On 29/04/2013 1:39 PM, JAAKKO KURHI wrote:
> 'Yousuf Khan[_2_ Wrote:
>> �I assume when you talk about the "recycling concept of the universe",
>> you're talking about a universe that goes from the Big Bang and ends in
>>
>> the Big Crunch, which then leads to another Big Bang? If that's the
>> case, then you've just made case for the Big Bang yourself�.
>
> Yes, I have made the case for billions of Big-Bangs, and the case for
> recycling universe. However, the idea of the recycling universe to work,
> the natural cooling process of the matter has to over come obstacles
> of the laws of thermodynamics and the equation of E=mc�.
>
> This natural cooling theory is based upon the idea that mass is a
> permanent entity, and the energy associated with mass is necessary only
> for matter that is viable and can be detected. Theoretically, an active
> atomic mass can reach the mass only state and exist within the
> environment that is out of reach from the environment of the matter.
> It�s a result of a simple function of the nature, but big challenge
> for the mankind.
I'm afraid you got it backwards. Mass is not the permanent property, it
is energy that is the permanent property, and mass comes from energy,
not vice-versa. E=mc^2 is a statement about how mass comes from energy,
not how energy comes from mass.
When you think about the pantheon of forms of energy that you learned
about in school, you usually hear about kinetic energy (work), potential
energy, and heat. At the same time you are often told that the best form
(highest order) of energy, is that which does pure work (kinetic), and
the lowest order form is heat which does little work. That is because
kinetic energy is highly organized, while heat is highly disorganized.
However, we know from thermodynamics that we can get heat to do some
work for us, but we have to concentrate it into machines that will
concentrate it and organize it well enough to get a little bit of work
done. We may not be able to get the heat organized enough to be 100%
efficient at doing work for us, but we can usually convert somewhere
around 10-30% of the heat into kinetic -- good enough to get some work
done for us.
Think of mass as simply a very special form of energy, a highly
organized form of energy: the highest order energy, even higher order
and more organized than kinetic energy! We've known about kinetic,
potential, and heat energies since the 19th Century, but the 20th
Century taught us that there's one more level of energy which is mass.
At the atomic level, particle masses are even measured with units of
energy, such as the GeV (Giga-electron-Volt), rather than kilograms,
pounds, ounces, etc. Think of mass as a form of energy that's so
organized that it has locked itself up into a single particle. All
particles, including matter particles, are basically pellets of energy.
> When the matter reaches 0 degrees Kelvin, particle activity ceases but
> the mass without the energy still exists, hence, makes recycling
> process possible. Through the natural process of cooling, The subatomic
> particles of an atom � the protons, neutrons and electrons will use up
> the available energy and eventually reach 0K. When the matter reaches
> 0K, the mass of subatomic particles enters a neutral, undetectable
> state, having no particles in motion and therefore, no thermal
> radiation. In that environment, the mass of an atom remains. And while
> it would lack any thermal energy, it would maintain a gravitational
> force, and thus a potential source of Kinetic energy.
0K is impossible to reach because all energy transfers are achieved
through the exchange of photons between particles. The universe is a
closed system, so all of the photons that have ever been created are
still inside the universe in some form or another. Either they are being
captured by other particles, or they are still in flight somewhere. At
best you can get closer and closer to 0K, like 0.1K, 0.01K, 0.001K,
0.0001K, etc. but you'll never reach it. It's same as reaching the speed
of light, it gets more and more difficult the closer you get.
So the universe as it expands cools down, because it takes longer for
photons to travel between particles. Also there is a form of movement
that requires no energy, which is quantum movement. In quantum movement,
particles just naturally are squirmy, you can't hold them down to any
particular speed or position, also known as the Uncertainty Principle.
So you'll never get absolutely no movement.
Interestingly though, you're not entirely incorrect about something new
happening as more and more energy is removed from a system, as you reach
absolute zero. Many different particles start to lose their energy-based
movement, but then start to link up their quantum movements together
into a synchronized state. This state is where many atoms start acting
like one big atom, which is known as a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC). A
BEC is thought to be what the final state of the universe will be when
the universe has expanded to a size too large for light to travel across
it. Those particles that remain in contact with each other will be
linked up into many individual BECs.
Yousuf Khan