excerpt
Today, 250 million Chinese rely on solar energy for their domestic hot
water; 90 percent of Israeli homes are equipped with solar hot water
heaters; and Germany has more than 26 gigawatts of installed
photovoltaic capacity.
By comparison, current industry figures place U.S. installed
photovoltaic capacity near 7.2 gigawatts.
Then, beginning in the mid- to late 1990s a very important thing
happened � the United States began to reawaken to the potential of
solar energy.
This reawakening can be traced to number of factors including
technological breakthroughs, the widespread availability of silicon
solar cells, the rising cost of gasoline and other fossil fuels and
the adverse environmental impact of conventional power plants.
Solar was "hot" again and, thanks to an abundance of sunshine and
entrepreneurs, much of this reawakening took place in California.
In 2003 I moved to California and accepted a faculty position at the
newest campus in the University of California system, UC Merced. It
was an opportunity to establish a dedicated solar lab at a start-up
campus in a state that was rapidly embracing solar energy, and I
couldn't pass it up.
Almost immediately, I began collaborating with a group of Silicon
Valley entrepreneurs to develop concentrating photovoltaic and thermal
systems, and my solar lab was up and running.
Shortly thereafter, we received very generous contributions from Sarah
Kurtz and an anonymous donor. These funds enabled us to further push
these technologies toward commercialization.
I knew I was in the right place, and the numbers support that
perception.
According to a recent report by the Solar Energy Industries
Association, in 2012 California became the first state to install more
than 1 gigawatts of solar capacity in a single year, continuing a
trend that has seen the total amount of installed capacity in the
state virtually double each year since 2009.
California is leading the way, but other states are not far behind.
Arizona, for example, installed 710 megawatts in 2012, and New Jersey
took third place with 415 megawatts installed.
This rapid growth in the U.S. solar market is driven by a combination
of lower prices for solar systems, the desire to reduce carbon
emissions, an overall acceptance of the technology by the finance
sector and the desire for energy independence.
But the more we embrace solar energy as a nation, the more we come to
realize there are still opportunities for innovation and the more we
understand just where those opportunities lie.
System costs must continue their downward trajectory, the
environmental impact of the manufacturing and disposal processes must
be minimized, the effects of intermittency must be reduced, the impact
of large solar resources on the energy grid must be better understood
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