Sneezing can be induced using low intensity electrical current - Three healthy males were tested using intranasal stimulation in different parts of the nose usinga current from an electric pulse generator.

[pautrey2]

Sneezing can be induced using low intensity electrical current -
Three healthy males were tested using intranasal stimulation in
different parts of the nose usinga current from an electric pulse
generator.

http://www.rhinologyjournal.com/abstract.php?id=637
-----------------------


On the sneeze-reflex and its control

Volume: 45 - Issue: 3

Firstpage: 218 - Lastpage: 219

D. Hyd?©n - S. Arlinger
Experiments in cats have shown that sneezing can be induced using low
intensity electrical current. This study focusses on answering the
question whether the sneezing-reflex can also be induced in man
through electrical stimulation, whether it is reproducible, and if the
response can be abolished pharmacologically? Three healthy males were
tested using intranasal stimulation in different parts of the nose
usinga current from an electric pulse generator. Using currents in the
range 2–11 mA, it was possible to induce and reproduce sneezing in the
anterior portion of the nose corresponding to the distribution area of
the anterior ethmoidal nerve. In one tested subject, local
anaesthetics applied to the mucous membranes of the nose abolished the
sneezing.
Sneeze reflex-reduction may be one way to reduce viral contamination
between subjects. Further research could include pharmacological
investigations to identify a sneeze-inhibiting substance with small
risks for side effects that can be added to common cold nasal sprays.
Free Download

[pautrey2]

Sinusitis - The Olfactory Nerve

NIH Guide
Volume 21
Number 42
10-20-1992

The olfactory nerve provides a direct anatomic conduit between the


external chemical environment and the brain. This location puts the


olfactory system at risk for damage from environmental toxicants and


pathogens. These toxic agents comprise the major health hazard to


human olfaction. However, the direct and indirect effects of these


agents on the peripheral and central olfactory system are poorly


understood. The purpose of this Program Announcement (PA) is to
foster


investigator-initiated research fundamental to understanding the
impact


of environmental toxicants and pathogens on the olfactory system. A


broad range of studies extending from the molecular to the behavioral


areas of basic and clinical research is applicable to this PA. The


scope of these areas encompasses the transport of toxic substances
into


the brain through the olfactory nerve; olfactory mucosal defense


mechanisms; neurogenesis; the relation of neurodegenerative diseases,


such as Alzheimer's disease, to olfactory abnormalities induced by


toxic agents; and the vulnerability of an aged olfactory system to


toxic agents.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Assessing Cranial Nerves I

1. Cranial nerve function and neuroforamina # CRANIAL NERVE FUNCTION
APERTURE I OlfactorySpecial sensory (olfaction) Cribriform plate II
OpticSpecial sensory (vision) Optic canal III OculomotorMotor
(superior inferior and medial rectus, inferior oblique) Visceral
motor
(parasympathetic: pupillary constrictor muscles) Superior orbital
fissure IV TrochlearMotor (superior oblique) Superior orbital fissure
V TrigeminalMotor (muscles of mastication) Sensory (head and neck,
sinuses and meninges, tympanic membrane) V1: Superior orbital fissure
V2: foramen rotundum V3: foramen ovale VI AbducensMotor (lateral
rectus muscle). Superior orbital fissure CRANIAL NERVE IThe first two
cranial nerves are actually projections of the telencephalon
(olfactory nerve) and diencephalon (optic nerve), and may thus be
affected by the same diseases which affect the brain. They subserve
the special senses of smell and taste, respectively. From the
olfactory epithelium in the superior aspect of the nasal vault,
olfactory nerve fibers ascend into the cranium via perforations
within
the cribriform plate. Some of these fibers synapse at the mitral and
tufted cells within the olfactory bulb, others pass directly through
to the olfactory nerve. The nerve is situated within the olfactory
groove, interposed between the gyrus rectus and the medial
orbitofrontal gyrus. Just ventral to the anterior perforated
substance, the olfactory nerve trifurcates into medial, intermediate
and lateral striae. Most of the axons travel in the lateral olfactory
stria to the uncus and the entorhinal cortex at the anterior aspect
of the hippocampal gyrus. The medial fibers travel to the medial
olfactory area, which is subjacent to the genu of the corpus
callosum. These neurons interface with the limbic system, and are
thought to mediate the emotional response to olfactory stimulation.
The 3 olfactory areas are interconnected by the diagonal band of
Broca. Pathology located anywhere along the olfactory pathway can
affect this special sense (Table 2). Upper respiratory infections,
usually viral in origin, are a fairly common cause of anosmia. An
obstructed nasal cavity prevents access of aromatic molecules to the
olfactory mucosa, causing anosmia. Both benign and malignant
conditions such as polyposis and tumors may obstruct the nasal vault.
In young patients, rhabdomyosarcoma must be considered if an
aggressive mass is present.
The incidence of esthesioneuroblastoma peaks in the second decade,
with a second peak in older adults. In adolescent
males, juvenile angiofibroma may result in complete obstruction of
the superior nasal vault. Although this lesion is histologically
benign, it frequently presents as a very large, vascular and
aggressive mass.Other sinonasal tumors may produce similar symptoms.
Finally, trauma may cause transection of the olfactory fibers which
traverse the skull base at the level of the cribriform plate,
resulting in acute post- traumatic anosmia. Alternatively, delayed
post-traumatic anosmia may result from cicatrization, or scar
formation, caused by dural tears at this location. Lesions such as
gliomas or infection involving the medial temporal lobes may give
rise to olfactory hallucinations and other symptoms, but they usually
do not cause anosmia

***Inflammatory Upper respiratory infection (viral), sinusitis,***

mucocele, meningitis, polyposis Neoplasm Meningioma, sinonasal
tumors,
nasopharyngeal tumors, Trauma Direct nerve bundle injury, scar
formation (delayed injury)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Excerpts From:
HSV-1 brain infection by the olfactory nerve route and virus latency
and reactivation may cause learning and behavioral deficiencies and
violence in children and adults: A point of view

Journal Virus Genes
Publisher Springer Netherlands
ISSN 0920-8569 (Print) 1572-994X (Online)
Issue Volume 10, Number 3 / October, 1995
DOI 10.1007/BF01701811
Pages 217-226
Subject Collection Biomedical and Life Sciences
SpringerLink Date Monday, June 13, 2005

HSV-1 brain infection by the olfactory nerve route and virus latency
and reactivation may cause learning and behavioral deficiencies and
violence in children and adults: A point of view
Yechiel Becker1


(1) Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology,
Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
Received: 5 February 1995 Accepted: 5 February 1995

Abstract
Two recent studies provided new evidence on the latency of
HSV-1 DNA in 15.5% of olfactory bulbs and in 72.5% of trigeminal
nerves from human corpses at forensic postmortems (1) and in 35% of
40
autopsied human brains (2). In the latter brains, latent HSV-1 DNA
was
found in the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hippocampus, brain stem, and
trigeminal ganglia. Although in these studies it is not known by
which
route HSV-1 entered the olfactory bulbs and brain, experimental
studies in mice (3) revealed that injection of HSV-1 into the
olfactory bulbs leads to virus migration into the brain amygdala and
hippocampus via the olfactory nerve and locus coeruleus. If the
olfactory ciliary nerve epithelium is the port of entry of HSV-1 into
the olfactory bulbs and brain in humans as well, protection of the
nose against HSV-1 infection may be needed to prevent virus latency
in
neurons in the amygdala and hippocampus (3). Infection of humans by
HSV-1 was estimated to increase from 18.2% in the 0-20 year
population
group to 100% in persons older than 60 years (1),

***indicating that worldwide human populations at all ages are at
risk of brain infection by the olfactory nerve route.***

In addition, both primary infection and reactivation of latent DNA in
the brain may lead to damage of neurons in the brain involved in
memory, learning, and behavior, as observed in infected,
acyclovirtreated mice (3). The current introduction of a live
apathogenic varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine to immunize children
against chickenpox (4) may suggest that the time is ripe for
immunization of children and adults against HSV-1 infections,
especially infections by the olfactory nerve route, to prevent
potential brain damage.
Key words HSV-1 - olfactory nerve - brain amygdala and hippocampus -
infection of serotonergic neurons - behavior deficit in children -
learning deficit in children - HSV-1 latency in brain - virus



http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/ayurveda-health-wellbeing/1042181-sinusitis-olfactory-nerve.html

[pautrey2]

On Aug 15, 8:18 pm, pautrey2 <pautrey...@gmail.com> wrote:

Sinus Drainage Methods

http://curezone.com/forums/am.asp?i=1066454


This is an edited post that has appeared in various places on the web.
These methods are effective for sinusitis, colds, flu, mcs, etc. The q-
tip method and electrode placement instructions are at the bottom of
this post. Paul Sinus Drainage Methods I used a Beck blood
electrifier(BE-thumper) with adjustable frequency control the first
time I discovered the area I mentioned applying the q-tips to(Original
Post Below). I do not use the BE in the intended manner and I built my
own. I use 12 gauge silver wire electrodes with wetted cotton flannel
sleeves. I used both 4hz and about 60hz (preferred-frequency where the
optic nerve/eye quits flashing) and started with the lowest current
setting working my way up to a tingling sensation. Apply the
electrodes to the same area as the q- tips but instead of moving them
around vigorously, find a sensitive area and leave them for 15-20
seconds before moving them again. Repeat this interval and/or move
slowly around in the mentioned area. It may take up to 4-5 minutes to
start a violent sneezing attack coupled with the drainage. Be
prepared, I voided what tasted like a virus and it actually gave me
slight cold/flu symptoms while performing this procedure. Keep on
slowly stimulating the area until you quit sneezing. I had a violent
sneezing attack that lasted about 4 minutes before it quit. The first
time I probably voided about a 1/5 cup of salty virus tasting mucus
and I got instant relief. I found doing it several times(2-3) daily
was the best approach. It took about 2 weeks for the virus taste to go
away and the mucus expelled was far less than at the beginning. I
didn't have sinusitis again for several years and I didn't give it
time to set in before attacking it. Two cautions: 1)The drainage may
be contagious, so be careful(CS,GSE,H2O2);2)On a few occasions a small
amount of blood would come out with the mucus but I never had a
running nose bleed and I never worried about it. Clean every thing you
sneeze/sling mucus on. You will probably get your shirt wet with
mucus. Be careful! Don't spread infection!!! I have posted my favorite
electronic method(BK) along with the Beck method on the Google
sinusitis group under the subject, "Sinus Drainage Methods". This
works much better, much faster, you don't need to use it as often or
as long to get the job done, and you can't feel anything. I use a BK
4011A Function Generator(standard electronic test instrument) with the
same electrodes and placement used with the Beck. The settings are:
315Khz and 320Khz(start with one frequency for 5 minutes then go to
the other for same - be patient, sometimes you think it's not going to
work and it takes you by suprise), -20db attenuation(down 20db output-
very important), full positive DC offset, square wave, and full output
level(but down 20db; if you don't do this the output is very
uncomfortable). This is probably more than you wanted to know. The BK
can be ordered from electronics parts houses and probably costs about
$350.00. You can get a Beck schematic off of the internet to build
your own. Most parts can be bought at Radio Shack. You can also find
new and complete Beck units($50.00-$100.00) on the internet. I made my
own electrodes with 12 gauge silver wire and they are about 1.25
inches long. Use cotton cloth covers for the electrodes. I wet the
electrodes with colloidal silver or distilled water. You can find
silver wire on the internet. Good Luck, Paul > Paul, > > Thanks for
the info. What is the electronic method you mentioned? > > Thanks > >
___________________________________________ > Reply to: > > > -----
Original Message ---- > From: rpautrey2 > To: > Sent: > Subject:
Sinusitis/MCS (Sinus Drainage Methods) > >I made a mistake. I have
posted these sinus drainage methods > in several groups but this is
not one of them. For quick sinus relief > try the following: Slide
your finger down the ridge of your nose > until you come to the
junction where bone becomes cartilage. Directly > under your finger at
this junction, on the ceiling of each nostril > are two very sensitive
areas about 3/4" in diameter. Take two wet q- > tips and insert one
into each nostril. Massage the sensitive areas > simultaneously, and
vigorously but gently. Within a few minutes you > will experience a
violent sneezing attack followed by sinus cavity > drainage. Continue
to massage until you get relief. Do this > frequently. I cured my
sinusitis using a similar method (electronic). > It's a good idea to
gargle and rinse your nasal passages with an > alternative antibiotic
like cs or gse to prevent the introduction of > drained infection into
your throat, lungs, etc. Also clean anything > you sneezed on. Paul >


USE AT YOUR OWN RISK!!


http://curezone.com/forums/am.asp?i=1066454

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