HACNS1 from Science 5 Sept 2008; evidence that Throwing created bipedalism; #163 Rockthrowing theory
Archimedes Plutonium
when one person makes a mistake, it is quickly compounded into a large
number of the same mistake:
witness HACNS1 and the error of HACSN1. Some magazines of one spelling
and others the other.
The original report can be trusted to spell HACNS1.
--- quoting the abstract of this website ---
Science 5 September 2008:
Vol. 321. no. 5894, pp. 1346 - 1350
DOI: 10.1126/science.1159974
Human-Specific Gain of Function in a Developmental Enhancer
(snipped the authors)
Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the
evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely
human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In
transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved
extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression
that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the
orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of
function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse
and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In
vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific
substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or
reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that
13 substitutions clustered in an 81–base pair module otherwise highly
constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer
the human-specific limb expression domain.
--- end quoting abstract ---
I cannot wait for some researchers to inspect the
Neanderthal genome for that genetic sequence. My
guess at this moment is that it is missing some base-pairs that humans
have. Thus, indicating of a less throwing abilities or capacity to
throw as well, and likely
caused the Neanderthal extinction.
Would that not be terrific, that we have mountains of
court and justice cases using DNA as the star evidence and here we
would have Neanderthal DNA
evidence of what killed him as a species.
Archimedes Plutonium
www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies
Archimedes Plutonium
Come to think of it, if we are extremely lucky, we could use the
HACNS1 site
to tell when Neanderthal veered off from the human-line. How many
thousands
of years age that Neanderthal shared the ancestral line of homo
sapiens.
So genetics is a powerful tool in anthropology. Not only constructing
past events
but giving an age or timeline of those events.
In the old days of anthropology, every bone had a thousand different
opinions
and theories as to the bones found. But with Genetic analysis, it
usually
eliminates those 999 bad opinions and leaves only 1 good choice in
that thousand opinions.
So hooray for the new day adawning in anthropology, where genetics
takes over the
bulk of the science and where found fossil bones now act as
colloborative evidence.
And maybe, as in the case of the Montana T. Rex hunter who uncovered
soft tissue
in a 60 million year old femur of a T.Rex, that perhaps we can extract
soft tissue
of Orrorin or other hominids.
Lee Olsen
<plutonium.archime...@gmail.com> wrote:
<snip>
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/02/0209_040209_neandertals.html