सप्तमी

[Sita Raama]

नमस्ते,

Please help me understand - 

सति- सप्तमी, 

आधार- सप्तमी, 

विषय-सप्तमी

Example would be greatly appreciated. 

regards

Raama

--

सुलभाः पुरुषा राजन् सततम् प्रिय वादिनः | \\

अप्रियस्य च पथ्यस्य वक्ता श्रोता च दुर्लभः || Ramayanam || ३-३७-२ ||  & || ६-१६-२१ ||

[Hnbhat B.R.]

On Tue, May 1, 2012 at 10:28 PM, Sita Raama <raam...@gmail.com> wrote:

नमस्ते,

Please help me understand - 

सति- सप्तमी, 

आधार- सप्तमी, 

विषय-सप्तमी

Example would be greatly appreciated. 

regards

Raama

"आधारोऽधिकरणम्"  कर्तृ-कर्मद्वारा तन्निष्ठक्रियायाः आधारः अधिकरणसंज्ञः स्यात्। "सप्तम्यधिकरणे च" इति या सप्तमी अधिकरणे विहिता, सैव "आधारसप्तमी" इति भवता उच्यते इति मन्ये। नान्या सप्तमी तादृशी व्याकरणे प्रसिद्धा।

आधारः त्रिधा - औपश्लेषिकः, वैषयिकः, अभिव्यापकश्च इति।

१.

कटे आस्ते, स्थाल्यां पचति  -  (He is) seated in the mat, or (he) cooks in the vessel - have got the contact partly and it just supports seating or the food from falling. This is the case of आधारसप्तमी properly used, though others are also आधार-s and call for सप्तमी.

 २. मोक्षे इच्छा अस्ति - I am having desire in liberation (regarding the subject मोक्ष) where the action of desire has the मोक्ष as the subject विषय. This is often called वैषयिकसप्तमी.

३. सर्वस्मिन् आत्मा अस्ति -  The soul is in everybody. Here the आधार is too wide and all pervasive. Hence it is called अभिव्यापक.

The above are the classified types of सप्तमी. There are many uses of सप्तमी by different rules prescribed in different contexts. These are not named after any in grammar and are only for convenience, they are explained as above.

"यस्य च भावेन भावलक्षणम्।" 

It seems that what you call सति सप्तमी is the case  of conditional case which adverb of time indicated for the main verb by the use of सत् in their usage to make clear to some what explicit.

गोषु दुह्यमानासु गतः - गोषु दुह्यमानासु - सतीषु - गतः -

यदा गावः दुह्यमानाः आसन्, तदा गतः - While the cows are milked, he went.

This is the classical example for the above rule and there are many other usages of this type. But they are not termed as सतिसप्तमी, but closely related and frequently used to be called as भावलक्षणसप्तमी. The simpler example is

रामे वनं गच्छति, सीता तमनुगच्छति - 

रामे वनं गच्छति (सति) (pr.participle), सीता तमनुगच्छति/अन्वगच्छत्।

रामे वनं गते (सति), सीता तमन्वगच्छत् -

The above can be made into adverbial clause of time:

यदा रामो वनं गच्छति, सीता तमनुगच्छति or

यदा रामो वनम् अगच्छत्, सीता तमन्वगच्छत्।

Hope this is clear. Doubts if any will be cleared on being raised.

--

सुलभाः पुरुषा राजन् सततम् प्रिय वादिनः | \\

अप्रियस्य च पथ्यस्य वक्ता श्रोता च दुर्लभः || Ramayanam || ३-३७-२ ||  & || ६-१६-२१ ||

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Dr. Hari Narayana Bhat B.R. M.A., Ph.D.,
Research Scholar,

Ecole française d'Extrême-OrientCentre de Pondichéry

16 & 19, Rue Dumas

Pondichéry - 605 001

[Hnbhat B.R.]

Post-script:

सत्, सन्, सती are the forms of the verb अस् which is common to be used with nouns, as the verb of existence, equal to English "to be" to make clear even if there is not any verb used with a noun. अयं गजः (अस्ति) and it is the same with the use of its locative usage as सति with a सप्तमी to make the intention clear. रामे वनं गते सीता तमन्वगच्छत् is clear enough. But only सति is added just like in the case of the  first sentence and has nothing to do with सप्तमी grammatically and hence you may find any explanation for the use of सति सप्तमी in the Grammar books.  

[Vasudha Chavali]

नमस्ते !

सप्तमी is 3 types as you correctly pointed out.

१. पर सप्तमी  - पर होने पर

२. विषय सप्तमी - विषय मे

३. निमित्त सप्तमी निमित्त मानकर 

क्क्ङिति च १.१.४ 

गित्, कित्, ङित् को निम्मित मानकर ऎसा अर्ध समझाना चाहिए ।

गित् -कित् - ङित् निमित्त्के इकः स्थाने ये गुणवृद्दी प्राप्तुतस्ते न भवतः 

उदा  गित्  जिष्णुः, भूष्णुः

     कित्  चितः, चितवान्, स्तुतः, स्तुतवान्, कृतः, कृतवान्

      ङित चिनुतः, सुनुतः , चिन्वन्ति, सुन्वन्ति, मृजन्ति 

भवदीया,

वसुधा

On Tue, May 1, 2012 at 10:28 PM, Sita Raama <raam...@gmail.com> wrote:

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सन्तोषः परमो लाभः सत्सङ्गः परमा गतिः ।
विचारः परमं ज्ञानं शमो हि परमं सुखम् ॥
Contentment is the highest gain, Good Company the highest course, Enquiry the highest wisdom, and Peace the highest enjoyment.

[Sita Raama]

Dr. Bhat

Thank you for your time

regards

Raama

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[Vasudha Chavali]

dhanyavaadaaH bhat mahodaya,

bhavataH vivaranam bahu samyak asti.

dhanyaasmi,

bhavadiyaa,

vasudhaa

[Ramakrishnan D]

धन्योऽस्म्यहं भवतां व्याकरण-चर्चया |