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
> ใใใ้ปใฃใฆใใใจใไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใใพใใญใใใใฎๆใฎใ็ฎใคใใ๏ผใจใใ
> ใฐๆชใ
> ๆๅณใซใฒใณใใใใใใพใชใใใใใชใใใพใชใใใใชใใ่ฆ็ทใใใชใ่ฆใใใซ
> ใ็ฎใฎ่กจๆ
ใใงใใญ๏ผใใฏใจใฆใๅคงๅใงใใใญใ
่ฆ็ทใญใใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใจใใปใปใปใใใ๏ผใใๆฏ๏ผใใใฏใใใ
ใใกใผใๆฅๆฌ
ใงใฏ็ธๆใฎ็ฎใ่ฆใใจๅคฑ็คผใงใใใ้ซๆ ก็ใฎๆใชใใ็ฎใๅใฃใฆไธ็ด็ใซๅผๅบ
ใใฃใใชใใฆใใจใใฃใใใใชใ๏ผใใงใใใกใใงใฏใ่ฉฑใๆใฏ็ธๆใฎ็ฎใ่ฆใฆ
่ฉฑใใฎใ็คผๅใในใใผใใงใใชใผใใฃใจใณในใฎไธไบบไธไบบใจใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใใชใ
ใใจๆใใใใใใฉใใใใใใฃใใใในใใผใใฎๅฐ่ฉใๅฟใใกใใฃใใใใ
> ๆฆไบใงใฏใชใใงใใใๆตใ้ปใฃใฆใใฐใๅฟ
่ฆไปฅไธใซๆใใงใใใใญใใใใคใผใคใผ
> ใจใใฃใฆๆญฆๅจใไธธๅบใใงๆปใใฆใใๆตใ ใฃใใใใใใใใ่ฆใใ ใใงใไธ็ฎ็ญ็ถ
> ใใฎๆตใฎๅ้ใๅใใใพใใใใญใ
ใใใใใฎใซ้ใฃใฆ่ชๅใใๅผทใใจๆใฃใฆใใงใใใ๏ผใ
ใ
> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฏๆ่ฟใใใใฃใ็คพไผไบบๅญฆ็ฟใใจใใใใใใใใฃใจ้ซใฌใใซใฎๅญฆไฝ
> ไฟฎๅพใ
> ใจใใๅฐ้่ทใฎใฉใคใปใณในไฟฎๅพใฎ่ฌๅบงใๅใใฆ่ฆใใใฎใงใใใใญใใ
ใฏใใใใฃใจๅใใใใใใใฃใใฎใงใใ
> ็งใไธ็ดใขใใใฅใข็ก็ท้ไฟกๅฃซใฎๅฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จใๅ้จใใใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎๆ็จฟ
> ใซใใๅบใฆใใ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใใใใใซๅฟ
่ฆใชๅฏพๆฐ่จ็ฎใใใ่ๆฐๆฑใใใใไฝๅ
> ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใจใใใใใใใฎ้ฃใใใๆฅฝใใฟใฎไธใคใ ใฃใ่จๆถใ
> ใใใพใใญใใใใใใใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใฉใใใฆใ็ดๅพใใใใ็่งฃใงใใชใใฃใ
> ใฎใงใ
> ใใใ็พ่ทใงๅฐ้ใจใใๆนใฎใจใใใซๆใฃใฆ่กใ่ณชๅใใใจใใใฎๆนใฏใใฃใจ
> ่จ็ฎๅผใซใใฃใจ็ฎใใใใจใ๏ผ๏ผ็งใใใชใๅ
ใซใใใใใใใฏใใใใใฎใใน
> ใใชใงใ
> ใญใใใจ่จใฃใฆๆญฃใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใใฎๅ ดใงๆธใๅบใใฆใใใใใจใใใใพใใใญใ
> ใใกใใฏใใใฎใใใซไฝๅบฆใใใฉใคใใฆใ๏ผๆ้ใ๏ผๆ้ใ็ก้งใชๆ้ใ่ฒปใใใ
> ใจใใใฎใซใใใใใใชใ็ฌใใไบๅบฆใใใพใใใญใ
ใคใใฆใใใ้ ๅผตใฃใใใงใใญใๅฎใฏ็งใซใฏใใฃใจๆทฑใ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใใใใฎใงใ้ ผ
ใใซใใฆใพใใ
>>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใไธ็พฝ็ใใฏ๏ฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฏใปใ่จ่ใซไฝฟใใพใใญใใใๆชใฎๆข
>>> ่ปธใ็ใช
>>> ่กจ็พใฎๅคใใใซใไธ็พฝ็ใใจ่จใใชใ่จใใชใใใจใใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>>>
>>> ใจใใใจใ"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใใใชใใใงใใใใใญใ
>>> ใกใใฃใจๅณๆฐใชใใงใใญใ
>>
>>
>> ็งใใใใซใฏ้ๅใงใใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ๆฅๆฌไบบใฎๆธใใ่ฑ่ชๆๆณใ็นใซใ่ฑ่ช่ชๆณไบๅ
ธใ้กใฎ่ไฝใซๆฌๅ ดใคใฎใชในใใใฎ
> ใใ
> ไธ็ใใก่ฉณใใๅฐ้ๆธใงใฏใชใใใชใใใจๆใใใใใใใใชใซๆญๅฎใใฆใใใ
> ใฎใ
> ใชใใใจใกใใฃใจไธๅฎใซใชใใใใใฎๅขใใง่งฃ่ชฌใใใฆใใใใจใใใใใฃใใ
> ใใพใ
ใชใใปใฉใใคใใฆใใใไธใง่กจ็พใใใใใ็ถฒ่ใซๆ ใใจใปใปใปใใไปใใฎใพใพ
็งใซ่ตทใใฃใฆใใพใใใ่ชญใใง่ฆใใใงใใญใใใฎ่พๆธใ
> ใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใซใใใฆใใใใฎ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใงใฏ็ ็ฉถ็ฑๅฟใชๅคๅฝไบบใใใใใใใ
> ใใฃใ
> ๆๅ
็ซฏใฎๆๆณไบ้
ใพใง็ๅ่ฆใใใใใใฏๅใใใใใจใใๆนใๆ็จฟใๅขใใฆใ
> ใใ
> ใซๆใใพใใญใ
ใงใใใคใใฃใใฎๆ่ฆใ่ใใใจๆใใฐใใใชใฎใใใใ็ก่ฆใงใๆ็ต็ใซใฏ
ใฐใผใฐใซใฎๆค็ดข็ตๆใฎๆฐใฃใฆ่จใใใ ใใใ็ฌใฃใฆใใพใใพใใญใใใใๆๅใ
ใใฐใผใฐใซใใใกใ
ใฎใใใฃใกใ็้ข็ฎใซๅฟใใฆใใใใฎใใใพใใใใใ
> ใใใชๆนใๅขใใฆใใใจใ"The Best Three"ใใงใฏๅใ่พผใๆฐๅญใ้ใใใฆใใ
> ใฎใงใ
> ๅ็ดใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ็จใใใปใใใๅฃ่ชฟใจใใฆใ๏ผธใซไปฃๅ
ฅ
> ใใๆฐๅญใซๆใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใพใใใใญใ
>
> ใใใไธใงใ็บใฃใใใใชใใฎใใฎใ้ๅใใฎๆๅณใฏ๏ผ
> ใใฎใใชใใฎๆฒใใใๆชๅฝนไธๅฝนใใซๅฏพใใ่จ่ใงใใใใใญใ
ไธ็พฝ็ใจใใใฐใใจใใใซๅนๆตใใ่ฑ่จณใงใคใใฆใใใฎๆใใ the best three
ๅใณ the worst three ใฎไปใฎ่กจ็พใ่ฆใคใใใชใใฃใใใใงใใใงใใใใใฐ
ใใจใใใฏใThree Stoogesใใงใใใใใช๏ผ
http://images.google.com/images?q=three%20stooges&num=30&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi
You did a lot of work. I for one find it interesting, and if I had to
write a seminar paper I might use it as seed.
Some I found particularly striking are
> ๅณ 27,600 10,200 37,800 27.0%
> ๅทฆ 24,500 9,150 33,650 27.2%,
more equal than one might hope for,
compared to
> ๅ 11,800 8,540 20,340 42.0%
> ๆฑ 8,640 6,870 15,510 44.3%
and
> ๅ 13,800 25,300 39,100 64.7%
> ่ฅฟ 10,600 25,600 36,200 70.7%
Also
> ๆชๆฅ 13,400 8,170 21,570 37.9%
vs.
> ้ๅป 664 5,060 5,724 88.4%
And this strikes me as almost weird:
> ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%
Bart
a lot of work...but this search doesn't check if they are used with "iru/aru",
or "iku" or the kind of them, isn't it?
For a seminar paper, at least the persentage of "-ni iru/aru" and "-ni iku/mukau/etc"
among the number of "-ni" is needed to extract any meaning hypothesis, isn't it?
>
> And this strikes me as almost weird:
>
>>ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%
>
I think, this is because people talk less often about what/who "is" in the bedroom,
than goint "to" the bedroom...
muchan
Here's what Hiroyuki said in his original post:
> I searched usages of [noun]+ใซ่กใ and [noun]+
> ใธ่กใin the google database with fity four
> nouns popping into my head at random.
>
> Unexpectedly, the ratios of ใธ่กใ-usage spreaded
> over a wide range, from 0.00% (็ดๅ chokuzen) to
> 88.4% (้ๅป kako). Since contexts were ignored,
> each ratio must have a different bias caused by
> different frequencies of appearance of each word
> in various contexts.
I'm not sure how he did his Googling (i.e., did he search for "็ดๅใธ่ก
ใ" or ็ดๅใธ่กใ or ็ดๅใใธ่กใ, but he seems to have been aware of
the issue you mention.
--
Curt Fischer
Every phrase that I used as a query was quoted like "็ดๅใธ่กใ",
but I have not yet understood the issue muchan mentioned, so
I cannot say anything about it.
Hiroyuki
I might have agreed with you before I searched google with ใธ่กใusage.
Now, it cannot be quite so simple. When you use ใธ instead of ใซ, you
might want just to euphemize it, but I know ๅฉๆฒ่กจ็พ overlaps with what
you said.
Imagine this scene. You have a guest, and pointing to a seat you offer
to sit down with him. โใฉใใใใใกใใธใๅใใใ ใใใ"
Or you would also say "ใฉใใใใใกใใซใๅใใใ ใใใ"
In both expressions where you want him to sit is clear. I think that ใธ
makes the imperative nuance reduced.
I was very surprised at so high frecquent usage of ๅฏๅฎคใธ่กใ compared
to ๅฏๅฎคใซ่กใ, but I began to think that they would say ๅฏๅฎคใธ่กใwhen
euphemizing ๅฏๅฎคใซ่กใ to exclude or hide sexual nuance.
Hiroyuki
I read the message of Hiroyuki which Bart quoted.
That is, the one which started with
>: Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
>: but I guess some people are interested in it.
>:
>: This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.
>: ใใใ ใ ใซใ ใธ total ใธ/total
>: ็ดๅ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%
>: (snip)
( ':' is added by me only to distinguish from the message I'm currently replying)
And from that, I didn't see that the search was done with "่กใ".
If so, then "the issue muchan mentioned" is non-existing...
I'm sorry.
As most of Google statistics, it may show some tendency of something, but if
we start to believe some noun should be used more with -ni than -e or vis versa,
it may loose the point. I believe -ni and -e have different meaning/nuance/implication
and people use/distinguishe them according to the context they are using them.
muchan
ๅฉๆฒ่กจ็พ or "reduced imperative nuance" can fit with the explanation of
"-e = open-end" (vs "-ni pointed-direction").
muchan
>
> ใพใใๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใชใใจใๆใใฆใใใพใใใใฏใฉในใซใใไธไบบๅคฉๆใใใใพใ
> ใฆใๅๅใฏใธใงใทใฅใๅฝผใฏ๏ผ๏ผๆญณใงใฉใใใใขใผใใขใซใใฎใใใซไธๅบฆ่ใใใ
> ๅฟใใชใใใใงใๅๅผทใใใซใใในใๅ
จ้จ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็น๏ผใๆๆฅญไธญใฏใใจใชใใใๅฝผ
> ใฎๅฃฐใ่ใใใใใใใชใใใฏใคใณใฏใใธใงใทใฅใฏ็งใฎใใผใใ็กใใฆใๅคงไธๅคซ
> ใชใใ ใใฉใใฏใฉในๅ
จๅกใซใกใผใซใ้ใใจใๅฝผใฏๅฟ
ใใใใใจใใฎ่ฟไบใใใใ
> ใฆใใใใใใจ็ณใใฆใใใพใใใใ่ฅใใฎใซใใฃใใใใฆใใไบบใใใใใฎใง
> ใใใพใใใฏใคใณใฏ็ดฐใใๆใพใงใใ่ฆใฆใใใใ ใใ็ฉ็ใๅบๆฅใใฎใใชใใ
> ใชใใกใใฃใฆใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใตใผใใไธใซใฏไธใใใใใฎใ ใญใ
ใใใชๅ ดๅใใใใใใจใใใฏใชใใชใ่จใใชใใญใ
ใใธใงใทใฅใใใใใใใธใงใทใฅใใใใชใใๅฝผใซใฏใใในใใจใใๅใใตใใใใใญใ
>
>> ใใฉใณในใญใใใใใฏไธๆใช่ฉฑใๆนใงใใญใใใ่ฝใกใใใใกใใใจๅฟๅพใฆใญใ
>> ใใฎใใฉใณในใๆชใใจใใใชใซใใใใคใใใใใชใใจใฐใฃใใ่จใฃใฆ๏ผใ๏ผใ
>> ใใใ
>> ใจใชใฃใฆ่จใใชใใฃใๆนใใใใฃใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใชใฃใฆใใพใๅฑ้บๆงใใใใใ
>>
>> ใญใ
>>
>> ใๆจ็ปใใใใใใฐใไฟบใฎๅณใซๅบใใใฎใใชใ ใใใญใใใจ่จใฃใใใฎ่ถณใงใ
>> ใใงใใใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใใใจใใใใใฉใญใใใจใใๅ
ทๅใซใญใ
>
> ใใใใ๏ผใใใฎ้ใ๏ผใใงใใ่ฑ่ชใฎไธ็ใ็นใซใขใกใชใซใงใฏใใใใกใใใ
> ใชใใใใช้ขจๆฝฎใใปใปใปใใใฃใใ็ฅใใใใใ ใใญใผใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
่ชๅใฎๆชใใจใใใฏใใใใใ่ชๅใใ่จใใชใใฆใใใใใ ใใญใ
ใ ใพใฃใจใใฐใใใใ ใใใใพใซๆไผใง ใงใใใ ใๅฐใใใใฎใใ"confess"
ใใใฐใใใฎใงใใญใ
>
>>>> ใงใใใใใใฎ็ณๅๅ
ๅฎนใๅ
ๅฟใฏใฉใใงใใใ็ด ็ดใซไผบใ่ชๅใชใใซๅๆใใ
>>>> ไปๅบฆใฏ่ชๅใใใใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅฆๆนใจใใฆๅฝนใซ็ซใคใใฎใไฝใๅญฆใณๅใใฐใใใ
>>>> ใใใชใใงใใใใใ
>>>
>>>
>>> ใใใผใ็ก็็ก็๏ผใ็นใซ็ฑณๅฝๅบ่บซไบบใใใใฎไบบ้้ ญ่ฏใใฎใฏใใใใใใใ
>>> ใฉใใใซใฐใฃใใใ
>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ใใชใใฎใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใใๅใใใพใใญใใใใใใฃใฆๆๅญใ่ชญใใงใใฆใใ็งใฎ
>> ็ถฒ่ใซๆ ใใจใจใใใซใใใใใผใญใผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่ณใฎ้ผ่ใๅบๆฟใใพใใญใ
>>
>>
>> ไปใฎๆ็จฟใใใใงใใใใใฎใใฉใฐใฉใใฏ็นใซใใใงใใญใใใคใ็งใใใฎๆๆณใ
>>
>> ไฝๅๅ็ฎใใฎๆๆฟใฎใใพใใๆๅญใซใใฆใใพใใพใใใใ
>
> ใใใใฃใใใใคใใฆใใใใชใผใใณใใคใณใใงๆฅๆฌไบบใซใฏใใใใใๆนใงใ
> ใญใใใใใซไธ็ไธญใ้ฃใณๅใฃใฆใใไบบใฎในใฑใผใซใฎๅบใใจๆ่ปใใฏ็พจใพใใ้
> ใใงใใใใใชใฎใซใใใคใ็งใฎๆ็ดใ่ใใฆใใใฆใใใใจใใ
>
>> ใใใ้ปใฃใฆใใใจใไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใใพใใญใใใใฎๆใฎใ็ฎใคใใ๏ผใจใใ
>> ใฐๆชใ
>> ๆๅณใซใฒใณใใใใใใพใชใใใใใชใใใพใชใใใใชใใ่ฆ็ทใใใชใ่ฆใใใซ
>>
>> ใ็ฎใฎ่กจๆ
ใใงใใญ๏ผใใฏใจใฆใๅคงๅใงใใใญใ
>
> ่ฆ็ทใญใใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใจใใปใปใปใใใ๏ผใใๆฏ๏ผใใใฏใใใ
ใใกใผใๆฅๆฌ
> ใงใฏ็ธๆใฎ็ฎใ่ฆใใจๅคฑ็คผใงใใใ้ซๆ ก็ใฎๆใชใใ็ฎใๅใฃใฆไธ็ด็ใซๅผๅบ
> ใใฃใใชใใฆใใจใใฃใใใใชใ๏ผใใงใใใกใใงใฏใ่ฉฑใๆใฏ็ธๆใฎ็ฎใ่ฆใฆ
> ่ฉฑใใฎใ็คผๅใในใใผใใงใใชใผใใฃใจใณในใฎไธไบบไธไบบใจใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใใชใ
> ใใจๆใใใใใใฉใใใใใใฃใใใในใใผใใฎๅฐ่ฉใๅฟใใกใใฃใใใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใ ใใใ ใ็ฎใฎ่ฆ็ทใใใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใใใใๅคงๅใชใใงใใญใใ็ขบใใซ
ใขใคใณใใฅใใฑใคใทใงใณใฃใฆใใใใฎใญใใ็ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใใใใใใใใไปฅไธใซ
ใใฎใ่ชใใใงใใญใ
>
>
>> ๆฆไบใงใฏใชใใงใใใๆตใ้ปใฃใฆใใฐใๅฟ
่ฆไปฅไธใซๆใใงใใใใญใใใใคใผใคใผ
>>
>> ใจใใฃใฆๆญฆๅจใไธธๅบใใงๆปใใฆใใๆตใ ใฃใใใใใใใใ่ฆใใ ใใงใไธ็ฎ็ญ็ถ
>>
>> ใใฎๆตใฎๅ้ใๅใใใพใใใใญใ
>
> ใใใใใฎใซ้ใฃใฆ่ชๅใใๅผทใใจๆใฃใฆใใงใใใ๏ผใ
> ใ
>> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฏๆ่ฟใใใใฃใ็คพไผไบบๅญฆ็ฟใใจใใใใใใใใฃใจ้ซใฌใใซใฎๅญฆไฝ
>> ไฟฎๅพใ
>> ใจใใๅฐ้่ทใฎใฉใคใปใณในไฟฎๅพใฎ่ฌๅบงใๅใใฆ่ฆใใใฎใงใใใใญใใ
>
> ใฏใใใใฃใจๅใใใใใใใฃใใฎใงใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
็ขบใใซไฝใงใๅคงใใซๅญฆ็ฟใใฆใ็ใใฆใใ้ใใฏใชใใฎใฟใกใซใใใฆใงใใใใ
ใฅใคใงใ้ฒๆญฉใใใใใฎใงใใญใ
>
>> ็งใไธ็ดใขใใใฅใข็ก็ท้ไฟกๅฃซใฎๅฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จใๅ้จใใใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฎๆ็จฟ
>> ใซใใๅบใฆใใ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใใใใใซๅฟ
่ฆใชๅฏพๆฐ่จ็ฎใใใ่ๆฐๆฑใใใใไฝๅ
>> ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใจใใใใใใใฎ้ฃใใใๆฅฝใใฟใฎไธใคใ ใฃใ่จๆถใ
>>
>> ใใใพใใญใใใใใใใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใฉใใใฆใ็ดๅพใใใใ็่งฃใงใใชใใฃใ
>> ใฎใงใ
>> ใใใ็พ่ทใงๅฐ้ใจใใๆนใฎใจใใใซๆใฃใฆ่กใ่ณชๅใใใจใใใฎๆนใฏใใฃใจ
>> ่จ็ฎๅผใซใใฃใจ็ฎใใใใจใ๏ผ๏ผ็งใใใชใๅ
ใซใใใใใใใฏใใใใใฎใใน
>> ใใชใงใ
>> ใญใใใจ่จใฃใฆๆญฃใใ่จ็ฎๅผใใใฎๅ ดใงๆธใๅบใใฆใใใใใจใใใใพใใใญใ
>> ใใกใใฏใใใฎใใใซไฝๅบฆใใใฉใคใใฆใ๏ผๆ้ใ๏ผๆ้ใ็ก้งใชๆ้ใ่ฒปใใใ
>>
>> ใจใใใฎใซใใใใใใชใ็ฌใใไบๅบฆใใใพใใใญใ
>
> ใคใใฆใใใ้ ๅผตใฃใใใงใใญใๅฎใฏ็งใซใฏใใฃใจๆทฑใ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใใใใฎใงใ้ ผ
> ใใซใใฆใพใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใใฎๅ้ใฏ็งใฎๅฐ้ๅคใ ใฃใใฎใงใๅ
ใซ่งๅๆ ผใฌใดใงใซ็ฎๆใใฆไธ็ๆธๅฝ
ๅๅผท็ญๆ้ใงๅๅผทใใพใใใญใใ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฟใใใซใ๏ผกใขใดใงใฌใใธใฏใชใใชใๅใฃใ
ใใจใฏใชใใใ่ชๅทฑ่ฉไพก๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็นใใใใงใในใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใใๅฐ้ๅคๅ้
ใชใฎใงใๅ็ดใฎ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใจ็ๅฎใซ่จ็ปใฉใใใใใใใฃใฆใใใพใใใญใ
>
>>>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใไธ็พฝ็ใใฏ๏ฝ๏ผไธญ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฏใปใ่จ่ใซไฝฟใใพใใญใใใๆชใฎๆข
>>>> ่ปธใ็ใช
>>>> ่กจ็พใฎๅคใใใซใไธ็พฝ็ใใจ่จใใชใ่จใใชใใใจใใชใใงใใใใใฉใญใ
>>>>
>>>> ใจใใใจใ"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใใใชใใใงใใใใใญใ
>>>> ใกใใฃใจๅณๆฐใชใใงใใญใ
>>>
>>>
>>> ็งใใใใซใฏ้ๅใงใใ
>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ๆฅๆฌไบบใฎๆธใใ่ฑ่ชๆๆณใ็นใซใ่ฑ่ช่ชๆณไบๅ
ธใ้กใฎ่ไฝใซๆฌๅ ดใคใฎใชในใใใฎ
>> ใใ
>> ไธ็ใใก่ฉณใใๅฐ้ๆธใงใฏใชใใใชใใใจๆใใใใใใใใชใซๆญๅฎใใฆใใใ
>> ใฎใ
>> ใชใใใจใกใใฃใจไธๅฎใซใชใใใใใฎๅขใใง่งฃ่ชฌใใใฆใใใใจใใใใใฃใใ
>> ใใพใ
>
> ใชใใปใฉใใคใใฆใใใไธใง่กจ็พใใใใใ็ถฒ่ใซๆ ใใจใปใปใปใใไปใใฎใพใพ
> ็งใซ่ตทใใฃใฆใใพใใใ่ชญใใง่ฆใใใงใใญใใใฎ่พๆธใ
>
>> ใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใซใใใฆใใใใฎ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใงใฏ็ ็ฉถ็ฑๅฟใชๅคๅฝไบบใใใใใใใ
>> ใใฃใ
>> ๆๅ
็ซฏใฎๆๆณไบ้
ใพใง็ๅ่ฆใใใใใใฏๅใใใใใจใใๆนใๆ็จฟใๅขใใฆใ
>> ใใ
>> ใซๆใใพใใญใ
>
> ใงใใใคใใฃใใฎๆ่ฆใ่ใใใจๆใใฐใใใชใฎใใใใ็ก่ฆใงใๆ็ต็ใซใฏ
> ใฐใผใฐใซใฎๆค็ดข็ตๆใฎๆฐใฃใฆ่จใใใ ใใใ็ฌใฃใฆใใพใใพใใญใใใใๆๅใ
> ใใฐใผใฐใซใใใกใ
ใฎใใใฃใกใ็้ข็ฎใซๅฟใใฆใใใใฎใใใพใใใใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใฐใผใฐใซใฎๆค็ดข็ตๆใใฟใชใใ็ตถๅฏพใชใไฟก้ ผใๅฏใใฆใฟใใใใใงใใญใ
ไพใใฐ่ชฐใใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใใใงใใใใพใใใใจใใใใใใใใใใใพใใใใ
ใจใ่จใฃใ/ๆๅญใซใใใใจใใฆใใใใใซใฆใณใใใใใใงใใใใใใฎๅบใฆใใ
ใใผใฟใผใฏๆใใใใใใใพใใใญใ
>
>
>> ใใใชๆนใๅขใใฆใใใจใ"The Best Three"ใใงใฏๅใ่พผใๆฐๅญใ้ใใใฆใใ
>> ใฎใงใ
>> ๅ็ดใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ็จใใใปใใใๅฃ่ชฟใจใใฆใ๏ผธใซไปฃๅ
ฅ
>>
>> ใใๆฐๅญใซๆใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใพใใใใญใ
>>
>> ใใใไธใงใ็บใฃใใใใชใใฎใใฎใ้ๅใใฎๆๅณใฏ๏ผ
>> ใใฎใใชใใฎๆฒใใใๆชๅฝนไธๅฝนใใซๅฏพใใ่จ่ใงใใใใใญใ
>
> ไธ็พฝ็ใจใใใฐใใจใใใซๅนๆตใใ่ฑ่จณใงใคใใฆใใใฎๆใใ the best three
> ๅใณ the worst three ใฎไปใฎ่กจ็พใ่ฆใคใใใชใใฃใใใใงใใใงใใใใใฐ
> ใใจใใใฏใThree Stoogesใใงใใใใใช๏ผ
>
> http://images.google.com/images?q=three%20stooges&num=30&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi
>
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
stooge ใจใใๅ่ชใฏๅใใฆใงใใใใใชใใปใฉใญใ่ฑ่ชๅใงใฏใใใชใใชใชใใกใใ
ใThree Stoogesใใ๏ผ๏ผไบบใณใณใ๏ผใจใใฆไบบๆฐใใใใฎใงใใญใใใใใใใใณใณใใใใใ
ใใใใ่ฑ่ชใฎcombination ใใๅ็จใใใซใฟใซใๆฅๆฌ่ชใงใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
ใ
> As most of Google statistics, it may show some tendency of something, but
if
> we start to believe some noun should be used more with -ni than -e or vis
versa,
> it may loose the point. I believe -ni and -e have different
meaning/nuance/implication
> and people use/distinguishe them according to the context they are using
them.
Exactly.
Hiroyuki
> ๅฉๆฒ่กจ็พ or "reduced imperative nuance" can fit with the explanation of
> "-e = open-end" (vs "-ni pointed-direction").
Yes.
Like "ๅฒใใฎใปใใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผ" instead of "ๅฒใใฏใฉใใงใใ๏ผ"
As you know, ใปใ means direction and you often use it to make
your expressions softer or .vague.
Hiroyuki
> ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใจใฏใใใใญใใใ๏ผ๏ผใใใใใใ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใใชใผใซ๏ผกใใ ใจใใค
> ใใฎ
> ใในใใง่จใฃใฆใพใใใญใ
ใใใใใใใงใใญใไปๅๅใใฆๅฎ็ฟใงBๅใใพใใใใใใใซใฏใกใใฃใจใใ
ใใใใใพใใฆใญใ่ฉฑใใจ้ทใใชใใใงใใใBๅๅๅพใฎ่จๅฟตใซ่ฉฑใใกใใใพใใ
็งใฎๅฎ็ฟใฐใซใผใใฎใคใณในใใฉใฏใฟใผใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใจๅผใถใใจใซใใพใใๅฝผๅฅณ
ใซใคใใฆใฏๅ
่ผฉ้ใใใใพใใพใชๅใ่ใใฆใใใๅๆฅญ็ใซใฏ่ฉๅคใๅฅฝใใๅจๆ ก
็ใฎๅ
่ผฉ้ใ็นใซๆ็ธพใฎ่ฏใๅชๅๅฎถใฎๅญฆ็ใฏใใฃใใใใซใใใใใใฆใใใ
ใใฎๅ ็ใฏไธไฝไฝ่ ใ ใใ๏ผ
ใพใ ใพใ ๆๅพใฎๅคๆญใฏใใใใชใใใใฉใไปใฎๆใฏใใฎใใใชๅ ็ใใใใปใปใป
ใฐใญใชใขๅ ็ใฏAใๅใใใจใใๅญฆ็ใซใฏAใใใใชใใ
ใปใปใปใใใฏใใใใซใใใฆใใใฆใ
ใใฆใ็งใฎๅฎ็ฟใฎๆๅพใฎๆฅใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใฏ็งใฎ็นๆฐใ่จ็ฎใใฆๅ่จ็นใจใขใซ
ใใกใใใใฎๆ็ธพใใใฃใใใจ็จ็ดใซๆธใใใใขใซใใกใใใใฎใฌใฟใผใฏAใ ใฃ
ใใ็ดๅพใใฆๅธฐๅฎ
ใใใใใๅ
้ฑใๅฝผๅฅณใใ็งใซ้ปๅญใกใผใซใๆฅใฆใใ็งใฎ้้
ใใ่ตฆใใฆไธใใใใใชใใฏBใงใใๅ้กใใใฃใใๆๆฅ็งใฎใชใใฃในใซใใใฃ
ใใใใใใจใใฃใฆใใชใBใชใฎใ่ชฌๆใ่ฟฐในใใใฆใใใใทใงใใฏใ่ตทใใฆไธ
ๆฉใใใใใใใกใฉใใผใฎใใใซ่ฝ็ฌฌใใใใใใใชใใฎใงใใใๅๅพฉใใใๆ
ๅใทใงใใฏใ ใฃใใใBใฏๆชใๆ็ธพใใใชใใงใใใใจ่ฟไบใ้ใฃใใ็ดใใซ
ใใใใใจใใใฎ่ฟ็ญใใใฃใใ
ไปฒ่ฏใใใฆใใใๅ
่ผฉใซๅบๆฅไบใ่ฉฑใใฆใฟใใจใๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปใพใงใใใใฃใจ่ฉณใใ
่ฉฑใใฆใใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ straight-A student ใ ใฃใใใๅใใฆใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใใ
Bใใใใฃใฆๆใ็ใฃใใจใใใใใใงๅๅผทใซ้ไธญใงใใชใใฆใไปใฎใฏใฉในใงใB
ๅใฃใกใใฃใใจใใใๅฝผๅฅณใฎใฏใฉในใกใผใใฎไธญใซใฏไธๆบใง Dean ๏ผๅญฆ้จ้ท๏ผ๏ผใพ
ใง่ฆๆ
ใ้ใฃใ่
ใใใใจ่จใใไธญใซใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ้ใฃใใฏใฉในใกใผใใใใใจใ
ใใชใใจใใปใปใป
ๅ
่ผฉใฏใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใฏใใชใใซBใใใฃใใใฉใใช้ขจใซๅๅฟใใใ่ฆใใฎใใ
ใงใใใชใใฏใในใใใฎใใใ
ๆฎ้ใStraight-A student ใจ่จใฃใใใใผใใงใฏใใงใใใใ่ชๅใงใ็ฅใใ
็ฅใใใซๆใไธใใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใฏใใใใฃใๆใใใ่ชไฟกใ
ใผใใผใใซใถใกๅฃใใฆใใใ็จใชๆๅธซใชใใงใใใใ
ๅ
่ผฉใจ็งใฏใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใซใใใฃใใBใใฏใ"Better than A" ใจใใฆไบไบบใงๅ
ๆใซ็ดๅพใ
> ใตใผใใไธใซใฏไธใใใใใฎใ ใญใ
> ใใใชๅ ดๅใใใใใใจใใใฏใชใใชใ่จใใชใใญใ
ใขใกใชใซไบบใใพใ ใพใ ๆจใฆใใใฎใใใชใใงใใใฏใใใ็ซๆดพใชไบบใใใใใฎใงใใ
> ใใธใงใทใฅใใใใใใใธใงใทใฅใใใใชใใๅฝผใซใฏใใในใใจใใๅใใตใใ
> ใใใญใ
ๅฉๆใญใ็งใใใคใใฎใใใใ่จใใใใชใจๅพ
ใกๆงใใฆใใพใใใใฉใๅฝผใฏๅฐๆฅ
ๅป่
ใซใชใใฃใฆใ
> ่ชๅใฎๆชใใจใใใฏใใใใใ่ชๅใใ่จใใชใใฆใใใใใ ใใญใ
> ใ ใพใฃใจใใฐใใใใ ใใใใพใซๆไผใง ใงใใใ ใๅฐใใใใฎใใ"confess"
> ใใใฐใใใฎใงใใญใ
่ชๆ
ขใฎๆๅใฎใขใกใชใซใณใซใซใใฃใผใปใปใปใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใ
ใฆใใขใกใชใซไบบใฏๆฅๆฌใฎใขใในใใชในใฟใคใซใซใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใชใใ
ใงใใไธใคใฎๆใใฏใใใฎใฐใซใผใใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใฐใซใผใใ ใฃใฆใใจใ
> ใใใ ใใใ ใ็ฎใฎ่ฆ็ทใใใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใใใใๅคงๅใชใใงใใญใใ็ขบใใซ
> ใขใคใณใใฅใใฑใคใทใงใณใฃใฆใใใใฎใญใใ็ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใใใใใใใใไปฅไธใซ
> ใใฎใ่ชใใใงใใญใ
ๆฒใใใใจใซๆฌๅฝใงใใ
> ใใใใฎๅ้ใฏ็งใฎๅฐ้ๅคใ ใฃใใฎใงใๅ
ใซ่งๅๆ ผใฌใดใงใซ็ฎๆใใฆไธ็ๆธๅฝ
> ๅๅผท็ญๆ้ใงๅๅผทใใพใใใญใใ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฟใใใซใ๏ผกใขใดใงใฌใใธใฏใชใใช
> ใๅใฃใ
> ใใจใฏใชใใใ่ชๅทฑ่ฉไพก๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็นใใใใงใในใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใใๅฐ้
> ๅคๅ้
> ใชใฎใงใๅ็ดใฎ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใจ็ๅฎใซ่จ็ปใฉใใใใใใใฃใฆใใใพ
> ใใใญใ
่จ็ปใใใใจใๆใ้ใใใใใฎใฏๅคขใๅฎ็พใใใใจใจๅใใงใใใใญใใใใฏ
ใใใใใจใงใใใใใจใใใงใ็งใฎ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใฎใฏใฉในใฎใคใณในใใฉใฏใฟใผใฏใฐ
ใญใชใขๅ
็ใงใใใใใใใฎใใฟใงใใ
> ใฐใผใฐใซใฎๆค็ดข็ตๆใใฟใชใใ็ตถๅฏพใชใไฟก้ ผใๅฏใใฆใฟใใใใใงใใญใ
> ไพใใฐ่ชฐใใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใใใงใใใใพใใใใจใใใใใใใใใใใพ
> ใใใใ
> ใจใ่จใฃใ/ๆๅญใซใใใใจใใฆใใใใใซใฆใณใใใใใใงใใใใใใฎๅบใฆใใ
> ใใผใฟใผใฏๆใใใใใใใพใใใญใ
ใคใณใฟใผใใใใๆฎๅใใ ใใฆใไธ่ฌไบบใ็พๅจใฎใใใซๆฐ่ปฝใซไฝฟใใใใใซใชใฃ
ใใฎใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนดไปฅ้ใงใใใใใ ใใๆ่ฟใฎๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใใงใใใญใ
ใใๅบๆฅใใฎใซใใธใงใทใฅใๅใใใใใฃใใใฉใใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใใใใใฟใทใฎๅๅใใ
ใชใใงใใใใใใใใใฐใญ๏ผใผ๏ผใชใขในใชใ๏ผใ๏ผๅๅใงใใญใใใใใใๅฎ้ใ็บ้ณ
ใฏใใฐใญใผใชใขใใจไผธใฐใใฎใงใใใใ
๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใใใฏใๆไผใฎchoirใฎใกใณใใผใ ใฃใใใงใใใใใ่ณ็พๆญใซใฏใใใ
ใใฐใญใผใชใผใใไฝๅบฆใใชใใผใใใใฎใใใใพใใใญใ
>
>
>> ใตใผใใไธใซใฏไธใใใใใฎใ ใญใ
>> ใใใชๅ ดๅใใใใใใจใใใฏใชใใชใ่จใใชใใญใ
>
> ใขใกใชใซไบบใใพใ ใพใ ๆจใฆใใใฎใใใชใใงใใใฏใใใ็ซๆดพใชไบบใใใใใฎใงใใ
>
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใใใใฏใใใใจใงใใใใไธปไบบไปฅๅคใฎใขใกใชใซไบบใใใใใฃใฆใปใใใใใจใใ
ใฎใใใใใจใงใใญใ
>
>
>> ใใธใงใทใฅใใใใใใใธใงใทใฅใใใใชใใๅฝผใซใฏใใในใใจใใๅใใตใใ
>> ใใใญใ
>
> ๅฉๆใญใ็งใใใคใใฎใใใใ่จใใใใชใจๅพ
ใกๆงใใฆใใพใใใใฉใๅฝผใฏๅฐๆฅ
> ๅป่
ใซใชใใฃใฆใ
>
>
>> ่ชๅใฎๆชใใจใใใฏใใใใใ่ชๅใใ่จใใชใใฆใใใใใ ใใญใ
>> ใ ใพใฃใจใใฐใใใใ ใใใใพใซๆไผใง ใงใใใ ใๅฐใใใใฎใใ"confess"
>> ใใใฐใใใฎใงใใญใ
>
> ่ชๆ
ขใฎๆๅใฎใขใกใชใซใณใซใซใใฃใผใปใปใปใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใ
> ใฆใใขใกใชใซไบบใฏๆฅๆฌใฎใขใในใใชในใฟใคใซใซใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใชใใ
> ใงใใไธใคใฎๆใใฏใใใฎใฐใซใผใใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใฐใซใผใใ ใฃใฆใใจใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใใใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่ฑ่ชใฏๅๅผทใงใใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅๅผทใซใชใใใใจใฃใฆใ
ใใใญใใ๏ผๆๅญ็่ชใใไธๆไธกๅพใใจใใใฎใใชใใไธ็ณไบ้ณฅใใใใใ ใใญใ
>
>
>> ใใใ ใใใ ใ็ฎใฎ่ฆ็ทใใใขใคใณใณใฟใฏใใใใใๅคงๅใชใใงใใญใใ็ขบใใซ
>> ใขใคใณใใฅใใฑใคใทใงใณใฃใฆใใใใฎใญใใ็ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใใใใใใใใไปฅไธใซ
>> ใใฎใ่ชใใใงใใญใ
>
> ๆฒใใใใจใซๆฌๅฝใงใใ
>
>
>> ใใใใฎๅ้ใฏ็งใฎๅฐ้ๅคใ ใฃใใฎใงใๅ
ใซ่งๅๆ ผใฌใดใงใซ็ฎๆใใฆไธ็ๆธๅฝ
>> ๅๅผท็ญๆ้ใงๅๅผทใใพใใใญใใ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใฟใใใซใ๏ผกใขใดใงใฌใใธใฏใชใใช
>> ใๅใฃใ
>> ใใจใฏใชใใใ่ชๅทฑ่ฉไพก๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ็นใใใใงใในใ ใฃใใจๆใใพใใใใๅฐ้
>> ๅคๅ้
>> ใชใฎใงใๅ็ดใฎ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใ๏ผ็ดใจ็ๅฎใซ่จ็ปใฉใใใใใใใฃใฆใใใพ
>> ใใใญใ
>
> ่จ็ปใใใใจใๆใ้ใใใใใฎใฏๅคขใๅฎ็พใใใใจใจๅใใงใใใใญใใใใฏ
> ใใใใใจใงใใใใใจใใใงใ็งใฎ้ปๆฐๅทฅๅญฆใฎใฏใฉในใฎใคใณในใใฉใฏใฟใผใฏใฐ
> ใญใชใขๅ
็ใงใใใใใใใฎใใฟใงใใ
>
>
>> ใฐใผใฐใซใฎๆค็ดข็ตๆใใฟใชใใ็ตถๅฏพใชใไฟก้ ผใๅฏใใฆใฟใใใใใงใใญใ
>> ไพใใฐ่ชฐใใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใใใงใใใใพใใใใจใใใใใใใใใใใพ
>> ใใใใ
>> ใจใ่จใฃใ/ๆๅญใซใใใใจใใฆใใใใใซใฆใณใใใใใใงใใใใใใฎๅบใฆใใ
>>
>> ใใผใฟใผใฏๆใใใใใใใพใใใญใ
>
> ใคใณใฟใผใใใใๆฎๅใใ ใใฆใไธ่ฌไบบใ็พๅจใฎใใใซๆฐ่ปฝใซไฝฟใใใใใซใชใฃ
> ใใฎใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนดไปฅ้ใงใใใใใ ใใๆ่ฟใฎๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใใงใใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใฆใๆใซ่ฒ ใใชใใงใใญใใๆฒขๅฑฑๅ้ใใฆใใๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใซๅบใฆใใชใใจ
ๆๅณใชใใใญใใ
ไพฟๅฉใชๅ็ฉใๅคใใชใฃใใฎใงใใใใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใใจๆใใใใจใใใใพใใญใใ
่ด
ๆฒขใ ใใฉใญใใใๅคงไบใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใใงใใพใฃใฆๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใใๅบใฆใใชใใฃใ
ใใใใใใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆใๅ ๆใใฆใใใใดใใใจๅใใใจใงใใใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
> ใใฎใใใใๅฎๅ จใซๅญฆ็ๆฐๅใซๆปใใฆใใใงใใญใใๅญฆ็ฟใฏๆฅฝใใใญใ
ใฏใฏใฏใใใฃใฆใใๆฌไบบใฏๅๅๆใฎๅไบบใฎใใใ ใใฉใญใ
> ใใๅบๆฅใใฎใซใใธใงใทใฅใๅใใใใใฃใใใฉใใใฐใญใชใขๅ
็ใใใใใฟใท
> ใฎๅๅใใ
> ใชใใงใใใใ
ใฏใใ็ฉ็ๅญฆใฎๅฅณ็ใฎใฏใคใณ๏ผใใฎใใใใฏใฏใฉในใงใใฃใใๅใใใจ่จใใ
ใใๅฝ็ถใฃใฆๆใใ ใฃใ๏ผ
>ใใใใใฐใญ๏ผใผ๏ผใชใขในใชใ๏ผใ๏ผๅๅใงใใญใใใใใใๅฎ
> ้ใ็บ้ณ
> ใฏใใฐใญใผใชใขใใจไผธใฐใใฎใงใใใใ
ใใใใ็ๅพไปฅๅคใฏใฟใใชใใฐใญใชใขใใจๅผใใงใพใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใฎ็บ้ณใงใใใฃ
ใใ้ใใใจๆใใ
> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใใใฏใๆไผใฎchoirใฎใกใณใใผใ ใฃใใใงใใใใใ่ณ็พๆญใซใฏใใใ
> ใใฐใญใผใชใผใใไฝๅบฆใใชใใผใใใใฎใใใใพใใใญใ
ใใใพใใญใผใไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใใใฐใญใชใขใใจๆญใ็ฎๆใใใใใใงใใใใฐใ
ใใฎ้ใฏๆ ๅ
ใฏใใฃใใ(no thanks)ใงใใใใพใใญใ
>> ่ชๆ
ขใฎๆๅใฎใขใกใชใซใณใซใซใใฃใผใปใปใปใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใ
>> ใฆใใขใกใชใซไบบใฏๆฅๆฌใฎใขใในใใชในใฟใคใซใซใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใชใใ
>> ใงใใไธใคใฎๆใใฏใใใฎใฐใซใผใใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใฐใซใผใใ ใฃใฆใใจใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ใใใใใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่ฑ่ชใฏๅๅผทใงใใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅๅผทใซใชใใใใจใฃ
> ใฆใ
> ใใใญใใ๏ผๆๅญ็่ชใใไธๆไธกๅพใใจใใใฎใใชใใไธ็ณไบ้ณฅใใใใใ ใใญใ
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใฐใธใใฆใใใใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใไบบใใ่ฑ่ชใซ้ขใใ่ณชๅใซใฏใจใ
ใใซๅใใใซใฉใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๆใฟใใใซๅค่บซใใใฎใใใใใใใงใใใพใใ
่ชๅใฎใใจใ่จใใ็ซๅ ดใใใใใพใใใใ
>> ใคใณใฟใผใใใใๆฎๅใใ ใใฆใไธ่ฌไบบใ็พๅจใฎใใใซๆฐ่ปฝใซไฝฟใใใใใซใชใฃ
>> ใใฎใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนดไปฅ้ใงใใใใใ ใใๆ่ฟใฎๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใใงใใใญใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใฆใๆใซ่ฒ ใใชใใงใใญใใๆฒขๅฑฑๅ้ใใฆใใๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใซๅบใฆใ
> ใชใใจ
> ๆๅณใชใใใญใ
ใใใใใพใซไพฟๅฉใชใใ ใไธไพฟใชใใ ใๅใใใชใๆใใใใ่ฉณใใใใฆใๅคใ
ใใฆใ
ใ
> ไพฟๅฉใชๅ็ฉใๅคใใชใฃใใฎใงใใใใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใใจๆใใใใจใใใใพใ
> ใญใใ
> ่ด
ๆฒขใ ใใฉใญใใใๅคงไบใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใใงใใพใฃใฆๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใใๅบใฆใ
> ใชใใฃใ
> ใใใใใใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆใๅ ๆใใฆใใใใดใใใจๅใใใจใงใใใใญใ
ใใใ่ดใ็ฉใ ใฃใใไฝ่จใใฃใใใงใใญใ
> [...]
>
> I read the message of Hiroyuki which Bart quoted.
> That is, the one which started with
>
>>: Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
>>: but I guess some people are interested in it.
>>:
>>: This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.
>>: ใใใ ใ ใซใ ใธ total ใธ/total
>>: ็ดๅ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%
>>[...]
ใกใขใซใซใ๏ผ Sorry, I should have noticed that there wasn't a ่กใ in
the part I quoted and added it.
Bart
ใใใงใ็งใซใๆฏๅฝ่ชใงใใฃใฆใใใใฎใใชใใฎใ
ใใใฐใ ใใฎ้ใฏๆ ๅ ใฏใใฃใใ(no thanks)ใงใใใใพใใญใใ
ใจใใใฎใฏใใใฎๅฆไฝใซๆ่ใซๅพใฃใฆๆๅณ่งฃ้ใใใใใ่ใใใใใใพใใญใ
choirใใฎ่ฉฑใใงใใจใใชใฎใงใไปฅๅใจใฏ้ใฃใฆๆ่ฟใฏๆไผๆดปๅใฏ็คพไผ็ใซๅฟ
่ฆ
ๆๅฐ้ใใฃใฆใใฆใใใญใฐใฉใ ๅญฆ็ฟใซ็ฒพใใคใ่พผใใงใใใฎใง่ณ็พๆญ็ใชใฐใญใผ
ใชใผใฏๅฝๅใ้ ใใ ใใจใใใใใงใใญใ
>
>
>>> ่ชๆ
ขใฎๆๅใฎใขใกใชใซใณใซใซใใฃใผใปใปใปใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใ
>>> ใฆใใขใกใชใซไบบใฏๆฅๆฌใฎใขใในใใชในใฟใคใซใซใฏไธ็้ฆดๆใใชใใใใใใชใใ
>>> ใงใใไธใคใฎๆใใฏใใใฎใฐใซใผใใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎใฐใซใผใใ ใฃใฆใใจใ
>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ใใใใใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่ฑ่ชใฏๅๅผทใงใใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅๅผทใซใชใใใใจใฃ
>> ใฆใ
>> ใใใญใใ๏ผๆๅญ็่ชใใไธๆไธกๅพใใจใใใฎใใชใใไธ็ณไบ้ณฅใใใใใ ใใญใ
>>
>
> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใฐใธใใฆใใใใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใไบบใใ่ฑ่ชใซ้ขใใ่ณชๅใซใฏใจใ
> ใใซๅใใใซใฉใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๆใฟใใใซๅค่บซใใใฎใใใใใใใงใใใพใใ
> ่ชๅใฎใใจใ่จใใ็ซๅ ดใใใใใพใใใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใพใใใใใๅใใฃใฆใใฆใใฃใฆใใใถใใซใฏใพใ ใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
ๅ้กใฏใใใใใฃใใๆงๅใ๏ผใใ่ฑ่ชใงใชใใจใใใใชใใnature,
disposition ใใใใจ
่ฑ่ชใงใฏใฉใใใใgrainใใจใใๅ่ชใใคใใใใใงใใญใ๏ผใ่ชๅใงๆฐใฅใใฆใใชใใ
ใจใใใใจใงใใใใญใ
>
>
>>> ใคใณใฟใผใใใใๆฎๅใใ ใใฆใไธ่ฌไบบใ็พๅจใฎใใใซๆฐ่ปฝใซไฝฟใใใใใซใชใฃ
>>> ใใฎใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนดไปฅ้ใงใใใใใ ใใๆ่ฟใฎๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใใงใใใญใ
>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ๆ
ๅ ฑใๅคใใใฆใๆใซ่ฒ ใใชใใงใใญใใๆฒขๅฑฑๅ้ใใฆใใๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใซๅบใฆใ
>> ใชใใจ
>> ๆๅณใชใใใญใ
>
> ใใใใใพใซไพฟๅฉใชใใ ใไธไพฟใชใใ ใๅใใใชใๆใใใใ่ฉณใใใใฆใๅคใ
> ใใฆใ
>
>> ไพฟๅฉใชๅ็ฉใๅคใใชใฃใใฎใงใใใใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใใจๆใใใใจใใใใพใ
>> ใญใใ
>> ่ด
ๆฒขใ ใใฉใญใใใๅคงไบใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใใใงใใพใฃใฆๅฟ
่ฆใชใจใใใๅบใฆใ
>> ใชใใฃใ
>> ใใใใใใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆใๅ ๆใใฆใใใใดใใใจๅใใใจใงใใใใญใ
>
> ใใใ่ดใ็ฉใ ใฃใใไฝ่จใใฃใใใงใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใฃใจๅฟใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใพใใใใญใ
ๆ่ฟใจ่จใฃใฆใใใ๏ผๅนดใปใฉๅใใใงใใใๆฅๆฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใใดใๅพกๆฎฟใใจใใๆฐ่ชใใใฃใฆ
ใใฆ้ข็ฝใ็ช็ตใ้ฃ็ถใซใใใพใใใใๆฐใไปใใฆใฟใใใ่ชๅใใใดใใใฎใชใใง
็ๆดปใใฆใพใใใญใใใใฎใๆจใฆใใใชใใฆใญใใใใพใใซใใชใตใคใฏใซใใจใใๆ่ฆใ
่ฒใฃใฆใใฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใฎ็็พใฎใชใใซใฉใฃใทใใคใใฃใกใใฃใฆใใใใงใใญใ
ใใใใใใจใใ็ฅ่ญใใจใใ้ใใฏใใใงใใญใใใใพใซใใๆ้คใใใใใผใใใธใฃใใใใ
ใใพใใใฉใญใใใงใใๅคใใใฆๅฐใใใจใใใใจใฏใพใใใใพใใใใใญใใๅ็ฉใงใใจใ
ใใฎๆฉ่ฝใซๅถ็ดใใใไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆใใจใใพใใใใ็ฅ่ญใใใ้ใใฏใๅ ดๆใใจใใชใใใ
ใๅฟ็จใใใฎใใฎใๆฉ่ฝใงใใใใญใ
ใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใฎใๅฟ็จใใใใจใใใใจใซใใ
ใฆใฏใในใฆๅ่ณชใฎใๅไบบ่ฒก็ฃใใจใใใใจใใงใใพใใใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝใ
>> ใใใพใใญใผใไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใใใฐใญใชใขใใจๆญใ็ฎๆใใใใใใงใใใใฐใ
>> ใใฎ้ใฏๆ ๅ
ใฏใใฃใใ(no thanks)ใงใใใใพใใญใ
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ใใฎใใฅใผในใฐใซใผใใงใฏ้ ป็นใซใๆ่ใผๆ่ใผๆ่ใ(context)ใใจใฟใชใใใ
> ใชใใผใใใใฆใพใใญใใใใใใ ใใใฟใชใใใฎไปๅฝ่จ่ชใฎๅญฆ็ฟใ้ซใใฌใใซใซ
> ้ใใฆใใฆใใใจใใใใจใ ใจๆใใพใใญใ
>
> ใใใงใ็งใซใๆฏๅฝ่ชใงใใฃใฆใใใใฎใใชใใฎใ
>
> ใใใฐใ ใใฎ้ใฏๆ ๅ
ใฏใใฃใใ(no thanks)ใงใใใใพใใญใใ
>
> ใจใใใฎใฏใใใฎๅฆไฝใซๆ่ใซๅพใฃใฆๆๅณ่งฃ้ใใใใใ่ใใใใใใพใใญใ
ใใใงใใญใ็งใใใฎ๏ผใ๏ผๆฅใฎ้ใซ่ฟฐในใๅบๆฅไบใจใใใซๅฏพใใไธๆบใ่ใใ
ไบบใงใชใใจๅใใใชใ่กจ็พใงใใใใ
> choirใใฎ่ฉฑใใงใใจใใชใฎใงใไปฅๅใจใฏ้ใฃใฆๆ่ฟใฏๆไผๆดปๅใฏ็คพไผ็ใซๅฟ
่ฆ
> ๆๅฐ้ใใฃใฆใใฆใใใญใฐใฉใ ๅญฆ็ฟใซ็ฒพใใคใ่พผใใงใใใฎใง่ณ็พๆญ็ใชใฐใญใผ
> ใชใผใฏๅฝๅใ้ ใใ ใใจใใใใใงใใญใ
ใใใงใใใในใไธใคใงAๅใฃใฆๅใใงใไธ้ฑ้ใใใใพใใในใใใใฎใในใ
ใงใฏBใๅใใใใใใชใใใ้ใซใๅใฃใฆๅ
ใฎ็ทใ็ท ใใใใฃใฆๆใใงใใ
>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใฐใธใใฆใใใใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใไบบใใ่ฑ่ชใซ้ขใใ่ณชๅใซใฏใจใ
>> ใใซๅใใใซใฉใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๆใฟใใใซๅค่บซใใใฎใใใใใใใงใใใพใใ
>> ่ชๅใฎใใจใ่จใใ็ซๅ ดใใใใใพใใใใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ใพใใใใใๅใใฃใฆใใฆใใฃใฆใใใถใใซใฏใพใ ใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
> ๅ้กใฏใใใใใฃใใๆงๅใ๏ผใใ่ฑ่ชใงใชใใจใใใใชใใnature,
> disposition ใใใใจ
> ่ฑ่ชใงใฏใฉใใใใgrainใใจใใๅ่ชใใคใใใใใงใใญใ๏ผใ่ชๅใงๆฐใฅใ
> ใฆใใชใใ
> ใจใใใใจใงใใใใญใ
ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใฎ่ฉฑ้กใ ใจใคใใฆใใใชใใใใ่ฑ่ชใซใชใใจใจใใใซใๅบ็ช
ใ ๏ผใใฃใฆใใใงใใญใใพใใใใฎๆฐๆใกใๅใใใพใใ
> ใใใฃใจๅฟใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใพใใใใญใ
>
> ๆ่ฟใจ่จใฃใฆใใใ๏ผๅนดใปใฉๅใใใงใใใๆฅๆฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใใดใๅพกๆฎฟใใจใใๆฐ
> ่ชใใใฃใฆ
> ใใฆ้ข็ฝใ็ช็ตใ้ฃ็ถใซใใใพใใใใๆฐใไปใใฆใฟใใใ่ชๅใใใดใใใฎใช
> ใใง
> ็ๆดปใใฆใพใใใญใใใใฎใๆจใฆใใใชใใฆใญใใใใพใใซใใชใตใคใฏใซใใจใ
> ใๆ่ฆใ
> ่ฒใฃใฆใใฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใฎ็็พใฎใชใใซใฉใฃใทใใคใใฃใกใใฃใฆใใใ
> ใงใใญใ
็งใฎๅไบบใใใใงใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ็ฅไบบใๅคใใฎใง่จชๅๅฎขใๅคใใ่จชๅๅฎขใฏไฝใฎๆฐ็ก
ใใซๆๅ็ฃใๆใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใญใๅคงไฝใฟใใช่ใใใใจใฏไผผใฆใใใใ
ใใใใฐใซใใใจใใ้
ใฎใฐใฉในใใ็ฟ็ญใไฝฟใใใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ
ฅใฃใใพใพๅปไธใซ
็ฉใพใใฆใใใใใพใใซใใใใพใซใชใใฎใงใ่ฟๆใฎไบบใซใๅฆๅใใชใใใใจ่จ
ใใใใฎใ ใใใ ใใใใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใใใใฎใ ใใๆจใฆใใใชใใใจ่จใใ
> ใใใใใใจใใ็ฅ่ญใใจใใ้ใใฏใใใงใใญใ
ใใใซใ็ต้จใใจใใๆใๅบใใ่ถณใใใใ
>ใใพใซใใๆ้คใใใ
> ใใผใใใธใฃใใใใ
> ใใพใใใฉใญใใใงใใๅคใใใฆๅฐใใใจใใใใจใฏใพใใใใพใใใใใญใใ
> ๅ็ฉใงใใจใ
> ใใฎๆฉ่ฝใซๅถ็ดใใใไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆใใจใใพใใใใ็ฅ่ญใใใ้ใใฏใๅ ดๆใใจ
> ใใชใใใ
> ใๅฟ็จใใใฎใใฎใๆฉ่ฝใงใใใใญใ
>
> ใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใฎใๅฟ็จใใใ
> ใจใใใใจใซใใ
> ใฆใฏใในใฆๅ่ณชใฎใๅไบบ่ฒก็ฃใใจใใใใจใใงใใพใใใใญใ
็ฉ่ณชใๆฒขๅฑฑๆใคใใจใ่ฑใใซใชใใจใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใใพใใใใญใใ
ใจใ็ฑณๅฝใซๅคใใใ ใใฉใ่ฒฏ้ใใใใฎใฏๆใใชใใจใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใง
ใใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใไปใฎใใกใซๆฌฒใใ็ฉใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใ ใ
ใใงใใๆฎ้ใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใใ้ใ่ฒฏใใฆใใใปใปใปใ่ช
็ถใ ใจๆใใใฉใ
sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
Googleใงๆขใใฆใใใใใใพใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผไปถใใใใพใใไพใใฐไธ่จใฎใใใชใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ
http://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife-Labo/9879/lesson09/plan.htm
> ็งใฎๅไบบใใใใงใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ็ฅไบบใๅคใใฎใง่จชๅๅฎขใๅคใใ่จชๅๅฎขใฏไฝใฎๆฐ็ก
> ใใซๆๅ็ฃใๆใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใญใๅคงไฝใฟใใช่ใใใใจใฏไผผใฆใใใใ
> ใใใใฐใซใใใจใใ้
ใฎใฐใฉในใใ็ฟ็ญใไฝฟใใใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ
ฅใฃใใพใพๅปไธใซ
> ็ฉใพใใฆใใใใใพใใซใใใใพใซใชใใฎใงใ่ฟๆใฎไบบใซใๅฆๅใใชใใใใจ่จ
> ใใใใฎใ ใใใ ใใใใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใใใใฎใ ใใๆจใฆใใใชใใใจ่จใใ
Bartๅ ็ใฏใๅฆๅใใชใใใใฎใใใชใใใใฏใใชใใใใ ใใๅฅฝใใจใใฃใใใใพใใCindyใใใฏใฉใใงใใใ
ใฒใจใฎๆฐๆใชใใใใใใฎใปใใ่ช็ถใงใชใใงใใใใใใใชใๅใฎใใจใซใชใฃ
ใฆใใใฎใ ใใฉใใใญใผใๆฐใใคใใฆ((ใใ ใใ))ใใใฏใใ๏ผใใจใใๆๅฅใฎ
ๆต่กๆญใใใใพใใใใชใใจใชใใไผผใใใฎใ ใจใใใใพใใใฉใ
> [...]
> Bartๅ
็ใฏใๅฆๅใใชใใใใฎใใใชใใใใฏใใชใใใใ ใใๅฅฝใใจใใฃใใ
> ใใพใใCindyใใใฏใฉใใงใใใ
ใชใค๏ผใใใๅ
็ใใปใใจใใซใใๆธใใกใใฃใใฎใงใใใใฉใฎใฟใกใใใใใฏ
ใๅฆๅใชใใใใใๅๅผทใชใใใใชใฉใฏใกใใฃใดใ่ถณใใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใใ
ใใใฏใฉใๆใใใงใใใใใ
Bart
>
> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
> news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>
>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใฎ่ฉฑ้กใ ใจใคใใฆใใใชใใใใ่ฑ่ชใซใชใใจใจใใใซใๅบ็ช
>> ใ ๏ผใใฃใฆใใใงใใญใใพใใใใฎๆฐๆใกใๅใใใพใใ
>
>
> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
ใใใใๅใฃใฆใใใฎๆฐๆใกๅใใใพใใใฎๆนใใใใงใใญใ
> Googleใงๆขใใฆใใใใใใพใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผไปถใใใใพใใไพใใฐไธ่จใฎใใใช
> ใใฎใงใใใใ๏ผ
>
> http://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife-Labo/9879/lesson09/plan.htm
ใใฎใใณใฎใใใใฏ้้ใใงใใญใ
>> ็งใฎๅไบบใใใใงใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ็ฅไบบใๅคใใฎใง่จชๅๅฎขใๅคใใ่จชๅๅฎขใฏไฝใฎๆฐ็ก
>> ใใซๆๅ็ฃใๆใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใญใๅคงไฝใฟใใช่ใใใใจใฏไผผใฆใใใใ
>> ใใใใฐใซใใใจใใ้
ใฎใฐใฉในใใ็ฟ็ญใไฝฟใใใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ
ฅใฃใใพใพๅปไธใซ
>> ็ฉใพใใฆใใใใใพใใซใใใใพใซใชใใฎใงใ่ฟๆใฎไบบใซใๅฆๅใใชใใใใจ่จ
>> ใใใใฎใ ใใใ ใใใใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใใใใฎใ ใใๆจใฆใใใชใใใจ่จใใ
>
>
> Bartๅ
็ใฏใๅฆๅใใชใใใใฎใใใชใใใใฏใใชใใใใ ใใๅฅฝใใจใใฃใใ
> ใใพใใCindyใใใฏใฉใใงใใใ
ใใใใใใฃใฆใ็กใใฆๆๅณใฏๅ
จใๅใใงใใใใใใชใใใใฏไธ่ฌใใใชใ
ใใใฏๅฅณๆงใๅฅฝใใงไฝฟใใใใชๆใใงใใใ
้้้ฝๅญใใใใฃใใใชใใ๏ผใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใๆ ๅใๆตฎใใใงใใใ
็ทใ ใฃใใใใๅฆๅใใใใใ ใใใ๏ผใใใใใ่ฟๆใ ใฃใใ่งใ็ซใค๏ผ
Hiroyuki
Googleใงๆขใใฆใใใใใใใใฏๅงๅ็ใซๅคใใฃใใงใใใๆฐๆใกใใใใใพใใใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใซๅฏพใใใ๏ฝใใใใใพใใใฎไพใใใใคใ่ฆใคใใพใใใไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใจใพใฃใใ้ขไฟใฎใชใใ๏ฝใใใใใพใใใใๅๅใใใพใใใ
>> Bartๅ
็ใฏใๅฆๅใใชใใใใฎใใใชใใใใฏใใชใใใใ ใใๅฅฝใใจใใฃใใ
>> ใใพใใCindyใใใฏใฉใใงใใใ
>
> ใชใค๏ผใใใๅ
็ใใปใใจใใซใใๆธใใกใใฃใใฎใงใใใ
ๆญฃใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฏใใใใใๅ ็ใใ ใจๆใใพใใ
>ใฉใฎใฟใกใใใใใฏ
> ใๅฆๅใชใใใใใๅๅผทใชใใใใชใฉใฏใกใใฃใดใ่ถณใใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใใ
> ใใใฏใฉใๆใใใงใใใใใ
Bartๅ ็ใ่ชฐใใ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝ๏ฝใ้ง็ฎใ ใจใใฃใใใใชๆฐใใใพใใใใGoogleใงๆขใใฆใใใๆธใใๆ็จฟใฏ่ฆใคใใใพใใใฎใง็งใฎๆใ่พผใฟใซใใใชใใฃใใใใงใใ
ใใฃใใใชใใใใใใใใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใจใๅณใใใใฎใใใใพใใฎใ
ไธๅบฆ้ใกใใซใๅใฃใฆใใพใใจใ๏ผๅบฆ็ฎใฏใใใฃใใใพใใใใใใใฎใใใซ่ฉไพกใใใใ
ใงใฏใใพใใชใใฎใจใใชใใงใใญใใใใใใใใชใใฃใฌใณใใซ้ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ
ใ
ใฎ
ไบบ็ใๅณใใ่ฆใใฆใใฆ่ชๅใ่ชๆฎบใซใพใงใใใใใงใใพใฃใใๆฐใฎๆฏใชใใคใฆใฎ
ใๆ ๅ
ใใฎๆนใใใใใพใใใญใ
>
>
>>> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใใใฐใธใใฆใใใใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใๆธใไบบใใ่ฑ่ชใซ้ขใใ่ณชๅใซใฏใจใ
>>> ใใซๅใใใซใฉใใใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๆใฟใใใซๅค่บซใใใฎใใใใใใใงใใใพใใ
>>> ่ชๅใฎใใจใ่จใใ็ซๅ ดใใใใใพใใใใ
>>
>> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
>> ใพใใใใใๅใใฃใฆใใฆใใฃใฆใใใถใใซใฏใพใ ใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
>> ๅ้กใฏใใใใใฃใใๆงๅใ๏ผใใ่ฑ่ชใงใชใใจใใใใชใใnature,
>> disposition ใใใใจ
>> ่ฑ่ชใงใฏใฉใใใใgrainใใจใใๅ่ชใใคใใใใใงใใญใ๏ผใ่ชๅใงๆฐใฅใ
>> ใฆใใชใใ
>> ใจใใใใจใงใใใใญใ
>
> ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใฎ่ฉฑ้กใ ใจใคใใฆใใใชใใใใ่ฑ่ชใซใชใใจใจใใใซใๅบ็ช
> ใ ๏ผใใฃใฆใใใงใใญใใพใใใใฎๆฐๆใกใๅใใใพใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใฏใใใฏใใใใใใใงใใใ็งใฏใใใฏใใใงใใใจๆใใพใใใญใใ็จๅบฆๅ้ก
ใงใใใญใ
ใใใใใจใใใฎๆฅต็ซฏใซๅบฆใใใใฆใใใจใใฆใใใพใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใ
ใใใ้้ฃใใใจใใใฃใฆใๆฐใฎๆฏใใชใใใชๆฐใใใพใใใใ
>
>> ใใใฃใจๅฟใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใพใใใใญใ
>>
>> ๆ่ฟใจ่จใฃใฆใใใ๏ผๅนดใปใฉๅใใใงใใใๆฅๆฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใใดใๅพกๆฎฟใใจใใๆฐ
>> ่ชใใใฃใฆ
>> ใใฆ้ข็ฝใ็ช็ตใ้ฃ็ถใซใใใพใใใใๆฐใไปใใฆใฟใใใ่ชๅใใใดใใใฎใช
>> ใใง
>> ็ๆดปใใฆใพใใใญใใใใฎใๆจใฆใใใชใใฆใญใใใใพใใซใใชใตใคใฏใซใใจใ
>> ใๆ่ฆใ
>> ่ฒใฃใฆใใฆใใใใฎใงใใใใใใฎ็็พใฎใชใใซใฉใฃใทใใคใใฃใกใใฃใฆใใใ
>> ใงใใญใ
>
> ็งใฎๅไบบใใใใงใใใๅฝผๅฅณใ็ฅไบบใๅคใใฎใง่จชๅๅฎขใๅคใใ่จชๅๅฎขใฏไฝใฎๆฐ็ก
> ใใซๆๅ็ฃใๆใฃใฆใใใใใงใใใญใๅคงไฝใฟใใช่ใใใใจใฏไผผใฆใใใใ
> ใใใใฐใซใใใจใใ้
ใฎใฐใฉในใใ็ฟ็ญใไฝฟใใใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ
ฅใฃใใพใพๅปไธใซ
> ็ฉใพใใฆใใใใใพใใซใใใใพใซใชใใฎใงใ่ฟๆใฎไบบใซใๅฆๅใใชใใใใจ่จ
> ใใใใฎใ ใใใ ใใใใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใใใใฎใ ใใๆจใฆใใใชใใใจ่จใใ
>
>> ใใใใใใจใใ็ฅ่ญใใจใใ้ใใฏใใใงใใญใ
>
> ใใใซใ็ต้จใใจใใๆใๅบใใ่ถณใใใใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใกใใใ็ต้จใๆใๅบใไบบใจใฎๅบไผใใใใใใๅคใใปใใใใใงใใญใใ
ใใใใจ่ชๅใฎๅญฆ็ฟใงไฟฎๅพใใใใฎใจใๅ
จใฆๅใใใฆใใฎไบบใฎใ็ฅ่ญใใจใใ
ใใจใซใชใใใ ใจๆใใพใใใใญใ
>
>>ใใพใซใใๆ้คใใใ
>> ใใผใใใธใฃใใใใ
>> ใใพใใใฉใญใใใงใใๅคใใใฆๅฐใใใจใใใใจใฏใพใใใใพใใใใใญใใ
>> ๅ็ฉใงใใจใ
>> ใใฎๆฉ่ฝใซๅถ็ดใใใไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆใใจใใพใใใใ็ฅ่ญใใใ้ใใฏใๅ ดๆใใจ
>> ใใชใใใ
>> ใๅฟ็จใใใฎใใฎใๆฉ่ฝใงใใใใญใ
>>
>> ใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎ็ฅ่ญใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใใฎใ้ใใใใฎใๅฟ็จใใใ
>> ใจใใใใจใซใใ
>> ใฆใฏใในใฆๅ่ณชใฎใๅไบบ่ฒก็ฃใใจใใใใจใใงใใพใใใใญใ
>
> ็ฉ่ณชใๆฒขๅฑฑๆใคใใจใ่ฑใใซใชใใจใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใใพใใใใญใใ
> ใจใ็ฑณๅฝใซๅคใใใ ใใฉใ่ฒฏ้ใใใใฎใฏๆใใชใใจใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใง
> ใใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใไปใฎใใกใซๆฌฒใใ็ฉใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใ ใ
> ใใงใใๆฎ้ใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใใ้ใ่ฒฏใใฆใใใปใปใปใ่ช
> ็ถใ ใจๆใใใฉใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใฏ่ฒใ
ใฎ่ใๆนใใใใพใใใใญใใๆฅใซใใฃใฆใใใใใฏใใใกใใฃใจใใ
็ต้จใใใใจไธๆฆใใใฃใจ่ใใๅคใใใใพใใใฎใใกใซ่ชๅใฎๅบๆฌ็ใช่ใๆน
ใซๆปใๅ ดๅใใใใใญใใ
ใใใใใซใใไปใใใๆชๆฅใใใฎ้่ฆๅบฆใฎๆฏ็ใงใใใฐใไบบใซใใฃใฆใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใใฏใๆฅต็ซฏใซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๅใณใใฎ้ใฎ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใจใใ้่ฆๅบฆๆฏ็ใฎ
ไบบ็ๅฒๅญฆใใๆใกใฎๆนใๅๅทฎไธๅฅใงใฏใชใใงใใใใใ
้้ญ็ใช้ขใใ่จใใฐใๅฐๅๅ
ฅใๅฐ่ณ็ฃใงใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฎ้่ฆๅบฆๆฏ็
ใงใฏ็พๅจใฎ็ๆดปใๆใ็ซใฃใฆใฏใใใชใใใๅๅทฎไธๅฅใจใใฃใฆใๅถ็ดใฏใใใพใ
ใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
ใใฎ็นใกใใจใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใ
ใใใใใใใ๏ผใใใงใฏใใคใใฎใงใๅฅณๆง่จ่ใซใใใใฃใฆไพๆใใใใพใใจใ
ใใใใใใใชใใใใใๆใไธ่ฌ็ใใใชใใงใใใใใใใใฎๆฌกใซใใใใใใชใใใใ
ใๆฎใฉๅ็ญใซๆจๆบ่ชใใใชใใงใใใใใ
ใใใซใใใใใใชใใใใใ ใใซ้ใฃใฆใ่ใใฆใฟใใจใใใฎ็บๆณใฏใใใใใใใใชใใใใ
ใใใๅฐใใใใใใชใใชใใใฎใใจ่ใใฆใไธ่ฝไธๅฏง่ชใฎใใใใ็จใใฆใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใ๏ผใ
ใใใใใ่กจ็พใใใจใใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใใใชใใใใใใจใชใใพใใญใ
ใใใจๅๆงใซใใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใชใใใใใซใใใใใคใใใจใใใใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใใชใใใใ
๏ผใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใใใชใใใ๏ผใใซใชใใใงใใใใใใงใ้้ใใงใฏใชใใใใพใใใใฉใใฆ
ใใฃใใใใชใใฎใงใใทใณใใซใใ็ฟๆ
ฃใซใชใฃใฆใใใใใใใ๏ผใ๏ผใชใใใใใจใชใฃใใใงใฏใชใ
ใงใใใใใ
ใใใฏใไธๅฏง่ชใฎใใใใไปใๅ ใใฆใ ใใชใใใฃใใฎใใจๆฎ้ใฏๅฟ
่ฆใงใใใใใใฎไธๆๅญ
ใๅ้คใใฆใฟใใใฉใใใใจใใ็บๆณใใใชใใงใใใใใ
ใใใจใ
>>> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
ใฎใใใใใใใใใใงใใใใใใใฏๆฌๆฅใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใฏใชใใฃใใใใงใใใ
ๆ่ฟ๏ผๅคๆฅๆๆณใ่ชๆณ็ฟๆ
ฃใใ๏ผใใใใใใฏใๆฟใใซใใใใ็จใใฆใใพใ
ๅพๅใๅคใใชใฃใฆใใใฎใใใชใใงใใใใใใใใฎ่ฏใไพๆใจใใฆไธ่จใฏ
ใฉใใงใใใ
a) Boku wa Hanako ga suki desu.
b) Boku wa Hanako wo suki desu.
---------------------------------------------
B. Ito
>> ใใใงใใใในใไธใคใงAๅใฃใฆๅใใงใไธ้ฑ้ใใใใพใใในใใใใฎใในใ
>> ใงใฏBใๅใใใใใใชใใใ้ใซใๅใฃใฆๅ
ใฎ็ทใ็ท ใใใใฃใฆๆใใงใใ
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> ใใๅใใใพใใใใใฐใญใผใชใผใฐใฃใใใ่ฟฝใใใใใ่จใๆใใใจใฐใญใผ
> ใชใผใใ
> ใใฃใใใชใใใใใใใใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใจใๅณใใใใฎใใใใพใใฎใ
ๆซๆใ็ต้จใใใฎใๅคงๅใชใใงใใญใใขใใฉใใ ใปใชใณใซใผใณใฎไธๆๅใฎๆฐใฏใ
ใใใงใใใใใใใใใฐใๅ
้ฑใใใฎใฟใคใฌใผใปใฆใใบใๆ็ตใซๆฎใใชใใฃใ
ใใ ใใญใใใฉในใฎใดใซใใกใผใฏใฟใคใฌใผใ่ฆใใใฎใๆฅฝใใฟใซใใฆใใฎใซใๅฝผ
ใฏใใคใใใจใชใใใใไบไปถใฏ่ตทใใชใใใใใใใใ็้ข็ฎใชในใใผใใใณใง
ใใญใ๏ผ่ฉฑใๆฒใใใพใใใ๏ผ
> ไธๅบฆ้ใกใใซใๅใฃใฆใใพใใจใ๏ผๅบฆ็ฎใฏใใใฃใใใพใใใใใใใฎใใใซ่ฉ
> ไพกใใใใ
> ใงใฏใใพใใชใใฎใจใใชใใงใใญใใใใใใใใชใใฃใฌใณใใซ้ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ
> ใ
ใฎ
> ไบบ็ใๅณใใ่ฆใใฆใใฆ่ชๅใ่ชๆฎบใซใพใงใใใใใงใใพใฃใใๆฐใฎๆฏใชใใคใฆใฎ
> ใๆ ๅ
ใใฎๆนใใใใใพใใใญใ
ๆฅๆฌใฎใกใใฃใขใฎในใใผใ้ธๆใซๅฏพใใใใฌใใทใฃใผใฏ็ฐๅธธใชใใฎใใใใพใ
ใญใ่ฆใฆใฆใใใใใใซใชใฃใกใใใไธๅบฆๆๅใซใชใฃใกใใใจใพใๅคงๅคใ
>> ็ฉ่ณชใๆฒขๅฑฑๆใคใใจใ่ฑใใซใชใใจใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใใพใใใใญใใ
>> ใจใ็ฑณๅฝใซๅคใใใ ใใฉใ่ฒฏ้ใใใใฎใฏๆใใชใใจใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใง
>> ใใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใไปใฎใใกใซๆฌฒใใ็ฉใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใ ใ
>> ใใงใใๆฎ้ใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใใ้ใ่ฒฏใใฆใใใปใปใปใ่ช
>> ็ถใ ใจๆใใใฉใ
>
> ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
> ใใใฏ่ฒใ
ใฎ่ใๆนใใใใพใใใใญใใๆฅใซใใฃใฆใใใใใฏใใใกใใฃใจใใ
> ็ต้จใใใใจไธๆฆใใใฃใจ่ใใๅคใใใใพใใใฎใใกใซ่ชๅใฎๅบๆฌ็ใช่ใๆน
> ใซๆปใๅ ดๅใใใใใญใใ
>
> ใใใใใซใใไปใใใๆชๆฅใใใฎ้่ฆๅบฆใฎๆฏ็ใงใใใฐใไบบใซใใฃใฆใฏ๏ผ๏ผ
> ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ
> ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใใฏใๆฅต็ซฏใซ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใๅใณใใฎ้ใฎ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใจใใ้
> ่ฆๅบฆๆฏ็ใฎ
> ไบบ็ๅฒๅญฆใใๆใกใฎๆนใๅๅทฎไธๅฅใงใฏใชใใงใใใใใ
>
> ้้ญ็ใช้ขใใ่จใใฐใๅฐๅๅ
ฅใๅฐ่ณ็ฃใงใฏใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฎ้่ฆๅบฆๆฏ็
> ใงใฏ็พๅจใฎ็ๆดปใๆใ็ซใฃใฆใฏใใใชใใใๅๅทฎไธๅฅใจใใฃใฆใๅถ็ดใฏใใใพใ
> ใใญใ
ใใฎใใใใฏใฏๅน ใๅบใใใใฎใง่ญฐ่ซใใใซใฏ้ฃ้กใงใใ
>>ใใใใใใฃใฆใ็กใใฆๆๅณใฏๅ
จใๅใใงใใใใใใชใใใใฏไธ่ฌใใใชใ
>>ใใใฏๅฅณๆงใๅฅฝใใงไฝฟใใใใชๆใใงใใใ
>
>
> ้้้ฝๅญใใใใฃใใใชใใ๏ผใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใๆ ๅใๆตฎใใใงใใใ
>
> ็ทใ ใฃใใใใๅฆๅใใใใใ ใใใ๏ผใใใใใ่ฟๆใ ใฃใใ่งใ็ซใค๏ผ
่จใๆนใใ ใใงใใใ
ใใใ่ใใชใใ๏ผใ๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
ใใๆๅณใใฉใ่กจใใ๏ผ ใใถใใใใใใฎๆฐๆใ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใใใใงใฏใชใใง
ใใใใ
(ใใ ใใใใฎ่ณชๅใงใชใใๆฐๆใใใใใใ่ใใฆใๆฐใใคใใฆใใใฏใ
ใ๏ผใใจใใๆญใๆใๅบใใใใใฎใใใใใพใใใใๆฐใใคใใฆใใใจใใใ
ใฎใชใใใใใใใฎๆฐๆใใใใฃใฆใใใจใ่จใใใฏใใงใใ)
Bart
> Danny Wilde wrote:
>
>>"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
>>news:q_uje.80$yO1.37@trnddc05...
>>
>>
>>>Danny Wilde wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
>>>>news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆๆณใฎ่ฉฑ้กใ ใจใคใใฆใใใชใใใใ่ฑ่ชใซใชใใจใจใใใซใๅบ็ช
>>>>>ใ ๏ผใใฃใฆใใใงใใญใใพใใใใฎๆฐๆใกใๅใใใพใใ
>>>>
>>>>sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
>>>
>>>ใฒใจใฎๆฐๆใชใใใใใใฎใปใใ่ช็ถใงใชใใงใใใใใใใชใๅใฎใใจใซใชใฃ
>>>ใฆใใใฎใ ใใฉใใใญใผใๆฐใใคใใฆ((ใใ ใใ))ใใใฏใใ๏ผใใจใใๆๅฅใฎ
>>>ๆต่กๆญใใใใพใใใใชใใจใชใใไผผใใใฎใ ใจใใใใพใใใฉใ
>>
>>Googleใงๆขใใฆใใใใใใใใฏๅงๅ็ใซๅคใใฃใใงใใใๆฐๆใกใใใใใพ
>>ใใใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใซๅฏพใใใ๏ฝใใใใใพใใใฎไพใใใใคใ่ฆใคใใพใใใ
>>ไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใจใพใฃใใ้ขไฟใฎใชใใ๏ฝใใใใใพใใใใๅๅใใใพใใใ
>>[...]
>
>
> ใใใ่ใใชใใ๏ผใ๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผ ๆฅๆฌ่ชใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
> ใใๆๅณใใฉใ่กจใใ๏ผ ใใถใใใใใใฎๆฐๆใ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใใใใงใฏใชใใง
> ใใใใ
ใฏใใใ็งใฎๆฐๆใกใใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใใงใใญใใใใงใ่ณชๅๆใซใใใจใ็ง
ใฎๆฐๆใกใๅใใใพใใ๏ผใใงใดใฃใใใใฉใใใฆใชใใงใใใใญใ
> (ใใ ใใใใฎ่ณชๅใงใชใใๆฐๆใใใใใใ่ใใฆใๆฐใใคใใฆใใใฏใ
> ใ๏ผใใจใใๆญใๆใๅบใใใใใฎใใใใใพใใใใๆฐใใคใใฆใใใจใใใ
> ใฎใชใใใใใใใฎๆฐๆใใใใฃใฆใใใจใ่จใใใฏใใงใใ)
ใใฎใญใธใใฏใซใใใผใใฉใฎใใใซ่ฟ็ญใใใใใใฎใใฟใงใใ
ใ็ด ใๅ ใใใพใ ใพใ ใใใญใใ่ณใๆบใๅบใๆฌใใใใใชใซใ๏ผใใจ่จใใฎใใใใงใใญใ
>
>
>> ไธๅบฆ้ใกใใซใๅใฃใฆใใพใใจใ๏ผๅบฆ็ฎใฏใใใฃใใใพใใใใใใใฎใใใซ่ฉ
>> ไพกใใใใ
>> ใงใฏใใพใใชใใฎใจใใชใใงใใญใใใใใใใใชใใฃใฌใณใใซ้ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ
>> ใ
ใฎ
>> ไบบ็ใๅณใใ่ฆใใฆใใฆ่ชๅใ่ชๆฎบใซใพใงใใใใใงใใพใฃใใๆฐใฎๆฏใชใใคใฆใฎ
>>
>> ใๆ ๅ
ใใฎๆนใใใใใพใใใญใ
>
> ๆฅๆฌใฎใกใใฃใขใฎในใใผใ้ธๆใซๅฏพใใใใฌใใทใฃใผใฏ็ฐๅธธใชใใฎใใใใพใ
> ใญใ่ฆใฆใฆใใใใใใซใชใฃใกใใใไธๅบฆๆๅใซใชใฃใกใใใจใพใๅคงๅคใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใ็งใใใดใซใใฎ่
ใใ๏ผใใใฏ๏ผไฟๆใงใใชใใฃใใใ็พใซใใไฝๅนดใใใใชใ
ใใใ
>
>
>>> ็ฉ่ณชใๆฒขๅฑฑๆใคใใจใ่ฑใใซใชใใจใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใใพใใใใญใใ
>>> ใจใ็ฑณๅฝใซๅคใใใ ใใฉใ่ฒฏ้ใใใใฎใฏๆใใชใใจใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใไบบใๅคใใง
>>> ใใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใไปใฎใใกใซๆฌฒใใ็ฉใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใใใ ใ
>>> ใใงใใๆฎ้ใๆๆฅไฝใ่ตทใใใๅใใใชใใใใใ้ใ่ฒฏใใฆใใใปใปใปใ่ช
>>> ็ถใ ใจๆใใใฉใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
ใใใใใฎ็งใฎๅใใฎ่ฆ้ ใๆชใใฃใใฎใงใใญใใใใใใง่ใ็ดใใงใใ
ใๅใใใใฐๆใใชใใใใใใใฎ่ใใใใ็ก้ฃใงใใญใ
ใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผใผ
๏ผข๏ผ๏ผฉ๏ฝ๏ฝ
็ขบใใซ๏ผใใชใใงใใใ๏ผ
ใฉใใใฆใใใใใไฝฟใใฎใชใใปใปใป
ใ็งใฎๆฐๆใกใ็่งฃใงใใพใใ๏ผใใจใงใใใใใใใใใงใใญใ
ใใใงใใใ็งใฎๆฐๆใกใ็่งฃใงใใพใใ๏ผใใฎใปใใใใฃใใใ
ใพใใใญใ
Hiroyuki
ใใใใใฃใฑใใใใใใใซ่ช็บใฎๆๅณใใใใใใใไฝใใใฒใจใใงใซใใใใใจใใใฎใ
ๆฌๆฅใฎๆๅณใงใใใใใใคใใใใใใงใใญใใไฝใใใฏใใใ็ฎ็ใงใชใใใใใไธปไฝใ
ใงใใใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใใจใใใใใฃใฆใปใใใใจใใๆ่ใ ใจใใฒใจใใงใซใใใฃใฆใปใใใ
ใจใใๆฐใฎ้ทใๆ่ใชใใใใใไฝฟใใใใฉใใคใฉใคใฉใใฆใใฆใฏใใใใใฃใฆใปใใใใจใใ
ๆฐใฎ็ญใๆ่ใงใฏใ่ช็บใฎใใฅใขใณในใงใฏใใพใๅใใชใใฆใใใฃใฑใใไฝใใใฏใใใ็ฎ็ใซ
ใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใใไฝฟใใใใใจใใงใๆฌๆฅใฎใใใใใใจใใ่จ่ใใใใใไฝฟใๆนใงใใญใ
ใ๏ฝใ็่งฃใใฆใปใใใใ๏ฝใ็่งฃใใฆใใ ใใใใชใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ
๏ผฏ๏ผซใ ใใฉใใ็่งฃใใใใจ
ใใใใใใๅใๆๅณใฎ่จ่ใจใใฆใใ๏ฝใใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใใจๆฎ้ใซใคใใใใงใใใใญใ
ใงใใใฃใฑใๆๆณ็ใซใฏใใใชใใซ๏ผใใคใ๏ผ็งใฎๆฐๆใกใใใใฃใฆใปใใใใๆฌๆฅใฎ
(ๆฐใฎ้ทใ๏ผไฝฟใๆนใ ใจๆใใพใใใ
muchan