Early Apes Walked Upright 15 Million Years Earlier Than Previously Thought
Marc Verhaegen
Evolutionary Biologist Argues
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071009212545.htm
Filler AG 2007
Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial
Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins
PLoS One 2(10): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019
An extraordinary advance in human origins research reveals evidence of the
emergence of the upright human body plan over 15 million years earlier than
most experts have believed. More dramatically, the study confirms
preliminary evidence that many early hominoid apes were most likely upright
bipedal walkers sharing the basic body form of modern humans.
Research from Harvard Universityąs Museum of Comparative Zoology and from
the Cedars Sinai Institute for Spinal Disorders connects several recent
fossil discoveries to older fossils finds that have eluded adequate
explanation in the past. The report deals with the "homeotic" genetic
mechanisms that encode anatomical assembly in the embryo, and their
relevance to a series of discoveries of hominoid fossil vertebrae.
It concludes that a specific gene change in the Pax system -- that
generated the upright bipedal human body form -- may soon be identified. The
various upright "hominiform" hominoids appear to share this morphogenetic
innovation with modern humans. Homeotics concerns the embryological assembly
program for midline repeating structures such as the human vertebral column
and the insect body segments.
The report analyses changes in homeotic embryological assembly of the spine
in more than 200 mammalian species across a 250 million year time scale. It
identifies a series of modular changes in genetic assembly program that have
taken place at the origin point of several major groups of mammals including
the newly designated 'hominiform' hominoids that share the modern human body
plan.
The critical event involves a dramatic embryological change unique to the
human lineage that was not previously understood because the unusual human
condition was viewed as "normal."
"From an embryological point of view, what took place is literally
breathtaking," says Dr.Aaron Filler, a Harvard trained evolutionary
biologist and a medical director at Cedars Sinai Medical Center's Institute
for Spinal Disorders.
In most vertebrates (including most mammals), he explains, the dividing
plane between the front (ventral) part of the body and the back (dorsal)
part is a "horizontal septum" that runs in front of the spinal canal. This
is a fundamental aspect of animal architecture. A bizarre birth defect in
what may have been the first direct human ancestor led to the
"transposition" of the septum to a position behind the spinal cord in the
lumbar region. Oddly enough, this configuration is more typical of
invertebrates.
The mechanical effect of the transposition was to make horizontal or
quadrupedal stance inefficient. "Any mammal with this set of changes would
only be comfortable standing upright. I would envision this malformed young
hominiform -- the first true ancestral human -- as standing upright from a
young age while its siblings walked around on all fours."
The earliest example of the transformed hominiform type of lumbar spine is
found in Morotopithecus bishopi an extinct hominoid species that lived in
Uganda more than 21 million years ago. "From a number of points of view,"
Filler says, "humanity can be redefined as having its origin with
Morotopithecus. This greatly demotes the importance of the bipedalism of
Australopithecus species such as Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) since we
now know of four upright bipedal species that precede her, found from
various time periods on out to Morotopithecus in the Early Miocene."
(MV: Morotopith = Afropith is probably "only" 17 Ma, says Martin Pickford)
nickname
> Early Apes Walked Upright 15 Million Years Earlier Than Previously Thought,
> Filler AG 2007
> Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial
> Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins
> PLoS One 2(10): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019
>
> An extraordinary advance in human origins research reveals evidence of the
> emergence of the upright human body plan over 15 million years earlier than
> most experts have believed. More dramatically, the study confirms
> preliminary evidence that many early hominoid apes were most likely upright
> bipedal walkers sharing the basic body form of modern humans.
>
Septum arrangement relates to shore life, as seen in invertebrates
like crabs, unlike savannas where a mutated/slow form would swiftly be
removed by cats.
6ma bipedal hominoids
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040903085349.htm
Marc Verhaegen
71/journal.pone.0001019
__________
Op 10-10-2007 08:11, in artikel C33239BB.7EF0%m_ver...@skynet.be, Marc
Verhaegen <m_ver...@skynet.be> schreef:
> Early Apes Walked Upright 15 Million Years Earlier Than Previously Thought,
> Evolutionary Biologist Argues
> http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071009212545.htm
> Filler AG 2007
> Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial
> Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins
> PLoS One 2(10): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019
>
> An extraordinary advance in human origins research reveals evidence of the
> emergence of the upright human body plan over 15 million years earlier than
> most experts have believed. More dramatically, the study confirms
> preliminary evidence that many early hominoid apes were most likely upright
> bipedal walkers sharing the basic body form of modern humans.
>
> Research from Harvard University¹s Museum of Comparative Zoology and from
spiznet
> Early Apes Walked Upright 15 Million Years Earlier Than Previously Thought,
> Filler AG 2007
> Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial
> Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins
> PLoS One 2(10): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019
>
> An extraordinary advance in human origins research reveals evidence of the
> emergence of the upright human body plan over 15 million years earlier than
> most experts have believed. More dramatically, the study confirms
> preliminary evidence that many early hominoid apes were most likely upright
> bipedal walkers sharing the basic body form of modern humans.
>
Proof of early hybridization with undersea crabs.
> The mechanical effect of the transposition was to make horizontal or
> quadrupedal stance inefficient. "Any mammal with this set of changes would
> only be comfortable standing upright. I would envision this malformed young
> hominiform -- the first true ancestral human -- as standing upright from a
> young age while its siblings walked around on all fours."
>
> The earliest example of the transformed hominiform type of lumbar spine is
> found in Morotopithecus bishopi an extinct hominoid species that lived in
> Uganda more than 21 million years ago. "From a number of points of view,"
> Filler says, "humanity can be redefined as having its origin with
> Morotopithecus. This greatly demotes the importance of the bipedalism of
> Australopithecus species such as Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) since we
> now know of four upright bipedal species that precede her, found from
> various time periods on out to Morotopithecus in the Early Miocene."
(MV: Morotopith = Afropith is probably "only" 17 Ma, says Martin
Pickford)
Early enough, since they don't have any ancestors picked out that far
back.
Waaaaaaaaaaaahhhhh Blubber
Marc Verhaegen wrote:
>
> Research from Harvard Universityąs Museum of Comparative Zoology and from
> the Cedars Sinai Institute for Spinal Disorders connects
>
> The report analyses
>
> The critical event involves a dramatic
>
> "From an embryological point of view, what took place is literally
> breathtaking,"
> In most vertebrates (including most mammals), he explains,
>
> The earliest example of the transformed hominiform type of lumbar spine is
>
> (MV: Morotopith = Afropith is probably "only" 17 Ma, says Martin Pickford)
WOW! Fucking awesome! You is de Eimshine.
simple_...@yahoo.com
that they probably used advanced tools made of perishable materials,
mostly wood and fiber.
Rich Travsky
> On Oct 9, 11:11 pm, Marc Verhaegen <m_verhae...@skynet.be> wrote:
> > Early Apes Walked Upright 15 Million Years Earlier Than Previously Thought,
> > Evolutionary Biologist Argueshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071009212545.htm
> > Filler AG 2007
> > Homeotic Evolution in the Mammalia: Diversification of Therian Axial
> > Seriation and the Morphogenetic Basis of Human Origins
> > PLoS One 2(10): e1019. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001019
> >
> > An extraordinary advance in human origins research reveals evidence of the
> > emergence of the upright human body plan over 15 million years earlier than
> > most experts have believed. More dramatically, the study confirms
> > preliminary evidence that many early hominoid apes were most likely upright
> > bipedal walkers sharing the basic body form of modern humans.
> >
It does?
> like crabs, unlike savannas where a mutated/slow form would swiftly be
You're comparing mammals to crabs?
> removed by cats.
Marc Verhaegen
>> like crabs, unlike savannas where a mutated/slow form would swiftly be
>> removed by cats.
Please explain, DD.
I'm reading Filler's book "The upright ape" (very interesting so far), but
I'm only at the early tetrapods (the apes are discussed in late chapters).
I'd think that the transposition of the processus transversus in early apes
(+ replacement of lumbar muscles) caused lumbar lordosis = vertical posture,
not for bipedality in the first place (Morotopith had long lumbar vertebrae,
unlike gr.hominoids), but for vertical locomotion in swamp forests =
climbing arms overhead + floating (large airsacs) + possibly wading
bipedally.
Curious what Filler has to say on it.
--Marc
Morganba
Marc Verhaegen wrote:
_ only if symmetrical to the v_dot bepo. ! Tink about it.