You don't want to use too big a cover over the core or the core will
slip through it under load. And it just doesn't feel right in your
hand (kind of squishy).
For tapered halyards I recommend having the cover start just above
where the halyard exits from the mast. That will protect the core of
your halyard from UV if you sky them when you're not sailing the
boat. This is recommended for spectra/dyneema and critical for
vectran which is not very UV tolerant. It will also protect them from
chafe exiting the mast and it will be easier on the hands of whoever
jumps your halyards. For tapering sheets, just taper enough so that
the line is covered wherever it goes around a winch, ratchet block, or
gets cleated.
I would recommend only using the vectran on main and jib halyards as
it also does not handle chafe well. Spectra/dyneema is much more
chafe tolerant and better for spinnaker halyards and sheets.
As far as the splicing and tapering, all the major line companies (NE
Ropes, Yale, Samson) offer some form of a splicing guide. The most
critical thing is that you taper the buried core or cover inside the
splice. If you don't, the fat to thin transition is the most common
failure point in a splice.
Hope that helps!
James Clappier
SC27 116 Furthur