Aiello & Dean says male 77.9 & female 77.0 brachial index #153 Rockthrowing theory
Archimedes Plutonium
rock. Perhaps there is a scientific definition for stone versus rock
and maybe I should look up that definition.
Maybe this should be called the Rockthrowing theory
if rock is defined as a specific size. The size I want
is the size that would fit in the hands of a hominid that
was using rocks to throw at prey or predators.
I was looking for the best available data on the brachial
index between human male and female. I found only this one source. I
do not know how much of a sampling
for their statistic that Aiello and Dean used.
I am not complaining about the numbers 77.9 and
77.0 since the number for Neanderthal of a different
species was 79 so a difference of 1.1 versus a difference of 0.9.
And I was looking at various women's arms today on
the "telly" and they appear to have longer lower arms
than what males have.
--- quoting Aiello & Dean ---
Long bone indices of Humans and Chimpanzees
[ From Aiello and Dean 1990, Pp. 249]
Species
Intermembral Index
Humerofemoral Index
Brachial Index
Crural Index
Human (male)
69.7
71.4
77.9
82.4
Human (female)
68.5
69.8
77.0
81.3
Chimpanzee (male)
108.0
101.1
91.9
79.8
Chimpanzee (female)
109.4
102
92.4
80.4
Pygmy chimpanzee (male & female)
102.2
98.0
91.9
82.6
Intermembral index = [(humerus + radius) x 100]/)femur + tibia)
Humerofemoral index = (humerus x 100)/femur
Brachial index = (radius x 100)/humerus
Crural index = (tibia x 100)/femur
--- end quoting ---
Now here is another website on the difference between
human male and female overarm throwing:
--- quoting from ---
http://www.sportsci.com/topics2/presentations/Throwing_Doc_Presentation_ISBS99/mthrow.htm
Atwater (1970) analyzed the segmental contributions to the ball
velocity in overarm throwing performed by a male, major league
baseball player and a highly skilled female. It was reported that the
male thrower utilized more shoulder action and the female athlete
exhibited greater trunk rotation to develop her throwing velocity and
the ball velocities thrown were 39.9 and 29.2 m sec-1 for the male and
female throwers, respectively (Table 1).
--- end quoting ---
On this website is an excellent graph of the muscle torque in stages
of overarm throwing. I was keen to focus on the elbow for I suspect
the elbow is the weakest of the stages in the act of throwing. And if
true then the difference between human male overarm throwing and human
female overarm throwing should
be in evidence at the elbow.
I am not sure, but I think the major complaint in baseball of its male
pitchers is elbow health or elbow
injury. Some feel it in the shoulder, I know, but I think
the elbow is the weakest area in overarm fast ball
throwing.
Now I need to look in the literature, especially medicine
to see if there is any bone in the elbow that is markedly
different in males versus females.
And I wonder if the evolution of overarm throwing and
bipedalism creates a vestige of its primitive former state before
there was throwing or bipedalism and that
vestige is the "funny bone" in the elbow and the ankle.
Although the ankle is not a funny-bone, it is somewhat
homologous to the elbow funny-bone.
Throughout this theory of Rockthrowing, I have tried to
find and focus on one bone of the body that pretty much sums it all
up, just as Pickford found a femur
groove that sums up bipedalism. The femur groove is
a signature of bipedalism. So is there a signature in the
elbow that given any elbow of a hominid, one can say
he was a thrower or not a thrower? And is the funny bone related to
throwing. That evolution has put so much pressure on the human body to
throw overarm that the funny bone has become the "sensitive outer
envelope of evolutionary advancement"?
Archimedes Plutonium
www.iw.net/~a_plutonium
whole entire Universe is just one big atom
where dots of the electron-dot-cloud are galaxies
Lee Olsen
Well, if you must know, real anthropologists with a real
original research published over life times prefer "rock"
http://tinyurl.com/ybnk29a
>Perhaps there is a scientific definition for stone versus rock
> and maybe I should look up that definition.
I agree, maybe you should look up a lot of things before
making a fool of yourself an a daily basis. Did you ever
think about a visit to a library?