REPOST: Cooling of Atmosphere Due to CO2 Emission
Bound and gagged
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a788582859&db=all
Cooling of Atmosphere Due to CO2 Emission
Authors: G. V. Chilingar a; L. F. Khilyuk a;O. G. Sorokhtin b
Affiliations:
a Rudolf W. Gunnerman Energy and Environment Laboratory, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
b Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published in: Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and
Environmental Effects, Volume 30, Issue 1 January 2008 , pages 1 - 9
Abstract:
The writers investigated the effect of CO2 emission on the temperature of
atmosphere. Computations based on the adiabatic theory of greenhouse effect
show that increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere results in cooling
rather than warming of the Earth�s atmosphere.
Keywords adiabatic theory, CO2 emission, global cooling, global warming
Introduction
Traditional anthropogenic theory of currently observed global warming states
that release of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (partially as a result of
utilization of fossil fuels) leads to an increase in atmospheric temperature
because the molecules of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) absorb the
infrared radiation from the Earth�s surface. This statement is based on the
Arrhenius hypothesis, which was never verified (Arrhenius, 1896). The
proponents of this theory take into consideration only one component of heat
transfer in atmosphere, i.e., radiation. Yet, in the dense Earth�s
troposphere with the pressure pa > 0:2 atm, the heat from the Earth�s
surface is mostly transferred by convection (Sorokhtin, 2001a). According to
our estimates, convection accounts for 67%, water vapor condensation in
troposphere accounts for 25%, and radiation accounts for about 8% of the
total heat transfer from the Earth�s surface to troposphere. Thus,
convection is the dominant process of heat transfer in troposphere, and all
the theories of Earth�s atmospheric heating (or cooling) first of all must
consider this process of heat (energy)� mass redistribution in atmosphere
(Sorokhtin, 2001a, 2001b; Khilyuk and Chilingar, 2003, 2004).
When the temperature of a given mass of air increases, it expands, becomes
lighter, and rises. In turn, the denser cooler air of upper layers of
troposphere descends and replaces the warmer air of lower layers. This
physical system (multiple cells of air convection) acts in the Earth�s
troposphere like a continuous surface cooler. The cooling effect by air
convection can surpass considerably the warming effect of radiation.
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Conclusions
During the latest three millennia, one can observe a clear cooling trend in
the Earth�s climate (Keigwin, 1996; Sorokhtin and Ushakov, 2002; Gerhard,
2004; Khiyuk and Chilingar, 2006; Sorokhtin et al., 2007). During this
period, deviations of the global temperature from this trend reached up to 3
C. with a clear trend of decreasing global temperature by about 2 C.
Relatively short-term variations in global temperature are mainly caused by
the variations in solar activity and are not linked to the changes in carbon
dioxide content in atmosphere.
Accumulation of large amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to
the cooling, and not to warming of climate, as the proponents of traditional
anthropogenic global warming theory believe (Aeschbach-Hertig, 2006). This
conclusion has a simple physical explanation: when the infrared radiation is
absorbed by the molecules of greenhouse gases, its energy is transformed
into thermal expansion of air, which causes convective fluxes of air masses
restoring the adiabatic distribution of temperature in the troposphere. Our
estimates show that release of small amounts of carbon dioxide (several
hundreds ppm), which are typical for the scope of anthropogenic emission,
does not influence the global temperature of Earth�s atmosphere.
References
Arrhenius, S. 1896. On influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the
temperature of the ground. Phil. Mag. 41:237�276
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Arrhenius could not distinguish CO2 from carbonic acid. Blame Arrhenius for
stupid greenhouse theory.