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Question about "have to (do something)"

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Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 11, 2005, 1:00:29โ€ฏPM5/11/05
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Hello everyone.

I'm sorry I haven't posted in a long time. I was trekking through
China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion of the
Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three Gorges
before they're gone forever.

I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to (do
something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I have to
eat dinner now."

Thanks.


Travers Naran

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May 11, 2005, 4:02:41โ€ฏPM5/11/05
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Pope Emperor FrogMaN wrote:
> Hello everyone.
>
> I'm sorry I haven't posted in a long time. I was trekking through
> China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion
of the
> Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three
Gorges
> before they're gone forever.

Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.

> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
(do
> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
have to
> eat dinner now."

>From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.

>From my textbooks:
soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.

But more emphatically:

shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen

But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
that for everyday situations.

Sean

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May 11, 2005, 4:49:50โ€ฏPM5/11/05
to

Try ikanakucha or tabenakucha.

Danny Wilde

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May 11, 2005, 8:06:40โ€ฏPM5/11/05
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"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1115841761.3...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Pope Emperor FrogMaN wrote:

>> I was trekking through
>> China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion of
>> the
>> Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three
>> Gorges
>> before they're gone forever.

It sounds like an interesting journey. Do you have a web log?

> Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.

I think it's usually called Mao Tse Tung's (ๆฏ›ๆฒขๆฑ) "long march". (้•ทๅพ)

>> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> (do
>> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> have to
>> eat dinner now."

There are lots of ways to say it, for example:

> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>
> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> that for everyday situations.

I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also go
down in formality, as Sean suggested.


Lance F.

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May 12, 2005, 12:02:16โ€ฏAM5/12/05
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Technically, ikanakucha is the informal equivalent of "ikanakute wa
narimasen". The informal equivalent of ikanakereba narimasen would be
"ikanakya". The same is true for tabenakucha.

However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.

- Lance F.

Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 12, 2005, 12:31:02โ€ฏAM5/12/05
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"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1115841761.3...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
> Pope Emperor FrogMaN wrote:
> > Hello everyone.
> >
> > I'm sorry I haven't posted in a long time. I was trekking through
> > China/Hong Kong/Taiwan for a while, including hiking along a portion
> of the
> > Great Wall, and the Yangtze and Li Rivers. I wanted to see the Three
> Gorges
> > before they're gone forever.
>
> Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.

You mean the Long March? If so, it wasn't a conscious effort. I went to
Tokyo for 3 days to visit some friends and whatnot, and then flew to
Beijing, where I stayed for 10 days ( I went around the city and various
places outside the city, including Tianjin). I visited some folks there
that I know. From Beijing, I hiked the Great Wall for 5 days, and then went
to Xian. I stayed in Xian for 3 days, and then first took a cruise on the
Yangtze (5 days), and then hiked part of it (2.5 days). I then stayed in
Wuhan for a little bit, and then went to Shanghai. I stayed in Shanghai for
7 days. Then I went to Guilin (4 days), travlled on the Li River both by
boat and by foot, and then went to Hong Kong. I was going to stay in Guilin
for a week, but it was too damn humid there. I do not tolerate humidity
well at all. I live in the desert, where there is absolutely NO humidity,
so even the slightest bit of humidity sets my Asthma off like crazy. Also,
it was extremely hot there -- in the 80s, and 70 - 90 % humidity. Hong Kong
was also very humid, but it was much cooler, so I could at least somewhat
tolerate that. From HK, I went to Taipei, then to Matsu Island, and then to
Taichung, and Kaohsiung, back to Taipei, back to Hong Kong, back to Tokyo.
I stayed in Tokyo for a week this time, showed some of my art at Design
Festa, and then flew home to LAX. To be honest, I shouldn't have stayed in
Tokyo the second time around, because by then my brain was geared towards
speaking Chinese.

> > I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> (do
> > something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> have to
> > eat dinner now."
>
> >From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
> shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.
>
> >From my textbooks:
> soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
> ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.
>
> But more emphatically:
>
> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>
> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> that for everyday situations.

Thank you very much. To both of you.


Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 12, 2005, 12:31:02โ€ฏAM5/12/05
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"Danny Wilde" <fuza...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:d5u6me$q7c$1...@ml.accsnet.ne.jp...

>
> "Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message

> It sounds like an interesting journey. Do you have a web log?

Not yet, I don't. I took 20 rolls of film, and am going through the
pictures. I'll scan them in, and then create something. I'm also doing
some paintings of stuff I didn't photograph, or the photos came out crappy.
*sigh* I wish I had a digital camera....

Anyways, I had an excellent time there. Some parts, I travelled solo, some
parts, I travelled with a group. It was interesting, when I was with a
group, to see Chinese people's reactions towards people. Towards some, they
were kind of rude -- because those people expected everyone to speak
English. Towards me, however, they were very nice, because I spoke Chinese
to them. But, that's typical of anywhere you travel. If you try to
communicate with people in their own language, they're much more receptive
towards you than if you expect them to speak YOUR language. By "you" and
"your" I mean the generic You and Your, not you specifically, Mr. Wilde.

> > Sounds like you were following Mao Tse Tong's Great Trek.
>
> I think it's usually called Mao Tse Tung's (ๆฏ›ๆฒขๆฑ) "long march". (้•ทๅพ)

As I said in the other reply, if I did, it was unconscious. I wanted to
visit some of the big cities, countryside, and some smaller cities in China.
This time, I travelled through Eastern China. Next time I go (which
hopefully will be next year), I will travel through the western part of
China, including Mongolia and Tibet.

> >> I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> > (do
> >> something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> > have to
> >> eat dinner now."
>
> There are lots of ways to say it, for example:
>
> > shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> > gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
> >
> > But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> > that for everyday situations.
>
> I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also go
> down in formality, as Sean suggested.

Thank you very much. I appreciate all the answers that folks gave me!!! :D

ใŠ่ฟ”ไบ‹ๆœ‰ใ‚Š้›ฃใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚


Bart Mathias

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May 12, 2005, 12:53:37โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to

I'm inclined to agree with Travers, as usual. "I have to eat dinner
now" in English means "I can't hang out with you any more" or something
like that. Does gohan-o tabenakucha even come close (especially with no
"ima-wa")?

I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)

Bart

Curt Fischer

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May 12, 2005, 7:16:48โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
Lance F. wrote:
> Technically, ikanakucha is the informal equivalent of "ikanakute wa
> narimasen". The informal equivalent of ikanakereba narimasen would be
> "ikanakya". The same is true for tabenakucha.

Technically, how do you know that "ikanakucha" is short for "ikanakute
wa narimasen" as opposed to "ikanakute wa ikenai", for example?

> However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.

True.

--
Curt Fischer

Robert P

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May 12, 2005, 8:06:10โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to

"Pope Emperor FrogMaN" <uncle...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:a_Age.1597$Y81....@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com...

I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a beginning
Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker answers.
The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of expertise
their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us, "Well,
in this situation, this is what we say".

Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this
thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
to this forum.


muchan

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May 12, 2005, 8:35:57โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
Robert P wrote:
>
> I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a beginning
> Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
> why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker answers.
> The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
> you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of expertise
> their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us, "Well,
> in this situation, this is what we say".
>

If you'll be reading this newsgroup for sometime longer, you'll know
which non-native speakers are enough credible about what they say,
and I say it as a native speaker of Japanese. :)

> Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this
> thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
> am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
> speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
> are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
> narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
> from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
> to this forum.
>

On a French language lewsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is
<fr.lettres.langue.japanaise>, most questions are answered by French,
and most of them having very good command on Japanese.

I think it's related to supply & demand. There are so many people fluent
in both English and French, but not so much with Japanese and other language.
Here in <s.l.j>, mutuality, of teaching each other, between native speakers of
Japanese and English works very well, IMHO.
(and I tell you, that non-native speakers of Japanese, like Bart,
often teach us a lot of things about Japanese...)

So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
(like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
why should I talk? :)

muchan

(C'est la meme pour <f.l.l.j>. Si la reponse d'un francais est bonne,
je n'ai pas besoin de dire "c'est ca" chaque fois, comme un japonais...)

Message has been deleted

muchan

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May 12, 2005, 8:36:19โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
Robert P wrote:
>
> I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a beginning
> Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
> why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker answers.
> The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
> you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of expertise
> their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us, "Well,
> in this situation, this is what we say".
>

If you'll be reading this newsgroup for sometime longer, you'll know


which non-native speakers are enough credible about what they say,
and I say it as a native speaker of Japanese. :)

> Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered this


> thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason I
> am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for English
> speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this nature
> are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the "nakereba
> narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to hear
> from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and contribute
> to this forum.
>

On a French language newsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is

Kevin Wayne Williams

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May 12, 2005, 8:41:29โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
Robert P wrote:
> "Pope Emperor FrogMaN" <uncle...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> news:a_Age.1597$Y81....@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com...
>
>>"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
>>news:1115841761.3...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>>
>>>>I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
>>>
>>>(do
>>>
>>>>something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
>>>
>>>have to
>>>
>>>>eat dinner now."
>>>
>>>>From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
>>>shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.
>>>
>>>>From my textbooks:
>>>soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
>>>ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.
>>>
>>>But more emphatically:
>>>
>>>shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
>>>gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>>>
>>>But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
>>>that for everyday situations.
>>
>>Thank you very much. To both of you.
>
>
> I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a beginning
> Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
> why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker answers.
>
You will find that they tend to give better and better answers to more
and more complex questions. First year Japanese questions like this (I
assume that your course taught you how to say
shitsureishinakerebanaranaindesu and its variations in the first year)
don't command much interest, and don't get many replies.

Travers's suggestions roughly climb a scale of translating "have to",
and vary in appropriateness according to how important it is to
communicate that you are at some level compelled to perform. "Gohan o
tabemasu" really doesn't say "I *HAVE TO* eat", it just says that
someone (probably the speaker) is eating (or will eat in the future).
Context should fill in the fuzzy bits. Once you get to the
'nakerebanaranai" type constructions, you are conveying the notion that
outside forces are acting upon you, and causing you to do the action
under discussion.

KWW

muchan

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May 12, 2005, 8:42:25โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
I wrote:
>
> So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
> are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
> (like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
> why should I talk? :)
>

and add one more.

Here often native speakers of English understand the _question_
better than the native speakers of Japanese!

I can't tell what is the normal/exact/best way of saying something
if I don't know what he/she wants to say in the first place!

:)

muchan

Danny Wilde

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May 12, 2005, 10:25:03โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to

"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
news:ljBge.1681$qT1.686@trnddc06...

>> There are lots of ways to say it, for example:
>>
>>> shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
>>> gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
>>>
>>> But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
>>> that for everyday situations.
>>
>> I think those sentences are OK for everyday situations. You could also
>> go down in formality, as Sean suggested.
>
> I'm inclined to agree with Travers, as usual. "I have to eat dinner
> now" in English means "I can't hang out with you any more" or something
> like that. Does gohan-o tabenakucha even come close (especially with no
> "ima-wa")?

I was thinking of the general point of "shinakereba narimasen" not being
everyday usage. I just wanted to say that "shinakereba narimasen" might be
everyday usage when talking to the boss, etc.

> I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
> just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)

Is "shigoto ni iku" bad?

I was watching "Blade 2" and I learnt a new kanji today. ๅ‘ป from ๅ‘ปใๅฃฐ
umekigoe which means "moan" or "groan". There were a lot of moans and
groans, and the subtitles put them all there, so I saw it several times.

Time for bed! Good night.

Danny.

Lance F.

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May 12, 2005, 10:45:44โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
Curt Fischer wrote:
> Lance F. wrote:
> > Technically, ikanakucha is the informal equivalent of "ikanakute wa
> > narimasen". The informal equivalent of ikanakereba narimasen would
be
> > "ikanakya". The same is true for tabenakucha.
>
> Technically, how do you know that "ikanakucha" is short for
"ikanakute
> wa narimasen" as opposed to "ikanakute wa ikenai", for example?

Touche.

To clarify for the benefit of others, "ikanakucha" is an abbreviated
form of "ikanakute wa" only, as "ikanakya" (also "ikanakerya") is of
"ikanakereba". When -kucha/kya is not followed by anthing, e.g.
"sorosoro ikanakucha/kya...", naranai/ikenai is implied; which is
implied doesn't really matter, as they would both give the same basic
meaning. I believe that "naranai" is usually considered less forceful,
though "ikenai" is heard more often in spoken Japanese.

> > However, the two patterns are often used interchangeably.
>
> True.

In fact, I have found that some native speakers, such as my coworkers,
don't know/can't explain the difference (just as there are many
overlapping constructs in English whose differences I can't explain).

- Lance F.

John J. Chew III

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May 12, 2005, 10:52:13โ€ฏAM5/12/05
to
In article <3egs92F...@individual.net>,

Curt Fischer <tentr...@gmail.NOSPAM.com> wrote:
>Technically, how do you know that "ikanakucha" is short for "ikanakute
>wa narimasen" as opposed to "ikanakute wa ikenai", for example?

Context. :)

John
--
John Chew (poslfit on MD) * jjc...@math.utoronto.ca * http://www.poslfit.com

Travers Naran

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May 12, 2005, 12:40:14โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to
Kevin Wayne Williams wrote:
> Context should fill in the fuzzy bits. Once you get to the
> 'nakerebanaranai" type constructions, you are conveying the notion
that
> outside forces are acting upon you, and causing you to do the action
> under discussion.

Like black-clad ninjas holding katanas to your throat forcing you to
eat breakfast and go to work. ^_^

Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right now or
go to work.

Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 12, 2005, 2:34:10โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to

"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1115916014.7...@o13g2000cwo.googlegroups.com...

> Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right now or
> go to work.

Now it's starting to sound like a Douglas Adams' book.

"I'm sorry, dear, I have to eat breakfast right now, because the Vogon
Constructor Fleet is on their way to demolish Earth, and I would like to
enjoy some tasty pancakes and Mango juice before I'm vaporized into a
billion atoms. Oh, and, we need more milk. But, I suppose that really
doesn't matter now, considering that atoms don't drink milk. And there
won't be any place to get milk. Unless, of course, there are Space Cows
floating in the Universe. And I hardly think that Vogons enjoy the fresh,
creamy taste of Carnation."

:)


Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 12, 2005, 2:34:11โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to

"Robert P" <notava...@this.address> wrote in message
news:d5vgbi$or1$1...@newsg2.svr.pol.co.uk...

> I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a
beginning
> Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am wondering
> why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker
answers.
> The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but when
> you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of
expertise
> their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us,
"Well,
> in this situation, this is what we say".

Read the archives, or read this group for a few more years. I have been
reading this group off-and-on for roughly 5 years, and I can tell you that
some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese speakers.


Kevin Wayne Williams

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May 12, 2005, 3:33:48โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to
Don't forget those pervasive forces of cultural expectations and social
acceptability. Their intangibility and vagueness does nothing to reduce
their power.

KWW

Cindy

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May 12, 2005, 3:39:46โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to
Pope Emperor FrogMaN wrote:

> some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese speakers.

ใใ†ใ„ใ†้ขจใซๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใชไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญใƒผ๏ผใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใญใ€ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ
ใ†ใพใ•ใฃใฆใฎใฏๆตๆšขใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใ ใญใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ไฝ•ใ ใจ่จŠใ‹ใ‚Œ
ใ‚‹ใจไธ€ใคใฎ็ญ”ใˆใซใพใจใพใ‚Šใใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€‚

Pope Emperor FrogMaN

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May 12, 2005, 4:08:22โ€ฏPM5/12/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:9tmdnU8vrJ5...@comcast.com...

ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚็งใฏใŸใ ่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฏๅคšๅˆ†่จ€่ชžใŒๆตๆšขใชๆŠ€
่ก“็š„ใซใงใ™ใ€‚ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฏๅคšๅˆ†ๆŠ€่ก“็š„ใซ่จ€่ชžใŒๆตๆšขใชใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰โ€ฆ
ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฏ่จ€่ชžใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ๆฑบใ—ใฆ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฃ่ชž็š„ใชๅฅ
ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็†Ÿ่ชžใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ใใ‚Œ
ใ‚‰ใฏใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆตๆšขใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใฏใšใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใชใœใงใ™ใ‹? ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซใฏ
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใซ้–ข้€ฃใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„ใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€‚


Travers Naran

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May 12, 2005, 6:26:56โ€ฏPM5/12/05
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Kevin Wayne Williams wrote:

> Travers Naran wrote:
> > Like black-clad ninjas holding katanas to your throat forcing you
to
> > eat breakfast and go to work. ^_^
> >
> > Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right
now or
> > go to work.
> >
> Don't forget those pervasive forces of cultural expectations and
social
> acceptability. Their intangibility and vagueness does nothing to
reduce
> their power.

Especially in Japan. I can imagine the new dorama from this...

The Sallaryman fighting against the those pervasive forces of cultural
expectations and social acceptability! Their intangibility and
vagueness doing nothing to reduce their power.

Salaryman: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
Wife:
ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ€€ๆœใ”้ฃฏใ‚’ใŸในใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€€ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
Salaryman: ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ

Cindy

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May 12, 2005, 6:41:27โ€ฏPM5/12/05
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Pope Emperor FrogMaN wrote:

ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชž๏ผˆ็‰นใซใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž๏ผ‰ใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใ€Œๆตๆšขใ•ใ€ใ‚’้‡่ฆใช็›ฎๆจ™ใซ
ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ็‰น่ณชใซๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ไบบใŒ
ๅฑใชใ„ใ€‚ใใฎใ‚ˆใ„๏ผˆใƒ›ใƒณใƒˆใฏๆ‚ชใ„๏ผ‰่ฆ‹ๆœฌใŒ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใจใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใƒปGใ€‚
ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏ(Phil Healy)ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ‚ŸใฃใŸใ‹ใšใ„ใถใ‚“ใจใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใƒผใƒ–ใ—ใŸใฎใง่ตฆใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’
ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ˜”ใฏใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ ใŒใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบ็‰น
ๆœ‰ใฎใšใ†ใšใ†ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นไธธๅ‡บใ—ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใกใฃใจใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ
่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ ๏ผŸใ€€่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญป
ใญใฃใกใ‚…ใฎใ€‚

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๅ–‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใญใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰
ใ™ใ”ใ„้€ฒๆญฉใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚


Danny Wilde

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May 12, 2005, 7:33:05โ€ฏPM5/12/05
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"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:uMqdnR4fGus...@comcast.com...

> ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชž๏ผˆ็‰นใซใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž๏ผ‰ใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใ€Œๆตๆšขใ•ใ€ใ‚’้‡่ฆใช็›ฎๆจ™ใซ
> ใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ็‰น่ณชใซๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ‹ใชใ„ไบบใŒ
> ๅฑใชใ„ใ€‚ใใฎใ‚ˆใ„๏ผˆใƒ›ใƒณใƒˆใฏๆ‚ชใ„๏ผ‰่ฆ‹ๆœฌใŒ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฎใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใจใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใƒปGใ€‚
> ใƒžใƒผใ‚ฏ(Phil Healy)ใฏไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ‚ŸใฃใŸใ‹ใšใ„ใถใ‚“ใจใ‚คใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใƒผใƒ–ใ—ใŸใฎใง่ตฆใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’
> ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๆ˜”ใฏใฒใฉใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใ‚‚ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ ใŒใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบ็‰น
> ๆœ‰ใฎใšใ†ใšใ†ใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นไธธๅ‡บใ—ใฎๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใกใฃใจใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ
> ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ ๏ผŸใ€€่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญป
> ใญใฃใกใ‚…ใฎใ€‚
>
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๅ–‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใญใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰
> ใ™ใ”ใ„้€ฒๆญฉใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใจใ€็งใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใพใ™ใŒ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ‚ฌใ‚ญๅคงๅฐ†ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใใ†ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ˆใ„่ฆ‹ๆœฌใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใŒไพ‹ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆจชๆŸ„ใ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ–ใฃใŸๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ“ใๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ ใžใ€ใจๅ‹˜้•ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใ‚‚ใใฃใจๅฐ‘ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ใกใชใฟใซไป–ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎM.A.ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใƒใƒณใƒ”ใƒฉๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่„‡ๅฝนใ‹ๅฎ‰ใฃใฝใ„ใ‚ซใƒณใƒ•ใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ‚ชๅฝนใซใ—ใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใงใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚“ใชใ™ใ”ใ„่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅค‰ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆฅใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚

่‰ฏใ„ๅญใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใง่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็œŸไผผใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚


Cindy

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May 12, 2005, 10:19:20โ€ฏPM5/12/05
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Danny Wilde wrote:

> ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใจใ€็งใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใพใ™
> ใŒ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ‚ฌใ‚ญๅคงๅฐ†
> ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใใ†ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“
> ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ˆใ„่ฆ‹ๆœฌใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚

ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใŠใจใชใ—ใใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹็งใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

> Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใŒไพ‹ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆจช
> ๆŸ„ใ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ–ใฃใŸๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ“
> ใๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ ใžใ€ใจๅ‹˜้•ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใ‚‚ใใฃใจๅฐ‘ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ใ ใฃใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๆ›ธใๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

> ใกใชใฟใซไป–ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎM.A.ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใƒใƒณใƒ”ใƒฉๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่„‡ๅฝนใ‹ๅฎ‰ใฃใฝใ„ใ‚ซใƒณ
> ใƒ•ใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ‚ชๅฝนใซใ—ใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใงใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚“ใชใ™ใ”ใ„่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
> ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅค‰ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆฅใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
> ใญใ€‚

ใ‚ใฎใญใƒผใ€็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไป•ไบ‹ใฏๅคงๅค‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใพใ˜ใ‚ใชๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
ใŸใพใซใฏ็”ŸใๆŠœใใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚บใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚

> ่‰ฏใ„ๅญใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใง่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็œŸไผผใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚

ใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ไบบใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅญใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€€ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใซใธใคใ‚‰ใ†ไบบ๏ผŸ


Danny Wilde

unread,
May 13, 2005, 12:37:43โ€ฏAM5/13/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:7c6dnQ2zBLc...@comcast.com...

> Danny Wilde wrote:
>
>> ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใจใ€็งใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใพใ™
>> ใŒ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ‚ฌใ‚ญๅคงๅฐ†
>> ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใใ†ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“
>> ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ˆใ„่ฆ‹ๆœฌใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>
> ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใŠใจใชใ—ใใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹็งใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
>
>> Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใŒไพ‹ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆจช
>> ๆŸ„ใ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ–ใฃใŸๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ“
>> ใๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ ใžใ€ใจๅ‹˜้•ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใ‚‚ใใฃใจๅฐ‘ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚
>
> ใ ใฃใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๆ›ธใๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใชไบบใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใใชใ„ใจๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚็งใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆใ“ใ“ใฎๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใจใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ•ใชใ‚‰ใ€Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใˆใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

>> ใกใชใฟใซไป–ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎM.A.ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใƒใƒณใƒ”ใƒฉๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่„‡ๅฝนใ‹ๅฎ‰ใฃใฝใ„ใ‚ซใƒณ
>> ใƒ•ใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ‚ชๅฝนใซใ—ใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใงใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚“ใชใ™ใ”ใ„่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
>> ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅค‰ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆฅใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
>> ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ‚ใฎใญใƒผใ€็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไป•ไบ‹ใฏๅคงๅค‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใพใ˜ใ‚ใชๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
> ใŸใพใซใฏ็”ŸใๆŠœใใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚บใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚
>

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’็ฟป่จณใ—ใŸใ“ใจใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ€ใŠไผ‘ใฟใจใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚


ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็ดๅพ—ใฎ่กŒใไผ‘ใฟๆ–นใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒไบบใฎ่‡ช็”ฑใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

>> ่‰ฏใ„ๅญใฎ็š†ๆง˜ใฏใ“ใกใ‚‰ใง่ชญใ‚“ใ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็œŸไผผใ—ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€‚
>
> ใงใ€ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ไบบใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๅญใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€€ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใซใธใคใ‚‰ใ†ไบบ๏ผŸ

Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠไป•ไบ‹ใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚็„ผใใใฐใฎๅฑ‹ๅฐใงใ‚‚ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ใ€ๅฅณๅญใƒ—ใƒญใƒฌใ‚นใจใ‹๏ผŸ

Danny.


Message has been deleted

Danny Wilde

unread,
May 13, 2005, 12:42:03โ€ฏAM5/13/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:7c6dnQ2zBLc...@comcast.com...

> Danny Wilde wrote:
>
>> ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซ็งใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใจใ€็งใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๅฎŒ็’งใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่ชใ‚ใพใ™
>> ใŒ็งใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใฎไธญใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ้ ๆ…ฎใชใ่จ€ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใจใ‚ฌใ‚ญๅคงๅฐ†
>> ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅฐ่ฑกใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใใ†ๆ›ธใ‹ใชใ„ใปใ†ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“
>> ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚ˆใ„่ฆ‹ๆœฌใจใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>
> ใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใใ†่จ€ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใฃใฆใŠใจใชใ—ใใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹็งใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
>
>> Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใŒไพ‹ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆจช
>> ๆŸ„ใ•ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๅ–ใฃใŸๆ…‹ๅบฆใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆ›ธใๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ“
>> ใๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ ใžใ€ใจๅ‹˜้•ใ„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใ‚‚ใใฃใจๅฐ‘ใชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚
>
> ใ ใฃใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒๆ›ธใๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

ๆœฌ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใŠใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใชไบบใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใใชใ„ใจๅผท่ชฟใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚็งใ‚’ๅซใ‚ใฆใ“ใ“ใฎๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใจใŠใ‹ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ•ใชใ‚‰ใ€Cindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏไบบใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ใ„ใˆใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

>> ใกใชใฟใซไป–ใฎ็ฑณๅ›ฝไบบใƒใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎM.A.ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใƒใƒณใƒ”ใƒฉๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ่„‡ๅฝนใ‹ๅฎ‰ใฃใฝใ„ใ‚ซใƒณ


>> ใƒ•ใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๆ‚ชๅฝนใซใ—ใ‹่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใพใ™ใ€‚ไป•ไบ‹ใงใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจใ—ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžใซ่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚“ใชใ™ใ”ใ„่ชค่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
>> ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅค‰ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ™ใŽใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆฅใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
>> ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ‚ใฎใญใƒผใ€็ฟป่จณใฃใฆไป•ไบ‹ใฏๅคงๅค‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใพใ˜ใ‚ใชๆ–‡ๆ›ธใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
> ใŸใพใซใฏ็”ŸใๆŠœใใซใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚บใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงๅฅฝใใชใ“ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚
>
>

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’็ฟป่จณใ—ใŸใ“ใจใง็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ€ใŠไผ‘ใฟใจใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 13, 2005, 1:23:28โ€ฏAM5/13/05
to
Travers Naran wrote:

> Salaryman: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
It souns like there isn't a sense of closeness between husband and wife
to me, but I guess some husbands say so.
I would say

ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
or
ไปŠๆœใฏใ”้ฃฏใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚

> Wife: ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ€€ๆœใ”้ฃฏใ‚’ใŸในใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€€ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผ

Maybe, 'ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ.....'
I've never heard 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ'

> Salaryman: ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ

ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŠใพใˆ๏ผ
or
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใชใ€ใ‹ใ‚ใ•ใ‚“๏ผ

When talking with my wife, I never say 'ใ‹ใชใ„.'
It is used when talking with others except for family (and relatives).

Hiroyuki

muchan

unread,
May 13, 2005, 3:34:05โ€ฏAM5/13/05
to
Lance F. wrote:
> Touche.
>
> To clarify for the benefit of others, "ikanakucha" is an abbreviated
> form of "ikanakute wa" only, as "ikanakya" (also "ikanakerya") is of
> "ikanakereba". When -kucha/kya is not followed by anthing, e.g.
> "sorosoro ikanakucha/kya...", naranai/ikenai is implied; which is
> implied doesn't really matter, as they would both give the same basic
> meaning. I believe that "naranai" is usually considered less forceful,
> though "ikenai" is heard more often in spoken Japanese.
>


Not before log there was a discussion about naranai/ikenai.

And it was me who said "naranai" is more forceful...
I wrote the reason and still I think so, but I can't say if every
native speaker agrees with me. :(

<s.l.j>ใฎไป–ใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใ‚‚่žใ‹ใชใใกใ‚ƒ๏ผŸใ€€๏ผ›๏ผ‰

at least, I can say that forcefull laws use "naranai".
and sometimes, depends on context, softer expressions may make it
more forcefull, too... aa kowai, kowai.. 8)


muchan

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 13, 2005, 5:35:05โ€ฏAM5/13/05
to
Danny Wilde wrote:
>
> "Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
> news:ljBge.1681$qT1.686@trnddc06...
>
> > I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
> > just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
>
> Is "shigoto ni iku" bad?
>

I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.

Each 'e' or 'ni' can be used when going to somewhere.
For example, 'Tokyo ni iku' or 'Tokyo e iku.'
However, when going to do something, 'e' is hardly
used. So, I would say 'asobi ni iku.' and I hardly ever
heard 'asobi e iku,' but I often hear 'shigoto e iku.'

Google search showed some intersting results.

ใ€Œ้Šใณใธ่กŒใใ€(asobi e iku) 128 hits
ใ€Œ้Šใณใซ่กŒใใ€(asobi ni iku) 541,000 hits

ใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใใ€(mukae e iku) 4 hits
ใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใใ€(mukae ni iku) 151,000 hits

--------

ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใธ่กŒใใ€(shigoto e iku) 9,820 hits
ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใใ€(shigoto ni iku) 102,000 hits

I have no idea why 'shigoto e iku' has relatively
so high number of hits.

Hiroyuki

Cindy

unread,
May 13, 2005, 12:06:10โ€ฏPM5/13/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:

> Travers Naran wrote:
>
>
>>Salaryman: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
>
> It souns like there isn't a sense of closeness between husband and wife
> to me, but I guess some husbands say so.
> I would say
>
> ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
> or
> ไปŠๆœใฏใ”้ฃฏใฏใ„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ€‚
>
>
>>Wife: ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ€€ๆœใ”้ฃฏใ‚’ใŸในใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€€ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
>
>
> Maybe, 'ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ.....'
> I've never heard 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
> When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ'

ใ€Œใˆใƒผใฃ๏ผใ€€ใ›ใฃใ‹ใไฝœใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใชใ‚“ใง้ฃŸในใชใ„ใฎใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€€ใ‚‚ใฃใŸใ„ใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใช
ใ„๏ผใ€€้ฃŸในใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใชใ‚“ใงไฝœใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€€็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅค•ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใซใ“ใ‚Œ้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใฃ๏ผใ€


>>Salaryman: ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ
>
>
> ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŠใพใˆ๏ผ

ใŸใ ใฎใ€Œใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„๏ผใ€ใญใ€‚

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 13, 2005, 3:00:31โ€ฏPM5/13/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
> [...]

>>"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
>>news:ljBge.1681$qT1.686@trnddc06...
>>
>>
>>>I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
>>>just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
>>
>>[...]

> I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
> very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
> but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
> Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
> and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.

More importantly, less of a gaigin.

I have known better since some time around 1970, when a group of
Japanese students at Indiana University put on an evening show of mostly
singing, as I recall. They advertised it partly in Japanese with a sign
that said something like "ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใธใ„ใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„."

It bothered me because I have trouble seeing ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ (and ไป•ไบ‹) as a
place, a proper destination. I'm just too slow-witted to readily
understand ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ as ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๅ‚ฌใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ and ไป•ไบ‹ as ไป•
ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€๏ผไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด.

Fortunately I won't be really and truly old for almost two months yet,
so I still have time to master that.

Bart

Bill

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May 13, 2005, 5:16:17โ€ฏPM5/13/05
to
In article <d61sd9$41o$1...@caraway.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp>,
"Hiroyuki" <smi...@hotmail.com> wrote:

> I have no idea why 'shigoto e iku' has relatively
> so high number of hits.

Probably they make the same generalization we do in English: "job" is
both the intangible thing you do and the place where you do it. Roughly
equivalent to "I am going to work," which does not usually mean "I am
about to start working." Although that *may* also be true.

Chris Kern

unread,
May 14, 2005, 2:47:53โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
On Fri, 13 May 2005 19:00:31 GMT, Bart Mathias <mat...@hawaii.edu>
posted the following:

>Hiroyuki wrote:
>> [...]
>>>"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
>>>news:ljBge.1681$qT1.686@trnddc06...
>>>
>>>
>>>>I'm uncomfortable with "shigoto-e iku" in any case, but that probably
>>>>just means I'm an old fogey gaigin. (Changing -e to -ni helps a bit.)
>>>
>>>[...]
>
>> I would say 'shigoto ni iku,' too. and I would feel
>> very uncomfortable when hearing 'asobi e iku.,'
>> but I'm not unconfortable with 'shigoto e iku.'
>> Maybe, I'm just used to hearing 'shigoto e iku,'
>> and I may be less fogeyish than Bart.
>
>More importantly, less of a gaigin.

"shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
lot (they say ไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ for instance) in Tochigi, for
instance.

-Chris

Marc Adler

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May 14, 2005, 3:21:44โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Chris Kern said the following on 5/13/2005 8:47 PM:

> "shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
> lot (they say ไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ for instance) in Tochigi, for
> instance.

It sounds as unmarked as ใซ to this gaigin's ear.

Marc

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 14, 2005, 5:02:46โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Cindy wrote:

> >>Wife: ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ€€ๆœใ”้ฃฏใ‚’ใŸในใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€€ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
> >
> >
> > Maybe, 'ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ.....'
> > I've never heard 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผ' in such a situation.
> > When your wife feels extreme frustration, she might say 'ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ'
>
> ใ€Œใˆใƒผใฃ๏ผใ€€ใ›ใฃใ‹ใไฝœใฃใŸใฎใซใ€ใชใ‚“ใง้ฃŸในใชใ„ใฎใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€€ใ‚‚ใฃใŸใ„ใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใช
> ใ„๏ผใ€€้ฃŸในใชใ„ใชใ‚‰ใชใ‚“ใงไฝœใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่จ€ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใ‚ˆ๏ผใ€€็„ก้ง„ใซใ—ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพ
> ใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅค•ใ”ใฏใ‚“ใซใ“ใ‚Œ้ฃŸในใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใฃ๏ผใ€

I wouldn't be surprised if you actually said so in your own daily life, but
I am
afraid that the salaryman's marrage might be falling apart.

Hiroyuki

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 14, 2005, 6:53:13โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Bart Mathias wrote:

> I have known better since some time around 1970, when a group of
> Japanese students at Indiana University put on an evening show of mostly
> singing, as I recall. They advertised it partly in Japanese with a sign
> that said something like "ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใธใ„ใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„."
>
> It bothered me because I have trouble seeing ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ (and ไป•ไบ‹) as a
> place, a proper destination. I'm just too slow-witted to readily
> understand ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ as ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๅ‚ฌใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ and ไป•ไบ‹ as ไป•
> ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€๏ผไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด.

Sorry, I doubt it. Your 'word association' hypothesis could explain the
small difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ
/่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ(0.0026%). As you know, the word ใ€Œ้Šใณๅ ดใ€is also as popular
as ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ๅ ดใ€, but we never sayใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€. So, associating ้Šใณ with
้Šใณๅ ด is possible but association ่ฟŽใˆ with ใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€is not practicable.
That might be why the usage of '่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ' is less than that of
'้Šใณใธ่กŒใ.' However, your hypothesis gives us no explanation of
the large difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ
/ไป•ไบ‹ใธ่กŒใ(9.6%). Both ้Šใณ and ไป•ไบ‹ are easily associtated with ้Šใณๅ ด
and ไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด, respectively.

As I was reading your prior post, my first intuition was like your
hypothesis. But I had to abandoned it soon, because I noticed this
case, ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ. Which is precisely why I searched Google.

Hiroyuki

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:57:24โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Bill wrote:

> Probably they make the same generalization we do in English: "job" is
> both the intangible thing you do and the place where you do it. Roughly
> equivalent to "I am going to work," which does not usually mean "I am
> about to start working." Although that *may* also be true.

I'm not good at English language. As I was reading your post,
I became concerned about what I wrote.
I worte "when going to do something". Does it mean that
"when being about to start doing something" ?

Hiroyuki

Kevin Wayne Williams

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May 14, 2005, 8:48:55โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to

I can mean different things. If I say "I'm going to read that book", I'm
not saying anything about motion. It means that I intend to read the
book. If I say "I'm going to the store", it is talking about physical
motion: I mean that I will travel to the store.

It gets ambiguous with some words, like "work." Work is a verb, and it
is also used as a noun, meaning the place where you do your job. "I am
going to work" can mean "I intend to work" or "I will travel to the
place where I do my job." Context usually makes it clear.

I disagree with Bill about "about to start". I don't think that the
phrase means that the action will happen immediately, just that it is
intended.

KWW

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 14, 2005, 9:44:30โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Chris Kern wrote:

> "shigoto e iku" sounds like hougen to me. Some older people use ใธ a
> lot (they say ไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ for instance) in Tochigi, for
> instance.

ใ€Œไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€is not Tochigi hougen but normal.
Eitherใ€Œใธใ€(e) or ใ€Œใซใ€(ni) can be used in such an expression.
I'm not a linguist, so I cannot show you a complete list of
ใ€Œใธใ€usage, but here's a rough list.

[place]
ๆฑไบฌใธ่กŒใ tokyo-e iku

[direction]
ไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‹ naka-e hairu
ๆฑใธๅ‘ใ‹ใ† higashi-e mukau

[object]
ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ kimi-e okuru

[state (situation?)]
ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ
neyoto siteiru tokoro-e denwaga atta

All of them are exchangeable for ใ€Œใซใ€(ni).

Hiroyuki

Cindy

unread,
May 14, 2005, 10:11:29โ€ฏAM5/14/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:

ๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆœใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’ใใกใ‚“ใจ้ฃŸในใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใธ่กŒใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‚ˆใ€‚

B. Ito

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May 14, 2005, 12:55:15โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:uMqdnR4fGus...@comcast.com...
----------------------------------------------------------ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ----
ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใชๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใทใ‚“ใทใ‚“

ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญปใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้šๅˆ†ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ’๏ฝ๏ฝ‡๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝŽใฎ่ฟฐในใŸใ€Œ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใซ

้–ข้€ฃใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„ใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚

็งใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใ‚„ใกใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎๆ–นใฏใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็†ฑๅฟƒใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ


>
>
>
>
>
>

Robert P

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:15:45โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to

"muchan" <q...@nimport.ou> wrote in message
news:65Ige.12087$F6.24...@news.siol.net...
> Robert P wrote:
> >
> > I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a
beginning
> > Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am
wondering
> > why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker
answers.
> > The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but
when
> > you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of
expertise
> > their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us,
"Well,
> > in this situation, this is what we say".
> >
>
> If you'll be reading this newsgroup for sometime longer, you'll know
> which non-native speakers are enough credible about what they say,
> and I say it as a native speaker of Japanese. :)

First of all, thanks for the reply, Muchan. I'm sorry if I implied that I
don't trust the answers of non-native speakers, it's just that people gave
several different answers and while I am sure that all of them are correct,
it would be nice to hear from a native Japanese speaker which one is
actually used in real life. For example, in English, there are many
sentences which may be technically correct, but they are not what people
usually say in conversation. It must be the same in Japanese.

> > Just a thought. Not implying any criticism either of those who answered
this
> > thread or those that didn't. I wonder what others think. The main reason
I
> > am making this point is that on the French language newsgroup (for
English
> > speaking learners of French) I frequent, most of the answers of this
nature
> > are supplied by native speakers. In this case, I have learnt the
"nakereba
> > narimasen" construction, but I would really like to know what actual
> > Japanese people would say in a similar context, rather than what is a
> > technically correct translation of the English. It would be nice to
hear
> > from one of those native speakers, as I know that many read and
contribute
> > to this forum.
> >
>
> On a French language newsgroup (for French learner of Japanese), that is
> <fr.lettres.langue.japanaise>, most questions are answered by French,
> and most of them having very good command on Japanese.

Thank you. I had a look at that newsgroup and was very impressed at the
Japanese knowledge of the French participants there.

> I think it's related to supply & demand. There are so many people fluent
> in both English and French, but not so much with Japanese and other
language.
> Here in <s.l.j>, mutuality, of teaching each other, between native
speakers of
> Japanese and English works very well, IMHO.
> (and I tell you, that non-native speakers of Japanese, like Bart,
> often teach us a lot of things about Japanese...)

Yes, I am sure that is the case.

> So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
> are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
> (like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
> why should I talk? :)

Well, in my opinion, the reason why you should talk is that you know exactly
what a native speaker would say in such a situation.

The original poster, Pope Emperor Frogman (nice name!), asked:

"I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
(do something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
have to
eat dinner now.""

Travers answered:

"From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu."

He also added the following possibilities:

"soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
ima gohan-o tabemasu yo."

and

"But more emphatically:

shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen"

Then Sean replied:

"Try ikanakucha or tabenakucha."

So what I am saying is that while I am sure all these answers from
non-native speakers are correct, I am still bewildered as to which one to
use myself if I want to say that. It would be nice to find out what Japanese
people normally say in such a situation. Obviously, I know there are
different levels of formality. So perhaps the answer will be different if
one is talking to one's boss, or just a friend. Also, another question I
have is about "shigoto e iku". I have heard some people say "kaisha e iku"
( or maybe "ni", but my main question is kaisha versus shigoto). Shigoto
obviously translates the English word "work", and English people never say
"I'm going to the company". But if that's more natural Japanese, it would be
better to learn that, rather than translate the English word directly.
However, I don't know if that is really the case, just that I have heard
people use "kaisha" in this sense.


> (C'est la meme pour <f.l.l.j>. Si la reponse d'un francais est bonne,
> je n'ai pas besoin de dire "c'est ca" chaque fois, comme un
japonais...)

Oui. Je comprends. Mais, si'l y a plusieurs de reponses, on ne sait pas
quelle reponse est plus souvent utilisee!

(Sorry for the bad French, and thanks again for your reply, Muchan!)


Robert P

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:18:38โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to

"muchan" <q...@nimport.ou> wrote in message
news:QaIge.12089$F6.24...@news.siol.net...

> I wrote:
> >
> > So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong
answers
> > are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
> > (like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
> > why should I talk? :)
> >
>
> and add one more.
>
> Here often native speakers of English understand the _question_
> better than the native speakers of Japanese!
>
> I can't tell what is the normal/exact/best way of saying something
> if I don't know what he/she wants to say in the first place!

I understand this could be a problem in some cases, but in this one the
question was quite simple. Anyway, in your case your English seems to be as
good as that of a native speaker, so please don't be so modest!


Robert P

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:24:44โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to

"Kevin Wayne Williams" <kww.n...@verizon.nut> wrote in message
news:1186jnt...@news.supernews.com...
> Robert P wrote:
> > "Pope Emperor FrogMaN" <uncle...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> > news:a_Age.1597$Y81....@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com...
> >
> >>"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
> >>news:1115841761.3...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...

> >>
> >>>>I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> >>>
> >>>(do
> >>>
> >>>>something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> >>>
> >>>have to
> >>>
> >>>>eat dinner now."
> >>>
> >>>>From what little experience I have talking with native speakers:
> >>>shigoto-e ikimasu. gohan-o tabemsu.
> >>>
> >>>>From my textbooks:

> >>>soro-soro shigoto-e iku-n-desu.
> >>>ima gohan-o tabemasu yo.
> >>>
> >>>But more emphatically:
> >>>
> >>>shigoto-e ikanakereba narimasen
> >>>gohan-o tabenakereba narimasen
> >>>
> >>>But I wouldn't recommend that because it sounds kind of strange to say
> >>>that for everyday situations.
> >>
> >>Thank you very much. To both of you.

> >
> >
> > I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a
beginning
> > Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am
wondering
> > why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker
answers.
> >
> You will find that they tend to give better and better answers to more
> and more complex questions. First year Japanese questions like this (I
> assume that your course taught you how to say
> shitsureishinakerebanaranaindesu and its variations in the first year)
> don't command much interest, and don't get many replies.

I'm not following a course, just trying to teach myself using books and the
Web. What I have found is that a direct translation of the English is not
always the best way to express oneself in a different language. I have
learnt the construction you mention, but I just wondered if that is what
Japanese people use in practice. See also my reply to Muchan.

> Travers's suggestions roughly climb a scale of translating "have to",
> and vary in appropriateness according to how important it is to
> communicate that you are at some level compelled to perform. "Gohan o
> tabemasu" really doesn't say "I *HAVE TO* eat", it just says that
> someone (probably the speaker) is eating (or will eat in the future).
> Context should fill in the fuzzy bits. Once you get to the
> 'nakerebanaranai" type constructions, you are conveying the notion that
> outside forces are acting upon you, and causing you to do the action
> under discussion.

Thank you for the above. That makes things a little clearer.


Cindy

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:23:08โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to
Robert P wrote:

> "muchan" <q...@nimport.ou> wrote in message
> news:QaIge.12089$F6.24...@news.siol.net...

>>I can't tell what is the normal/exact/best way of saying something


>>if I don't know what he/she wants to say in the first place!
>
>
> I understand this could be a problem in some cases, but in this one the
> question was quite simple. Anyway, in your case your English seems to be as
> good as that of a native speaker, so please don't be so modest!

muchan ใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚นใƒˆใซใชใ‚‹ใชใกใ‚…ใ†ใฎใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚

Robert P

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May 14, 2005, 7:36:46โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to

"Pope Emperor FrogMaN" <uncle...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:DkNge.1702$3%4....@newssvr13.news.prodigy.com...
>
> "Robert P" <notava...@this.address> wrote in message
> news:d5vgbi$or1$1...@newsg2.svr.pol.co.uk...

>
> > I have been reading this newsgroup for a couple of months, being a
> beginning
> > Japanese learner, and find it very useful indeed. However, I am
wondering
> > why with a question like this, not a single Japanese native speaker
> answers.
> > The answers from the non-Japanese people are indeed very helpful, but
when
> > you read their responses, you don't necessarily know what level of
> expertise
> > their Nihongo is. With a native speaker, at least they could tell us,
> "Well,
> > in this situation, this is what we say".
>
> Read the archives, or read this group for a few more years.

Admirable advice, but you know, people are busy and all that.

I have been
> reading this group off-and-on for roughly 5 years, and I can tell you that


> some folks here are probably MORE fluent than many Native Japanese
speakers.

Well, I'm sure that most people here have spent many years studying Japanese
and have an excellent knowledge of grammar etc. But when it comes to
everyday speech, I would think that native speakers would have the
advantage. Also, in the case of the native speakers who participate on this
newsgroup, like Muchan for example and Mr Ito, they seem to be very highly
educated people with an excellent knowledge of English as well as obviously
their own language.


Cindy

unread,
May 14, 2005, 7:34:22โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to
B. Ito wrote:


> ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใชๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใท
> ใ‚“ใทใ‚“
> ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญปใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้šๅˆ†ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

ใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใŸใ ใฎใ€Œๆญปใญใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆญปใ‚“ใ˜ใพใˆใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใŒใ€‚

> ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ’๏ฝ๏ฝ‡๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝŽใฎ่ฟฐในใŸใ€Œ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ข

> ใƒณใ‚นใซ
> ้–ข้€ฃใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„ใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>
> ็งใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใ‚„ใกใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใ‚ˆใๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏ่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใพ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚ไปฃ่กจ็š„ใชใฎใŒใ€€Don, Jim, Bartใ€€๏ผˆslj ใฎไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ‹ๅพกไธ‰ๅฎถใ‹๏ผ‰ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ
ไธ‰ไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผŸใ€€

ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใŒใ‚‰ใ™ใŒๅ‡บใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใ‚‚ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใใฆใฏ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„
ใฎใงใ€ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ไธ‰ไบบใ‚’ๅ€™่ฃœใซไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€ๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใซใ€‚ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใ€ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณGใจๆœ€ๅพŒ
ใฎไธ‰ไบบ็›ฎใฏใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผๅ›ใ ใซใƒผใ€‚

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 14, 2005, 10:33:58โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
> [...]

> I'm not a linguist, so I cannot show you a complete list of
> ใ€Œใธใ€usage, but here's a rough list.
>
> [place]
> ๆฑไบฌใธ่กŒใ tokyo-e iku
>
> [direction]
> ไธญใธๅ…ฅใ‚‹ naka-e hairu
> ๆฑใธๅ‘ใ‹ใ† higashi-e mukau
>
> [object]
> ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ kimi-e okuru
>
> [state (situation?)]
> ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ
> neyoto siteiru tokoro-e denwaga atta
>
> All of them are exchangeable for ใ€Œใซใ€(ni).

I have an (illegal; only NS can resist such things legally) resistance
to the last two. I have encountered the ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ type of expression
often enough to know it happens, but I seem to have a sense of ใธ as
marking direction instead of destination. So it sounds more or less OK
to me for ้ƒตไพฟใง but not for ๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™. (Better change "[object]" to
"[recipient]" or something.)

If I've ever encountered anything like the very last, it must have been
long ago, or when I was so busy keeping up with the conversation that I
didn't have time to be surprised by it. (Or maybe I just don't
remember. That's starting to happen a lot...)

Bart

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 14, 2005, 10:40:40โ€ฏPM5/14/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
> Bart Mathias wrote:
>
>
>>I have known better since some time around 1970, when a group of
>>Japanese students at Indiana University put on an evening show of mostly
>>singing, as I recall. They advertised it partly in Japanese with a sign
>>that said something like "ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใธใ„ใ‚‰ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„."
>>
>>It bothered me because I have trouble seeing ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ (and ไป•ไบ‹) as a
>>place, a proper destination. I'm just too slow-witted to readily
>>understand ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœ as ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎๅคœใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚’ๅ‚ฌใ™ๅ ดๆ‰€ and ไป•ไบ‹ as ไป•
>>ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€๏ผไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด.
>
>
> Sorry, I doubt it. Your 'word association' hypothesis could explain the
> small difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ
> /่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ(0.0026%). As you know, the word ใ€Œ้Šใณๅ ดใ€is also as popular
> as ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ๅ ดใ€, but we never sayใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€. So, associating ้Šใณ with
> ้Šใณๅ ด is possible but association ่ฟŽใˆ with ใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€is not practicable.
> That might be why the usage of '่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ' is less than that of
> '้Šใณใธ่กŒใ.' However, your hypothesis gives us no explanation of
> the large difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒใ
> /ไป•ไบ‹ใธ่กŒใ(9.6%). Both ้Šใณ and ไป•ไบ‹ are easily associtated with ้Šใณๅ ด
> and ไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด, respectively.

Would you believe I don't even know what those percentage figures mean?

> As I was reading your prior post, my first intuition was like your
> hypothesis. But I had to abandoned it soon, because I noticed this
> case, ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ. Which is precisely why I searched Google.

Can you detect a nuance between them? Do you yourself use both? (If
so, I presume you don't have to debate with yourself about which one to
use in any given circumstance.)

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 15, 2005, 4:59:29โ€ฏAM5/15/05
to
Bart Mathias wrote:

> I have an (illegal; only NS can resist such things legally) resistance
> to the last two.

I guess you might meet Japanese much earlier than I. So, I don't think
your resistance illegal. I'm happy to have your suggestion or criticism
at any time.

> I have encountered the ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ type of expression
> often enough to know it happens, but I seem to have a sense of ใธ as
> marking direction instead of destination. So it sounds more or less OK
> to me for ้ƒตไพฟใง but not for ๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™.

ใธ makes me feel 'direction,' too, but I don't mind ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใ€Œใธใ€ๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™.
Ah! I would say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆธกใ™ or ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™,but I would never
say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™ใ€‚ Sorry, I don't know why. It's just my feeling.

> (Better change "[object]" to "[recipient]" or something.)

Thank you for your correction. I agree with you.

> If I've ever encountered anything like the very last, it must have been
> long ago, or when I was so busy keeping up with the conversation that I
> didn't have time to be surprised by it. (Or maybe I just don't
> remember. That's starting to happen a lot...)

I'm not sure this is of modern usage, but it sounds natural
at least to me.

I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใ“ใ‚.

็ˆ†็™บใงๆ…Œใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ่ฅฒๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚
้™ใ‹ใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๅ—œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ็ๅฎขใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚

As you know, ใจใ“ใ‚ means not only place but also moment, so
I think ใจใ“ใ‚(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใ“ใ‚(place)+ใธ
usage.

Hiroyuki

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 15, 2005, 7:43:50โ€ฏAM5/15/05
to

"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
news:IEyhe.1930$sr1.453@trnddc04...
> use in any given circumstance.)Bart Mathias wrote:

> > Sorry, I doubt it. Your 'word association' hypothesis could explain the
> > small difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ่ฟŽใˆใซ่กŒใ
> > /่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ(0.0026%). As you know, the word ใ€Œ้Šใณๅ ดใ€is also as popular
> > as ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ๅ ดใ€, but we never sayใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€. So, associating ้Šใณ with
> > ้Šใณๅ ด is possible but association ่ฟŽใˆ with ใ€Œ่ฟŽใˆๅ ดใ€is not
practicable.
> > That might be why the usage of '่ฟŽใˆใธ่กŒใ' is less than that of
> > '้Šใณใธ่กŒใ.' However, your hypothesis gives us no explanation of
> > the large difference between ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ/้Šใณใธ่กŒใ(0.023%) and ไป•ไบ‹ใซ่กŒ
ใ
> > /ไป•ไบ‹ใธ่กŒใ(9.6%). Both ้Šใณ and ไป•ไบ‹ are easily associtated with ้Šใณๅ ด
> > and ไป•ไบ‹ๅ ด, respectively.
>
> Would you believe I don't even know what those percentage figures mean?

Ah! I forgot the difference between verb and noun.
It's a verb that ้Šใณ in the ้Šใณใซ่กŒใ is!
OK, I will examine with only nouns.
Thank you your suggestion.

Hiroyuki

B. Ito

unread,
May 15, 2005, 10:22:23โ€ฏAM5/15/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:yYmdnSA4Y-t...@comcast.com...

> B. Ito wrote:
>
>
>> ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใชๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใท
>> ใ‚“ใทใ‚“
>> ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญปใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้šๅˆ†ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚
>
> ใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใŸใ ใฎใ€Œๆญปใญใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆญปใ‚“ใ˜ใพใˆใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
>
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใˆใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎใพใพใ€ใซใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„๏ผˆๆฑๆด‹็š„๏ผ‰ใจๅฏพ็…งใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚

>
>> ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๅ–‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ๏ผฆ๏ฝ’๏ฝ๏ฝ‡๏ผญ๏ฝ๏ฝŽใฎ่ฟฐในใŸใ€Œ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ข
>> ใƒณใ‚นใซ
>> ้–ข้€ฃใฅใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๅŒ–็š„ใชใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใฎๆœ‰็„กใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>>
>>
>> ็งใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅฃใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ„ใ‚„ใกใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใ‚ˆใๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใซๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฏ่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใพ
> ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€‚ไปฃ่กจ็š„ใชใฎใŒใ€€Don, Jim, Bartใ€€๏ผˆslj ใฎไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ‹ๅพกไธ‰ๅฎถใ‹๏ผ‰ใงใ€ใ“ใฎ
> ไธ‰ไบบใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่‡ชๆ…ขใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผŸใ€€
>
> ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใŒใ‚‰ใ™ใŒๅ‡บใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใ‚‚ไฝœใ‚‰ใชใใฆใฏ้ข็™ฝใใชใ„
> ใฎใงใ€ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ไธ‰ไบบใ‚’ๅ€™่ฃœใซไธŠใ’ใพใ™ใ€ๅ‹ๆ‰‹ใซใ€‚ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ•ใ€ใ‚ฑใƒ“ใƒณGใจๆœ€ๅพŒ
> ใฎไธ‰ไบบ็›ฎใฏใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผๅ›ใ ใซใƒผใ€‚
>

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๅพกไธ‰ๅฎถใ€ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใงใ‚‚ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅพกๅ››ๅฎถใ€ใซใ‚‚ใ€Œๅพกไบ”ๅฎถใ€
ๅข—ใˆใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฟใŸใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใ‚‰ใŒใชใฎใปใ†ใŒ
ใ‚ใ“ใคใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฒใ‹ใˆใ‚ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใซใŠใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใŸใซใ‚‚
ๅคฑ็คผใ ใ—ใญใ€‚๏ผ‰

Cindy

unread,
May 15, 2005, 12:46:34โ€ฏPM5/15/05
to
B. Ito wrote:

>
> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
> news:yYmdnSA4Y-t...@comcast.com...
>
>> B. Ito wrote:
>>
>>
>>> ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ€Œๅƒ•ใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“ใฏ่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใ€€ใจใ„ใ†่กจ็พใฏ่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใชๅŒ‚ใ„ใŒใท
>>> ใ‚“ใทใ‚“
>>> ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฑ†่…ใฎ่ง’ใซ้ ญใถใคใ‘ใฆๆญปใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้šๅˆ†ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚
>>
>>
>> ใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ใŸใ ใฎใ€Œๆญปใญใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆญปใ‚“ใ˜ใพใˆใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจๆญฃ็ขบใง
>> ใ™ใŒใ€‚
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> ใ„ใˆใ€ใ„ใˆใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎใพใพใ€ใซใ—ใฆใŠใ„ใฆไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
> ่ฅฟๆด‹็š„ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็š„๏ผˆๆฑๆด‹็š„๏ผ‰ใจๅฏพ็…งใซใ—ใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใชใ‚‹ใƒ˜ใ‚ฝใ€‚


> ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๅพกไธ‰ๅฎถใ€ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใงใ‚‚ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œๅพกๅ››ๅฎถใ€ใซใ‚‚ใ€Œๅพกไบ”
> ๅฎถใ€
> ๅข—ใˆใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฟใŸใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œใฏใฒใ‚‰ใŒใชใฎใปใ†ใŒ
> ใ‚ใ“ใคใงใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฒใ‹ใˆใ‚ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚ŒใซใŠใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใŸ
> ใซใ‚‚
> ๅคฑ็คผใ ใ—ใญใ€‚๏ผ‰

ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‡ชๆฅญ่‡ชๅพ—ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ใกใ‚…ใ‹ใ€ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใกใ‚…ใ†ใ€Œไฟบใฏ้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚“ใ ใžใƒผใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ‚‹
ใžใƒผใ€‚ไฟบใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ ใžใƒผใ€‚ใ‚คใƒณใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ธใ‚งใƒณใƒˆใ ใžใƒผใ€‚๏ผˆไฟบใฎๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“่‹ฅใใฆ็พŽไบบใ 
ใžใƒผ๏ผ‰ใ€โ†ใ€€ใ“ใ†ใ„ใฎใ‚’ๅ‚ฒๆ…ข๏ผˆใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚น๏ผ‰ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ…‹ๅบฆใงๆฅใ‚‹
ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใฏๅ‰ใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใฎ้ƒจ้กžใซๆŒฏๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†
(by others)ใ€‚ใ€€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใ†ใพใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็‰ฉ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใจ่ช
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰๏ผˆ๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใพใงใ‚ˆใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹็ ดใ‚Œใช
ใ„ไบบใฏใ“ใ‚ใฃใจใ ใพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใ‚‚ๆป‘็จฝ๏ผˆใ“ใฃใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ ใญใ€‚

ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใ€€word for word ใงใใกใ‚“ใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ่‹ฑ่จณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ
้…ธๅŒ–ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ใจ่จณใ™ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€€Three
chickens ใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ“ใๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใชใ€‚


Bart Mathias

unread,
May 15, 2005, 9:11:29โ€ฏPM5/15/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
> Bart Mathias wrote:
>
>
>>I have an [...]illegal [...] resistance to the last two.
>
> I guess you might meet Japanese much earlier than I. [...]

No doubt. But I never had a chance to become well acquainted.

>>[...]


> ใธ makes me feel 'direction,' too, but I don't mind ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใ€Œใธใ€ๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™.
> Ah! I would say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆธกใ™ or ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™,but I would never
> say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™ใ€‚ Sorry, I don't know why. It's just my feeling.

I suspect it's worth noting. But what I really meant was that ใ€Œใ“
ใ‚Œใ€ใฃใฆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใธๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใŸใ™ใจใใฏใ€ๆˆ‘ใŒๅค–ๆ—ฅ่ชžใงใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ใ€
ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซ่ดˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

>> [...]
With reference to ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ:


> I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใ“ใ‚.
>
> ็ˆ†็™บใงๆ…Œใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ่ฅฒๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚
> ้™ใ‹ใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๅ—œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ็ๅฎขใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚
>
> As you know, ใจใ“ใ‚ means not only place but also moment, so
> I think ใจใ“ใ‚(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใ“ใ‚(place)+ใธ
> usage.

My resistance here was not to the ใจใ“ใ‚, of course. But I thought that
until your post I had used, and remembered being aware of, only ใจใ“ใ‚
ใซ. Now I think I was wrong to think so; ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ suddenly sounds quite
natural.

Thanks for straightening me out.

Bart

muchan

unread,
May 16, 2005, 3:28:34โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to
Bart Mathias wrote:

> Hiroyuki wrote:
>
>>ใธ makes me feel 'direction,' too, but I don't mind ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใ€Œใธใ€ๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™.
>>Ah! I would say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆธกใ™ or ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™,but I would never
>>say ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซๆ‰‹ใงๆธกใ™ใ€‚ Sorry, I don't know why. It's just my feeling.
>
>
> I suspect it's worth noting. But what I really meant was that ใ€Œใ“
> ใ‚Œใ€ใฃใฆ็‰ฉใ‚’ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใธๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใŸใ™ใจใใฏใ€ๆˆ‘ใŒๅค–ๆ—ฅ่ชžใงใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ใ€
> ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใซ่ดˆใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ„ใŸใ„ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
>

My feeling is that it is not question of ifใ€Œใธใ€is allowed or not, but
if it has same meaning as ใ€Œใซใ€ or not, and I think they are not the same.

For me, ใ€Œใธใ€is like a direction with open ending, so ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ›ใธ่ดˆใ‚‹ใ€
for example, seems me fitting in the situation like reading a poem to
a dead friend in a open field. The one for "send the gift" may not know
exactly where "you" is, but "whereever you're out there, I'm giving you this".

>
> With reference to ๅฏใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ้›ป่ฉฑใŒใ‚ใฃใŸ:
>
>>I think the last type of expression is always accompanied by ใจใ“ใ‚.
>>
>>็ˆ†็™บใงๆ…Œใฆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ่ฅฒๆ’ƒใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ€‚
>>้™ใ‹ใซใŠ่Œถใ‚’ๅ—œใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ็ๅฎขใŒใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€‚
>>
>>As you know, ใจใ“ใ‚ means not only place but also moment, so
>>I think ใจใ“ใ‚(moment)+ใธ usage comes from ใจใ“ใ‚(place)+ใธ
>>usage.
>
>
> My resistance here was not to the ใจใ“ใ‚, of course. But I thought that
> until your post I had used, and remembered being aware of, only ใจใ“ใ‚
> ใซ. Now I think I was wrong to think so; ใจใ“ใ‚ใธ suddenly sounds quite
> natural.
>
> Thanks for straightening me out.
>
> Bart

Here also, I think ใ€Œใซใ€is more "exact point" and ใ€Œใธใ€is open ended direction.
With ใธ, Ifeel ใจใ“ใ‚ as more vague, wider situation, than a "point" in a scene...


muchan

muchan

unread,
May 16, 2005, 3:38:53โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to

Those who read a part of the text I didn't make silly mistakes may think
that my English is as good as native speakers... 8)

The fact is that I never be in a English speaking country, except three days
in then British Hong Kong, and two times two hour transit in Heathlow airport.
I read very much, but never think I'm so fluent.
(Tell me 10 phrasal verbs, probably I don't know 6 or 7 of them... 8)

BTW, I'm not so modest about the language I speak everyday here.
I believe I have learned Slovenian almost as good as I can ever as a foreigner..
(including the ability to imitate some dialects and regionalism... 8)
but it's still quite far from perfect... I think the goal for leaning
a language is to communicate smoothly, not to reach the level of native speakers.


muchan

muchan

unread,
May 16, 2005, 3:55:38โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to
Robert P wrote:
>
snipped)

>>So, when we, (some NSoJ on this forum) read the thread and a wrong answers
>>are not questioned or corrected, we often say so, otherwise,
>>(like Sean's answer "ikanakucha") I have nothing to add, then
>>why should I talk? :)
>
>
> Well, in my opinion, the reason why you should talk is that you know exactly
> what a native speaker would say in such a situation.
>
> The original poster, Pope Emperor Frogman (nice name!), asked:
>
> "I was wondering... could someone please tell me how to say "I have to
> (do something)" in Japanese? For example, "I have to go to work" or "I
> have to
> eat dinner now.""
>
> Travers answered:
(snipped, sorry)
> Then Sean replied:
(snipped, sorry)

>
> So what I am saying is that while I am sure all these answers from
> non-native speakers are correct, I am still bewildered as to which one to
> use myself if I want to say that. It would be nice to find out what Japanese
> people normally say in such a situation. Obviously, I know there are
> different levels of formality. So perhaps the answer will be different if
> one is talking to one's boss, or just a friend.


What a native speaker would say differs in the situations, to whom, what intention,
what feeling etc.
So if I imagine one situation and tell, "I'd say this way.." and you think,
"that's it!", and use it in another situaton, you definitely sound funny!


> Also, another question I
> have is about "shigoto e iku". I have heard some people say "kaisha e iku"
> ( or maybe "ni", but my main question is kaisha versus shigoto). Shigoto
> obviously translates the English word "work", and English people never say
> "I'm going to the company". But if that's more natural Japanese, it would be
> better to learn that, rather than translate the English word directly.
> However, I don't know if that is really the case, just that I have heard
> people use "kaisha" in this sense.
>

This part is now discussed by Bart and Hiroyuki in another thread.
My general answer is you say "sigoto-ni iku", "kaisha-ni iku".

I can heardly imagine the situation you say "kaisha-e iku", but hearing
"Taroo-san-wa kaisha-e ikimasu", I'd imagine that Taroo-san is now going
out from home to his company, but the speaker doesn't know where exactly
is the Taroo-san's company...
"(I don't know where is his company but) Taroo-san is leaving home to his company"
Those who knows the distination, would say "kaisha-ni".

Some people works, but not in a company. These people don't say
"kaisha-ni iku", obviously. Or, those who work an employee of a company,
but his working place, field, office is not in the company building,
if they say "(kyou-wa) kaisha-ni iku" to his wife, it can be indicating
he's going to the company office, not his usual field of work.

Thus, I just say, it depends on situations.


muchan


muchan

unread,
May 16, 2005, 4:46:23โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to
Self-follow-up:

I wrote:
>
> This part is now discussed by Bart and Hiroyuki in another thread.
> My general answer is you say "sigoto-ni iku", "kaisha-ni iku".
>
> I can heardly imagine the situation you say "kaisha-e iku", but hearing
> "Taroo-san-wa kaisha-e ikimasu", I'd imagine that Taroo-san is now going
> out from home to his company, but the speaker doesn't know where exactly
> is the Taroo-san's company...
> "(I don't know where is his company but) Taroo-san is leaving home to
> his company"
> Those who knows the distination, would say "kaisha-ni".
>


Here, it may not be "they don't know where" but also "they don't care where"
is the company.

"Kaisha-ni iku" has a mental image of "arriving there", but "kaisha-e iku" has
just a mental image of "leaving home to (don't-care-where is) the company".

I wonder if Hiroyuki would agree with it as a NSoJ...

muchan

B. Ito

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May 16, 2005, 9:56:51โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:PPqdnUM-avV...@comcast.com...
--------------------------------------------------------------
๏ผžๆŒฏใ‚Šๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€(by others). ใ€€
ใ†ใ‚“ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€by seken ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็คพไผšใชใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„
็คพไผšใงใฏใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใซๆ‹˜ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไป–ไบบใฎ่ธใฟๅฐใซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ใŠๅ‰ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„็ญ–
ใจใ„ใ†่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใงใ‚‚็งใฏใ€ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒใŒๆ—บ็››ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚“ใชๅ ด้ขใซใงใใ‚ใ™ใจใ€็ด ็›ดใชๅ ดๅˆใจใใ†ใง
ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่‹ฅใ„ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„็พŽไบบ
ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใŸใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚Œ
ใจใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใŸใ„ใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใจไธ–้–“ใฎ่ฉ•ไพก
ใจใฎใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใฐใ€Œ่ฉ•ไพกๆ็›Šใ€ใฎ่‡ชๅทฑ็”ณๅ‘ŠใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚

ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็”ณๅ‘Šๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๅ†…ๅฟƒใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็ด ็›ดใซไผบใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚Šใซๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€
ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใ‚“ใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ๅญฆใณๅ–ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“
ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚


ใ€€
>ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใ†ใพใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็‰ฉ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใจ่ช
> ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰๏ผˆ๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใพใงใ‚ˆใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹็ ดใ‚Œใช
> ใ„ไบบใฏใ“ใ‚ใฃใจใ ใพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใ‚‚ๆป‘็จฝ๏ผˆใ“ใฃใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ ใญใ€‚
>

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ€Œ้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใ€ใ‹ใ€‚ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’
่€ƒใˆใฆใ€๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใจใ€้€†ใซ๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ—ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚Œใ—ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใšใ€
๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

> ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใ€€word for word ใงใใกใ‚“ใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ่‹ฑ่จณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ
> ้…ธๅŒ–ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ใจ่จณใ™ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€€Three
> chickens ใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ“ใๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใชใ€‚

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ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใฏ๏ฝŒ๏ผไธญ๏ผ˜๏ผ๏ผ™ใฏใปใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๆ‚ชใฎๆžข่ปธใ€็š„ใช
่กจ็พใฎๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚

ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‘ณๆฐ—ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ
>
>
>
>
>
>

Cindy

unread,
May 16, 2005, 11:35:29โ€ฏAM5/16/05
to
B. Ito wrote:


> ๏ผžๆŒฏใ‚Šๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€(by others). ใ€€
> ใ†ใ‚“ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€by seken ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็คพไผšใชใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„
> ็คพไผšใงใฏใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใซๆ‹˜ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไป–ไบบใฎ่ธใฟๅฐใซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚
> ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ใŠๅ‰ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„็ญ–
> ใจใ„ใ†่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใ€ๆšใ’่ถณๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ€็ตๅฑ€ใ€้ ญ่‰ฏใใฆใ‚‚้™ฐใงใฟใ‚“ใชใซใƒใ‚ซ
ใซใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†็พ่ฑกใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€‚

> ใงใ‚‚็งใฏใ€ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒใŒๆ—บ็››ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚“ใชๅ ด้ขใซใงใใ‚ใ™ใจใ€็ด ็›ดใชๅ ดๅˆใจใใ†ใง
> ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่‹ฅใ„ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€

่‹ฅใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚ซใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผ


ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„
> ็พŽไบบ
> ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใŸใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ
ใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚

ใ€€
> ใใ‚Œ
> ใจใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใŸใ„ใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใจไธ–้–“ใฎ่ฉ•ไพก
> ใจใฎใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใฐใ€Œ่ฉ•ไพกๆ็›Šใ€ใฎ่‡ชๅทฑ็”ณๅ‘ŠใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚

ใ†ใพใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใฏใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ„
ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€่ตคๅญ—ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‰ใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ 
muchan ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซใฏๆผขๅญ—ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒใƒƒใƒใƒชใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ็‰ฉใงใ‚‚ไธ€็•ชใ ใฃ
ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰่€ณใ–ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒๅฅฝใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚


> ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็”ณๅ‘Šๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๅ†…ๅฟƒใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็ด ็›ดใซไผบใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚Šใซๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€
> ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใ‚“ใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ๅญฆใณๅ–ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“
> ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ‚ใ‚ใƒผใ€็„ก็†็„ก็†๏ผใ€€็‰นใซ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅ‡บ่บซไบบใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ใฎไบบ้”้ ญ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‘
ใฉใ€ใƒใ‚ซใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚

>> ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใ†ใพใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็‰ฉ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใจ่ช
>> ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰๏ผˆ๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใพใงใ‚ˆใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹็ ดใ‚Œใช
>> ใ„ไบบใฏใ“ใ‚ใฃใจใ ใพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใ‚‚ๆป‘็จฝ๏ผˆใ“ใฃใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ ใญใ€‚
>>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ใ€Œ้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใ€ใ‹ใ€‚ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’
> ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใจใ€้€†ใซ๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ—ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚Œใ—ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
> ใšใ€
> ๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ใ„ใ‚‹ใ„ใ‚‹๏ผใ€€้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ้€†ใซ่ณขใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–ใƒปใƒปใƒป

ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒซใช่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€็‰ฉ็†ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใถใฃ
ใŸใพใ’ใŸใ“ใจใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚๏ผ’ๅ›žใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŠซ้œฒใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚

๏ผ‘๏ผŽ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผใฎ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ…ๅข—ใ—ใฎ่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใงๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ้ป’ๆฟใซ 100 x 1.15 = 115 ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ€‚
ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ็งใฎๅ‰ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใŸๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ€Œ1.15ใ€€ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ•ใ™ใŒใซๅฝผๅฅณ
ใฏ็‰ฉ็†ใงDใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹็พฝ็›ฎใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚

๏ผ’๏ผŽๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ้‰›ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…ƒ็ด ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€Pb ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธ€ไบบใฎ้‡‘้ซช
ใฎๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใƒ”ใƒผใƒ“ใƒผใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นๅ…จๅ“ก
ใถใฃใŸใพใ’ใŸใ€‚ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฏ็ฌ‘ใ„่ฉฑใจใ—ใฆ่ชžใ‚Š็ถ™ใŒใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚

ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใƒกใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ็‰ฉ็†ใฏ้›ฃใ—ใใฆ็ตๆง‹ๅฑใชใ„็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ
ใฏใ€ใชใ‚“ใจAใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„้™ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚

>> ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใ€€word for word ใงใใกใ‚“ใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ่‹ฑ่จณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ
>> ้…ธๅŒ–ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ใจ่จณใ™ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€€Three
>> chickens ใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ“ใๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใชใ€‚
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใฏ๏ฝŒ๏ผไธญ๏ผ˜๏ผ๏ผ™ใฏใปใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๆ‚ชใฎๆžข่ปธใ€็š„ใช
> ่กจ็พใฎๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>
> ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
> ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‘ณๆฐ—ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

็งใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้™ๅ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚


B. Ito

unread,
May 17, 2005, 7:09:18โ€ฏAM5/17/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:04SdnS6cv-B...@comcast.com...

> B. Ito wrote:
>
>
>> ๏ผžๆŒฏใ‚Šๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€(by others). ใ€€
>> ใ†ใ‚“ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€by seken ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž็คพไผšใชใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„
>> ็คพไผšใงใฏใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใซๆ‹˜ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจไป–ไบบใฎ่ธใฟๅฐใซใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚
>> ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ใŠๅ‰ใใ“ใซใ„ใŸใฎใ‹ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ„ใ‚ใ‚Œใชใ„็ญ–
>>
>> ใจใ„ใ†่งฃ้‡ˆใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ†ใ€ๆšใ’่ถณๅ–ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ€็ตๅฑ€ใ€้ ญ่‰ฏใใฆใ‚‚้™ฐใงใฟใ‚“ใชใซใƒใ‚ซ
> ใซใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†็พ่ฑกใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€‚
>
>> ใงใ‚‚็งใฏใ€ๅฅฝๅฅ‡ๅฟƒใŒๆ—บ็››ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚“ใชๅ ด้ขใซใงใใ‚ใ™ใจใ€็ด ็›ดใชๅ ดๅˆใจใใ†ใง
>> ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่‹ฅใ„ใฎใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€
>
> ่‹ฅใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚ซใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡๏ผ
>
>
> ใ€Œใฉใ†ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„
>> ็พŽไบบ
>> ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใŸใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ
> ใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚
>
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ใงใ‚‚ใ€็„ก้ง„ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎๆœฌไบบใซ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€ใใฎไบบใฎ
ใ€Œๅˆคๆ–ญใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใ€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎไบบใจๅคงใ’ใ•ใซใ„ใˆใฐใ€
ไป˜ใๅˆใ„ๆ˜“ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’่‹ฅใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ€
ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’็พŽไบบใ€ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€€ใจใ‹ใญใ€‚

ใ€ŒใŠใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‹ใžใ€ใ€€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸไบบใŒใ„ใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใชใซใ‚’ใฌใ‹ใ—ใจใ‚‹ใ€
ใŠใ‚Œใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใงใ‡ใ€ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ€ๆ€ใ‚ใš๏ผ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€ใ€Œใปใปใ‰ใ€ใ—ใฆใฉใฎ
ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‹ใญใ€ใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎไบบใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’
่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใŒใฃใฆ/่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใใใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚Œใฐ
ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

> ใ€€
>> ใใ‚Œ
>> ใจใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใฎๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใŸใ„ใ™ใ‚‹่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใฎ่ฉ•ไพกใจไธ–้–“ใฎ่ฉ•ไพก
>> ใจใฎใ€Œๅทฎใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚ใฐใ€Œ่ฉ•ไพกๆ็›Šใ€ใฎ่‡ชๅทฑ็”ณๅ‘ŠใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ†ใพใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฌใƒณใ‚นใฏใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ„
> ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ€ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ€่ตคๅญ—ใฟใŸใ„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‰ใซ่ชญใ‚“ใ 
> muchan ใฎ่จ˜ไบ‹ใซใฏๆผขๅญ—ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใƒใƒƒใƒใƒชใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œ็‰ฉใงใ‚‚ไธ€็•ชใ ใฃ
> ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ–ใ‚Œใฆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰่€ณใ–ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒๅฅฝใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚ŒใฏไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฝใกใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจๅฟƒๅพ—ใฆใญใ€‚
ใใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ€ใ€Œใชใซใ‚’ใ“ใ„ใคใˆใ‚ใใ†ใชใ“ใจใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใ„๏ผ‰ใ‚„ใŒใ‚‹ใ€

ใจใชใฃใฆ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฑ้™บๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใญใ€‚

ใ€Œๆœจ็™ปใ‚Šใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฟบใฎๅณใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ„ใชใ ใ‚ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใใฎ่ถณใงใ€
ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใŸใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใญใ€‚

>
>> ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็”ณๅ‘Šๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๅ†…ๅฟƒใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็ด ็›ดใซไผบใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚Šใซๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€
>> ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใ‚“ใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ๅญฆใณๅ–ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“
>> ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
>
> ใ‚ใ‚ใƒผใ€็„ก็†็„ก็†๏ผใ€€็‰นใซ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅ‡บ่บซไบบใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ใฎไบบ้”้ ญ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‘
> ใฉใ€ใƒใ‚ซใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ“ใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎ
็ถฒ่†œใซๆ˜ ใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใƒˆใƒผใ‚ญใƒผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่€ณใฎ้ผ“่†œใ‚’ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ไป–ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ็‰นใซใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใคใ„็งใ‚‚ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณใ‚’
ไฝ•ๅๅ›ž็›ฎใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆฟ€ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€‚

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>>> ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ„ใใ‚‰ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใŒใ†ใพใใฆใ‚‚ใ€็‰ฉ็Ÿฅใ‚Šใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใจ่ช
>>> ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰๏ผˆ๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ‚Œใพใงใ‚ˆใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใใ‚ŒใŒ่ฆ‹็ ดใ‚Œใช
>>> ใ„ไบบใฏใ“ใ‚ใฃใจใ ใพใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ€้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆ็พ่ฑกใ‚‚ๆป‘็จฝ๏ผˆใ“ใฃใ‘ใ„๏ผ‰ใ ใญใ€‚
>>>
>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ใ€Œ้ดไธ‹ไบบๅฝขใ€ใ‹ใ€‚ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€่ค‡้›‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’
>>
>> ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใจใ€้€†ใซ๏ผ’๏ผ๏ผ“ใ—ใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใใ‚Œใ—ใ‹่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œ
>> ใšใ€
>> ๏ผ‘๏ผใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ„ใ‚‹ใ„ใ‚‹๏ผใ€€้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ้€†ใซ่ณขใ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ–ใƒปใƒปใƒป

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใใ†ใ€้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎๆ™‚ใฎใ€Œ็›ฎใคใใ€๏ผˆใจใ„ใˆใฐๆ‚ชใ„

ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฒใณใใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ–ใ—ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ“ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ‹ใชใ€่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
ใ€Œ็›ฎใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ€ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ‰ใ€€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

ๆˆฆไบ‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ตใ‚‚้ป™ใฃใฆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซๆ€–ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใƒคใƒผใƒคใƒผ
ใจใ„ใฃใฆๆญฆๅ™จใ‚‚ไธธๅ‡บใ—ใงๆ”ปใ‚ใฆใใ‚‹ๆ•ตใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ไธ€็›ฎ็žญ็„ถ
ใใฎๆ•ตใฎๅŠ›้‡ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€

>
> ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใƒญใƒผใ‚ซใƒซใช่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€็‰ฉ็†ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใฎ่ณชๅ•ใซใถใฃ
> ใŸใพใ’ใŸใ“ใจใŒๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚๏ผ’ๅ›žใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆŠซ้œฒใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
>
> ๏ผ‘๏ผŽ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผใฎ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ…ๅข—ใ—ใฎ่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใงๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ้ป’ๆฟใซ 100 x 1.15 = 115 ใจๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ€‚
> ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ็งใฎๅ‰ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใŸๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ€Œ1.15ใ€€ใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ•ใ™ใŒใซๅฝผๅฅณ
> ใฏ็‰ฉ็†ใงDใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ“ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใ‚’ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹็พฝ็›ฎใซใชใฃใŸใ€‚
>
> ๏ผ’๏ผŽๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ้‰›ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ…ƒ็ด ่จ˜ๅทใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€Pb ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไธ€ไบบใฎ้‡‘้ซช
> ใฎๅฅณๆ€งใŒใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใƒ”ใƒผใƒ“ใƒผใฃใฆไฝ•๏ผŸใ€ใจ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใ€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นๅ…จๅ“ก
> ใถใฃใŸใพใ’ใŸใ€‚ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ“ใฎใ‚คใƒ™ใƒณใƒˆใฏ็ฌ‘ใ„่ฉฑใจใ—ใฆ่ชžใ‚Š็ถ™ใŒใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
>
> ใ“ใฎใ‚ปใƒกใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใฎ็‰ฉ็†ใฏ้›ฃใ—ใใฆ็ตๆง‹ๅฑใชใ„็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซ
> ใฏใ€ใชใ‚“ใจAใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๅฌ‰ใ—ใ„้™ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
>

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ็คพไผšไบบๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆไฝไฟฎๅพ—ใ€

ใจใ‹ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€่ทใฎใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นไฟฎๅพ—ใฎ่ฌ›ๅบงใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€

็งใ‚‚ไธ€็ดšใ‚ขใƒžใƒใƒฅใ‚ข็„ก็ทš้€šไฟกๅฃซใฎๅ›ฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใŸใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฎๆŠ•็จฟ
ใซใ‚ˆใๅ‡บใฆใใŸ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใ‚„ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฏพๆ•ฐ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€่™šๆ•ฐๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝ™ๅ„€
ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ•ใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใฎไธ€ใคใ ใฃใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒ
ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใŒใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚็ดๅพ—ใ„ใ‹ใšใ€็†่งฃใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€

ใใ‚Œใ‚’็พ่ทใงๅฐ‚้–€ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๆ–นใฏใšใฃใจ
่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใซใšใฃใจ็›ฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใ€๏ผ“๏ผ็ง’ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ๅ†…ใซใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใƒŸใ‚นใƒ—ใƒชใงใ™
ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใ‚’ใใฎๅ ดใงๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ—ใฆใ€๏ผ’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚๏ผ“ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸ
ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใซใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚“ใชใŠ็ฌ‘ใ„ใŒไบŒๅบฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

>>> ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใซใ€€word for word ใงใใกใ‚“ใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎ่‹ฑ่จณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒ
>>> ้…ธๅŒ–ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ€ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ—ใ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ใจ่จณใ™ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸใ€€Three
>>> chickens ใ‹ใช๏ผŸใ€€ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ†ใ ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ“ใๅคฑ็คผใงใ™ใชใ€‚
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใฏ๏ฝŒ๏ผไธญ๏ผ˜๏ผ๏ผ™ใฏใปใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๆ‚ชใฎๆžข่ปธใ€็š„ใช
>>
>> ่กจ็พใฎๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>>
>> ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>> ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‘ณๆฐ—ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ็งใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้™ๅ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€็‰นใซใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชž่ชžๆณ•ไบ‹ๅ…ธใ€้กžใฎ่‘—ไฝœใซๆœฌๅ ดใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฎใŽใ€
ไธ–็•Œใ„ใก่ฉณใ—ใ„ๅฐ‚้–€ๆ›ธใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใชใใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซๆ–ญๅฎšใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹
ใชใใ€ใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธๅฎ‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅ‹ขใ„ใง่งฃ่ชฌใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™

ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ฝ“๏ฝŒ๏ฝŠใงใฏ็ ”็ฉถ็†ฑๅฟƒใชๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใŒใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ

ๆœ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ไบ‹้ …ใพใง็–‘ๅ•่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€ๆŠ•็จฟใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†
ใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ‚“ใชๆ–นใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three"ใ€€ใงใฏๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€

ๅ˜็ด”ใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใ€€ๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ€ๅฃ่ชฟใจใ—ใฆใ€๏ผธใซไปฃๅ…ฅ
ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซๆ‹˜ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใญใ€‚

ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ไธŠใงใ€็™บใฃใ—ใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎใใฎใ€Œ้™ๅ‚ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ๏ผŸ
ใใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆŽฒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅฝนไธ‰ๅฝนใ€ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 17, 2005, 9:49:27โ€ฏAM5/17/05
to
I wrote:

>I will examine with only nouns.

Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
but I guess some people are interested in it.

This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.
ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ ใ€€ ใซใ€€ ใธ total ใธ/total
็›ดๅ‰ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%
้Š่ˆˆใ€€ 170 0 170 0.0%
ๅ†™็”Ÿ 790 1 791 0.1%
ๆ•‘ๅ‡บ 13,200 19 13,219 0.1%
ไผ‘ๆ†ฉ 7,670 28 7,698 0.4%
้€ฎๆ• 788 3 791 0.4%
ๆœๆŸป 995 8 1,003 0.8%
ๅŠดๅƒ 809 10 819 1.2%
ๅ‹‰ๅผท 3,780 59 3,839 1.5%
ๆฐดๆณณ 1,910 44 1,954 2.3%
ๅตๅฏŸ 6,160 157 6,317 2.5%
้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€€ 37,400 1,110 38,510 2.9%
้Š่ฆง 64 2 66 3.0%
ๆพๆฑŸ 2,420 101 2,521 4.0%
ใ‚ตใƒผใƒ•ใ‚คใƒณ 3,090 138 3,228 4.3%
่จบๅฏŸ 4,530 220 4,750 4.6%
่ชฟๆŸปใ€€ 8,550 418 8,968 4.7%
ๅพŒ 10,500 568 11,068 5.1%
่ฒทใ„็‰ฉ 157,000 9,590 166,590 5.8%
ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผ 38,500 2,940 41,440 7.1%
ๆ˜ ็”ป 18,500 1,420 19,920 7.1%
ๅด 10,800 837 11,637 7.2%
ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใƒ”ใƒณใ‚ฐ 4,900 412 5,312 7.8%
ๆญŒ่ˆžไผŽ 443 38 481 7.9%
ไป•ไบ‹ 102,000 9,820 111,820 8.8%
้ ่ถณ 9,190 973 10,163 9.6%
ๆ—…่กŒ 289,000 31,700 320,700 9.9%
ๆฝฎๅนฒ็‹ฉใ‚Š 885 100 985 10.2%
้ธๆŒ™ 9,150 1,180 10,330 11.4%
ๅพŒ+ๅพŒใ‚ 15,240 2,518 17,758 14.2%
ๆˆฆไบ‰ 11,600 2,080 13,680 15.2%
ๅ…ฌๅœ’ 52,200 14,900 67,100 22.2%
ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ 34,000 9,850 43,850 22.5%
ๅŒ—ๆตท้“ 33,700 10,400 44,100 23.6%
้ง… 34,700 10,900 45,600 23.9%
ๅณ 27,600 10,200 37,800 27.0%
ๅทฆ 24,500 9,150 33,650 27.2%
ไบฌ้ƒฝ 30,300 12,300 42,600 28.9%
ๅพŒใ‚ 4,740 1,950 6,690 29.1%
ๅ–ซ่Œถๅบ— 6,360 2,930 9,290 31.5%
ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚น 8,070 3,740 11,810 31.7%
็—…้™ข 199,000 93,200 292,200 31.9%
ๅญฆๆ ก 184,000 87,600 271,600 32.3%
ๆฑไบฌ 71,300 37,700 109,000 34.6%
ไธญ 10,500 5,580 16,080 34.7%
ๅธ‚ๅฝนๆ‰€ 4,130 2,290 6,420 35.7%
ๆœชๆฅ 13,400 8,170 21,570 37.9%
ๅ— 11,800 8,540 20,340 42.0%
ๆฑ 8,640 6,870 15,510 44.3%
่ญฆๅฏŸ 7,500 7,710 15,210 50.7%
ๅ‰ 5,400 6,480 11,880 54.5%
ๅŒ— 13,800 25,300 39,100 64.7%
่ฅฟ 10,600 25,600 36,200 70.7%
ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%
้ŽๅŽป 664 5,060 5,724 88.4%


I searched usages of [noun]+ใซ่กŒใ and [noun]+
ใธ่กŒใin the google database with fity four
nouns popping into my head at random.

Unexpectedly, the ratios of ใธ่กŒใ-usage spreaded
over a wide range, from 0.00% (็›ดๅ‰ chokuzen) to
88.4% (้ŽๅŽป kako). Since contexts were ignored,
each ratio must have a different bias caused by
different frequencies of appearance of each word
in various contexts.

I don't intend to open discussion on it, so I don't
comment on it.

Hiroyuki

Cindy

unread,
May 17, 2005, 11:55:46โ€ฏAM5/17/05
to
B. Ito wrote:


>> ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œใชใƒผใ‚“ใ ๅคงใ—ใŸใ“ใจใชใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็พŽใ—ใ
>> ใฆใ‚‚ใ€‚
>>
> -----------------------------------------------
> ใงใ‚‚ใ€็„ก้ง„ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎๆœฌไบบใซ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๅˆใ‚ใฆใ€ใใฎไบบใฎ
> ใ€Œๅˆคๆ–ญใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใ€ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใฎไบบใจๅคงใ’ใ•ใซใ„ใˆใฐใ€
> ไป˜ใๅˆใ„ๆ˜“ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’่‹ฅใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ€
> ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚’็พŽไบบใ€ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€€ใจใ‹ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ€ŒใŠใ‚Œใฏใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‹ใžใ€ใ€€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸไบบใŒใ„ใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใชใซใ‚’ใฌใ‹ใ—ใจ
> ใ‚‹ใ€
> ใŠใ‚Œใฎๆ–นใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ‚‹ใงใ‡ใ€ใ€ใชใ‚“ใฆใ€ๆ€ใ‚ใš๏ผ่จ€ใ‚ใšใ€ใ€Œใปใปใ‰ใ€ใ—ใฆใฉใฎ
> ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‹ใญใ€ใ€ใจ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎไบบใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’
> ่žใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใŒใฃใฆ/่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚
>
> ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใใใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚Œใฐ
> ๆŒใฃใฆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใฎๅŸบๆบ–ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

ใฏใ„ใ€ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใฎใŠใŠใ›ใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใŠ้‡‘ใชใ‚‰ใพใ ่ตฆใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ใƒใ‚ซใจใŠ
้‡‘ใฏใใฃใคใ‹ใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใฎ้‡ใ‚‚ใใฎไบบใฎ่ณขใ•ใ‚’ๆ˜ ใ—ใ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ—
ใ‹ใ—ใ€้ ญใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๆ„šใ‹่€…ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่จ€ใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใฎใ€‚็‰ฉ็†ใงDใ‚’็ฒใฃ
ใŸใƒกใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒผใ‚‚ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ†่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚้ ผใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใชใ„ใฎใซใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฎ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
ใ“ใจใ‚’็งใซๆ•™ใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใŸใ€‚๏ผˆๆŠผใ—ๅฃฒใ‚Šใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ๏ผ‰ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŒ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฟใ‚“ใชใซๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้ ญใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’
่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใฏใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใŸใŒใ‚‹ใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’็…™ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ
ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅฐ‚้–€ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณๅฅณๅฒใซไบบๆฐ—้›†ไธญใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆๅ…จๅ“กใซ้›ปๅญ
ใƒกใƒผใƒซใงๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใšใฃใจ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ็‚นใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚ใฎๅนณๅ‡็‚นใŒ
๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผŽ๏ผ˜๏ผˆ็งใฏ๏ผ™๏ผ”ใ€ใกใชใฟใซ๏ผ™๏ผ’็‚นๅ–ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจAใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใชใ„๏ผ‰ใจใ„ใ†ใ€ใ‚ขใƒณใƒ“
ใƒชใƒผใƒใƒ–ใƒซใชๅฟซๆŒ™ใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบๅคฉๆ‰ใŒใŠใ‚Šใพใ—
ใฆใ€ๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ๏ผ’๏ผ•ๆญณใงใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใƒขใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒซใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰
ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ›ใšใซใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆๅ…จ้ƒจ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ็‚น๏ผใ€€ๆŽˆๆฅญไธญใฏใŠใจใชใ—ใใ€ๅฝผ
ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ใ—ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใฏ็งใฎใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใŒ็„กใใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นๅ…จๅ“กใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฟ…ใšใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใฎ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ“ใ—
ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ใจ็”ณใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€่‹ฅใ„ใฎใซใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใง
ใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏ็ดฐใ‹ใ„ๆ‰€ใพใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็‰ฉ็†ใŒๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚ใ€
ใชใ‚“ใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ€‚

> ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚ŒใฏไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฝใกใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจๅฟƒๅพ—ใฆใญใ€‚
> ใใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ€ใ€Œใชใซใ‚’ใ“ใ„ใคใˆใ‚ใใ†ใชใ“ใจใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใ„๏ผ‰ใ‚„
> ใŒใ‚‹ใ€
> ใจใชใฃใฆ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฑ้™บๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
> ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ€Œๆœจ็™ปใ‚Šใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฟบใฎๅณใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ„ใชใ ใ‚ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใใฎ่ถณใงใ€
> ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใŸใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใใ†๏ผใ€€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Š๏ผใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธ–็•Œใ€็‰นใซใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใใ†ใ—ใกใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘
ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ขจๆฝฎใŒใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ใใฃใ“ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใƒผใ€‚


>>> ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็”ณๅ‘Šๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๅ†…ๅฟƒใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็ด ็›ดใซไผบใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚Šใซๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€
>>> ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใ‚“ใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ๅญฆใณๅ–ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“
>>> ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
>>
>>
>> ใ‚ใ‚ใƒผใ€็„ก็†็„ก็†๏ผใ€€็‰นใซ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅ‡บ่บซไบบใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ใฎไบบ้”้ ญ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‘
>> ใฉใ€ใƒใ‚ซใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ“ใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎ
> ็ถฒ่†œใซๆ˜ ใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใƒˆใƒผใ‚ญใƒผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่€ณใฎ้ผ“่†œใ‚’ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ไป–ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ็‰นใซใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใคใ„็งใ‚‚ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณใ‚’
> ไฝ•ๅๅ›ž็›ฎใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆฟ€ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€‚

ใใ†ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใฏใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
ใญใ€‚ใ•ใ™ใŒใซไธ–็•Œไธญใ‚’้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฎๅบƒใ•ใจๆŸ”่ปŸใ•ใฏ็พจใพใ—ใ„้™
ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใฎๆ„š็—ดใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚

> ใใ†ใ€้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎๆ™‚ใฎใ€Œ็›ฎใคใใ€๏ผˆใจใ„ใˆ
> ใฐๆ‚ชใ„
> ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฒใณใใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ–ใ—ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ“ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ‹ใชใ€่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
> ใ€Œ็›ฎใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ€ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ‰ใ€€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

่ฆ–็ทšใญใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ใ‚ใ‚๏ผˆใŸใ‚ๆฏ๏ผ‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚€ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‹ใกใƒผใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ
ใงใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅคฑ็คผใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚้ซ˜ๆ ก็”Ÿใฎๆ™‚ใชใ‚“ใ‹็›ฎใŒๅˆใฃใฆไธŠ็ดš็”Ÿใซๅ‘ผๅ‡บ
ใใฃใŸใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ‚ใฃใŸใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„๏ผŸใ€€ใงใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใฏใ€่ฉฑใ™ๆ™‚ใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒ็คผๅ„€ใ€‚ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚จใƒณใ‚นใฎไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ—ใชใ•
ใ„ใจๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎๅฐ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ€‚


> ๆˆฆไบ‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ตใ‚‚้ป™ใฃใฆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซๆ€–ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใƒคใƒผใƒคใƒผ
> ใจใ„ใฃใฆๆญฆๅ™จใ‚‚ไธธๅ‡บใ—ใงๆ”ปใ‚ใฆใใ‚‹ๆ•ตใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ไธ€็›ฎ็žญ็„ถ
> ใใฎๆ•ตใฎๅŠ›้‡ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใฎใซ้™ใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‰ใŒๅผทใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸใ€€
ใ€€
> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ็คพไผšไบบๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆไฝ
> ไฟฎๅพ—ใ€
> ใจใ‹ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€่ทใฎใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นไฟฎๅพ—ใฎ่ฌ›ๅบงใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€

ใฏใ„ใ€ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

> ็งใ‚‚ไธ€็ดšใ‚ขใƒžใƒใƒฅใ‚ข็„ก็ทš้€šไฟกๅฃซใฎๅ›ฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใŸใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฎๆŠ•็จฟ
> ใซใ‚ˆใๅ‡บใฆใใŸ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใ‚„ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฏพๆ•ฐ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€่™šๆ•ฐๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝ™ๅ„€
> ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ•ใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใฎไธ€ใคใ ใฃใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒ
> ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใŒใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚็ดๅพ—ใ„ใ‹ใšใ€็†่งฃใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
> ใฎใงใ€
> ใใ‚Œใ‚’็พ่ทใงๅฐ‚้–€ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๆ–นใฏใšใฃใจ
> ่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใซใšใฃใจ็›ฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใ€๏ผ“๏ผ็ง’ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ๅ†…ใซใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใƒŸใ‚น
> ใƒ—ใƒชใงใ™
> ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใ‚’ใใฎๅ ดใงๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
> ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ—ใฆใ€๏ผ’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚๏ผ“ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸ
> ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใซใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚“ใชใŠ็ฌ‘ใ„ใŒไบŒๅบฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅฎŸใฏ็ง‹ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆทฑใ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ ผ
ใ‚Šใซใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚

>>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใฏ๏ฝŒ๏ผไธญ๏ผ˜๏ผ๏ผ™ใฏใปใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๆ‚ชใฎๆžข

>>> ่ปธใ€็š„ใช
>>> ่กจ็พใฎๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>>>
>>> ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>>> ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‘ณๆฐ—ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>>
>>
>> ็งใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้™ๅ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€็‰นใซใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชž่ชžๆณ•ไบ‹ๅ…ธใ€้กžใฎ่‘—ไฝœใซๆœฌๅ ดใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฎ
> ใŽใ€
> ไธ–็•Œใ„ใก่ฉณใ—ใ„ๅฐ‚้–€ๆ›ธใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใชใใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซๆ–ญๅฎšใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„
> ใฎใ‹
> ใชใใ€ใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธๅฎ‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅ‹ขใ„ใง่งฃ่ชฌใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Š
> ใ—ใพใ™

ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใŒไธŠใง่กจ็พใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€Œ็ถฒ่†œใซๆ˜ ใ‚‹ใจใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€ใŒไปŠใใฎใพใพ
็งใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€€่ชญใ‚“ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใญใˆใใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ€‚

> ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ฝ“๏ฝŒ๏ฝŠใงใฏ็ ”็ฉถ็†ฑๅฟƒใชๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใŒใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใใ†
> ใ„ใฃใŸ
> ๆœ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ไบ‹้ …ใพใง็–‘ๅ•่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€ๆŠ•็จฟใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ‚‹
> ใ‚ˆใ†
> ใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใใ‹ใจๆ€ใˆใฐใใ‚“ใชใฎใœใ‚“ใœใ‚“็„ก่ฆ–ใงใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ
ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใฎๆคœ็ดข็ตๆžœใฎๆ•ฐใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹
ใ‚‰ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใ—ใ‚ใกใ‚…ใฎใ€‚ใ“ใฃใกใ‚‚็œŸ้ข็›ฎใซๅฟœใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใœใ€‚


> ใใ‚“ใชๆ–นใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three"ใ€€ใงใฏๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹

> ใฎใงใ€
> ๅ˜็ด”ใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใ€€ๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ€ๅฃ่ชฟใจใ—ใฆใ€๏ผธใซไปฃๅ…ฅ
> ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซๆ‹˜ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใญใ€‚
>
> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ไธŠใงใ€็™บใฃใ—ใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎใใฎใ€Œ้™ๅ‚ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ๏ผŸ
> ใใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆŽฒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅฝนไธ‰ๅฝนใ€ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚

ไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใจใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใซๅŒนๆ•ตใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่จณใงใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŒ™ใ’ใŸ the best three
ๅŠใณ the worst three ใฎไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐ
ใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใฏใ€€Three Stoogesใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใช๏ผŸ

http://images.google.com/images?q=three%20stooges&num=30&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 17, 2005, 5:04:38โ€ฏPM5/17/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
> I wrote:
>
>
>>I will examine with only nouns.
>
>
> Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
> but I guess some people are interested in it.

You did a lot of work. I for one find it interesting, and if I had to
write a seminar paper I might use it as seed.

Some I found particularly striking are


> ๅณ 27,600 10,200 37,800 27.0%

> ๅทฆ 24,500 9,150 33,650 27.2%,
more equal than one might hope for,
compared to


> ๅ— 11,800 8,540 20,340 42.0%
> ๆฑ 8,640 6,870 15,510 44.3%

and


> ๅŒ— 13,800 25,300 39,100 64.7%
> ่ฅฟ 10,600 25,600 36,200 70.7%

Also


> ๆœชๆฅ 13,400 8,170 21,570 37.9%

vs.


> ้ŽๅŽป 664 5,060 5,724 88.4%

And this strikes me as almost weird:


> ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%

Bart

muchan

unread,
May 18, 2005, 3:43:04โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to
Bart Mathias wrote:
> Hiroyuki wrote:
>
>>I wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>>I will examine with only nouns.
>>
>>
>>Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
>>but I guess some people are interested in it.
>
>
> You did a lot of work. I for one find it interesting, and if I had to
> write a seminar paper I might use it as seed.
>

a lot of work...but this search doesn't check if they are used with "iru/aru",
or "iku" or the kind of them, isn't it?

For a seminar paper, at least the persentage of "-ni iru/aru" and "-ni iku/mukau/etc"
among the number of "-ni" is needed to extract any meaning hypothesis, isn't it?


>
> And this strikes me as almost weird:
>
>>ๅฏๅฎค 793 2,090 2,883 72.5%
>

I think, this is because people talk less often about what/who "is" in the bedroom,
than goint "to" the bedroom...


muchan

Curt Fischer

unread,
May 18, 2005, 3:49:41โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to

Here's what Hiroyuki said in his original post:

> I searched usages of [noun]+ใซ่กŒใ and [noun]+
> ใธ่กŒใin the google database with fity four
> nouns popping into my head at random.
>
> Unexpectedly, the ratios of ใธ่กŒใ-usage spreaded
> over a wide range, from 0.00% (็›ดๅ‰ chokuzen) to
> 88.4% (้ŽๅŽป kako). Since contexts were ignored,
> each ratio must have a different bias caused by
> different frequencies of appearance of each word
> in various contexts.

I'm not sure how he did his Googling (i.e., did he search for "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒ
ใ" or ็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ or ็›ดๅ‰ใ€€ใธ่กŒใ, but he seems to have been aware of
the issue you mention.

--
Curt Fischer

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 18, 2005, 5:21:44โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to

Curt Fischer wrote:

> muchan wrote:
> > I think, this is because people talk less often about what/who "is" in
the bedroom,
> > than goint "to" the bedroom...
>
> Here's what Hiroyuki said in his original post:
>
> > I searched usages of [noun]+ใซ่กŒใ and [noun]+
> > ใธ่กŒใin the google database with fity four
> > nouns popping into my head at random.
> >
> > Unexpectedly, the ratios of ใธ่กŒใ-usage spreaded
> > over a wide range, from 0.00% (็›ดๅ‰ chokuzen) to
> > 88.4% (้ŽๅŽป kako). Since contexts were ignored,
> > each ratio must have a different bias caused by
> > different frequencies of appearance of each word
> > in various contexts.
>
> I'm not sure how he did his Googling (i.e., did he search for "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒ
> ใ" or ็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ or ็›ดๅ‰ใ€€ใธ่กŒใ, but he seems to have been aware of
> the issue you mention.

Every phrase that I used as a query was quoted like "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ",
but I have not yet understood the issue muchan mentioned, so
I cannot say anything about it.

Hiroyuki

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 18, 2005, 5:37:09โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to

I might have agreed with you before I searched google with ใธ่กŒใusage.
Now, it cannot be quite so simple. When you use ใธ instead of ใซ, you
might want just to euphemize it, but I know ๅฉ‰ๆ›ฒ่กจ็พ overlaps with what
you said.

Imagine this scene. You have a guest, and pointing to a seat you offer
to sit down with him. โ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใธใŠๅใ‚Šใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"

Or you would also say "ใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซใŠๅใ‚Šใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"

In both expressions where you want him to sit is clear. I think that ใธ
makes the imperative nuance reduced.

I was very surprised at so high frecquent usage of ๅฏๅฎคใธ่กŒใ compared
to ๅฏๅฎคใซ่กŒใ, but I began to think that they would say ๅฏๅฎคใธ่กŒใwhen
euphemizing ๅฏๅฎคใซ่กŒใ to exclude or hide sexual nuance.

Hiroyuki

muchan

unread,
May 18, 2005, 5:43:30โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
>>
>>I'm not sure how he did his Googling (i.e., did he search for "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒ
>>ใ" or ็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ or ็›ดๅ‰ใ€€ใธ่กŒใ, but he seems to have been aware of
>>the issue you mention.
>
>
> Every phrase that I used as a query was quoted like "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ",
> but I have not yet understood the issue muchan mentioned, so
> I cannot say anything about it.
>
> Hiroyuki
>

I read the message of Hiroyuki which Bart quoted.
That is, the one which started with
>: Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,


>: but I guess some people are interested in it.

>:
>: This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.


>: ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ ใ€€ ใซใ€€ ใธ total ใธ/total
>: ็›ดๅ‰ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%

>: (snip)
( ':' is added by me only to distinguish from the message I'm currently replying)

And from that, I didn't see that the search was done with "่กŒใ".
If so, then "the issue muchan mentioned" is non-existing...

I'm sorry.

As most of Google statistics, it may show some tendency of something, but if
we start to believe some noun should be used more with -ni than -e or vis versa,
it may loose the point. I believe -ni and -e have different meaning/nuance/implication
and people use/distinguishe them according to the context they are using them.


muchan


muchan

unread,
May 18, 2005, 6:29:30โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:
>>
>>
>>Here, it may not be "they don't know where" but also "they don't care where"
>>is the company.
>>
>>"Kaisha-ni iku" has a mental image of "arriving there", but "kaisha-e iku" has
>>just a mental image of "leaving home to (don't-care-where is) the company".
>
>>I wonder if Hiroyuki would agree with it as a NSoJ...
>
>
> I might have agreed with you before I searched google with ใธ่กŒใusage.
> Now, it cannot be quite so simple. When you use ใธ instead of ใซ, you
> might want just to euphemize it, but I know ๅฉ‰ๆ›ฒ่กจ็พ overlaps with what
> you said.
>
> Imagine this scene. You have a guest, and pointing to a seat you offer
> to sit down with him. โ€ใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใธใŠๅใ‚Šใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
>
> Or you would also say "ใฉใ†ใžใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซใŠๅใ‚Šใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚"
>
> In both expressions where you want him to sit is clear. I think that ใธ
> makes the imperative nuance reduced.
>

ๅฉ‰ๆ›ฒ่กจ็พ or "reduced imperative nuance" can fit with the explanation of
"-e = open-end" (vs "-ni pointed-direction").


muchan


B. Ito

unread,
May 18, 2005, 6:31:30โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:_9-dnXFHcf-...@comcast.com...
-------------------------------------------------------
๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผŽ๏ผ˜ใจใฏใ™ใ”ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€๏ผ™๏ผ”ใ‚‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚ใ€€๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒซ๏ผกใ€€ใ ใจใ„ใคใ‹ใฎ
ใƒใ‚นใƒˆใง่จ€ใฃใฆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

>
> ใพใŸใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ไบบๅคฉๆ‰ใŒใŠใ‚Šใพใ—
> ใฆใ€ๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ๏ผ’๏ผ•ๆญณใงใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใƒขใƒผใƒ„ใ‚ขใƒซใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไธ€ๅบฆ่žใ„ใŸใ‚‰
> ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ›ใšใซใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆๅ…จ้ƒจ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ็‚น๏ผใ€€ๆŽˆๆฅญไธญใฏใŠใจใชใ—ใใ€ๅฝผ
> ใฎๅฃฐใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใŸใ‚ใ—ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใฏ็งใฎใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใŒ็„กใใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
> ใชใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นๅ…จๅ“กใซใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’้€ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฟ…ใšใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใฎ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ“ใ—
> ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€ใจ็”ณใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€่‹ฅใ„ใฎใซใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใง
> ใ™ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณใฏ็ดฐใ‹ใ„ๆ‰€ใพใงใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็‰ฉ็†ใŒๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใชใ‚ใ€
> ใชใ‚“ใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไธŠใซใฏไธŠใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใญใ€‚
ใใ‚“ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใฏใชใ‹ใชใ‹่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใญใ€‚

ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ€Œใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅใŒใตใ•ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚


>
>> ใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚ŒใฏไธŠๆ‰‹ใช่ฉฑใ—ๆ–นใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œ่ฝใกใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใจๅฟƒๅพ—ใฆใญใ€‚
>> ใใฎใƒใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใŒๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ€ใ€Œใชใซใ‚’ใ“ใ„ใคใˆใ‚ใใ†ใชใ“ใจใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Š่จ€ใฃใฆ๏ผˆใ„๏ผ‰ใ‚„
>> ใŒใ‚‹ใ€
>> ใจใชใฃใฆ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆ–นใŒใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฑ้™บๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰
>>
>> ใญใ€‚
>>
>> ใ€Œๆœจ็™ปใ‚Šใ‚’ใ•ใ›ใ‚Œใฐใ€ไฟบใฎๅณใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ„ใชใ ใ‚ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใใฎ่ถณใงใ€
>> ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใŸใพใซใฏ่ฝใกใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ…ทๅˆใซใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ†ใใ†๏ผใ€€ใใฎ้€šใ‚Š๏ผใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไธ–็•Œใ€็‰นใซใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใงใฏใใ†ใ—ใกใ‚ƒใ„ใ‘
> ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใช้ขจๆฝฎใŒใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ใใฃใ“ใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใƒผใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใœ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
ใ ใพใฃใจใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใพใซๆ•™ไผšใง ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰"confess"
ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚

>
>>>> ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็”ณๅ‘Šๅ†…ๅฎนใ‚’ๅ†…ๅฟƒใฏใฉใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็ด ็›ดใซไผบใ„่‡ชๅˆ†ใชใ‚Šใซๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใ€
>>>> ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒใใ‚“ใชใจใใฎๅฏพๅ‡ฆๆ–นใจใ—ใฆๅฝนใซ็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ๅญฆใณๅ–ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“
>>>> ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
>>>
>>>
>>> ใ‚ใ‚ใƒผใ€็„ก็†็„ก็†๏ผใ€€็‰นใซ็ฑณๅ›ฝๅ‡บ่บซไบบใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ใฎไบบ้”้ ญ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‘
>>> ใฉใ€ใƒใ‚ซใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ€‚
>>
>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ“ใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€็งใฎ
>> ็ถฒ่†œใซๆ˜ ใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใใ‚ŒใŒใƒˆใƒผใ‚ญใƒผใจใชใฃใฆใใ็งใฎ่€ณใฎ้ผ“่†œใ‚’ๅˆบๆฟ€ใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>>
>>
>> ไป–ใฎๆŠ•็จฟใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ‘ใƒฉใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใฏ็‰นใซใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใคใ„็งใ‚‚ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒณใ‚’
>>
>> ไฝ•ๅๅ›ž็›ฎใ‹ใฎๆ„Ÿๆฟ€ใฎใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€‚
>
> ใใ†ใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚‹ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใƒžใ‚คใƒณใƒ‰ใงๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใฏใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™
> ใญใ€‚ใ•ใ™ใŒใซไธ–็•Œไธญใ‚’้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใฎใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒซใฎๅบƒใ•ใจๆŸ”่ปŸใ•ใฏ็พจใพใ—ใ„้™
> ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใชใฎใซใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚็งใฎๆ„š็—ดใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
>
>> ใใ†ใ€้ป™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ไบบใฏใฟใช่ณขใใฟใˆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎๆ™‚ใฎใ€Œ็›ฎใคใใ€๏ผˆใจใ„ใˆ
>> ใฐๆ‚ชใ„
>> ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใฒใณใใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ–ใ—ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œใพใชใ“ใ€ใ‹ใชใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ‹ใชใ€่ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใซ
>>
>> ใ€Œ็›ฎใฎ่กจๆƒ…ใ€ใงใ™ใญ๏ผ‰ใ€€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚
>
> ่ฆ–็ทšใญใ€ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใจใ‹ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ใ‚ใ‚๏ผˆใŸใ‚ๆฏ๏ผ‰ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚€ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‹ใกใƒผใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ
> ใงใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจๅคฑ็คผใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚้ซ˜ๆ ก็”Ÿใฎๆ™‚ใชใ‚“ใ‹็›ฎใŒๅˆใฃใฆไธŠ็ดš็”Ÿใซๅ‘ผๅ‡บ
> ใใฃใŸใชใ‚“ใฆใ“ใจใ‚ใฃใŸใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„๏ผŸใ€€ใงใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใฏใ€่ฉฑใ™ๆ™‚ใฏ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ
> ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒ็คผๅ„€ใ€‚ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚จใƒณใ‚นใฎไธ€ไบบไธ€ไบบใจใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ—ใชใ•
> ใ„ใจๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎๅฐ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใใ†ใ ใใ†ใ ใ€็›ฎใฎ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€็ขบใ‹ใซ
ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใ‚คใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใญใ€‚ใ€€็›ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใซ
ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

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>
>> ๆˆฆไบ‰ใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ•ตใ‚‚้ป™ใฃใฆใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅฟ…่ฆไปฅไธŠใซๆ€–ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œใƒคใƒผใƒคใƒผ
>>
>> ใจใ„ใฃใฆๆญฆๅ™จใ‚‚ไธธๅ‡บใ—ใงๆ”ปใ‚ใฆใใ‚‹ๆ•ตใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใใ†ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ ใ‘ใงใ€ไธ€็›ฎ็žญ็„ถ
>>
>> ใใฎๆ•ตใฎๅŠ›้‡ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
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> ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใฎใซ้™ใฃใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‰ใŒๅผทใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸใ€€
> ใ€€
>> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฏๆœ€่ฟ‘ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ็คพไผšไบบๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎๅญฆไฝ
>> ไฟฎๅพ—ใ€
>> ใจใ‹ใ€ๅฐ‚้–€่ทใฎใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ปใƒณใ‚นไฟฎๅพ—ใฎ่ฌ›ๅบงใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚ใ€€
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> ใฏใ„ใ€ใšใฃใจๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
็ขบใ‹ใซไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ๅคงใ„ใซๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ€็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใฏใชใ‚“ใฎใฟใกใซใŠใ„ใฆใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ“ใ—
ใฅใคใงใ‚‚้€ฒๆญฉใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚

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>> ็งใ‚‚ไธ€็ดšใ‚ขใƒžใƒใƒฅใ‚ข็„ก็ทš้€šไฟกๅฃซใฎๅ›ฝๅฎถ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ—ใŸใจใใซใฏ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฎๆŠ•็จฟ
>> ใซใ‚ˆใๅ‡บใฆใใŸ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใ‚„ใ‚‰ใใ‚Œใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๅฏพๆ•ฐ่จˆ็ฎ—ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€่™šๆ•ฐๆ‰ฑใ„ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝ™ๅ„€
>> ใชใๅพฉ่ฎใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎ้›ฃใ—ใ•ใ‚‚ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใฎไธ€ใคใ ใฃใŸ่จ˜ๆ†ถใŒ
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>> ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใŒใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚็ดๅพ—ใ„ใ‹ใšใ€็†่งฃใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
>> ใฎใงใ€
>> ใใ‚Œใ‚’็พ่ทใงๅฐ‚้–€ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซๆŒใฃใฆ่กŒใ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใฎๆ–นใฏใšใฃใจ
>> ่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใซใšใฃใจ็›ฎใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใจใ€๏ผ“๏ผ็ง’ใ‚‚ใ—ใชใ„ๅ†…ใซใ€Œใ‚ใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใƒŸใ‚น
>> ใƒ—ใƒชใงใ™
>> ใญใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆๆญฃใ—ใ„่จˆ็ฎ—ๅผใ‚’ใใฎๅ ดใงๆ›ธใๅ‡บใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
>> ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใใฎใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ—ใฆใ€๏ผ’ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚๏ผ“ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚็„ก้ง„ใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใŸ
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>> ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใซใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚“ใชใŠ็ฌ‘ใ„ใŒไบŒๅบฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
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> ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใ‚‚้ ‘ๅผตใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅฎŸใฏ็ง‹ใซใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจๆทฑใ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€้ ผ
> ใ‚Šใซใ—ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ„ใˆใ“ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใฏ็งใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅค–ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅ…Žใซ่ง’ๅˆๆ ผใƒฌใƒดใ‚งใƒซ็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ
ๅ‹‰ๅผท็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฟใŸใ„ใซใ€๏ผกใ‚ขใƒดใ‚งใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใฏใชใ‹ใชใ‹ๅ–ใฃใŸ

ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€่‡ชๅทฑ่ฉ•ไพก๏ผ˜๏ผ•๏ผ๏ผ™๏ผ็‚นใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใƒ‘ใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ๅฐ‚้–€ๅค–ๅˆ†้‡Ž

ใชใฎใงใ€ๅˆ็ดšใฎ๏ผ”็ดšใ€๏ผ“็ดšใ€๏ผ’็ดšใ€๏ผ‘็ดšใจ็€ๅฎŸใซ่จˆ็”ปใฉใŠใ‚Šใ›ใ‚Šใ‚ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚


>
>>>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใฏ๏ฝŒ๏ผไธญ๏ผ˜๏ผ๏ผ™ใฏใปใ‚่จ€่‘‰ใซไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๆ‚ชใฎๆžข
>>>> ่ปธใ€็š„ใช
>>>> ่กจ็พใฎๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€Œไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>>>>
>>>> ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three" (The Worst Three) ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>>>> ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅ‘ณๆฐ—ใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>>>
>>>
>>> ็งใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏ้™ๅ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
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>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎๆ›ธใ„ใŸ่‹ฑ่ชžๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€็‰นใซใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชž่ชžๆณ•ไบ‹ๅ…ธใ€้กžใฎ่‘—ไฝœใซๆœฌๅ ดใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฎ
>> ใŽใ€
>> ไธ–็•Œใ„ใก่ฉณใ—ใ„ๅฐ‚้–€ๆ›ธใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใชใใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซๆ–ญๅฎšใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„
>> ใฎใ‹
>> ใชใใ€ใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจไธๅฎ‰ใซใชใ‚‹ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅ‹ขใ„ใง่งฃ่ชฌใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Š
>> ใ—ใพใ™
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> ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใŒไธŠใง่กจ็พใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใ€Œ็ถฒ่†œใซๆ˜ ใ‚‹ใจใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€ใŒไปŠใใฎใพใพ
> ็งใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€€่ชญใ‚“ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใญใˆใใฎ่พžๆ›ธใ€‚
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>> ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ฝ“๏ฝŒ๏ฝŠใงใฏ็ ”็ฉถ็†ฑๅฟƒใชๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบใŒใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใใ†
>> ใ„ใฃใŸ
>> ๆœ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ไบ‹้ …ใพใง็–‘ๅ•่ฆ–ใ•ใ‚Œใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใ€ๆŠ•็จฟใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใ‚‹
>> ใ‚ˆใ†
>> ใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใงใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใใ‹ใจๆ€ใˆใฐใใ‚“ใชใฎใœใ‚“ใœใ‚“็„ก่ฆ–ใงใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ
> ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใฎๆคœ็ดข็ตๆžœใฎๆ•ฐใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹
> ใ‚‰ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใ—ใ‚ใกใ‚…ใฎใ€‚ใ“ใฃใกใ‚‚็œŸ้ข็›ฎใซๅฟœใˆใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚„ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใœใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใฎๆคœ็ดข็ตๆžœใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“็ตถๅฏพใชใ‚‹ไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๅฏ„ใ›ใฆใฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ไพ‹ใˆใฐ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใงใ”ใœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ”ใœใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€

ใจใ‹่จ€ใฃใŸ/ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๅ‡บใฆใใŸ
ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚


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>
>> ใใ‚“ใชๆ–นใŒๅข—ใˆใฆใใ‚‹ใจใ€"The Best Three"ใ€€ใงใฏๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใŒ้™ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใใ‚‹
>> ใฎใงใ€
>> ๅ˜็ด”ใซ "The Top X" (X=number)ใ€€ๅผใฎ่กจ็พใ‚’็”จใ„ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ€ๅฃ่ชฟใจใ—ใฆใ€๏ผธใซไปฃๅ…ฅ
>>
>> ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใซๆ‹˜ใ‚‰ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใญใ€‚
>>
>> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ไธŠใงใ€็™บใฃใ—ใŸใ‚ใชใŸใฎใใฎใ€Œ้™ๅ‚ใ€ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ๏ผŸ
>> ใใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆŽฒใ’ใ‚‹ใ€Œๆ‚ชๅฝนไธ‰ๅฝนใ€ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใญใ€‚
>
> ไธ‰็พฝ็ƒใจใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใซๅŒนๆ•ตใ™ใ‚‹่‹ฑ่จณใงใ‚คใƒˆใ‚ฆใ•ใ‚“ใฎๆŒ™ใ’ใŸ the best three
> ๅŠใณ the worst three ใฎไป–ใฎ่กจ็พใŒ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใ‚“ใฐ
> ใ‹ใจใ‚ŠใŠใฏใ€€Three Stoogesใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใช๏ผŸ
>
> http://images.google.com/images?q=three%20stooges&num=30&hl=en&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi
>

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
stooge ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฏๅˆใ‚ใฆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใญใ€‚่‹ฑ่ชžๅœใงใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใƒˆใƒชใ‚ชใŸใกใŒใ€
ใ€ŒThree Stoogesใ€ใ€€๏ผˆ๏ผ“ไบบใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“๏ผ‰ใจใ—ใฆไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใใ†ใใ†ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚
ใŠใใ‚‰ใ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎcombination ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ€Ÿ็”จใ—ใŸใ‚ซใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒŠๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ
ใ€€

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 18, 2005, 8:17:21โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to
muchan wrote:

> As most of Google statistics, it may show some tendency of something, but
if
> we start to believe some noun should be used more with -ni than -e or vis
versa,
> it may loose the point. I believe -ni and -e have different
meaning/nuance/implication
> and people use/distinguishe them according to the context they are using
them.

Exactly.

Hiroyuki

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 18, 2005, 10:04:40โ€ฏAM5/18/05
to
muchan wrote:

> ๅฉ‰ๆ›ฒ่กจ็พ or "reduced imperative nuance" can fit with the explanation of
> "-e = open-end" (vs "-ni pointed-direction").

Yes.
Like "ๅ„ฒใ‘ใฎใปใ†ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ" instead of "ๅ„ฒใ‘ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ"
As you know, ใปใ† means direction and you often use it to make
your expressions softer or .vague.

Hiroyuki

Cindy

unread,
May 18, 2005, 12:57:14โ€ฏPM5/18/05
to
B. Ito wrote:

> ๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผŽ๏ผ˜ใจใฏใ™ใ”ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€๏ผ™๏ผ”ใ‚‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€‚ใ€€๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใ‚‚ใ‚ชใƒผใƒซ๏ผกใ€€ใ ใจใ„ใค
> ใ‹ใฎ
> ใƒใ‚นใƒˆใง่จ€ใฃใฆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

ใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใงใ™ใญใ€ไปŠๅ›žๅˆใ‚ใฆๅฎŸ็ฟ’ใงBๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ„ใ‚
ใใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใฆใญใ€‚่ฉฑใ™ใจ้•ทใใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€Bๅˆๅ–ๅพ—ใฎ่จ˜ๅฟตใซ่ฉฑใ—ใกใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

็งใฎๅฎŸ็ฟ’ใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณ
ใซใคใ„ใฆใฏๅ…ˆ่ผฉ้”ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ™‚ใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ๅ’ๆฅญ็”Ÿใซใฏ่ฉ•ๅˆคใŒๅฅฝใ„ใ€‚ๅœจๆ ก
็”Ÿใฎๅ…ˆ่ผฉ้”ใ€็‰นใซๆˆ็ธพใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๅŠชๅŠ›ๅฎถใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ใฃใŸใใใซใ“ใใŠใ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•่€…ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸ

ใพใ ใพใ ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅˆคๆ–ญใฏใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใ‘ใ‚Œใฉใ€ไปŠใฎๆ‰€ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒปใƒปใƒป

ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”ŸใฏAใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ๅญฆ็”ŸใซใฏAใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚

ใƒปใƒปใƒปใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใŠใ„ใฆใŠใ„ใฆใ€‚

ใ•ใฆใ€็งใฎๅฎŸ็ฟ’ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏ็งใฎ็‚นๆ•ฐใ‚’่จˆ็ฎ—ใ—ใฆๅˆ่จˆ็‚นใจใ‚ขใƒซ
ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆˆ็ธพใ‚’ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใจ็”จ็ด™ใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒ™ใƒƒใƒˆใฎใƒฌใ‚ฟใƒผใฏAใ ใฃ
ใŸใ€‚็ดๅพ—ใ—ใฆๅธฐๅฎ…ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใ‹ใ‚‰็งใซ้›ปๅญใƒกใƒผใƒซใŒๆฅใฆใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ้–“้•
ใ„ใ‚’่ตฆใ—ใฆไธ‹ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏBใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ็งใฎใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใซใ„ใ‚‰ใฃ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใฃใฆใ€ใชใœBใชใฎใ‹่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒ่ฟฐในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่ตทใ—ใฆไธ€
ๆ™ฉใ™ใ”ใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใƒกใƒฉใƒ‹ใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฝ็ฌฌใ—ใŸใ‚ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ™ใๅ›žๅพฉใ—ใ€ใ€Œๆœ€
ๅˆใ‚ทใƒงใƒƒใ‚ฏใ ใฃใŸใŒใ€Bใฏๆ‚ชใ„ๆˆ็ธพใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€ใจ่ฟ”ไบ‹ใ‚’้€ใฃใŸใ€‚็›ดใใซ
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใฎ่ฟ”็ญ”ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚

ไปฒ่‰ฏใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ…ˆ่ผฉใซๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠใพใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฉณใ—ใ
่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚ straight-A student ใ ใฃใŸใŒใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‹ใ‚‰
Bใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใฆๆ€’ใ‚Š็‹‚ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใซ้›†ไธญใงใใชใใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚‚B
ๅ–ใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใฎไธญใซใฏไธๆบ€ใง Dean ๏ผˆๅญฆ้ƒจ้•ท๏ผŸ๏ผ‰ใพ
ใง่‹ฆๆƒ…ใ‚’้€ใฃใŸ่€…ใ‚‚ใ„ใŸใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚ไธญใซใฏๅผ่ญทๅฃซใ‚’้›‡ใฃใŸใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใƒกใƒผใƒˆใ‚‚ใ„ใŸใจใ‹
ใ„ใชใ„ใจใ‹ใƒปใƒปใƒป

ๅ…ˆ่ผฉใฏใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซBใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ‚“ใช้ขจใซๅๅฟœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹่ฆ‹ใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ€‚
ใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใ‚นใ—ใŸใฎใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€

ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€Straight-A student ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚‚็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใš
็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใšใซๆ€ใ„ไธŠใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸๆใ‚ใ—ใ„่‡ชไฟกใ‚’
ใผใ‚ใผใ‚ใซใถใกๅฃŠใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹็จ€ใชๆ•™ๅธซใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

ๅ…ˆ่ผฉใจ็งใฏใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใซใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใ€ŒBใ€ใฏใ€€"Better than A" ใจใ—ใฆไบŒไบบใงๅ‹
ๆ‰‹ใซ็ดๅพ—ใ€‚


> ใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไธŠใซใฏไธŠใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใญใ€‚
> ใใ‚“ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใฏใชใ‹ใชใ‹่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใญใ€‚

ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ‚‚ใพใ ใพใ ๆจใฆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ€€็ซ‹ๆดพใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚


> ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ€Œใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅใŒใตใ•ใ‚
> ใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚

ๅŠฉๆ‰‹ใญใ€‚็งใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ“ใฎใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ŒใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใจๅพ…ใกๆง‹ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ
ๅŒป่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆใ€‚


> ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใœ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
> ใ ใพใฃใจใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใพใซๆ•™ไผšใง ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰"confess"
> ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚

่‡ชๆ…ขใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚ใใ—
ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚นใƒˆใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ใคใฎๆ•‘ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ ใฃใฆใ“ใจใ€‚


> ใใ†ใ ใใ†ใ ใ€็›ฎใฎ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€็ขบใ‹ใซ
> ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใ‚คใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใญใ€‚ใ€€็›ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใซ
> ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚


> ใ„ใˆใ“ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใฏ็งใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅค–ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅ…Žใซ่ง’ๅˆๆ ผใƒฌใƒดใ‚งใƒซ็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ
> ๅ‹‰ๅผท็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฟใŸใ„ใซใ€๏ผกใ‚ขใƒดใ‚งใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใฏใชใ‹ใช
> ใ‹ๅ–ใฃใŸ
> ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€่‡ชๅทฑ่ฉ•ไพก๏ผ˜๏ผ•๏ผ๏ผ™๏ผ็‚นใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใƒ‘ใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ๅฐ‚้–€
> ๅค–ๅˆ†้‡Ž
> ใชใฎใงใ€ๅˆ็ดšใฎ๏ผ”็ดšใ€๏ผ“็ดšใ€๏ผ’็ดšใ€๏ผ‘็ดšใจ็€ๅฎŸใซ่จˆ็”ปใฉใŠใ‚Šใ›ใ‚Šใ‚ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพ
> ใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

่จˆ็”ปใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅคขใŒๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็ง‹ใฎ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ‚ฐ
ใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใŸใฎใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚


> ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใฎๆคœ็ดข็ตๆžœใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“็ตถๅฏพใชใ‚‹ไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๅฏ„ใ›ใฆใฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
> ไพ‹ใˆใฐ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใงใ”ใœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ”ใœใ‚Šใพ
> ใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
> ใจใ‹่จ€ใฃใŸ/ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๅ‡บใฆใใŸ
> ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚

ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใ ใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌไบบใŒ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—่ปฝใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃ
ใŸใฎใŒ๏ผ‘๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผๅนดไปฅ้™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚ใ€€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚

B. Ito

unread,
May 19, 2005, 10:08:22โ€ฏAM5/19/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:wsadnRXYbvp...@comcast.com...
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅญฆ็”Ÿๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซๆˆปใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚

ใ‚ˆใๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ๅ›ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚‚ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฟใ‚ทใฎๅๅ‰ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใใ‚Œใ“ใใ‚ฐใƒญ๏ผˆใƒผ๏ผ‰ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚นใชใŠ๏ผˆใ‚“๏ผ‰ๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณ
ใฏใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจไผธใฐใ™ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ๆ•™ไผšใฎchoirใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ ใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€€่ณ›็พŽๆญŒใซใฏใ‚ˆใใ€
ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚


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>> ใตใƒผใ‚“ใ€ไธŠใซใฏไธŠใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใญใ€‚
>> ใใ‚“ใชๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€ใฏใชใ‹ใชใ‹่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใญใ€‚
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> ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ‚‚ใพใ ใพใ ๆจใฆใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ€€็ซ‹ๆดพใชไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
>

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใใ†ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€€ใ”ไธปไบบไปฅๅค–ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใ‚’ใใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใปใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†

ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚

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>> ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใ€ๅฝผใซใฏใ€Œใƒœใ‚นใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅใŒใตใ•ใ‚
>> ใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚
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> ๅŠฉๆ‰‹ใญใ€‚็งใ‚‚ใ„ใคใ“ใฎใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ŒใŒ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใชใจๅพ…ใกๆง‹ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ๅฝผใฏๅฐ†ๆฅ
> ๅŒป่€…ใซใชใ‚‹ใฃใฆใ€‚
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>> ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‚ชใ„ใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใ€ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใœ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
>> ใ ใพใฃใจใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใพใซๆ•™ไผšใง ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅฐใ•ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰"confess"
>> ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ„ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚
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> ่‡ชๆ…ขใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚ใใ—
> ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚นใƒˆใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
> ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ใคใฎๆ•‘ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ ใฃใฆใ“ใจใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใชใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚
ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผ”ๆ–‡ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชžใ€ใ€Œไธ€ๆŒ™ไธกๅพ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใ‹ใชใ€‚ใ€Œไธ€็ŸณไบŒ้ณฅใ€ใ‚‚ใใ†ใ ใ—ใญใ€‚

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>> ใใ†ใ ใใ†ใ ใ€็›ฎใฎ่ฆ–็ทšใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ฏใƒˆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€็ขบใ‹ใซ
>> ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใ‚คใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฃใฆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใญใ€‚ใ€€็›ฎใฏๅฃใปใฉใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ใใ‚ŒไปฅไธŠใซ
>> ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชžใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
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> ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚
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>> ใ„ใˆใ“ใฎๅˆ†้‡Žใฏ็งใฎๅฐ‚้–€ๅค–ใ ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ๅ…Žใซ่ง’ๅˆๆ ผใƒฌใƒดใ‚งใƒซ็›ฎๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ
>> ๅ‹‰ๅผท็Ÿญๆ™‚้–“ใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใฟใŸใ„ใซใ€๏ผกใ‚ขใƒดใ‚งใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ธใฏใชใ‹ใช
>> ใ‹ๅ–ใฃใŸ
>> ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€่‡ชๅทฑ่ฉ•ไพก๏ผ˜๏ผ•๏ผ๏ผ™๏ผ็‚นใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใƒ‘ใ‚นใ ใฃใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ๅฐ‚้–€
>> ๅค–ๅˆ†้‡Ž
>> ใชใฎใงใ€ๅˆ็ดšใฎ๏ผ”็ดšใ€๏ผ“็ดšใ€๏ผ’็ดšใ€๏ผ‘็ดšใจ็€ๅฎŸใซ่จˆ็”ปใฉใŠใ‚Šใ›ใ‚Šใ‚ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพ
>> ใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
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> ่จˆ็”ปใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆˆใ—้‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅคขใŒๅฎŸ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
> ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€็ง‹ใฎ้›ปๆฐ—ๅทฅๅญฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฎใ‚คใƒณใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚ฏใ‚ฟใƒผใฏใ‚ฐ
> ใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠใŸใฎใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
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>> ใ‚ฐใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซใฎๆคœ็ดข็ตๆžœใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“็ตถๅฏพใชใ‚‹ไฟก้ ผใ‚’ๅฏ„ใ›ใฆใฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>> ไพ‹ใˆใฐ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใงใ”ใœใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ”ใœใ‚Šใพ
>> ใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
>> ใจใ‹่จ€ใฃใŸ/ๆ–‡ๅญ—ใซใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ซใ‚ฆใƒณใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎๅ‡บใฆใใŸ
>>
>> ใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฏๆใ‚ใ—ใใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
>
> ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใ ใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌไบบใŒ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—่ปฝใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃ
> ใŸใฎใŒ๏ผ‘๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผๅนดไปฅ้™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚ใ€€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚‚ๅคšใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๆ‰‹ใซ่ฒ ใˆใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๆฒขๅฑฑๅŽ้›†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใซๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใ„ใจ

ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใ„ใ—ใญใ€‚ใ€€

ไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ“็‰ฉใ‚‚ๅคšใใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€
่ด…ๆฒขใ ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ๅคงไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใฆๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใ™ใๅ‡บใฆใ“ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ

ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅ ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ

Cindy

unread,
May 19, 2005, 11:58:53โ€ฏAM5/19/05
to
B. Ito wrote:

> ใใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅญฆ็”Ÿๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซๆˆปใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚

ใฏใฏใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœฌไบบใฏๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใฎๅ›šไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚

> ใ‚ˆใๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ๅ›ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚‚ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฟใ‚ท
> ใฎๅๅ‰ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
> ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€

ใฏใ„ใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅญฆใฎๅฅณ็Ž‹ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณ๏ผˆใ“ใฎใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผ‰


>ใใ‚Œใ“ใใ‚ฐใƒญ๏ผˆใƒผ๏ผ‰ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚นใชใŠ๏ผˆใ‚“๏ผ‰ๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ
> ้š›ใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณ
> ใฏใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจไผธใฐใ™ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ไปฅๅค–ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ‚‚ใ—ใฃ
ใ‹ใ‚Š้€šใ˜ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚


> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ๆ•™ไผšใฎchoirใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ ใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€€่ณ›็พŽๆญŒใซใฏใ‚ˆใใ€
> ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใƒผใ€ไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๆญŒใ†็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰
ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚


>> ่‡ชๆ…ขใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚ใใ—
>> ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚นใƒˆใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
>> ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ใคใฎๆ•‘ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ ใฃใฆใ“ใจใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใชใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใจใฃ
> ใฆใ‚‚
> ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผ”ๆ–‡ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชžใ€ใ€Œไธ€ๆŒ™ไธกๅพ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใ‹ใชใ€‚ใ€Œไธ€็ŸณไบŒ้ณฅใ€ใ‚‚ใใ†ใ ใ—ใญใ€‚

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฐใธใ‚“ใฆใ“ใ‚Šใ‚“ใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใไบบใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใฏใจใŸ
ใ‚“ใซๅ‰ใใ†ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใฟใŸใ„ใซๅค‰่บซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€
่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใŸ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚


>> ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใ ใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌไบบใŒ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—่ปฝใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃ
>> ใŸใฎใŒ๏ผ‘๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผๅนดไปฅ้™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚ใ€€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚‚ๅคšใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๆ‰‹ใซ่ฒ ใˆใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๆฒขๅฑฑๅŽ้›†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใซๅ‡บใฆใ“
> ใชใ„ใจ
> ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใ„ใ—ใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใ€ใŸใพใซไพฟๅˆฉใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ไธไพฟใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€่ฉณใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๅคšใ™
ใŽใฆใ€‚
ใ€€

> ไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ“็‰ฉใ‚‚ๅคšใใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
> ใญใ€‚ใ€€
> ่ด…ๆฒขใ ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ๅคงไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใฆๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใ™ใๅ‡บใฆใ“
> ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
> ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅ ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ดˆใ‚Š็‰ฉใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ™่จˆใ‚„ใฃใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 19, 2005, 8:19:00โ€ฏPM5/19/05
to
muchan wrote:
> Hiroyuki wrote:
>
>>[...]

>>Every phrase that I used as a query was quoted like "็›ดๅ‰ใธ่กŒใ",
>>but I have not yet understood the issue muchan mentioned, so
>>I cannot say anything about it.

> [...]


>
> I read the message of Hiroyuki which Bart quoted.
> That is, the one which started with
>
>>: Sorry, maybe this is meaningless to many people,
>>: but I guess some people are interested in it.
>>:
>>: This is a list of <noun>+ใซ/ใธ usage.
>>: ใ€€ใ€€ใ€€ ใ€€ ใซใ€€ ใธ total ใธ/total
>>: ็›ดๅ‰ 2,700 0 2,700 0.0%

>>[...]

ใƒกใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒซใƒ‘๏ผ Sorry, I should have noticed that there wasn't a ่กŒใ in
the part I quoted and added it.

Bart

B. Ito

unread,
May 19, 2005, 11:57:57โ€ฏPM5/19/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:6JSdnRHY0s8...@comcast.com...

> B. Ito wrote:
>
>> ใใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๅญฆ็”Ÿๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซๆˆปใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใญใ€‚
>
> ใฏใฏใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœฌไบบใฏๅˆ‘ๅ‹™ๆ‰€ใฎๅ›šไบบใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚
>
>> ใ‚ˆใๅ‡บๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ทใƒฅใ€ๅ›ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ‚‚ใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฟใ‚ท
>> ใฎๅๅ‰ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
>> ใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€
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> ใฏใ„ใ€็‰ฉ็†ๅญฆใฎๅฅณ็Ž‹ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใƒณ๏ผˆใ“ใฎใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Œใฏใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใงใ‚„ใฃใŸใ€‚ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆ
> ใ‚Šใ€ๅฝ“็„ถใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผ‰
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>>ใใ‚Œใ“ใใ‚ฐใƒญ๏ผˆใƒผ๏ผ‰ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚นใชใŠ๏ผˆใ‚“๏ผ‰ๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ—ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€ๅฎŸ
>> ้š›ใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณ
>> ใฏใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจไผธใฐใ™ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
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> ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็”Ÿๅพ’ไปฅๅค–ใฏใฟใ‚“ใชใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ‚‚ใ—ใฃ
> ใ‹ใ‚Š้€šใ˜ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚
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>> ๏ผฃ๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ„๏ฝ™ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€ๆ•™ไผšใฎchoirใฎใƒกใƒณใƒใƒผใ ใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€€่ณ›็พŽๆญŒใซใฏใ‚ˆใใ€
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>> ใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใ€ใ‚’ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
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> ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใƒผใ€ไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๆญŒใ†็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰
> ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใฏ้ ป็นใซใ€Œๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใ€(context)ใ€€ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใŒ
ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใฎไป–ๅ›ฝ่จ€่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ
้”ใ—ใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใซใ‚‚ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€

ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ‚‰ ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€

ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใใฎๅฆ‚ไฝ•ใซๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใญใ€‚

choirใ€€ใฎ่ฉฑใŒใงใŸใจใ“ใชใฎใงใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจใฏ้•ใฃใฆๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๆ•™ไผšๆดปๅ‹•ใฏ็คพไผš็š„ใซๅฟ…่ฆ
ๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ็ฒพใ‚’ใคใŽ่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ณ›็พŽๆญŒ็š„ใชใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผ
ใƒชใƒผใฏๅฝ“ๅˆ†ใŠ้ ใ‘ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

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>>> ่‡ชๆ…ขใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใƒณใ‚ซใƒซใƒใƒฃใƒผใƒปใƒปใƒปใ€€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚ใใ—
>>> ใฆใ€ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซไบบใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒขใƒ‡ใ‚นใƒˆใชใ‚นใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒซใซใฏไธ€็”Ÿ้ฆดๆŸ“ใ‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚
>>> ใงใ‚‚ใ€ไธ€ใคใฎๆ•‘ใ„ใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ ใฃใฆใ“ใจใ€‚
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>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ใ†ใ‚“ใ€ใ“ใฎ๏ผฎ๏ผงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใงใ‚‚ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผทใซใชใ‚‹ใ—ใ€ใจใฃ
>> ใฆใ‚‚
>> ใ„ใ„ใญใ€‚ใ€€๏ผ”ๆ–‡ๅญ—็†Ÿ่ชžใ€ใ€Œไธ€ๆŒ™ไธกๅพ—ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใ‹ใชใ€‚ใ€Œไธ€็ŸณไบŒ้ณฅใ€ใ‚‚ใใ†ใ ใ—ใญใ€‚
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> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฐใธใ‚“ใฆใ“ใ‚Šใ‚“ใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใไบบใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใฏใจใŸ
> ใ‚“ใซๅ‰ใใ†ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใฟใŸใ„ใซๅค‰่บซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€
> ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใŸ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใถใ‚“ใซใฏใพใ ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸใ€Œๆ€งๅˆ†ใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใชใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใชใใ€nature,
disposition ใ€ใใ‚Œใจ
่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€€grainใ€€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใคใ‹ใˆใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

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>>> ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒใƒƒใƒˆใŒๆ™ฎๅŠใ—ใ ใ—ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌไบบใŒ็พๅœจใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆฐ—่ปฝใซไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใฃ
>>> ใŸใฎใŒ๏ผ‘๏ผ™๏ผ™๏ผๅนดไปฅ้™ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ€‚ใ€€ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
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>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚‚ๅคšใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๆ‰‹ใซ่ฒ ใˆใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๆฒขๅฑฑๅŽ้›†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใซๅ‡บใฆใ“
>> ใชใ„ใจ
>> ๆ„ๅ‘ณใชใ„ใ—ใญใ€‚
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> ใใ†ใ€ใŸใพใซไพฟๅˆฉใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ไธไพฟใชใ‚“ใ ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€่ฉณใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ€ๅคšใ™
> ใŽใฆใ€‚
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>> ไพฟๅˆฉใชๅ“็‰ฉใ‚‚ๅคšใใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ใ‹ใˆใฃใฆไธไพฟใซใชใฃใŸใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
>> ใญใ€‚ใ€€
>> ่ด…ๆฒขใ ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ๅคงไบ‹ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใฆๅฟ…่ฆใชใจใใ™ใๅ‡บใฆใ“
>> ใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
>> ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฟ็ฎกๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅ ๆœ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใจๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
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> ใใ‚ŒใŒ่ดˆใ‚Š็‰ฉใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ไฝ™่จˆใ‚„ใฃใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ“ใ‚ใฃใจๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ’ๅนดใปใฉๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸๅพกๆฎฟใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–ฐ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ

ใใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„็•ช็ต„ใŒ้€ฃ็ถšใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใฎใชใ‹ใง
็”Ÿๆดปใ—ใฆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€Œใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒ
่‚ฒใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็Ÿ›็›พใฎใชใ‹ใซใฉใฃใทใ‚Šใคใ‹ใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚


ใใ“ใˆใใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใจใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใพใซใ€ใ€Œๆ•™้คŠใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒใƒผใ€ใŒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ—ใŸใ‚Š
ใ—ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œๅคšใ™ใŽใฆๅ›ฐใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใพใšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๅ“็‰ฉใงใ™ใจใ€
ใใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใซๅˆถ็ด„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€
ใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

ใ€Œใ“ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚‚ใใฎใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใŠใ„
ใฆใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒ่ณชใฎใ€Œๅ€‹ไบบ่ฒก็”ฃใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝใ€€

Cindy

unread,
May 20, 2005, 10:51:33โ€ฏAM5/20/05
to
B. Ito wrote:

>> ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใƒผใ€ไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๆญŒใ†็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰
>> ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ใ“ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใฏ้ ป็นใซใ€Œๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใ€(context)ใ€€ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใŒ
> ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใฎไป–ๅ›ฝ่จ€่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ
> ้”ใ—ใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใซใ‚‚ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€
>
> ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ‚‰ ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
>
> ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใใฎๅฆ‚ไฝ•ใซๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ๏ผ’ใ€๏ผ“ๆ—ฅใฎ้–“ใซ่ฟฐในใŸๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใจใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไธๆบ€ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ
ไบบใงใชใ„ใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„่กจ็พใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚


> choirใ€€ใฎ่ฉฑใŒใงใŸใจใ“ใชใฎใงใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจใฏ้•ใฃใฆๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๆ•™ไผšๆดปๅ‹•ใฏ็คพไผš็š„ใซๅฟ…่ฆ
> ๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ็ฒพใ‚’ใคใŽ่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ณ›็พŽๆญŒ็š„ใชใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผ
> ใƒชใƒผใฏๅฝ“ๅˆ†ใŠ้ ใ‘ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆไธ€ใคใงAๅ–ใฃใฆๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใพใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
ใงใฏBใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใฆๅ…œใฎ็ท’ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚


>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฐใธใ‚“ใฆใ“ใ‚Šใ‚“ใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใไบบใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใฏใจใŸ
>> ใ‚“ใซๅ‰ใใ†ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใฟใŸใ„ใซๅค‰่บซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€
>> ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใŸ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใถใ‚“ใซใฏใพใ ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
> ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸใ€Œๆ€งๅˆ†ใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใชใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใชใใ€nature,
> disposition ใ€ใใ‚Œใจ
> ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€€grainใ€€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใคใ‹ใˆใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„
> ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
> ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚


> ใ“ใ‚ใฃใจๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>
> ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ’ๅนดใปใฉๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸๅพกๆฎฟใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–ฐ
> ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ
> ใใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„็•ช็ต„ใŒ้€ฃ็ถšใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใฎใช
> ใ‹ใง
> ็”Ÿๆดปใ—ใฆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€Œใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใจใ„
> ใ†ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒ
> ่‚ฒใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็Ÿ›็›พใฎใชใ‹ใซใฉใฃใทใ‚Šใคใ‹ใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“
> ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚็ŸฅไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใง่จชๅ•ๅฎขใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€่จชๅ•ๅฎขใฏไฝ•ใฎๆฐ—็„ก
ใ—ใซๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ๅคงไฝ“ใฟใ‚“ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—
ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใŠ้…’ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŠ็šฟ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใพใพๅปŠไธ‹ใซ
็ฉใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€
ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚

> ใใ“ใˆใใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใจใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ“ใซใ€Œ็ตŒ้จ“ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ€ใ‚‚่ถณใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

>ใŸใพใซใ€ใ€Œๆ•™้คŠใ€ใ€Œใƒž

> ใƒใƒผใ€ใŒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ—ใŸใ‚Š
> ใ—ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œๅคšใ™ใŽใฆๅ›ฐใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใพใšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€
> ๅ“็‰ฉใงใ™ใจใ€
> ใใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใซๅˆถ็ด„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจ
> ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€
> ใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>
> ใ€Œใ“ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚‚ใใฎใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใ™ใ‚‹
> ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใŠใ„
> ใฆใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒ่ณชใฎใ€Œๅ€‹ไบบ่ฒก็”ฃใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ๆฒขๅฑฑๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒ่ฑŠใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ‚
ใจใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใซๅคšใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€่ฒฏ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ„šใ‹ใชใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใง
ใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฎใ†ใกใซๆฌฒใ—ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใ‚“ใ ใ
ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใŠใใƒปใƒปใƒปใŒ่‡ช
็„ถใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€‚


Danny Wilde

unread,
May 20, 2005, 7:24:04โ€ฏPM5/20/05
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"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...

> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?

GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฏ๏ผ“๏ผ–๏ผ๏ผไปถใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒไพ‹ใˆใฐไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ

http://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife-Labo/9879/lesson09/plan.htm


> ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚็ŸฅไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใง่จชๅ•ๅฎขใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€่จชๅ•ๅฎขใฏไฝ•ใฎๆฐ—็„ก
> ใ—ใซๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ๅคงไฝ“ใฟใ‚“ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—
> ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใŠ้…’ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŠ็šฟ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใพใพๅปŠไธ‹ใซ
> ็ฉใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€
> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚

Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใ„ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ™ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚


Bart Mathias

unread,
May 20, 2005, 8:08:54โ€ฏPM5/20/05
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Danny Wilde wrote:
>
> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
> news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
>> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
>
>
> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?

ใฒใจใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใงใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใชใฃ
ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใญใƒผใ€ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆ((ใใ ใ•ใ„))ใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅฅใฎ
ๆต่กŒๆญŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใ‚“ใจใชใใ€ไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚

> [...]


> Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใ„ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
> ใ„ใพใ™ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ‚ชใƒค๏ผใ‚ใŸใ—ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใปใ‚“ใจใ†ใซใใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใฉใฎใฟใกใ€ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ
ใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใดใ‚Š่ถณใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚
ใ—ใŸใฏใฉใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

Bart

Cindy

unread,
May 20, 2005, 8:08:37โ€ฏPM5/20/05
to
Danny Wilde wrote:

>
> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
> news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>
>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
>> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
>
>
> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?

ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ€Œใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎๆ–นใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

> GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€Œใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฏ๏ผ“๏ผ–๏ผ๏ผไปถใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒไพ‹ใˆใฐไธ‹่จ˜ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช
> ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
>
> http://www.geocities.co.jp/CollegeLife-Labo/9879/lesson09/plan.htm

ใ“ใฎใŸใณใฎใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚


>> ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚็ŸฅไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใง่จชๅ•ๅฎขใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€่จชๅ•ๅฎขใฏไฝ•ใฎๆฐ—็„ก
>> ใ—ใซๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ๅคงไฝ“ใฟใ‚“ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—
>> ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใŠ้…’ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŠ็šฟ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใพใพๅปŠไธ‹ใซ
>> ็ฉใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€
>> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
>
>
> Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใ„ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
> ใ„ใพใ™ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ€Œใ—ใ€ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็„กใใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌใ€ใ€Œใชใ•
ใ„ใ€ใฏๅฅณๆ€งใŒๅฅฝใ‚“ใงไฝฟใ„ใใ†ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 21, 2005, 12:02:05โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to
Cindy wrote:
> Danny Wilde wrote:
> >> ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚็ŸฅไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใง่จชๅ•ๅฎขใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€่จชๅ•ๅฎขใฏไฝ•ใฎๆฐ—
็„ก
> >> ใ—ใซๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ๅคงไฝ“ใฟใ‚“ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—
> >> ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใŠ้…’ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŠ็šฟ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใพใพๅปŠไธ‹
ใซ
> >> ็ฉใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ

่จ€
> >> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
> >
> >
> > Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใ„ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
> > ใ„ใพใ™ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
>
> ใ€Œใ—ใ€ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็„กใใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌใ€ใ€Œใชใ•
> ใ„ใ€ใฏๅฅณๆ€งใŒๅฅฝใ‚“ใงไฝฟใ„ใใ†ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚

้‡Ž้š›้™ฝๅญใŒใ€Œใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ๆ˜ ๅƒใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใใŸใ€‚

็”ทใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œใ˜ใ‚ƒใ่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰่ง’ใŒ็ซ‹ใค๏ผŸ

Hiroyuki

Danny Wilde

unread,
May 21, 2005, 4:43:07โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to

"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
news:q_uje.80$yO1.37@trnddc05...

> Danny Wilde wrote:
>>
>> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
>> news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>>
>>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
>>> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
>>
>>
>> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
>
> ใฒใจใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใงใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใชใฃ
> ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใญใƒผใ€ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆ((ใใ ใ•ใ„))ใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅฅใฎ
> ๆต่กŒๆญŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใ‚“ใจใชใใ€ไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚

GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅœงๅ€’็š„ใซๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใŒใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใŒไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจใพใฃใŸใ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใชใ„ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

>> Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฎใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏใ€Œใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ ใ‘ใŒๅฅฝใ„ใจใŠใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
>> ใ„ใพใ™ใŒCindyใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
>
> ใ‚ชใƒค๏ผใ‚ใŸใ—ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒใปใ‚“ใจใ†ใซใใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฏใ€Œใ‚ใŸใใ—ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ€ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

>ใฉใฎใฟใกใ€ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ
> ใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใฉใฏใกใ‚‡ใฃใดใ‚Š่ถณใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚
> ใ—ใŸใฏใฉใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

Bartๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ‹่ชฐใ‹ใŒ๏ฝ“๏ฝ‰๏ฝŽ๏ฝ๏ฝ“๏ฝ๏ฝ‰ใŒ้ง„็›ฎใ ใจใ„ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ†ๆ›ธใ„ใŸๆŠ•็จฟใฏ่ฆ‹ใคใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใฎใง็งใฎๆ€ใ„่พผใฟใซใ™ใŽใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚


B. Ito

unread,
May 21, 2005, 6:16:12โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...

> B. Ito wrote:
>
>>> ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใƒผใ€ไธญใซใฏใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒญใƒชใ‚ขใ€ใจๆญŒใ†็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ—ใฐใ‚‰
>>> ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>>
>> --------------------------------------------------------------
>> ใ“ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใ‚นใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใฏ้ ป็นใซใ€Œๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใƒผๆ–‡่„ˆใ€(context)ใ€€ใจใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใŒ
>> ใƒชใƒ”ใƒผใƒˆใ•ใ‚Œใฆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใ€ใฟใชใ•ใ‚“ใฎไป–ๅ›ฝ่จ€่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใซ
>>
>> ้”ใ—ใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>>
>> ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใซใ‚‚ๆฏๅ›ฝ่ชžใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ€
>>
>> ใ€Œใ—ใฐใ‚‰ ใใฎ้–“ใฏๆ „ๅ…‰ใฏใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†(no thanks)ใงใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€
>>
>> ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใใฎๅฆ‚ไฝ•ใซๆ–‡่„ˆใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณ่งฃ้‡ˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใŒใ“ใฎ๏ผ’ใ€๏ผ“ๆ—ฅใฎ้–“ใซ่ฟฐในใŸๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใจใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ไธๆบ€ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸ
> ไบบใงใชใ„ใจๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„่กจ็พใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
>
>
>> choirใ€€ใฎ่ฉฑใŒใงใŸใจใ“ใชใฎใงใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใจใฏ้•ใฃใฆๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๆ•™ไผšๆดปๅ‹•ใฏ็คพไผš็š„ใซๅฟ…่ฆ
>> ๆœ€ๅฐ้™ใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ็ฒพใ‚’ใคใŽ่พผใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง่ณ›็พŽๆญŒ็š„ใชใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผ
>> ใƒชใƒผใฏๅฝ“ๅˆ†ใŠ้ ใ‘ใ ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆไธ€ใคใงAๅ–ใฃใฆๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใพใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
> ใงใฏBใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใฆๅ…œใฎ็ท’ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
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ใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใ—ใ‹

ใŠใฃใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใ€‚

ไธ€ๅบฆ้‡‘ใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€๏ผ’ๅบฆ็›ฎใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉ•ไพกใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚“
ใงใฏใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใจใŠใชใ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใ—ใ‹ใใ‚“ใชใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใƒณใƒžใซ้™ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ…ˆใ€…ใฎ
ไบบ็”ŸใŒๅŽณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่‡ชๆฎบใซใพใงใŠใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใŸใŠๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใชใ‹ใคใฆใฎ
ใ€Œๆ „ๅ…‰ใ€ใฎๆ–นใ‚‚ใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

>
>
>>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใ‹ใ›ใฐใธใ‚“ใฆใ“ใ‚Šใ‚“ใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’ๆ›ธใไบบใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซใฏใจใŸ
>>> ใ‚“ใซๅ‰ใใ†ใซใฉใ“ใ‹ใฎๅคงๅญฆใฎๆ•™ๆŽˆใฟใŸใ„ใซๅค‰่บซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€
>>> ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใŸ็ซ‹ๅ ดใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€‚
>>
>> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
>> ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚„ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใถใ‚“ใซใฏใพใ ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
>> ๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸใ€Œๆ€งๅˆ†ใ€๏ผˆใ“ใ‚Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใชใ‚“ใจใ„ใ†ใ‹ใชใใ€nature,
>> disposition ใ€ใใ‚Œใจ
>> ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใ€€grainใ€€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใคใ‹ใˆใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆฐ—ใฅใ„
>> ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€
>> ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚
>
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใฏใ„ใ€ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ„ใˆใ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใงใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใญใ€‚ใ€€็จ‹ๅบฆๅ•้กŒ
ใงใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

ใ„ใˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใใฎๆฅต็ซฏใซๅบฆใŒใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใพใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ใใ‚Œใ‚’้ž้›ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ใˆใฃใฆใ€Œๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใ€ใชใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฐ—ใ‚‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

>
>> ใ“ใ‚ใฃใจๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>>
>> ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ’ๅนดใปใฉๅ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎ๏ผด๏ผถใงใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸๅพกๆฎฟใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–ฐ
>> ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ
>> ใใฆ้ข็™ฝใ„็•ช็ต„ใŒ้€ฃ็ถšใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆฐ—ใŒไป˜ใ„ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒŸใ€ใฎใช
>> ใ‹ใง
>> ็”Ÿๆดปใ—ใฆใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใใฆใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŠใพใ‘ใซใ€Œใƒชใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚ฏใƒซใ€ใจใ„
>> ใ†ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใŒ
>> ่‚ฒใฃใฆใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ็Ÿ›็›พใฎใชใ‹ใซใฉใฃใทใ‚Šใคใ‹ใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“
>> ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ็งใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚‚็ŸฅไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใง่จชๅ•ๅฎขใ‚‚ๅคšใใ€่จชๅ•ๅฎขใฏไฝ•ใฎๆฐ—็„ก
> ใ—ใซๆ‰‹ๅœŸ็”ฃใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ๅคงไฝ“ใฟใ‚“ใช่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‰ใ—
> ใ„ใ€‚ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใจใ‹ใŠ้…’ใฎใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚นใ€ใŠ็šฟ็ญ‰ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใชใใฆ็ฎฑใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใพใพๅปŠไธ‹ใซ
> ็ฉใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใฎไบบใซใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€
> ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ ใใ†ใ ใ€‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ€Œใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆจใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
>
>> ใใ“ใˆใใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใจใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
>
> ใใ“ใซใ€Œ็ตŒ้จ“ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ€ใ‚‚่ถณใ—ใŸใ„ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็ตŒ้จ“ใ€ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ€ไบบใจใฎๅ‡บไผšใ„ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚‚ๅคšใ„ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€
ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’ใงไฟฎๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใจใŒๅ…จใฆๅˆใ‚ใ›ใฆใใฎไบบใฎใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใจใ„ใ†
ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚

>
>>ใŸใพใซใ€ใ€Œๆ•™้คŠใ€ใ€Œใƒž
>> ใƒใƒผใ€ใŒใ‚ธใƒฃใƒžใ—ใŸใ‚Š
>> ใ—ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ใ€€ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œๅคšใ™ใŽใฆๅ›ฐใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใพใšใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€
>> ๅ“็‰ฉใงใ™ใจใ€
>> ใใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใซๅˆถ็ด„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šไฟ็ฎกใซๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใฏใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚‚ใจ
>> ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ—ใ€
>> ใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>>
>> ใ€Œใ“ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ€ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ“ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ€ใ‚‚ใใฎใ€Œๅฟœ็”จใ€ใ™ใ‚‹
>> ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใŠใ„
>> ใฆใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒ่ณชใฎใ€Œๅ€‹ไบบ่ฒก็”ฃใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚
>
> ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ๆฒขๅฑฑๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒ่ฑŠใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ‚
> ใจใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใซๅคšใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€่ฒฏ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ„šใ‹ใชใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใง
> ใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฎใ†ใกใซๆฌฒใ—ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใ‚“ใ ใ
> ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใŠใใƒปใƒปใƒปใŒ่‡ช
> ็„ถใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๆ—ฅใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ
็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจไธ€ๆ—ฆใ“ใ‚ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใพใŸใใฎใ†ใกใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–น
ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใญใ€‚ใ€€

ใ‚ˆใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ€ใ€ŒไปŠใ€ใ‹ใ€Œๆœชๆฅใ€ใ‹ใฎ้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎๆฏ”็އใงใ„ใˆใฐใ€ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ๏ผ—๏ผš๏ผ“๏ผŒ๏ผ•๏ผš๏ผ•ใ€
๏ผ“๏ผš๏ผ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๆฅต็ซฏใซ๏ผ˜๏ผš๏ผ’ใ€๏ผ™๏ผš๏ผ‘ใ€€ๅŠใณใใฎ้€†ใฎ๏ผ’๏ผš๏ผ˜ใ€๏ผ‘๏ผš๏ผ™ใจใ„ใ†้‡่ฆๅบฆๆฏ”็އใฎ
ไบบ็”Ÿๅ“ฒๅญฆใ‚’ใŠๆŒใกใฎๆ–นใ€ๅƒๅทฎไธ‡ๅˆฅใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

้‡‘้Šญ็š„ใช้ขใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅฐๅŽๅ…ฅใ€ๅฐ่ณ‡็”ฃใงใฏใ€๏ผ’๏ผš๏ผ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผš๏ผ™ใฎ้‡่ฆๅบฆๆฏ”็އ
ใงใฏ็พๅœจใฎ็”ŸๆดปใŒๆˆใ‚Š็ซ‹ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅƒๅทฎไธ‡ๅˆฅใจใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅˆถ็ด„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
ใŒใญใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ

B. Ito

unread,
May 21, 2005, 6:48:51โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to

"Danny Wilde" <fuza...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:d6msan$f3s$1...@caraway.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp...
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆ–‡่„ˆ๏ผˆcontext or situations)ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ€็„กใ—ใฎๆ–นใŒใƒžใƒƒใƒใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒ
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ็งใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

ใใฎ็‚นใกใ‚‡ใจใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ—ใ‚๏ผใ€ใ€€ใงใฏใใคใ„ใฎใงใ€ๅฅณๆ€ง่จ€่‘‰ใซใ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใฃใฆไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใพใ™ใจใ€
ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎๆฌกใซใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
ใ‚‚ๆฎ†ใฉๅŒ็ญ‰ใซๆจ™ๆบ–่ชžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใ ใ‘ใซ้™ใฃใฆใ€่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ“ใฎ็™บๆƒณใฏใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ€ไธ‡่ƒฝไธๅฏง่ชžใฎใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใ‚„ใ‚Œ๏ผใ€
ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใŠใ‚„ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใ€€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚

ใใ‚ŒใจๅŒๆง˜ใซใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใซใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใŠใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใŠใ‚„ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚๏ผ‰ใ€€ใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚้–“้•ใ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใŒใ€ใพใ‚ใ‚Šใใฉใใฆ
ใ™ใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใ•ใŒ็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใซใชใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ใจใชใฃใŸใ‚“ใงใฏใชใ„
ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธๅฏง่ชžใฎใ€ŒใŠใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ๅŠ ใˆใฆใ ใ‚ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใฃใใฎใ“ใจๆ™ฎ้€šใฏๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œใ—ใ€ใฎไธ€ๆ–‡ๅญ—
ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆใฟใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†็™บๆƒณใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

ใใ‚Œใจใ€
>>> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
ใฎใ€€ใ€Œใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ‚’ใ€ใ€€ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๆฅใฎๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€
ๆœ€่ฟ‘๏ผˆๅค–ๆฅๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€่ชžๆณ•็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ‰ใ€€ใ€ŒใŒใ€ใ€Œใฏใ€ๆ›ฟใ‚Šใซใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใ—ใพใ†
ๅ‚พๅ‘ใ‚‚ๅคšใใชใฃใฆใใŸใฎใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€ใใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใจใ—ใฆไธ‹่จ˜ใฏ
ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

a) Boku wa Hanako ga suki desu.
b) Boku wa Hanako wo suki desu.

---------------------------------------------
B. Ito

B. Ito

unread,
May 21, 2005, 6:52:50โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to

"Travers Naran" <tna...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1115936816.2...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Kevin Wayne Williams wrote:
>> Travers Naran wrote:
>> > Like black-clad ninjas holding katanas to your throat forcing you
> to
>> > eat breakfast and go to work. ^_^
>> >
>> > Or the fate of the world depends upon you eating breakfast right
> now or
>> > go to work.
>> >
>> Don't forget those pervasive forces of cultural expectations and
> social
>> acceptability. Their intangibility and vagueness does nothing to
> reduce
>> their power.
>
> Especially in Japan. I can imagine the new dorama from this...
>
> The Sallaryman fighting against the those pervasive forces of cultural
> expectations and social acceptability! Their intangibility and
> vagueness doing nothing to reduce their power.
>
> Salaryman: ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆœใ”้ฃฏใฏ้ฃŸในใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
> Wife:
> ใ‚ใ‚ใฃ๏ผใ€€ๆœใ”้ฃฏใ‚’ใŸในใชใใกใ‚ƒใ€€ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚ˆ๏ผ
> Salaryman: ใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใชใ„๏ผ
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ€Œใ†ใ‚‹ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ‹ใชใ„๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ–ใจใ€€ใ€Œใ‹ใชใ„ใ€๏ผˆๅฎถๅ†…๏ผ‰ใจ
ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

Cindy

unread,
May 21, 2005, 11:45:44โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to
B. Ito wrote:

>> ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆไธ€ใคใงAๅ–ใฃใฆๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใพใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
>> ใงใฏBใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใฆๅ…œใฎ็ท’ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> ใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผ
> ใƒชใƒผใ—ใ‹
> ใŠใฃใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใ€‚

ๆŒซๆŠ˜ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใƒใƒ ใƒปใƒชใƒณใ‚ซใƒผใƒณใฎไธๆˆๅŠŸใฎๆ•ฐใฏใ™
ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ‚ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฌใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใƒƒใ‚บใ‚‚ๆœ€็ต‚ใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใƒ€ใƒฉใ‚นใฎใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใŸใฎใซใ€‚ๅฝผ
ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠใจใชใ—ใ„ใ—ใ€ไบ‹ไปถใฏ่ตทใ•ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใชใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใƒžใƒณใง
ใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผˆ่ฉฑใŒๆ›ฒใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒ๏ผ‰


> ไธ€ๅบฆ้‡‘ใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€๏ผ’ๅบฆ็›ฎใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉ•
> ไพกใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚“
> ใงใฏใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใจใŠใชใ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใ—ใ‹ใใ‚“ใชใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใƒณใƒžใซ้™ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ…ˆ
> ใ€…ใฎ
> ไบบ็”ŸใŒๅŽณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่‡ชๆฎบใซใพใงใŠใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใŸใŠๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใชใ‹ใคใฆใฎ
> ใ€Œๆ „ๅ…‰ใ€ใฎๆ–นใ‚‚ใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚

ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„้ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใฏ็•ฐๅธธใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
ใญใ€‚่ฆ‹ใฆใฆใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใ€‚ไธ€ๅบฆๆœ‰ๅใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใจใพใŸๅคงๅค‰ใ€‚


>> ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ๆฒขๅฑฑๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒ่ฑŠใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ‚
>> ใจใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใซๅคšใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€่ฒฏ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ„šใ‹ใชใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใง
>> ใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฎใ†ใกใซๆฌฒใ—ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใ‚“ใ ใ
>> ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใŠใใƒปใƒปใƒปใŒ่‡ช
>> ็„ถใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
>
> ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
> ใใ‚Œใฏ่‰ฒใ€…ใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ€€ๆ—ฅใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸ
> ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจไธ€ๆ—ฆใ“ใ‚ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŒใพใŸใใฎใ†ใกใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–น
> ใซๆˆปใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—ใญใ€‚ใ€€
>
> ใ‚ˆใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ€ใ€ŒไปŠใ€ใ‹ใ€Œๆœชๆฅใ€ใ‹ใฎ้‡่ฆๅบฆใฎๆฏ”็އใงใ„ใˆใฐใ€ไบบใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ๏ผ—๏ผš
> ๏ผ“๏ผŒ๏ผ•๏ผš๏ผ•ใ€
> ๏ผ“๏ผš๏ผ—ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๆฅต็ซฏใซ๏ผ˜๏ผš๏ผ’ใ€๏ผ™๏ผš๏ผ‘ใ€€ๅŠใณใใฎ้€†ใฎ๏ผ’๏ผš๏ผ˜ใ€๏ผ‘๏ผš๏ผ™ใจใ„ใ†้‡
> ่ฆๅบฆๆฏ”็އใฎ
> ไบบ็”Ÿๅ“ฒๅญฆใ‚’ใŠๆŒใกใฎๆ–นใ€ๅƒๅทฎไธ‡ๅˆฅใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
>
> ้‡‘้Šญ็š„ใช้ขใ‹ใ‚‰่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅฐๅŽๅ…ฅใ€ๅฐ่ณ‡็”ฃใงใฏใ€๏ผ’๏ผš๏ผ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ๏ผ‘๏ผš๏ผ™ใฎ้‡่ฆๅบฆๆฏ”็އ
> ใงใฏ็พๅœจใฎ็”ŸๆดปใŒๆˆใ‚Š็ซ‹ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅƒๅทฎไธ‡ๅˆฅใจใ„ใฃใฆใ‚‚ๅˆถ็ด„ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
> ใŒใญใ€‚

ใ“ใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏๅน…ใŒๅบƒใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใฎใง่ญฐ่ซ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏ้›ฃ้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚


Cindy

unread,
May 21, 2005, 11:48:36โ€ฏAM5/21/05
to
Hiroyuki wrote:


>>ใ€Œใ—ใ€ใŒใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚็„กใใฆๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ใฏไธ€่ˆฌใ€ใ€Œใชใ•
>>ใ„ใ€ใฏๅฅณๆ€งใŒๅฅฝใ‚“ใงไฝฟใ„ใใ†ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚
>
>
> ้‡Ž้š›้™ฝๅญใŒใ€Œใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‹ๆ˜ ๅƒใŒๆตฎใ‹ใ‚“ใงใใŸใ€‚
>
> ็”ทใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅ‡ฆๅˆ†ใ—ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ€ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใใ‚Œใ˜ใ‚ƒใ่ฟ‘ๆ‰€ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰่ง’ใŒ็ซ‹ใค๏ผŸ

่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ—ใ ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

Bart Mathias

unread,
May 21, 2005, 5:59:12โ€ฏPM5/21/05
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Danny Wilde wrote:
>
> "Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
> news:q_uje.80$yO1.37@trnddc05...
>
>> Danny Wilde wrote:
>>
>>> "Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
>>> news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>>>
>>>> ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
>>>> ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
>>>
>>> sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
>>
>> ใฒใจใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใงใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใชใฃ
>> ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใญใƒผใ€ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆ((ใใ ใ•ใ„))ใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅฅใฎ
>> ๆต่กŒๆญŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใ‚“ใจใชใใ€ไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
>
> GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅœงๅ€’็š„ใซๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใŒใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพ
> ใ™ใ€ใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
> ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจใพใฃใŸใ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใชใ„ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
> [...]

ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ‚๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผš ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใฉใ†่กจใ‚ใ™๏ผŸ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใง
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

(ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใชใœใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€Œๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„
ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆญŒใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ„ใˆใ‚‹
ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚)

Bart

Cindy

unread,
May 21, 2005, 7:37:51โ€ฏPM5/21/05
to
Bart Mathias wrote:

> Danny Wilde wrote:
>
>>"Bart Mathias" <mat...@hawaii.edu> wrote in message
>>news:q_uje.80$yO1.37@trnddc05...
>>
>>
>>>Danny Wilde wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
>>>>news:WOCdnTNaGOP...@comcast.com...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎ่ฉฑ้กŒใ ใจใคใ„ใฆใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ใจใจใŸใ‚“ใซใ€Œๅ‡บ็•ช
>>>>>ใ ๏ผใ€ใฃใฆใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใพใ‚ใ€ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
>>>>
>>>>sono kimochi "wo" wakarimasu?
>>>
>>>ใฒใจใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒ่‡ช็„ถใงใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใซใชใฃ
>>>ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œใญใƒผใ€ๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆ((ใใ ใ•ใ„))ใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ๅฅใฎ
>>>ๆต่กŒๆญŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใชใ‚“ใจใชใใ€ไผผใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
>>
>>GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅœงๅ€’็š„ใซๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใŒใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพ
>>ใ™ใ€ใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
>>ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจใพใฃใŸใ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใชใ„ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
>>[...]
>
>
> ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ‚๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผš ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
> ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใฉใ†่กจใ‚ใ™๏ผŸ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใง
> ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ณชๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œ็ง
ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚


> (ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใใฎ่ณชๅ•ใงใชใœใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ€Œๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใฏใ‚„
> ใ๏ผใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆญŒใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€Œๆฐ—ใŒใคใ„ใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ„ใˆใ‚‹
> ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚)

ใ“ใฎใƒญใ‚ธใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใƒ€ใƒ‹ใƒผใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฟ”็ญ”ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŠใŸใฎใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚

B. Ito

unread,
May 22, 2005, 9:35:29โ€ฏAM5/22/05
to

"Cindy" <cindy1...@att.net> wrote in message
news:YoidnUPf-58...@comcast.com...

> B. Ito wrote:
>
>>> ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆไธ€ใคใงAๅ–ใฃใฆๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ไธ€้€ฑ้–“ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใพใŸใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ
>>> ใงใฏBใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ—ใ€‚้€†ใซใ€Œๅ‹ใฃใฆๅ…œใฎ็ท’ใ‚’็ท ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
>>
>> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>> ใ‚ˆใๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€€ใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผใƒชใƒผใฐใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚’่ฟฝใ„ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€่จ€ใ„ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ‚ฐใƒญใƒผ
>> ใƒชใƒผใ—ใ‹
>> ใŠใฃใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใจใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใฎใ€‚
>
> ๆŒซๆŠ˜ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ๅคงๅˆ‡ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ‚ขใƒ–ใƒฉใƒใƒ ใƒปใƒชใƒณใ‚ซใƒผใƒณใฎไธๆˆๅŠŸใฎๆ•ฐใฏใ™
> ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ€€ใใ†ใ„ใˆใฐใ€ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใ‚ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฌใƒผใƒปใ‚ฆใƒƒใ‚บใ‚‚ๆœ€็ต‚ใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Œใชใ‹ใฃใŸ
> ใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใƒ€ใƒฉใ‚นใฎใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚กใƒผใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฌใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใŸใฎใซใ€‚ๅฝผ
> ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ใŠใจใชใ—ใ„ใ—ใ€ไบ‹ไปถใฏ่ตทใ•ใชใ„ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ็œŸ้ข็›ฎใชใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใƒžใƒณใง
> ใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผˆ่ฉฑใŒๆ›ฒใŒใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใŒ๏ผ‰
-----------------------------------------------
ใใ†่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ๅคฉๆ‰ใฏ(ใ„ใ‚„ใ€ๅคฉๆ‰ใปใฉใ€ใ€ใ‹ใช๏ผ‰ๅคฑๆ•—ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆใถใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพ
ใ—ใŸใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€Œๅคฑๆ•—ใฏๆˆๅŠŸใฎใ‚‚ใจใ€ใ€€๏ผˆใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚Œใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚‚ใจใ€ใŒๅค‰ๆ›ใงใจใ‚‰ใถใฃใกใ‚ƒใฃใŸใ€‚

ใ€Œ็ด ใ€ๅ…ƒใ€ใ€€ใพใ ใพใ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใญใ€‚ใ€Œ่ณ‡ใ€ๆบใ€ๅŸบใ€ๆœฌใ€ใ€€ใ“ใ‚“ใชใซใ‚‚๏ผ‰ใ€€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใงใ™ใญใ€‚


>
>
>> ไธ€ๅบฆ้‡‘ใƒกใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ€๏ผ’ๅบฆ็›ฎใฏใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใพใˆใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉ•
>> ไพกใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚“
>> ใงใฏใŸใพใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใจใŠใชใ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใŸใ—ใ‹ใใ‚“ใชใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒฌใƒณใƒžใซ้™ฅใฃใฆๅดใฃใฆๅ…ˆ
>> ใ€…ใฎ
>> ไบบ็”ŸใŒๅŽณใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’่‡ชๆฎบใซใพใงใŠใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใฃใŸใŠๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใชใ‹ใคใฆใฎ
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>> ใ€Œๆ „ๅ…‰ใ€ใฎๆ–นใ‚‚ใŠใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใญใ€‚
>
> ๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ขใฎใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„้ธๆ‰‹ใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใฏ็•ฐๅธธใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
> ใญใ€‚่ฆ‹ใฆใฆใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใ€‚ไธ€ๅบฆๆœ‰ๅใซใชใฃใกใ‚ƒใ†ใจใพใŸๅคงๅค‰ใ€‚

ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
ใ†ใ‚“ใ€็งใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใฎ่…•ใ€ใ‚’๏ผˆใŒใ€ใฏ๏ผ‰ไฟๆŒใงใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€€็พใซใ‚‚ใ†ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„

ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

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>>> ็‰ฉ่ณชใ‚’ๆฒขๅฑฑๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒ่ฑŠใ‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญใ€‚ใ‚
>>> ใจใ€็ฑณๅ›ฝใซๅคšใ„ใ‚“ใ ใ‘ใฉใ€่ฒฏ้‡‘ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ„šใ‹ใชใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŒๅคšใ„ใง
>>> ใ™ใ€‚ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไปŠใฎใ†ใกใซๆฌฒใ—ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’่ฒทใฃใฆใŠใใ‚“ใ ใ
>>> ใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ๆ™ฎ้€šใ€ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒฏใ‚ใฆใŠใใƒปใƒปใƒปใŒ่‡ช
>>> ็„ถใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ

ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็งใฎๅ—ใ‘ใฎ่ฆ้ ˜ใŒๆ‚ชใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€€ใ€€ใใ‚Œใง่’”ใ็›ดใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ€Œๅ‚™ใˆใ‚ใ‚Œใฐๆ†‚ใ„ใชใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใ€ใฎ่€ƒใˆใŸใ‹ใŒ็„ก้›ฃใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผใƒผ
๏ผข๏ผŽ๏ผฉ๏ฝ”๏ฝ

Hiroyuki

unread,
May 23, 2005, 4:42:21โ€ฏAM5/23/05
to
Cindy wrote:
> > ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ‚๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผš ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
> > ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใฉใ†่กจใ‚ใ™๏ผŸ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใง
> > ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
>
> ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ณชๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œ็ง
> ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

็ขบใ‹ใซ๏ผใ€€ใชใœใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใชใ‚‰ใƒปใƒปใƒป
ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใจใงใ‚‚ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ‚ˆใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒ็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒใ—ใฃใใ‚Šใ
ใพใ™ใŒใญใ€‚

Hiroyuki

muchan

unread,
May 23, 2005, 4:48:06โ€ฏAM5/23/05
to
Cindy wrote:
>>>
>>>GoogleใงๆŽขใ—ใฆใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅœงๅ€’็š„ใซๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใŒใ€Œๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพ
>>>ใ™ใ€ใชใฉไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅฏพใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใฎไพ‹ใ‚‚ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
>>>ไบบใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใจใพใฃใŸใ้–ขไฟ‚ใฎใชใ„ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅๅˆ†ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
>>>[...]
>>
>>
>>ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ•ใ„๏ผใ‚๏ผใฆๅพก่ฆง๏ผš ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง "Please understand how I feel"ใจ
>>ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ใฉใ†่กจใ‚ใ™๏ผŸ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใŒ่งฃใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใฏใชใ„ใง
>>ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
>
>
> ใฏใ„ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใ€่ณชๅ•ๆ–‡ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€Œ็ง
> ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚
>


ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฑใ‚Šใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใซ่‡ช็™บใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฒใจใ‚Šใงใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใŒ
ๆœฌๆฅใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ€ŒใŒใ€ใŒใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใงใชใใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ไธปไฝ“ใ€‚

ใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใ‹ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡่„ˆใ ใจใ€Œใฒใจใ‚Šใงใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€
ใจใ„ใ†ๆฐ—ใฎ้•ทใ„ๆ–‡่„ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€ŒใŒใ€ใŒไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใฏใ‚„ใใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†
ๆฐ—ใฎ็Ÿญใ„ๆ–‡่„ˆใงใฏใ€่‡ช็™บใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใงใฏใ†ใพใๅˆใ‚ใชใใฆใ€ใ‚„ใฃใฑใ‚Šใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹็›ฎ็š„ใซ
ใชใฃใฆใ—ใพใฃใฆใ€Œใ‚’ใ€ใŒไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‚ใจใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ๆœฌๆฅใฎใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚ŒใŸไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใชใ‚‰๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ…๏ผฏ๏ผซใ ใ‘ใฉใ€ใ€Œ็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ
ใ€Œใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ๏ฝžใ‚’ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจๆ™ฎ้€šใซใคใ‹ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

ใงใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใฑใ‚Šๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซ๏ผˆใ„ใคใ‹๏ผ‰็งใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใŒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€ใŒๆœฌๆฅใฎ
(ๆฐ—ใฎ้•ทใ„๏ผ‰ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚

muchan

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