I'll revisit #13245 now that you've changed the ticket's title... ;-)
[Avoiding also the rebuild of the fast_callable interpreters should be
feasable by just copying a few more files in sage-clone (I /think/ I
already did that), but I agree that's a minor issue, at least compared
to rebuilding the whole Sage library.]
> Is there a ticket for the sage-sync-build problem?
Not yet. There are a couple of ways to (quickly or temporarily) "fix" this:
1) Unmerge #14570, which doesn't fix a bug, but only introduces a new
(btw. non-configurable) feature. [A bit odd, especially since #14570
also patches the Cython spkg.]
2) Revert just #14570's change to setup.py, a one-liner (removing the
build_dir parameter to cythonize()). [Better than 1), although
effectively the same -- feature vanishes until we reenable it on some
follow-up ticket.]
3) Make the behaviour configurable (defaulting to the previous; little
change to setup.py). No breakage to ordinary users; people using the
new feature are expected to know what they're doing, i.e., at least
sage-sync-build [still] won't work for them. [IMHO preferable for a
temporary / quick fix; easy and safe.]
4) Minimally adapt sage-sync-build.py to reflect the (hard-coded) change
by #14570. [May be easy as well, but potentially unsafe.]
I'd personally prefer 2) or 3) for now, postponing a "proper" solution
to a follow-up ticket which presumably won't make it into 5.10 (but
hopefully 5.11.*), as sage-sync-build needs some rework* anyway, the
Cython build directory (kind of VPATH) should IMHO be configurable, and
#14570 might cause further issues we haven't noticed yet.
-leif
__________
* the usual "can of worms"