The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite is quite famous for its red luminescence. I have tried several times with ordinary 3% peroxide with liquid chlorine bleach, in *complete* darkness, only to hear brisk effervescence. I finally think that household bleach and peroxide contain quenchers which could the stabilizers added to it. Has anybody else experienced observing the red glow from the two or one needs extra pure reagents for it.
| The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite is quite famous for | its red luminescence. I have tried several times with ordinary 3% | peroxide with liquid chlorine bleach, in *complete* darkness, only to | hear brisk effervescence. I finally think that household bleach and | peroxide contain quenchers which could the stabilizers added to it. Has | anybody else experienced observing the red glow from the two or one | needs extra pure reagents for it.
--------- Bench test? No. However I do have all 4 volumes of Bassam Z. Shakhashiri's, Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry.
Vol. 1 2.1 Singlet Molecular Oxygen.
"The red chemiluminescence's of singlet molecular oxygen can be observed when aqueous solutions of Cl2 (or hypochlorite ion) and hydrogen peroxide are mixed. .... Several procedural variations, some involving added sensitizers to enhance and prolong emission, are described."
Violanthrone in dichlormethane is suggested as a sensitizer for both the Cl2 and hypochlorite procedures.
NB 30% H2O2 is used.
-- donald j haarmann ------------------------------- The way to capture a student's attention is with a demonstration where the is a possibility the teacher may die. Jearl Walker Cleveland State University.
In article <1131031579.229087.301...@g44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, Farooq W says...
>The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite is quite famous for >its red luminescence. I have tried several times with ordinary 3% >peroxide with liquid chlorine bleach, in *complete* darkness, only to >hear brisk effervescence. I finally think that household bleach and >peroxide contain quenchers which could the stabilizers added to it. Has >anybody else experienced observing the red glow from the two or one >needs extra pure reagents for it.
####################################
Brief chemiluminescence for demonstration purposes in a graduated cylinder or test tube can be produced by combining Natural (not synthetic) Bergamot oil with Hydrogen Peroxide and then Sodium Hypochlorite (Beach). I do not remember the exact measurements of each substance but this combination can be used in the place of Luminol when it is not obtainable. The reaction, however, is not as bright or enduring as Luminol oxidation.
> Brief chemiluminescence for demonstration purposes in > a graduated cylinder or test tube can be > produced by combining Natural (not synthetic) Bergamot oil > with Hydrogen Peroxide and then Sodium > Hypochlorite (Beach).
Geez, I just caught a bergamot in my rat-trap yesterday, but I threw it away. I wish I had known it was useful for something! :-)
But seriously folks . . . what's special about bergamot oil that some other more easily accessible oil would not do?
>> Brief chemiluminescence for demonstration purposes in >> a graduated cylinder or test tube can be >> produced by combining Natural (not synthetic) Bergamot oil >> with Hydrogen Peroxide and then Sodium >> Hypochlorite (Beach).
>Geez, I just caught a bergamot in my rat-trap yesterday, >but I threw it away. I wish I had known it was useful >for something! :-)
>But seriously folks . . . what's special about bergamot >oil that some other more easily accessible oil would >not do?
************************************************ My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
In order for the reaction to take place, the Bergamot oil must be naturally plant extracted, usually by steam distillation, not synthetically produced. If I can find any more information about chemiluminescence and Bergamot oil, I will post to this group..
John Decker wrote: > My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) > in Bergamot oil is the > compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a > triplet state quantum yield of > about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of > oxygen. The oxidation > resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may > yield the necessary high > concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes > may also yield brief but > weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be detected by eyes? Do you know which plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
> In order for the reaction to take place, the Bergamot oil must be naturally > plant extracted, usually by > steam distillation, not synthetically produced. If I can find any more > information about > chemiluminescence and Bergamot oil, I will post to this group..
> John Decker wrote: >> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained >> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is >> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a >> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and >> depends on the initial concentration and presence of >> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen >> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. >> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak >> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
[Fraooq] > Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be > detected by eyes? Do you know which > plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
[hanson] I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
[Decker] >> In order for the reaction to take place, the Bergamot oil must >> be naturally plant extracted, usually by steam distillation, not >> synthetically produced. If I can find any more information >> about chemiluminescence and Bergamot oil, I will post to this group.. >> JD
[hanson] If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace compound found only in the natural version. BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles) that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose fingers went where... ahahaha.... ahahaha...ahahahahanson
> > John Decker wrote: > >> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained > >> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is > >> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a > >> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and > >> depends on the initial concentration and presence of > >> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen > >> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high > >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. > >> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak > >> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
> [Fraooq] > > Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be > > detected by eyes? Do you know which > > plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
> [hanson] > I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below > the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones > appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where > some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume > coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the famous KMnO4 + oxalic acid reaction, though never observed practically
> [hanson] > If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace > compound found only in the natural version. > BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came > out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a > company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles) > that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough > to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose > fingers went where... ahahaha....
Unfortunately, everything in a typical organic lab turns out to a carcinogen some 50 years later. Just to cite an extreme case a prestigous univ. saftey webpage places glasswool in the carcinogens list! So not to mention, formalin is also a carcinogen (as listed). Plus the interesting luminol sythesis involves hydrazine (a carcinogen) the product luminol is a suspect carcinogen! This turns the fun part of chemistry into fear of chemistry especially in poorly equipped/ventilated labs.
On Thu, 03 Nov 2005 15:26:19 -0000, Farooq W <faroo...@gmail.com> wrote: > The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with hypochlorite is quite famous for > its red luminescence. I have tried several times with ordinary 3% > peroxide with liquid chlorine bleach, in *complete* darkness, only to > hear brisk effervescence. I finally think that household bleach and > peroxide contain quenchers which could the stabilizers added to it. Has > anybody else experienced observing the red glow from the two or one > needs extra pure reagents for it.
Peroxide is normally stabilised with mannitol. Perhaps this is the problem. AFAIK hypochlorite contains no stabiliser. Perhaps it is time to get out the barium peroxide and sulphuric acid and, if necessary, sodium hypochlorite to get pure reagents.
If I remember correctly bromine gives a quite visible light with white phosphorus. Best conducted under water for obvious reasons.
> [hanson] > I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below > the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones > appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where > some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume > coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
Probably the case here...I doubt it'll be detectable by your eyes. When I do experiments with bioluminescing bacteria, the luminometer (photon counter) will give me readings in the 100000s (plain water will give a baseline reading of ~12). I was curious so I took the extremely bioluminescing samples into a pitch black room, and it was still completely impossible to detect.
Luminol, on the other hand, activated with H2O2 is one of the neatest things I've ever seen in the lab.
>> > John Decker wrote: >> >> My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained >> >> (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) in Bergamot oil is the compound that is >> >> responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a >> >> triplet state quantum yield of about 0.37 is involved and >> >> depends on the initial concentration and presence of >> >> oxygen. The oxidation resulting from the reaction of hydrogen >> >> peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may yield the necessary high >> >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. >> >> Plant legumes may also yield brief but weak >> >> chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
>> [Fraooq] >> > Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be >> > detected by eyes? Do you know which >> > plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
>> [hanson] >> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below >> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones >> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where >> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume >> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
[Fraooq] > A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the > famous KMnO4 + oxalic acid reaction, though never observed > practically
[hanson] Check whether fumes over Mn2O7 [*] when made from KMnO4 + Oleum glow in the dark. I seem to recall such an event when I was a teenager and playing around with all that good stuff, .... which had to be badly stinky, highly toxic or best of all be explosive to the touch... to be considered as good stuff!
[*] = nasty irritant (1), explosive (2) dark oil (3), they say. I can only attest to (3)... as it didn't seem to be more (1)t han the migraines I got from nitroglycerine, nor more (2) than fulminated Hg, of which I carried 3-4 oz around for weeks in a glass bottle with rubber stopper and gave demos with it in school to the delight of the teachers.... ahahaha... Yeah, them golden days of chemistry... a magic world!
>> [hanson to Decker] >> If so, then that suggests that it is not Bergamot oil but a trace >> compound found only in the natural version. >> BTW: The strongest chemoluminescene that I ever saw came >> out of a mix (IIRC) of Haematin, H2O2 and Formalin. For a >> company festivity we produced ~ 30 gallons (into 1 lt bottles) >> that glowed in an eerie green for over an hour and strong enough >> to light up the dance hall... sufficiently... not to cover up whose >> fingers went where... ahahaha....
[Farooq] > Unfortunately, everything in a typical organic lab turns out to a > carcinogen some 50 years later. Just to cite an extreme case a > prestigous univ. saftey webpage places glasswool in the carcinogens > list! So not to mention, formalin is also a carcinogen (as listed). > Plus the interesting luminol sythesis involves hydrazine (a carcinogen) > the product luminol is a suspect carcinogen! This turns the fun part of > chemistry into fear of chemistry especially in poorly > equipped/ventilated labs.
[hanson] The latest green shit came last night over TV on Nightline, where vermiculite is now the subject of a class action suit... ... what's next?.... Talcum, baby powder?... then next, the biggie: "Household dust", when stirred up by gadgets from mfgrs with deep pockets: Vacuumcleaner-, electronics firms, mop and fiber producers etc... There plenty of money around .... ready for green harvests....
Don't get me going off again on these motherfucking, cocksucking paranoid green shits who have destroyed more then a generation of youngsters by/with their wussy/girly dooms-day whining and raping the taxpayer in the process with all their permit charges, user fees, enviro surtaxes etc... and with some of the real sharp green turds siphoning billions off the public trough (superfund) or extorting billions thru class action suits like the brokobitch, yet giving nothing in return neither to any possible real victims nor contributing to public health or safety.... Fuck enviros!... Don't buy any green products and ALWAYS vote against any candidate who utters the word "environment".... s/he's only after the environment in your wallet.
[Farooq] > BTW, how was haematin isolated from blood?
[hanson] It happened when I was a high school kid and worked after-hours in a research lab. IIRC, I had to get 1 gallon "beaten bull's blood" from the butcher and that was poured into a glass container containing 10 or 30 gallons of boiling glacial acetic acid. After stirring for 12-24 hrs, the now brown liquid was filtered (forgot whether glass frit or paper) and it left after washing (forgot with what) about 1 oz of shiny black crystals that looked like KMnO4: Heamatin, Haemin?. --- My mean fucking bossman told me at the outset that I must stay away from the fumes of the glacial HAc, because it was bad for the skin.... Of course he was old and therefore wussy, stupid and didn't know what he was talking about.... hahahaha.... So, I didn't care when my hands got into the swaths of HAc fumes while filtering the brew. Actually, after washing the vinegar smell off my hands, my paws looked lovely, felt and had the touch of a baby ass. Wonderful! So, next morning I washed and dried my hands.... and the skin of my index finger came off like a latex coating... exposing the red dermis... and then the same happen to all 10 fingers... and half of the palms... Until that day I had no idea what "raw nerves" meant..... It was so bad I couln't even tolerate cotton bandages. But the worst thing was the faint, contemtous smile I got from my bossman, that heartless old fuck!... But he was a good educator. He tought me well. I do admitt to that... ahahaha.... However and regardless: ........ Enjoy chemistry... but fuck enviros! ahahaha... ahahanson
PS: Much, much too late I leaned that plastic surgeons use a (ten) 10% solution of HAc for professional chemical skin peels on wilting broads. .... 10%..because they both are wusses. I used the 100% stuff... ahahaha..
>> [hanson] >> I appears that a lot of bio systems do chemilum below >> the limits of natural eye detection. One of the funnier ones >> appeared in a very recent Discover Magazine issue where >> some (IIRC) Chinese researcher measured weak biolume >> coming from peoples' forehead and the soles of their feet.
[reku] > Probably the case here...I doubt it'll be detectable by your eyes. > When I do experiments with bioluminescing bacteria, the luminometer > (photon counter) will give me readings in the 100000s (plain water will > give a baseline reading of ~12). I was curious so I took the extremely > bioluminescing samples into a pitch black room, and it was still > completely impossible to detect.
[hanson] ahahaha... well, did you check your forehead and feet with your luminometer? That would have been the spirit of a real searcher. Consider the possibilities!..... like checking the afterglow of pussy and dick... or even before and when at it.... ahahahaha... You could make a fortune by marketing a new type of sextoy: the "RFGC".... Reku's fuck glow checker..... ahahaha...
[reku] > Luminol, on the other hand, activated with H2O2 is one of the neatest > things I've ever seen in the lab.
The concentration of your reagents simply is too low. I also tried with these and it simply sucks.
I also did the experiment with 30% H2O2 and swimming pool Ca(ClO)2 with 65% to 70% so-called active chlorine. I took a few ml of H2O2 at the bottom of a narrow necked erlenmeyer and added a spatula full of the solid calcium hypochlorite. This results in a very violent fizz and a beautiful red glowing cloud in the erlenmeyer, which only lasts for a second or two. Of course you need to do this experiment in the dark. So be careful, because playing around with these very corrosive chems in total darkness is not the safest thing to do.
> In article <436ABC8F.21FA9...@sonic.net>, Mark Thorson says...
> >But seriously folks . . . what's special about bergamot > >oil that some other more easily accessible oil would > >not do? > ************************************************ > My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) > in Bergamot oil is the > compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity.
Would regular coumarin do? Available from white clover (common weed).
hanson wrote: > [Fraooq] > > A recent paper claims weak chemiluminescence from the > > famous KMnO4 + oxalic acid reaction, though never observed > > practically
> [hanson] > Check whether fumes over Mn2O7 [*] when made from KMnO4 > + Oleum glow in the dark. I seem to recall such an event when > I was a teenager and playing around with all that good stuff, > .... which had to be badly stinky, highly toxic or best of all > be explosive to the touch... to be considered as good stuff!
Long time, I also presumably made this nasty substance when I added KMnO4 to conc. sulfuric acid which generated purple particulate smoke. It turned out to be so reactive that a wooden splinter would catch fire or anything organic would burst into flames.
So an advice: Do not experiment with it in the DARK.
> [*] = nasty irritant (1), explosive (2) dark oil (3), they say. > I can only attest to (3)... as it didn't seem to be more (1)t han > the migraines I got from nitroglycerine, nor more (2) than > fulminated Hg, of which I carried 3-4 oz around for weeks > in a glass bottle with rubber stopper and gave demos with > it in school to the delight of the teachers.... ahahaha... > Yeah, them golden days of chemistry... a magic world!
[hanson] Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any reference to what/which post the poster has answered to? All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post here:
:::: > please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
That's all. No refs. No who. No headers. Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too? I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference in the hope that I can spot the target. Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups? Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
That then was my gripe of the day. ahaha... ahahahanson
> [hanson] > Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any > reference to what/which post the poster has answered to? > All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post > here:
>>>>>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
> That's all. No refs. No who. No headers. > Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too? > I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference > in the hope that I can spot the target. > Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups? > Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays > the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
> That then was my gripe of the day. > ahaha... ahahahanson
View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation.
>> [hanson] >> Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any >> reference to what/which post the poster has answered to? >> All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post >> here: >>>>>>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>> That's all. No refs. No who. No headers. >> Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too? >> I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference >> in the hope that I can spot the target. >> Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups? >> Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays >> the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
>> That then was my gripe of the day. >> ahaha... ahahahanson
> View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation.
is not the cause. Your post came thru' with nym and post ID. There were a few posters (Bruce Sinclair et al) in the past who complained about the same issue. It might well be that it has nothing to do with the system, but everything with the laziness of the posters or even with the cowardice of some posters who like to mask their identify when they post one liners that only show up as: "he is stupid" Well, I guess one has to go with the flow and enjoy it. Thanks again, Frank hanson
Some of the posts you may have seen with silly content and titles appear to have come to these servers are a result of a "Glitch" somewhere. This explains why they are totally unconnected to anything, the links they would refer to for threading are not on these servers.
As to whether hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite produce chemiluminescence when mixed according to the "Recipe" I don't know, but you can hit them with a laser to whiten your teeth :)
>>> [hanson] >>> Is it my setup in OE6/XP that most/all posts appear without any >>> reference to what/which post the poster has answered to? >>> All I get now for the past 2-3 months, are displays like in this post >>> here: >>>>>>>> please, do you have the exact recepie? Thanx
>>> That's all. No refs. No who. No headers. >>> Does anyone else experience that same irritating situation too? >>> I am not about into "properties" and onto a search for the reference >>> in the hope that I can spot the target. >>> Does this occur because muha posted via googlegroups? >>> Then there is also the nasty google habit which displays >>> the myms recently only as (in this case) muh....@hotmail.com
>>> That then was my gripe of the day. >>> ahaha... ahahahanson
> Thanks Frank. But, "no" that >> View | Current View | Group Messages by conversation. > is not the cause. Your post came thru' with nym and post ID. > There were a few posters (Bruce Sinclair et al) in the past > who complained about the same issue. It might well be that > it has nothing to do with the system, but everything with > the laziness of the posters or even with the cowardice of > some posters who like to mask their identify when they > post one liners that only show up as: "he is stupid" > Well, I guess one has to go with the flow and enjoy it. > Thanks again, Frank > hanson
[hanson] In all the fun, fury and fluff over those wonderful green issues I almost forget to answer your literally "bloody" query. I do assume that you do mean a recipe for the following:
[Farooq] > BTW, how was haematin isolated from blood?
[hanson] It happened when I was a high school kid and worked after-hours in a research lab. IIRC, I had to get 1 gallon "beaten bull's blood" from the butcher and that was poured into a glass container containing 10 or 30 gallons of boiling glacial acetic acid. After stirring for 12-24 hrs, the now brown liquid was filtered (forgot whether glass frit or paper) and it left after washing (forgot with what) about 1 oz of shiny black crystals that looked like KMnO4: Heamatin, Haemin?. --- My mean fucking bossman told me at the outset that I must stay away from the fumes of the glacial HAc, because it was bad for the skin.... Of course he was old and therefore wussy, stupid and didn't know what he was talking about.... hahahaha.... So, I didn't care when my hands got into the swaths of HAc fumes while filtering the brew. Actually, after washing the vinegar smell off my hands, my paws looked lovely, felt and had the touch of a baby ass. Wonderful! So, next morning I washed and dried my hands.... and the skin of my index finger came off like a latex coating... exposing the red dermis... and then the same happen to all 10 fingers... and half of the palms... Until that day I had no idea what "raw nerves" meant..... It was so bad I couln't even tolerate cotton bandages. But the worst thing was the faint, contemtous smile I got from my bossman, that heartless old fuck!... But he was a good educator. He tought me well. I do admitt to that... ahahaha.... However and regardless: ........ Enjoy chemistry... but fuck enviros! ahahaha... ahahanson
PS: Much, much too late I leaned that plastic surgeons use a (ten) 10% solution of HAc for professional chemical skin peels on wilting broads. .... 10%..because they both are wusses. I used the 100% stuff... ahahaha..
--------- end of original post ----------
[hanson] Muha, that's pretty much all I remember! I might have that lab record book in some dusty steamer trunk stuffed away God only knows where. Sorry. But dig into any of these current records in here: 320 hits for == Haematin + Glacial Acetic acid == or 223 hits for == Preparation Haematin + Glacial Acetic acid. == i.e. http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/haematoxylon.html
>John Decker wrote: >>My best guess is that furocoumarin (bergamottin) contained (high as 0.2 to 0.5%) >> in Bergamot oil is the >> compound that is responsible for its photochemical activity. In ethanol, a >> triplet state quantum yield of >>about 0.37 is involved and depends on the initial concentration and presence of >> oxygen. The oxidation >> resulting from the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite may >> yield the necessary high >> concentration of oxygen to initiate the brief luminous display. Plant legumes >> may also yield brief but >> weak chemiluminescence when suitably oxidized.
>Thats interesting! Is the chemlumin. too weak to be detected by eyes? >Do you know which plant legume (or the extract) show this behaviour?
<snip>
Farooq....
During the 1950's, while in high school, I remember a teacher using natural bergamot oil as a component in a mixture that demonstrated chemiluminescence which lasted about 5 to 8 seconds when everyones eyes became adjusted to the darkness.
However, I presently cannot find any further information about the exact mixture that was used. You might consider experimenting with combinations of natural bergamot oil, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide and note any luminescence after your eyes have become adjusted to darkness.
Below is a simple chemiluminescence demonstration using Legumes that can be detected by students in class...
Chemiluminescence Demonstration with Lima Beans
Solutions: 1) Hydrogen peroxide solution--10mL of three percent hydrogen peroxide solution is added to 90mL of ethyl alcohol. 2) Alcoholic potash solution--5gm of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 75mL of water and 25mL of ethyl alcohol is added. 3) Sodium hypochlorite solution--10mL of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is added to 90mL of water.
Procedure: Place a few dried Lima beans in 100mL beaker and cover with 50mL of water. After the beans split, boil the beans for 15 minutes. Four mL of this hot aqueous extract is poured into a graduate cylinder. To this solution add four of the hydrogen peroxide solution and four cc of the alcoholic potash solution.
Turn out all lights and darking the room and count slowly to twenty-five to get the eyes adjusted to the darkness. After this count the mixture of bean solution, peroxide, and alkaline potash is added to 10mL of the sodium hypochlorite solution. Light was produced that could be observed with the unaided human eye and lasted for about four or five seconds in the second graduate.
[The writer of this demonstration experimented with other legumes that produced luminescence but Lima beans produced the best results.]
Source: Johnson, Leroy D. Journal of Chemical Education (1940)Vol 17, "Chemiluminescence or Cold Light Investigations" pp.295-296
> During the 1950's, while in high school, I remember a teacher using natural > bergamot oil as a > component in a mixture that demonstrated chemiluminescence which lasted about 5 > to 8 seconds when > everyones eyes became adjusted to the darkness.
> However, I presently cannot find any further information about the exact mixture > that was used. You > might consider experimenting with combinations of natural bergamot oil, hydrogen > peroxide, sodium > hypochlorite, alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide and note any > luminescence after your eyes > have become adjusted to darkness.
> Below is a simple chemiluminescence demonstration using Legumes that can be > detected by students in > class...
> Chemiluminescence Demonstration with Lima Beans
> Solutions: > 1) Hydrogen peroxide solution--10mL of three percent hydrogen peroxide solution > is added to 90mL > of ethyl alcohol. > 2) Alcoholic potash solution--5gm of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 75mL of > water and 25mL of > ethyl alcohol is added. > 3) Sodium hypochlorite solution--10mL of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is added > to 90mL of water.
> Procedure: > Place a few dried Lima beans in 100mL beaker and cover with 50mL of water. After > the beans split, boil > the beans for 15 minutes. Four mL of this hot aqueous extract is poured into a > graduate cylinder. To > this solution add four of the hydrogen peroxide solution and four cc of the > alcoholic potash solution.
> Turn out all lights and darking the room and count slowly to twenty-five to get > the eyes adjusted to the > darkness. After this count the mixture of bean solution, peroxide, and alkaline > potash is added to 10mL > of the sodium hypochlorite solution. Light was produced that could be observed > with the unaided > human eye and lasted for about four or five seconds in the second graduate.
> [The writer of this demonstration experimented with other legumes that produced > luminescence but > Lima beans produced the best results.]
> Source: Johnson, Leroy D. Journal of Chemical Education (1940)Vol 17, > "Chemiluminescence or Cold > Light Investigations" pp.295-296
Thanks. The name "Lima beans" discouraged me initially thinking that it must be endemic vegetable to US, hence unavailable in this part of the world. When a google image search was done, of "Phaseolus lunatus" it looked fimiliar to the vine and its beans that grew in our backyard sometime ago. Is this the correct scientific name, so that I can search the market using its local name.
On 13 Nov 2005 06:50:35 -0800, "Farooq W" <faroo...@gmail.com> wrote:
>Thanks. The name "Lima beans" discouraged me initially thinking that it >must be endemic vegetable to US, hence unavailable in this part of the >world. When a google image search was done, of "Phaseolus lunatus" it >looked fimiliar to the vine and its beans that grew in our backyard >sometime ago. Is this the correct scientific name, so that I can search >the market using its local name.
One source says limas are Phaseolus limensis.
But I wouldn't worry much about that. Try whatever beans (or other legumes) you have, at least to start. The big clue in John's post is that many legumes worked. We do not know whether the limas worked best because of the particular strain used, or perhaps even the growing conditions. If you have some beans that look like limas (flattish, very light green), ok, but there is no assurance that you would find that limas are the best.
|
