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QFTCISG Game 5, Rounds 2-3: colonial Africa, indigenes
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Mark Brader
Nov 12, 2017, 1:24:28 AM11/12/17
to
These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
and should be interpreted accordingly.
On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
the correct answers in about 3 days.
All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
* Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
questions deal with that era.
1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
Name the third.
3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
this monarch?
4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
what other nation?
6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
European countries that were each attempting to link different
areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
countries are we talking about?
7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
German East Africa colony. They both became independent
countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
when they became independent. Name this island group.
10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
* Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
Please see the two handouts at:
http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
as indicated).
1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
as part of the Austronesian language family.
3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
in the 18th century after a southward migration.
4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
but this region is their ancestral land.
6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
mountains.
8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
majority of their country in the southern and central Red
Sea area.
9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
after the nearby Urals.
--
Mark Brader, Toronto | "One of the most common diagnoses... was 'Other'."
m...@vex.net | --Atul Gawande, "The Checklist Manifesto"
My text in this article is in the public domain.
and should be interpreted accordingly.
On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
the correct answers in about 3 days.
All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
* Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
questions deal with that era.
1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
Name the third.
3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
this monarch?
4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
what other nation?
6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
European countries that were each attempting to link different
areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
countries are we talking about?
7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
German East Africa colony. They both became independent
countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
when they became independent. Name this island group.
10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
* Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
Please see the two handouts at:
http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
as indicated).
1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
as part of the Austronesian language family.
3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
in the 18th century after a southward migration.
4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
but this region is their ancestral land.
6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
mountains.
8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
majority of their country in the southern and central Red
Sea area.
9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
after the nearby Urals.
--
Mark Brader, Toronto | "One of the most common diagnoses... was 'Other'."
m...@vex.net | --Atul Gawande, "The Checklist Manifesto"
My text in this article is in the public domain.
Erland Sommarskog
Nov 12, 2017, 5:31:31 AM11/12/17
to
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
London
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
I
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
--
Erland Sommarskog, Stockholm, esq...@sommarskog.se
Peter Smyth
Nov 12, 2017, 7:11:17 AM11/12/17
to
Mark Brader wrote:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Paris
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
Orange Free State
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
King Leopold of Belgium
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Italy
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Namibia
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
UK & France
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
Rwanda and Burundi
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
Central African Republic
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
Sao Tome and Principe
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
Lesotho, Swaziland
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
>
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
G, H
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
O, P
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
S
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
L, M
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
T, U
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
V, W
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
J, K
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
F
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
B, A
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
T, U
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
Peter Smyth
Joshua Kreitzer
Nov 12, 2017, 10:18:04 AM11/12/17
to
m...@vex.net (Mark Brader) wrote in news:ZKWdnWNNrvuLdJrHnZ2dnUU7-
TPN...@giganews.com:
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Berlin; Paris
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
Liberia
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
Leopold II of Belgium; Leopold I of Belgium
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Italy
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Gabon
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
UK and France
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
Rwanda, Burundi
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
Central African Republic
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
Cabo Verde; Sao Tome and Principe
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
Lesotho
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
H; G
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
O
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
S
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
L
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
T; U
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
W
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
K; J
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
F
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
B; C
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
U; V
--
Joshua Kreitzer
grom...@hotmail.com
TPN...@giganews.com:
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
--
Joshua Kreitzer
grom...@hotmail.com
Jason Kreitzer
Nov 12, 2017, 11:29:31 AM11/12/17
to
On Sunday, November 12, 2017 at 1:24:28 AM UTC-5, Mark Brader wrote:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
London?
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
>
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
>
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Italy?
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
>
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
>
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Togo?
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
>
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
Republic of the Congo and Kenya?
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
>
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
Ghana
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
Azores
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
I.
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
O.
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
S
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
P
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
F
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
R
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
J
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
F
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
C
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
T
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
Dan Blum
Nov 12, 2017, 6:03:37 PM11/12/17
to
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Paris; London
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
H; G
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
L
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
--
_______________________________________________________________________
Dan Blum to...@panix.com
"I wouldn't have believed it myself if I hadn't just made it up."
Calvin
Nov 12, 2017, 6:09:38 PM11/12/17
to
On Sunday, November 12, 2017 at 4:24:28 PM UTC+10, Mark Brader wrote:
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Berlin
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
If you need regnal numbers then I guess I and II
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
cheers,
calvin
Mark Brader
Nov 12, 2017, 6:15:38 PM11/12/17
to
Mark Brader:
Leopold of Belgium, Leopold I of Belgium.
--
Mark Brader | I like when things catch fire and explode,
Toronto | which means I do not have your best interests in mind.
m...@vex.net | --Randall Munroe
> > 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> > directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> > this monarch?
"Calvin":
> > directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> > this monarch?
> Leopold of Belgium
> If you need regnal numbers then I guess I and II
Since only two answers are allowed, I will score this as two:
> If you need regnal numbers then I guess I and II
Leopold of Belgium, Leopold I of Belgium.
--
Mark Brader | I like when things catch fire and explode,
Toronto | which means I do not have your best interests in mind.
m...@vex.net | --Randall Munroe
Pete Gayde
Nov 12, 2017, 8:11:42 PM11/12/17
to
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Berlin
> and should be interpreted accordingly.
>
> On each question you may give up to two answers, but if you give
> both a right answer and a wrong answer, there is a small penalty.
> Please post all your answers to the newsgroup in a single followup,
> based only on your own knowledge. (In your answer posting, quote
> the questions and place your answer below each one.) I will reveal
> the correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> All questions were written by members of Smith & Guessin' and are
> used here by permission, but have been reformatted and may have
> been retyped and/or edited by me. For further information see
> my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
>
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
>
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
>
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
>
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
>
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
>
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
>
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
>
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
>
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
>
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
>
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
>
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
>
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
>
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
>
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
>
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
>
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
>
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
>
Pete Gayde
Dan Tilque
Nov 13, 2017, 2:47:45 AM11/13/17
to
Mark Brader wrote:
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Berlin
>
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
>
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
>
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
>
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
>
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
>
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
>
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
>
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
>
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
>
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
>
>
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
>
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
>
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
>
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
>
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
(The Circassian planet is not on that map.)
>
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
>
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
>
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
>
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
>
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
--
Dan Tilque
Marc Dashevsky
Nov 13, 2017, 4:34:08 PM11/13/17
to
In article <ZKWdnWNNrvuLdJrH...@giganews.com>, m...@vex.net says...
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
King Leopold (Belgium)
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Italy
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Central African Republic
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
France and Germany
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
>
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
Equatorial Guinea
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
Azores
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
Lesotho
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
G
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
P
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
S
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
L
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
T
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
W
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
J
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
F
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
B
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
U
--
Replace "usenet" with "marc" in the e-mail address.
---
This email has been checked for viruses by AVG.
http://www.avg.com
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
>
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
Liberia
>
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
>
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
>
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
>
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
>
> Please see the two handouts at:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
>
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
>
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
--
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Mark Brader
Nov 15, 2017, 12:30:46 AM11/15/17
to
Mark Brader:
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
Liberia. I'm also accepting the Orange Free State, which
was independent until its seizure by the British during 1900.
4 for Erland, Joshua, Dan Tilque, Marc, and Peter.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
King Leopold II (Belgium). 4 for Dan Tilque. 3 for Joshua.
The area became known as the Congo Free State and its successor
country today is the Democratic Republic of Congo.
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Italy. 4 for everyone -- Erland, Peter, Joshua, Jason, Dan Blum,
Calvin, Pete, Dan Tilque, and Marc.
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Togo. 4 for Jason and Dan Tilque. 3 for Dan Blum.
Namibia was a popular guess, but although it's on Africa's west
coast, it's not in the region of West Africa, which is only in the
Northern Hemisphere.
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
France, UK. 4 for Erland, Peter, Joshua, Dan Blum, Calvin,
and Dan Tilque.
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
Burundi, Rwanda. 4 for Erland, Peter, Joshua, Dan Blum, Calvin,
Pete, and Dan Tilque.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
Central African Republic. 4 for Peter, Joshua, Pete, and Dan Tilque.
3 for Dan Blum.
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
Cape Verde Is. (Cabo Verde.) 4 for Erland, Dan Blum, and Dan Tilque.
3 for Joshua and Calvin.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
Lesotho. 4 for Joshua, Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Marc. 3 for Peter.
2 for Calvin.
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
> Please see the two handouts at:
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
This was the easiest round in the original game, no doubt because
of the numerous, and often pointed, geographical hints.
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
H. 4 for Dan Tilque. 3 for Joshua and Dan Blum. 2 for Peter
and Pete.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
P. 4 for Pete and Marc. 2 for Peter and Dan Blum.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
S. 4 for Peter, Joshua, Jason, Dan Blum, Pete, Dan Tilque, and Marc.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
L. 4 for Joshua, Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Marc. 3 for Peter
and Pete.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
T. 4 for Erland, Dan Tilque, and Marc. 3 for Peter, Joshua,
Dan Blum, and Pete.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
V. 4 for Erland. 3 for Peter.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
J. 4 for Erland, Jason, Dan Blum, Pete, Dan Tilque, and Marc.
3 for Peter. 2 for Joshua.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
F. 4 for Erland, Peter, Joshua, Jason, Dan Blum, Pete, Dan Tilque,
and Marc.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
B. 4 for Erland, Dan Blum, Pete, Dan Tilque, and Marc. 3 for Peter
and Joshua.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
U. 4 for Erland, Dan Tilque, and Marc. 3 for Joshua and Dan Blum.
2 for Peter and Pete.
Scores, if there are no errors:
GAME 5 ROUNDS-> 2 3 TOTALS
TOPICS-> His Geo
Dan Tilque 40 32 72
Joshua Kreitzer 33 26 59
Dan Blum 26 31 57
Peter Smyth 23 29 52
Pete Gayde 16 30 46
Erland Sommarskog 20 24 44
Marc Dashevsky 12 32 44
"Calvin" 21 0 21
Jason Kreitzer 8 12 20
--
Mark Brader | Plan B is:
Toronto | "Try Plan A again; if this fails, try Plan B".
m...@vex.net | --Michael Wares
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2017-10-23,
> and should be interpreted accordingly... For further information
> see my 2017-09-25 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
Berlin. 4 for Calvin, Pete, and Dan Tilque. 3 for Joshua.
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
> * Game 5, Round 2 - History - The Scramble for Africa
> At the close of the 19th century the countries of Europe engaged in
> a colonialist power struggle for control of the "Dark Continent",
> which later became known as the "Scramble for Africa". These
> questions deal with that era.
> 1. In 1884-5 a conference, essentially setting out new "rules of
> acquisition" in Africa, was held in which European capital?
> 2. In 1900 there were only three independent nations in Africa.
> Two of these were Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and Morocco.
> Name the third.
was independent until its seizure by the British during 1900.
4 for Erland, Joshua, Dan Tilque, Marc, and Peter.
> 3. In 1884 a large tract of land in central Africa was granted
> directly to a European monarch rather than a nation. Who was
> this monarch?
The area became known as the Congo Free State and its successor
country today is the Democratic Republic of Congo.
> 4. Which nation attempted a conquest of Abyssinia in 1896, but
> suffered defeat at the battle of Adowa?
Calvin, Pete, Dan Tilque, and Marc.
> 5. Germany acquired its African colonies in the late 1800s, but
> lost them after World War I. German West Africa consisted of
> the two colonies which today are the countries of Cameroon and
> what other nation?
Namibia was a popular guess, but although it's on Africa's west
coast, it's not in the region of West Africa, which is only in the
Northern Hemisphere.
> 6. The Fashoda Incident of 1898 was a diplomatic row over modern-day
> Kodok in Sudan. This city was of strategic importance to two
> European countries that were each attempting to link different
> areas they had colonized. A war was narrowly averted. Which two
> countries are we talking about?
and Dan Tilque.
> 7. When Germany's colonies were redistributed after World War I,
> the Belgian Congo acquired two territories from the former
> German East Africa colony. They both became independent
> countries in 1962. What are they called now? Both names needed.
Pete, and Dan Tilque.
> 8. The French colonial empire in Africa was extensive. French
> Equatorial Africa consisted of four modern-day countries: Chad,
> Gabon, Republic of Congo, and what other country?
3 for Dan Blum.
> 9. Portugal had colonies in Africa dating back to the 15th century.
> By the late 19th century, some were large territories, like
> Angola and Mozambique. A smaller group of islands west of the
> African continent were in Portuguese hands from 1462 to 1975,
> when they became independent. Name this island group.
3 for Joshua and Calvin.
> 10. After decades of confrontation between King Moshoeshoe and
> British and Dutch colonists, a treaty was signed in 1868
> creating a British protectorate under the name Basutoland.
> What is the present-day name of Basutoland?
2 for Calvin.
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography - Indigenous Groups
> Please see the two handouts at:
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/people.jpg
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/g5r3/world.jpg
> I've put the questions in order of the illustrative images on
> the first handout (there were no decoys). Based on each image,
> and a short description, you give us the letter on the world map
> corresponding to where these indigenous groups reside (or resided,
> as indicated).
of the numerous, and often pointed, geographical hints.
> 1. The Nilotic people are spread over four countries and speak a
> variety of languages, such as Maasai, Dinka, and Maa.
and Pete.
> 2. The Dayak are the native people living principally in the
> interior of this large island. Their language is categorized
> as part of the Austronesian language family.
> 3. The Hmong form a minority in this region, where they settled
> in the 18th century after a southward migration.
> 4. The Bororo, a small group of under 2,000, are spread out over
> eight villages and were closely studied by anthropologist Claude
> Lévi-Strauss during his expedition to Mato Grosso.
and Pete.
> 5. The Adyghe is the native name of the Circassians. The diaspora
> of the Circassians has spread them out in the Middle East,
> but this region is their ancestral land.
Dan Blum, and Pete.
> 6. The Nenets used to be called "Samoyeds" by their more populous
> neighbors, who would ultimately absorb them. That term, which
> meant "self-eater", was derogatory and is no longer in use.
> 7. The Sanhaja Berbers used to be one of the largest Berber tribal
> confederations, but now live mostly in the Middle Atlas
> mountains.
3 for Peter. 2 for Joshua.
> 8. The Tigrinya speak an Ethiopean Semitic language and make up the
> majority of their country in the southern and central Red
> Sea area.
and Marc.
> 9. The Amuzgos got their name from a powerful neighbouring group,
> the Aztecs, and are known for their textiles handwoven on
> backstrap looms with complicated two-dimensional designs.
and Joshua.
> 10. The Mordvins live in an autonomous region of Mordovia, and
> their language is part of the Uralic language family, so named
> after the nearby Urals.
2 for Peter and Pete.
Scores, if there are no errors:
GAME 5 ROUNDS-> 2 3 TOTALS
TOPICS-> His Geo
Dan Tilque 40 32 72
Joshua Kreitzer 33 26 59
Dan Blum 26 31 57
Peter Smyth 23 29 52
Pete Gayde 16 30 46
Erland Sommarskog 20 24 44
Marc Dashevsky 12 32 44
"Calvin" 21 0 21
Jason Kreitzer 8 12 20
--
Mark Brader | Plan B is:
Toronto | "Try Plan A again; if this fails, try Plan B".
m...@vex.net | --Michael Wares
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