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Florent Hivert  
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 More options Feb 16 2012, 6:00 pm
From: Florent Hivert <Florent.Hiv...@lri.fr>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 00:00:50 +0100
Local: Thurs, Feb 16 2012 6:00 pm
Subject: Various problem with morphisms...
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      Dear Sage-algebra lovers,

I'm having several problems with module/vector spaces-morphisms in Sage. I'm
not sure exactly what we want to fix.

The starting point was that in the category Modules() the zero of the Hom set
is defined as:

    class HomCategory(HomCategory):
        class ParentMethods:
            @cached_method
            def zero(self):
                return self(lambda x: self.codomain().zero())

This create a pickling problem with morphisms for CombinatorialFreeModule()::

    sage: M = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [1,2])
    sage: H = Hom(M, M)
    sage: dumps(H)
    'x\x9c...\xe9\x7f'

But after a::

    sage: H.zero()
    Generic endomorphism of Free module generated by {1, 2} over Rational Field

H is no more picklable::

    sage: dumps(H)
    [...]
    PicklingError: Can't pickle <type 'function'>: attribute lookup __builtin__.function failed

Note that this doesn't cause problems with (finite dimensional) FreeModule
because the matrix is expanded::

    sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
    sage: H = Hom(M, M)
    sage: H.zero()
    Vector space morphism represented by the matrix:
    [0 0]
    [0 0]
    Domain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
    Codomain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field

So I tried to replace::

            def zero(self):
                return self(lambda x: self.codomain().zero())

by::

            def zero(self):
                return self(ConstantFunction(self.codomain().zero()))

Now CombinatorialFreeModules are happy::

    sage: M = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [1,2])
    sage: H = Hom(M, M)
    sage: f = H(ConstantFunction(M.zero())); f
    Generic endomorphism of Free module generated by {1, 2} over Rational Field
    sage: dumps(f)
    'x\x9c...\xe9\x7f'

However::

    sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
    sage: H = Hom(M, M)
    sage: H(lambda x: M.zero())
    Vector space morphism represented by the matrix:
    [0 0]
    [0 0]
    Domain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
    Codomain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
    sage: H(ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
    [...]
    TypeError: vector space homspace can only coerce matrices, vector space morphisms, functions or lists, not The constant function (...) -> (0, 0)

As you can see there are several more or less unrelated problems and things
seems to go a little out of control. Since I know that there is some cleanup
planned here, I'd like some advice on what short term fix may be acceptable
(The original goal was to add a generic test checking that for any element x
x.__nonzero__() is consistent with x != x.parent().zero())

Thanks for any suggestion.

Cheers,

Florent

===========================

By the way::

sage: TestSuite(H).run()
Failure in _test_additive_associativity:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/commutative_additive_semigroups.py", line 77, in _test_additive_associativity
    for x in tester.some_elements():
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 460, in some_elements
    return self._instance.some_elements()
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 612, in some_elements
    return [ self.an_element() ]
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
Failure in _test_an_element:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 402, in _test_an_element
    an_element = self.an_element()
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
Failure in _test_elements:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 465, in _test_elements
    an_element = self.an_element()
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
Failure in _test_elements_eq:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 552, in _test_elements_eq
    elements = list(self.some_elements())+[None, 0]
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 612, in some_elements
    return [ self.an_element() ]
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
Failure in _test_some_elements:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 640, in _test_some_elements
    elements = self.some_elements()
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 612, in some_elements
    return [ self.an_element() ]
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
Failure in _test_zero:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 275, in run
    test_method(tester = tester)
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/commutative_additive_monoids.py", line 77, in _test_zero
    for x in tester.some_elements():
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/misc/sage_unittest.py", line 460, in some_elements
    return self._instance.some_elements()
  File "/home/data/Sage-Install/sage-5.0.beta2/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/s age/categories/sets_cat.py", line 612, in some_elements
    return [ self.an_element() ]
  File "parent.pyx", line 2518, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17566)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2544, in sage.structure.parent.Parent.an_element (sage/structure/parent.c:17510)
  File "parent.pyx", line 2612, in sage.structure.parent.Parent._an_element_ (sage/structure/parent.c:18101)
NotImplementedError: please implement _an_element_ for Set of Morphisms (Linear Transformations) from Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field to Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
------------------------------------------------------------
The following tests failed: _test_additive_associativity, _test_an_element, _test_elements, _test_elements_eq, _test_some_elements, _test_zero


 
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Nicolas M. Thiery  
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 More options Feb 16 2012, 6:14 pm
From: "Nicolas M. Thiery" <Nicolas.Thi...@u-psud.fr>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 00:14:05 +0100
Local: Thurs, Feb 16 2012 6:14 pm
Subject: Re: [sage-algebra] Various problem with morphisms...
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On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 12:00:50AM +0100, Florent Hivert wrote:
> However::

>     sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
>     sage: H = Hom(M, M)
>     sage: H(lambda x: M.zero())
>     Vector space morphism represented by the matrix:
>     [0 0]
>     [0 0]
>     Domain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
>     Codomain: Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
>     sage: H(ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
>     [...]
>     TypeError: vector space homspace can only coerce matrices, vector space morphisms, functions or lists, not The constant function (...) -> (0, 0)

As a temporary workaround, use SetMorphism to construct the
morphism. The __call__ method of Homsets do not yet accept uniformly a
Python function (or function object) as input as they should.

Cheers,
                                Nicolas
--
Nicolas M. Thi ry "Isil" <nthi...@users.sf.net>
http://Nicolas.Thiery.name/


 
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Florent Hivert  
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 More options Feb 16 2012, 6:20 pm
From: Florent Hivert <Florent.Hiv...@lri.fr>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 00:20:53 +0100
Local: Thurs, Feb 16 2012 6:20 pm
Subject: Re: [sage-algebra] Various problem with morphisms...
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I'm not sure how I can do that. I've now a seemingly working workaround by
defining zero by ConstantFunction in the category Modules and overloading it
using lambda in FreeModuleHomspace. Now you tell me that there is a third kind
of morphisms ?

Cheers,

Florent


 
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Nicolas M. Thiery  
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 More options Feb 16 2012, 6:35 pm
From: "Nicolas M. Thiery" <Nicolas.Thi...@u-psud.fr>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 00:35:57 +0100
Local: Thurs, Feb 16 2012 6:35 pm
Subject: Re: [sage-algebra] Various problem with morphisms...
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On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 12:20:53AM +0100, Florent Hivert wrote:
> I'm not sure how I can do that. I've now a seemingly working workaround by
> defining zero by ConstantFunction in the category Modules and overloading it
> using lambda in FreeModuleHomspace. Now you tell me that there is a third kind
> of morphisms ?

There is a single class for morphisms implemented by a Python function
(or function object), namely SetMorphism. The current issue is that,
for H an homset, what H(f) does is hardcoded in each homset class.  In
particular, when f is a function, it does not systematically construct
a SetMorphism as it should. So you have to do it by hand:

sage: from sage.categories.morphism import SetMorphism
sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
sage: H = Hom(M, M)
sage: phi = SetMorphism(H, ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
sage: phi
Generic endomorphism of Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
sage: phi(M.an_element())
(0, 0)

sage: M = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, 2)
sage: M = CombinatorialFreeModule(QQ, [1,2,3])
sage: H =Hom(M,M)
sage: phi = SetMorphism(H, ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
sage: phi(M.an_element())
0

Of course, we might want to have instead a ConstantMorphism class for
ultimate speed.

Cheers,
                                Nicolas
--
Nicolas M. Thi ry "Isil" <nthi...@users.sf.net>
http://Nicolas.Thiery.name/


 
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Florent Hivert  
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 More options Feb 16 2012, 6:44 pm
From: Florent Hivert <Florent.Hiv...@lri.fr>
Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2012 00:44:28 +0100
Local: Thurs, Feb 16 2012 6:44 pm
Subject: Re: [sage-algebra] Various problem with morphisms...
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      Hi Nicolas,

Unforunately this is not quite satisfactory:

    sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
    sage: H = Hom(M, M)
    sage: phi = SetMorphism(H, ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
    sage: phi
    Generic endomorphism of Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
    sage: phi+phi
    TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'sage.categories.morphism.SetMorphism' and 'sage.categories.morphism.SetMorphism'

What the point of having a zero if you can't add it with the other object of
the same set... Maybe, I'm asking too much with the current status...

Cheers,

Florent


 
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Nicolas M. Thiery  
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 More options Feb 20 2012, 12:59 pm
From: "Nicolas M. Thiery" <Nicolas.Thi...@u-psud.fr>
Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2012 18:59:26 +0100
Local: Mon, Feb 20 2012 12:59 pm
Subject: Re: [sage-algebra] Various problem with morphisms...
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On Fri, Feb 17, 2012 at 12:44:28AM +0100, Florent Hivert wrote:
> Unforunately this is not quite satisfactory:

>     sage: M = FreeModule(QQ, 2)
>     sage: H = Hom(M, M)
>     sage: phi = SetMorphism(H, ConstantFunction(M.zero()))
>     sage: phi
>     Generic endomorphism of Vector space of dimension 2 over Rational Field
>     sage: phi+phi
>     TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'sage.categories.morphism.SetMorphism' and 'sage.categories.morphism.SetMorphism'

> What the point of having a zero if you can't add it with the other object of
> the same set...

+1

> Maybe, I'm asking too much with the current status...

Indeed, you are :-)

Arithmetic between objects of the same parent but belonging to
different classes is only supported in very few places in Sage, and
when it is, it's completely ad-hoc.

Cheers,
                                Nicolas
--
Nicolas M. Thi ry "Isil" <nthi...@users.sf.net>
http://Nicolas.Thiery.name/


 
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