Quickly looking for something on Dell, I configured the following for
$1500. This is definitely NOT the best price possible for this sort
of machine, and I don't necessarily recommend Dell, I just wanted to
get a conservative ballpark estimate.
processor: Intel® Core™ 2 Quad Q9650 with VT (3.0GHz, 12M, 1333MHz
FSB)
2 320 GB harddrives
memory: 8GB DDR2 Non-ECC SDRAM, 800MHz, (4DIMM)
Shopping around you could probably get a lot closer to $1000. The key
thing I think is to get a machine that can be upgraded to at least 8
GB of RAM, even if you don't buy that much initially. Although as
Jason pointed out, the memory is relatively cheap once you have a
board that can handle it.
A barebones quad-core Mac Pro with 3 GB RAM is $2500, but they are
very nice machines. The memory is 1066MHz DDR3 ECC SDRAM, which is a
little better than the Dell above, and can be upgraded to 16 GB. You
can buy 3rd party memory for the Mac Pro for much, much less than from
Apple.
-Marshall