Despite the politically idiotic reply from Ken, residential scale solar is generally a bad idea:
a) It is NOT free. Just for giggles, I responded to such an ad for Pennsylvania. That "Free" installation would have cost me $35,000 at 2.5% interest over 20 years. The shill explained very carefully to me that "Free" meant "No Money Down".
b) Most of these ads claim that it increases the value of the house it is on, dollar-for-dollar. So, I asked my insurance agent about that. His statement: It does increase your value over the first 8 - 10 years, by about half the installed value. But it will increase your premium by about 20% to as much as 35%.
c) It is a depreciating asset, with, essentially NO value after roughly 20 years. I am unclear on the tax implications of that (there may be some).
d) After that roughly 20 years, it becomes an increasing liability - as it reaches the end-of-service life, removal and disposal is a cost.
e) Single grid-tie inverters (one inverter for the entire array) have a general service-life in a residential application of about 10-12 years. At which point, they must be replaced. Micro-inverters (one on each panel) about 1/2 to 1/3 of that.
f) Only the tax subsidy makes it practical and brings the 'payback' into the under-12-year range. And that subsidy comes at the expense of other taxpayers.
g) At no point in the shill was any sort of maintenance mentioned. Keep in mind that a solar panel consists of many cells. These cells are connected in a series-parallel arrangement such that if any one cell in a group is compromised - snow, leaves, dirt, bird-poop (yes, bird poop), that entire group is off-line. Here in Pennsylvania, maintenance would entail leaf removal quite often, in our neighborhood anyway.
h) Generation figures are generally based on ideal conditions - that is full sunlight, at the equator, with the panels at a clean right-angle to the sun. North of the Tropic of Cancer, summer levels gradually increase as one goes north - with winter levels decreasing. And solar angles change as well.
i) Of course, the sun does not shine at night. For an additional $15,000, I could have had a battery array (Tesla) to store power as-needed. With, roughly, a 10-year system life.
j) These are just the obvious issues.
So, if you are ever approached by a solar sales person - and are into a bit of sadism - state that you are VERY interested, but you would like the individual to present the "Full LIFETIME Cost" of the installation, to include:
1. The source and cost of the panels, including the cost of transportation FOB the jobsite.
2. The cost of cleaning up the mining wastes and disposal of that material.
3. The cost of the racking and mounting system as above.
4. The cost of a new roof (if the existing roof is more than 10 years old, or unsuitable for solar panels).
5. The cost of the inverter(s) as above. And the guaranteed minimum service-life for the inverters.
6. The cost of installation and tying into the grid.
7. The expected service life of the system.
8. The (presumably) guaranteed minimum generation over that time.
10. The cost of removal and proper disposition, to include an allowance for roof repairs (and there will be those costs).
All of the above in 2022 dollars, of course.
Now do a "Time-Value-Of-Money calculation on that total over 20 years, use 4% for inflation (interest rate). Using that $35,000 estimated cost, were I to put that in a bank at 4%, it would be worth $76,689.31 in 20 years. If I made $200/month deposits to a savings account at 2.5%, it would be worth $62,839.86.
Questions to ask yourself:
* Is the cost of the system spread over 20 years anticipated to be more, or less, than my electric-only energy bill? You are replacing one cost with another - so it is best to know what that cost is, in reality.
* There is a cost to be connected to the grid in any case. How much is that cost?
* Which would you rather have in 20 years? A lump of cash, or a lump of nearly-expired solar panels?