H2O2 + Bleach-Chemiluminescent Reaction
Farooq W
its red luminescence. I have tried several times with ordinary 3%
peroxide with liquid chlorine bleach, in *complete* darkness, only to
hear brisk effervescence. I finally think that household bleach and
peroxide contain quenchers which could the stabilizers added to it. Has
anybody else experienced observing the red glow from the two or one
needs extra pure reagents for it.
donald haarmann
---------
Bench test? No. However I do have all 4 volumes of Bassam Z. Shakhashiri's, Chemical
Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry.
Vol. 1
2.1
Singlet Molecular Oxygen.
"The red chemiluminescence's of singlet molecular oxygen can be observed when aqueous
solutions of Cl2 (or hypochlorite ion) and hydrogen peroxide are mixed. .... Several procedural
variations, some involving added sensitizers to enhance and prolong emission, are described."
Violanthrone in dichlormethane is suggested as a sensitizer for both the Cl2 and hypochlorite
procedures.
NB 30% H2O2 is used.
--
donald j haarmann
-------------------------------
The way to capture a student's attention is
with a demonstration where the is a possibility
the teacher may die.
Jearl Walker Cleveland State University.
John Decker
says...
Brief chemiluminescence for demonstration purposes in a graduated cylinder or
test tube can be
produced by combining Natural (not synthetic) Bergamot oil with Hydrogen
Peroxide and then Sodium
Hypochlorite (Beach). I do not remember the exact measurements of each substance
but this
combination can be used in the place of Luminol when it is not obtainable. The
reaction, however, is
not as bright or enduring as Luminol oxidation.
JD
Mark Thorson
>
> Brief chemiluminescence for demonstration purposes in
> a graduated cylinder or test tube can be
> produced by combining Natural (not synthetic) Bergamot oil
> with Hydrogen Peroxide and then Sodium
> Hypochlorite (Beach).
Geez, I just caught a bergamot in my rat-trap yesterday,
but I threw it away. I wish I had known it was useful
for something! :-)
But seriously folks . . . what's special about bergamot
oil that some other more easily accessible oil would
not do?
John Decker
My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%)
in Bergamot oil is the
compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
triplet state quantum yield of
about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of
oxygen. The oxidation
resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may
yield the necessary high
concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes
may also yield brief but
weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
In order for the reaction to take place, the Bergamot oil must be naturally
plant extracted, usually by
steam distillation, not synthetically produced. If I can find any more
information about
chemiluminescence and Bergamot oil, I will post to this group..
JD
Farooq W
John Decker wrote:
> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%)
> in Bergamot oil is the
> compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
> triplet state quantum yield of
> about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of
> oxygen. The oxidation
> resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may
> yield the necessary high
> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes
> may also yield brief but
> weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be detected by eyes?
Do you know which plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
hanson
news:1131086979.3...@z14g2000cwz.googlegroups.com...
>
> John Decker wrote:
>> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained
>> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is
>> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
>> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and
>> depends on the initial concentration and presence of
>> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen
>> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high
>> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display.
>> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak
>> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
>
> Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be
> detected by eyes? Do you know which
> plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
>
I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below
the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones
appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where
some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume
coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
>
[Decker]
>> In order for the reaction to take place, the Bergamot oil must
>> be naturally plant extracted, usually by steam distillation, not
>> synthetically produced. If I can find any more information
>> about chemiluminescence and Bergamot oil, I will post to this group..
>> JD
>
If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace
compound found only in the natural version.
BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came
out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a
company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles)
that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough
to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose
fingers went where... ahahaha....
ahahaha...ahahahahanson
Farooq W
hanson wrote:
> "Farooq W" <faro...@gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1131086979.3...@z14g2000cwz.googlegroups.com...
> >
> > John Decker wrote:
> >> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained
> >> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is
> >> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
> >> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and
> >> depends on the initial concentration and presence of
> >> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen
> >> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high
> >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display.
> >> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak
> >> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
> >
> [Fraooq]
> > Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be
> > detected by eyes? Do you know which
> > plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
> >
> [hanson]
> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below
> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones
> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where
> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume
> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
> >
A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the famous KMnO4 +
oxalic acid reaction, though never observed practically
> [hanson]
> If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace
> compound found only in the natural version.
> BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came
> out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a
> company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles)
> that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough
> to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose
> fingers went where... ahahaha....
Unfortunately, everything in a typical organic lab turns out to a
carcinogen some 50 years later. Just to cite an extreme case a
prestigous univ. saftey webpage places glasswool in the carcinogens
list! So not to mention, formalin is also a carcinogen (as listed).
Plus the interesting luminol sythesis involves hydrazine (a carcinogen)
the product luminol is a suspect carcinogen! This turns the fun part of
chemistry into fear of chemistry especially in poorly
equipped/ventilated labs.
BTW, how was haematin isolated from blood?
John Schmitt
Peroxide is normally stabilised with mannitol. Perhaps this is the
problem. AFAIK hypochlorite contains no stabiliser. Perhaps it is time to
get out the barium peroxide and sulphuric acid and, if necessary, sodium
hypochlorite to get pure reagents.
If I remember correctly bromine gives a quite visible light with white
phosphorus. Best conducted under water for obvious reasons.
John Schmitt
--
Using Opera's revolutionary e-mail client: http://www.opera.com/mail/
rek...@gmail.com
> [hanson]
> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below
> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones
> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where
> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume
> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
Probably the case here...I doubt it'll be detectable by your eyes.
When I do experiments with bioluminescing bacteria, the luminometer
(photon counter) will give me readings in the 100000s (plain water will
give a baseline reading of ~12). I was curious so I took the extremely
bioluminescing samples into a pitch black room, and it was still
completely impossible to detect.
Luminol, on the other hand, activated with H2O2 is one of the neatest
things I've ever seen in the lab.
hanson
news:1131086979.3...@z14g2000cwz.googlegroups.com...
>> >
>> > John Decker wrote:
>> >> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained
>> >> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is
>> >> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
>> >> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and
>> >> depends on the initial concentration and presence of
>> >> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen
>> >> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high
>> >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display.
>> >> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak
>> >> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
>> >
>> [Fraooq]
>> > Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be
>> > detected by eyes? Do you know which
>> > plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
>> >
>> [hanson]
>> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below
>> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones
>> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where
>> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume
>> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
>> >
> A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the
> famous KMnO4 + oxalic acid reaction, though never observed
> practically
>
[hanson]
+ Oleum glow in the dark. I seem to recall such an event when
I was a teenager and playing around with all that good stuff,
.... which had to be badly stinky, highly toxic or best of all
be explosive to the touch... to be considered as good stuff!
[*] = nasty irritant (1), explosive (2) dark oil (3), they say.
I can only attest to (3)... as it didn't seem to be more (1)t han
the migraines I got from nitroglycerine, nor more (2) than
fulminated Hg, of which I carried 3-4 oz around for weeks
in a glass bottle with rubber stopper and gave demos with
it in school to the delight of the teachers.... ahahaha...
Yeah, them golden days of chemistry... a magic world!
>
>> [hanson to Decker]
>> If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace
>> compound found only in the natural version.
>> BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came
>> out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a
>> company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles)
>> that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough
>> to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose
>> fingers went where... ahahaha....
>
[Farooq]
> Unfortunately, everything in a typical organic lab turns out to a
> carcinogen some 50 years later. Just to cite an extreme case a
> prestigous univ. saftey webpage places glasswool in the carcinogens
> list! So not to mention, formalin is also a carcinogen (as listed).
> Plus the interesting luminol sythesis involves hydrazine (a carcinogen)
> the product luminol is a suspect carcinogen! This turns the fun part of
> chemistry into fear of chemistry especially in poorly
> equipped/ventilated labs.
>
[hanson]
The latest green shit came last night over TV on Nightline, where
vermiculite is now the subject of a class action suit...
... what's next?.... Talcum, baby powder?... then next, the biggie:
"Household dust", when stirred up by gadgets from mfgrs with
deep pockets: Vacuumcleaner-, electronics firms, mop and fiber
producers etc... There plenty of money around .... ready for green
harvests....
Don't get me going off again on these motherfucking, cocksucking
paranoid green shits who have destroyed more then a generation
of youngsters by/with their wussy/girly dooms-day whining and raping
the taxpayer in the process with all their permit charges, user fees,
enviro surtaxes etc... and with some of the real sharp green turds
siphoning billions off the public trough (superfund) or extorting
billions thru class action suits like the brokobitch, yet giving
nothing in return neither to any possible real victims nor contributing
to public health or safety.... Fuck enviros!... Don't buy any green
products and ALWAYS vote against any candidate who utters the
word "environment".... s/he's only after the environment in your wallet.
>
[Farooq]
> BTW, how was haematin isolated from blood?
>
[hanson]
It happened when I was a high school kid and worked after-hours
in a research lab. IIRC, I had to get 1 gallon "beaten bull's blood"
from the butcher and that was poured into a glass container
containing 10 or 30 gallons of boiling glacial acetic acid.
After stirring for 12-24 hrs, the now brown liquid was filtered
(forgot whether glass frit or paper) and it left after washing
(forgot with what) about 1 oz of shiny black crystals that looked
like KMnO4: Heamatin, Haemin?. --- My mean fucking bossman
told me at the outset that I must stay away from the fumes of the
glacial HAc, because it was bad for the skin.... Of course he was
old and therefore wussy, stupid and didn't know what he was
talking about.... hahahaha.... So, I didn't care when my hands
got into the swaths of HAc fumes while filtering the brew.
Actually, after washing the vinegar smell off my hands, my paws
looked lovely, felt and had the touch of a baby ass. Wonderful!
So, next morning I washed and dried my hands.... and the skin
of my index finger came off like a latex coating... exposing the
red dermis... and then the same happen to all 10 fingers... and
half of the palms... Until that day I had no idea what "raw nerves"
meant..... It was so bad I couln't even tolerate cotton bandages.
But the worst thing was the faint, contemtous smile I got from my
bossman, that heartless old fuck!... But he was a good educator.
He tought me well. I do admitt to that... ahahaha....
However and regardless: ........ Enjoy chemistry... but fuck enviros!
ahahaha... ahahanson
PS: Much, much too late I leaned that plastic surgeons use a
(ten) 10% solution of HAc for professional chemical skin peels
on wilting broads. .... 10%..because they both are wusses.
I used the 100% stuff... ahahaha..
hanson
news:1131120939....@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
>
>> [hanson]
>> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below
>> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones
>> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where
>> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume
>> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
>
> Probably the case here...I doubt it'll be detectable by your eyes.
> When I do experiments with bioluminescing bacteria, the luminometer
> (photon counter) will give me readings in the 100000s (plain water will
> give a baseline reading of ~12). I was curious so I took the extremely
> bioluminescing samples into a pitch black room, and it was still
> completely impossible to detect.
>
ahahaha... well, did you check your forehead and feet with your
luminometer? That would have been the spirit of a real searcher.
Consider the possibilities!..... like checking the afterglow of
pussy and dick... or even before and when at it.... ahahahaha...
You could make a fortune by marketing a new type of sextoy:
the "RFGC".... Reku's fuck glow checker..... ahahaha...
>
[reku]
> Luminol, on the other hand, activated with H2O2 is one of the neatest
> things I've ever seen in the lab.
>
Luminol structure and pontification:
http://cas.bellarmine.edu/chem117a/lab/luminol.htm
Wilco Oelen
these and it simply sucks.
I also did the experiment with 30% H2O2 and swimming pool Ca(ClO)2 with
65% to 70% so-called active chlorine. I took a few ml of H2O2 at the
bottom of a narrow necked erlenmeyer and added a spatula full of the
solid calcium hypochlorite. This results in a very violent fizz and a
beautiful red glowing cloud in the erlenmeyer, which only lasts for a
second or two. Of course you need to do this experiment in the dark. So
be careful, because playing around with these very corrosive chems in
total darkness is not the safest thing to do.
Mark Thorson
> >oil that some other more easily accessible oil would
> >not do?
> ************************************************
> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%)
> in Bergamot oil is the
> compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity.
Would regular coumarin do? Available from
white clover (common weed).
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ethylacetate/coumarin.htm
Also available from the tonka bean, which is
used to make Mexican vanilla extract, however
it is illegal in the U.S.
Farooq W
hanson wrote:
> [Fraooq]
> > A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the
> > famous KMnO4 + oxalic acid reaction, though never observed
> > practically
> >
> [hanson]
> Check whether fumes over Mn2O7 [*] when made from KMnO4
> + Oleum glow in the dark. I seem to recall such an event when
> I was a teenager and playing around with all that good stuff,
> .... which had to be badly stinky, highly toxic or best of all
> be explosive to the touch... to be considered as good stuff!
Long time, I also presumably made this nasty substance when I added
KMnO4 to conc. sulfuric acid which generated purple particulate smoke.
It turned out to be so reactive that a wooden splinter would catch fire
or anything organic would burst into flames.
So an advice: Do not experiment with it in the DARK.
muha
hanson
news:1131175106.4...@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>
Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any
reference to what/which post the poster has answered to?
All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post here:
:::: > please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
That's all. No refs. No who. No headers.
Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too?
I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference
in the hope that I can spot the target.
Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups?
Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays
the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
That then was my gripe of the day.
ahaha... ahahahanson
Frank Saunders, MS-MVP OE
news:zZ4bf.5120$An6.3629@trnddc08
View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation.
--
Frank Saunders, MS-MVP OE
Please respond in Newsgroup only. Do not send email
http://www.fjsmjs.com
Protect your PC
http://www.microsoft.com./athome/security/protect/default.aspx
http://defendingyourmachine.blogspot.com/
hanson
news:e4bX0Nj4...@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl...
> "hanson" <han...@quick.net> wrote in message
> news:zZ4bf.5120$An6.3629@trnddc08
>> "muha" <muha...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
>> news:1131175106.4...@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>>>
>> [hanson]
>> Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any
>> reference to what/which post the poster has answered to?
>> All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post
>> here:
>>>>>>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>>
>> That's all. No refs. No who. No headers.
>> Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too?
>> I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference
>> in the hope that I can spot the target.
>> Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups?
>> Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays
>> the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
>>
>> That then was my gripe of the day.
>> ahaha... ahahahanson
>
> View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation. --
> Frank Saunders, MS-MVP OE
> Please respond in Newsgroup only. Do not send email
> http://www.fjsmjs.com
> Protect your PC
> http://www.microsoft.com./athome/security/protect/default.aspx
> http://defendingyourmachine.blogspot.com/
>
> View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation.
There were a few posters (Bruce Sinclair et al) in the past
who complained about the same issue. It might well be that
it has nothing to do with the system, but everything with
the laziness of the posters or even with the cowardice of
some posters who like to mask their identify when they
post one liners that only show up as: "he is stupid"
Well, I guess one has to go with the flow and enjoy it.
Thanks again, Frank
hanson
Charlie Tame
have come to these servers are a result of a "Glitch" somewhere. This
explains why they are totally unconnected to anything, the links they would
refer to for threading are not on these servers.
As to whether hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite produce
chemiluminescence when mixed according to the "Recipe" I don't know, but you
can hit them with a laser to whiten your teeth :)
Charlie
"hanson" <han...@quick.net> wrote in message
news:Lp7bf.2897$6M6.831@trnddc04...
dlzc1 D:cox T:net@nospam.com N:dlzc D:aol T:com (dlzc)
"hanson" <han...@quick.net> wrote in message
news:zZ4bf.5120$An6.3629@trnddc08...
> "muha" <muha...@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1131175106.4...@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
...
> That's all. No refs. No who. No headers.
> Does anyone else experience that same irritating
> situation too?
In posting from google.groups (as "muha" did), there is a
procedure one has to follow to get the "continuity" information
to carry into "your" post.
He was apparently responding to your post yesterday of 12:33,
which I see by View->Current View->Show all messages.
David A. Smith
hanson
news:1131175106.4...@g47g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>
[hanson]
I almost forget to answer your literally "bloody" query.
I do assume that you do mean a recipe for the following:
--------- start of original post ----------
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.chem/msg/8597e6e606a542d1
--------- end of original post ----------
>
[hanson]
Muha, that's pretty much all I remember! I might have that
lab record book in some dusty steamer trunk stuffed away
God only knows where. Sorry.
But dig into any of these current records in here:
320 hits for == Haematin + Glacial Acetic acid == or
223 hits for == Preparation Haematin + Glacial Acetic acid. == i.e.
http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/haematoxylon.html
Take care, dude,
hanson
John Decker
says...
>
>
>John Decker wrote:
>>My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%)
>> in Bergamot oil is the
>> compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a
>> triplet state quantum yield of
>>about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of
>> oxygen. The oxidation
>> resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may
>> yield the necessary high
>> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes
>> may also yield brief but
>> weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
>
>Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be detected by eyes?
>Do you know which plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
<snip>
Farooq....
During the 1950's, while in high school, I remember a teacher using natural
bergamot oil as a
component in a mixture that demonstrated chemiluminescence which lasted about 5
to 8 seconds when
everyones eyes became adjusted to the darkness.
However, I presently cannot find any further information about the exact mixture
that was used. You
might consider experimenting with combinations of natural bergamot oil, hydrogen
peroxide, sodium
hypochlorite, alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide and note any
luminescence after your eyes
have become adjusted to darkness.
Below is a simple chemiluminescence demonstration using Legumes that can be
detected by students in
class...
Chemiluminescence Demonstration with Lima Beans
Solutions:
1) Hydrogen peroxide solution--10mL of three percent hydrogen peroxide solution
is added to 90mL
of ethyl alcohol.
2) Alcoholic potash solution--5gm of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 75mL of
water and 25mL of
ethyl alcohol is added.
3) Sodium hypochlorite solution--10mL of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is added
to 90mL of water.
Procedure:
Place a few dried Lima beans in 100mL beaker and cover with 50mL of water. After
the beans split, boil
the beans for 15 minutes. Four mL of this hot aqueous extract is poured into a
graduate cylinder. To
this solution add four of the hydrogen peroxide solution and four cc of the
alcoholic potash solution.
Turn out all lights and darking the room and count slowly to twenty-five to get
the eyes adjusted to the
darkness. After this count the mixture of bean solution, peroxide, and alkaline
potash is added to 10mL
of the sodium hypochlorite solution. Light was produced that could be observed
with the unaided
human eye and lasted for about four or five seconds in the second graduate.
[The writer of this demonstration experimented with other legumes that produced
luminescence but
Lima beans produced the best results.]
Source: Johnson, Leroy D. Journal of Chemical Education (1940)Vol 17,
"Chemiluminescence or Cold
Light Investigations" pp.295-296
JD
Farooq W
Thanks. The name "Lima beans" discouraged me initially thinking that it
must be endemic vegetable to US, hence unavailable in this part of the
world. When a google image search was done, of "Phaseolus lunatus" it
looked fimiliar to the vine and its beans that grew in our backyard
sometime ago. Is this the correct scientific name, so that I can search
the market using its local name.
Thanks.
Bob
>
>
>Thanks. The name "Lima beans" discouraged me initially thinking that it
>must be endemic vegetable to US, hence unavailable in this part of the
>world. When a google image search was done, of "Phaseolus lunatus" it
>looked fimiliar to the vine and its beans that grew in our backyard
>sometime ago. Is this the correct scientific name, so that I can search
>the market using its local name.
>
One source says limas are Phaseolus limensis.
But I wouldn't worry much about that. Try whatever beans (or other
legumes) you have, at least to start. The big clue in John's post is
that many legumes worked. We do not know whether the limas worked best
because of the particular strain used, or perhaps even the growing
conditions. If you have some beans that look like limas (flattish,
very light green), ok, but there is no assurance that you would find
that limas are the best.
bob
John Decker
says...
The rest of the article had this to say about Legumes in general and their
abilitiy to produce
chemiluminescence:
"Experiments in which dried split peas, roasted peanuts, and Kentucky Coffee
Tree beans (Gymnoclaudus Canadensis) were used produced similar results, but
the chemiluminescence varied with each legume used. The hulls of several roasted
peanuts were boiled and treated similarly. The resulted solution produced cold
light.
Of the legumes treated the split peas produced the greatest amount of light.
Since the boiling of these legumes was approximately the same there seems to be
evidence that the peas contained more oxidizable material than any of the other
three legumes.
That the peanut hulls should give this reaction may not be strange since reports
from the
United States Department of Agriculture show that the hulls contain a great deal
of nitrogen,
probably bound in one of these complex structures."
Farooq, you might also consult the article below and conduct your own
experiments to ascertain which
Legumes native to your country produce the greatest luminosity and duration of
light.
1) Cottman, Evans W. "Cold Light brought into the Classroom" Journal of Chemical
Education. vol 14, p.
236 (1937)
JD
Farooq W
Thank you very much for the two references; I have made the photocopies
of them. They are very interesting, using household chemicals. the
author also observed tea, coffee etc. to be luminescent. The synthesis
of lophine suggested there is also very easy! Sadly, Lima beans are
out-of season now :-(