باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر Enjoining Good and forbidding Evil
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للتحقق من صحة الأحاديث
23 - باب الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر
Enjoining Good and forbidding Evil
قال الله تعالى ( آل عمران 104 ) : { ولتكن منكم أمة يدعون إلى الخير ويأمرون بالمعروف وينهون عن المنكر وأولئك هم المفلحون }
وقال تعالى ( آل عمران 110 ) : { كنتم خير أمة أخرجت للناس : تأمرون بالمعروف وتنهون عن المنكر }
وقال تعالى ( الأعراف 199 ) : { خذ العفو وأمر بالعرف وأعرض عن الجاهلين }
وقال تعالى ( التوبة 71 ) : { والمؤمنون والمؤمنات بعضهم أولياء بعض : يأمرون بالمعروف وينهون عن المنكر }
وقال تعالى ( المائدة 78 ) : { لعن الذين كفروا من بني إسرائيل على لسان داود وعيسى ابن مريم ذلك بما عصوا وكانوا يعتدون : كانوا لا يتناهون عن منكر فعلوه لبئس ما كانوا يفعلون }
وقال تعالى ( الكهف 29 ) : { وقل الحق من ربكم فمن شاء فليؤمن ومن شاء فليكفر }
وقال تعالى ( الحجر 94 ) : { فاصدع بما تؤمر }
وقال تعالى ( الأعراف 165 ) : { فأنجينا الذين ينهون عن السوء وأخذنا الذين ظلموا بعذاب بئيس بما كانوا يفسقون } . والآيات في الباب كثيرة معلومة
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"Let there arise out of you a group of people inviting to all that is good (Islam), enjoining Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbidding Al-Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is they who are the successful.'' (3:104)
"You (true believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his Sunnah) are the best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enjoin Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden)''. (3:110)
"Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the foolish (i.e., don't punish them).'' (7:199)
"The believers, men and women, are Auliya' (helpers, supporters, friends, protectors) of one another; they enjoin (on the people) Al-Ma`ruf (i.e., Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do), and forbid (people) from Al-Munkar (i.e., polytheism and disbelief of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden)''. (9:71)
"Those among the Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by the tongue of Dawud (David) and `Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). That was because they disobeyed (Allah and the Messengers) and were ever transgressing beyond bounds. They used not to forbid one another from the Munkar (wrong, evildoing, sins, polytheism, disbelief) which they committed. Vile indeed was what they used to do". (5:78,79)
"And say: `The truth is from your Rubb.' Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve". (18:29)
"Therefore proclaim openly (Allah's Message - Islamic Monotheism) that which you are commanded...'' (15:94)
"We rescued those who forbade evil, but with a severe torment. We seized those who did wrong because they used to rebel against Allah's Command (disobey Allah)". (7:165)
وأما الأحاديث
184 - فالأول عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يقول : [ من رأى منكم منكرا فليغيره بيده فإن لم يستطع فبلسانه فإن لم يستطع فبقلبه وذلك أضعف الإيمان ] رواه مسلم
184. Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Whoever amongst you sees an evil, he must change it with his hand; if he is unable to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is unable to do so, then with his heart; and that is the weakest form of Faith".
[Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith contains a very important prescription to prevent the Muslim society from all things which are forbidden in Islam. So long as Muslims adhered to it and ceaselessly and fearlessly performed their obligation of enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong, their society was largely safe from many evils and sins.
185 - الثاني عن ابن مسعود رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ ما من نبي بعثه الله في أمة قبلي إلا كان له من أمته حواريون وأصحاب يأخذون بسنته ويقتدون بأمره ثم إنها تخلف من بعدهم خلوف يقولون ما لا يفعلون ويفعلون ما لا يؤمرون . فمن جاهدهم بيده فهو مؤمن ومن جاهدهم بلسانه فهو مؤمن ومن جاهدهم بقلبه فهو مؤمن وليس وراء ذلك من الإيمان حبة خردل ] رواه مسلم
185. Abdullah bin Mas`ud (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Never a Prophet had been sent before me by Allah to his people but he had, among his people, (his) disciples and companions, who followed his ways and obeyed his command. Then there came after them their successors who proclaimed what they did not practise, and practised what they were not commanded to do. And (he) who strove against them with his hand is a believer; he who strove against them with his heart is a believer; and he who strove against them with his tongue is a believer ; and beyond that there is no grain of Faith".
[Muslim].
186 - الثالث عن أبي الوليد عبادة بن الصامت رضي الله عنه قال : بايعنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم على السمع والطاعة في العسر واليسر والمنشط والمكره وعلى أثرة علينا وعلى أن لا ننازع الأمر أهله إلا أن تروا كفرا بواحا عندكم من الله فيه برهان وعلى أن نقول بالحق أينما كنا لا نخاف في الله لومة لائم ] متفق عليه
[ المنشط والمكره ] بفتح ميميهما : أي في السهل والصعب
و [ الأثرة ] : الاختصاص بالمشترك . وقد سبق بيانها ( انظر الحديث رقم 51 )
[ بواحا ] بفتح الباء الموحدة بعدها واو ثم ألف ثم حاء مهملة : أي ظاهرا لا يحتمل تأويلا
186. `Ubadah bin As-Samit (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: We swore allegiance to Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to hear and obey; in time of difficulty and in prosperity, in hardship and in ease, to endure being discriminated against and not to dispute about rule with those in power, except in case of evident infidelity regarding which there is a proof from Allah. We swore allegiance to Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to say what was right wherever we were, and not to fear from anyone's reproach.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: It has been emphasized in this Hadith that even if a Muslim ruler is sinful and cruel, one should not disobey him unless he orders to go against the Divine injunctions. In that case, such rulers should not be obeyed. Similarly, it is not permissible to revolt against them until they commit clear-cut infidelity because there is a greater danger of loss in revolt and rebellion. It should be noted once and for all that the expression of truth and compliance with religious injunctions have top priority on all occasions. This should be done regardless of what people say on this account.
187 - الرابع عن النعمان بن بشير رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ مثل القائم في حدود الله والواقع فيها كمثل قوم استهموا على سفينة فصار بعضهم أعلاها وبعضهم أسفلها فكان الذين في أسفلها إذا استقوا من الماء مروا على من فوقهم فقالوا : لو أنا خرقنا في نصيبنا خرقا ولم نؤذ من فوقنا . فإن تركوهم وما أرادوا هلكوا جميعا وإن أخذوا على أيديهم نجوا ونجوا جميعا ] رواه البخاري
[ القائم في حدود الله ] معناه : المنكر لها القائم في دفعها وإزالتها . والمراد بالحدود : ما نهى الله عنه
و [ استهموا ] : اقترعوا
187. Nu`man bin Bashir (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "The likeness of the man who observes the limits prescribed by Allah and that of the man who transgresses them is like the people who get on board a ship after casting lots. Some of them are in its lower deck and some of them in its upper (deck). Those who are in its lower (deck), when they require water, go to the occupants of the upper deck, and say to them : `If we make a hole in the bottom of the ship, we shall not harm you.' If they (the occupants of the upper deck) leave them to carry out their design they all will be drowned. But if they do not let them go ahead (with their plan), all of them will remain safe".
[Al-Bukhari].
Commentary: We learn from this Hadith that the consequences of committing acts which are forbidden in Islam are not confined only to those persons who commit them, but the whole society has to suffer for them. It is, therefore, essential that the people who are in the habit of committing sinful acts and violate Divine injunctions, should be checked to save the whole society from destruction. If this is not done, the entire society will have to face the Divine punishment.
188 - الخامس عن أم المؤمنين أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية حذيفة رضي الله عنها عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم أنه قال : [ إنه يستعمل عليكم أمراء فتعرفون وتنكرون . فمن كره فقد برئ ومن أنكر فقد سلم ولكن من رضي وتابع ] قالوا : يا رسول الله ألا نقاتلهم ؟ قال : [ لا ما أقاموا فيكم الصلاة ] رواه مسلم
معناه : من كره بقلبه ولم يستطع إنكار بيد ولا لسان فقد برئ من الإثم وأدى وظيفته ومن أنكر بحسب طاقته فقد سلم من هذه المعصية ومن رضي بفعلهم وتابعهم فهو العاصي
188. Umm Salamah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "You will have rulers some of whom you approve and some of whom you will disapprove. He who dislikes them will be safe, and he who expresses disapproval will be safe, but he who is pleased and follows them (will be indeed sinful)". His audience asked: "Shall we not fight them?'' He replied, "No, as long as they establish Salat amongst you".
[Muslim].
Commentary:
1. By qualifying the obedience of Muslim rulers with Salat, it has been made clear that what actually distinguishes between Kufr and Islam is Salat.
2. If a person has the power to stop the rulers from committing evil deeds, he must use this power for it. If he is incapable of it, he should at least condemn their evil deeds in his heart. To join or acquiesce in the evil deeds of the rulers is an extremely dangerous trend. From this angle, participation in political parties is a dangerous affair because when these parties come into power, all their members have to endorse and pursue their good as well as bad policies.
189 - السادس عن أم المؤمنين أم الحكم زينب بنت جحش رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم دخل عليها فزعا يقول : [ لا إله إلا الله ويل للعرب من شر قد أقترب فتح اليوم من ردم يأجوج ومأجوج مثل هذه ] وحلق بأصبعيه : الإبهام والتي تليها . فقلت : يا رسول الله أنهلك وفينا الصالحون ؟ قال : [ نعم إذا كثر الخبث ] متفق عليه
189. Zainab (May Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) came to visit me one day frightened and he ü said, "La ilaha illallah (There is no true God but Allah). Woe to the Arabs because of an evil which has drawn near! Today an opening of this size has been made in the barrier restraining Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog people).'' And he (PBUH) made a circle with his thumb and index finger. I said, ``O Messenger of Allah! Shall we perish while still there will be righteous people among us?'' He (PBUH) replied, ``Yes, when wickedness prevails".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith also tells us about the ominous of sin. It says that when vice becomes common, then in spite of the presence of some virtuous persons, that community will be destroyed. But on the Day of Resurrection, those noble persons who had done their duty of preaching virtue and checking vice will stand apart from the sinners. Thus this Hadith induces one to keep away from sins.
190 - السابع عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال : [ إياكم والجلوس في الطرقات ] فقالوا : يا رسول الله ما لنا من مجالسنا بد : نتحدث فيها . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : [ فإذا أبيتم إلا المجالس فأعطوا الطريق حقه ] قالوا : وما حق الطريق يا رسول الله ؟ قال : [ غض البصر وكف الأذى ورد السلام ولأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر ] متفق عليه
190. Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Beware of sitting on roads (ways).'' The people said: "We have but them as sitting places.'' Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "If you have to sit there, then observe the rights of the way". They asked, "What are the rights of the way?'' He (PBUH) said, "To lower your gaze (on seeing what is illegal to look at), and (removal of harmful objects), returning greetings, enjoining good and forbidding wrong".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
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