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RQFTCI03 Game 8 Rounds 4,6: ancient warfare, Middle East

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Mark Brader

unread,
Jan 28, 2021, 5:04:40 PM1/28/21
to
These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2003-03-10,
and should be interpreted accordingly. All questions were written
by members of the Usual Suspects, but have been reformatted and
may have been retyped and/or edited by me. I will reveal the
correct answers in about 3 days.

For further information, including an explanation of the """
notation that may appear in these rounds, see my 2020-06-23
companion posting on "Reposted Questions from the Canadian
Inquisition (RQFTCI*)".


I think I wrote at least part of one of these rounds.


* Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare

All questions refer to words used either in ancient Greece or in
ancient Rome. In some cases the words have acquired in English
usage a somewhat different spelling or pronunciation from their
ancient form.

1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
"stomach". What sort of weapon?

3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?

5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
"hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?

6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?

7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
three... what?

8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?

9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
coming within sword range?

10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?


* Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East

Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:

http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg

1. Name the Israeli desert at E.
2. Name the Turkish lake at K.
3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
indicated place.

4. Bahrain.
5. Basra.
6. Sanaa.
7. Luxor.
8. Tehran.

After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
rot13 to see the last two:

9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.
10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

And if you want more fun, but no more points, decode the rot13 to
see 10 more cities and 6 more bodies of water, and give the number
for each city and the letter for each body of water.

11. Zrppn.
12. Qhonv.
13. Nyrknaqevn.
14. Zhfpng.
15. Nyrccb.
16. Pnveb.
17. Nzzna.
18. Ontuqnq.
19. Qbun, Dngne.
20. Zrqvan.
21. Ono ry Znaqno.
22. Thys bs Nqra.
23. Thys bs Bzna.
24. Nenovna Frn.
25. Thys bs Ndnon.
26. Fgenvg bs Ubezhm.

--
Mark Brader | "We didn't just track down that bug,
Toronto | we left evidence of its extermination
m...@vex.net | as a warning to other bugs" --Dan Lyke

My text in this article is in the public domain.

Dan Blum

unread,
Jan 28, 2021, 6:35:22 PM1/28/21
to
Mark Brader <m...@vex.net> wrote:

> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare

> 1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

catapult

> 2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
> ["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
> "stomach". What sort of weapon?

polearm

> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

sax

> 4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?

spear

> 5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
> "hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
> Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
> somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?

shields; pikes

> 6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?

shield

> 7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
> was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
> three... what?

banks of oars

> 8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
> use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?

a pointed "beak" on the prow used for ramming

> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?

phalanx

> 10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?

a formation of men holding their shields over their heads

> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East

> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Van

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Suez

> 4. Bahrain.

18

> 5. Basra.

19

> 6. Sanaa.

10

> 7. Luxor.

33; 32

> 8. Tehran.

27

> 9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.

Riyadh

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Dubai

--
_______________________________________________________________________
Dan Blum to...@panix.com
"I wouldn't have believed it myself if I hadn't just made it up."

Joshua Kreitzer

unread,
Jan 28, 2021, 11:35:53 PM1/28/21
to
m...@vex.net (Mark Brader) wrote in news:-MydnTFkZ8duqY79nZ2dnUU7-
cnN...@giganews.com:

> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare
>
> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

gladius

> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?

phalanx

> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East
>
> Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg
>
> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Gulf of Aqaba; Red Sea

> For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
> indicated place.
>
> 4. Bahrain.

18

> 5. Basra.

19

> 6. Sanaa.

10; 11

> 7. Luxor.

33; 32

> 8. Tehran.

25; 27

> After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
> rot13 to see the last two:
>
> 9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.

Riyadh

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Abu Dhabi; Dubai

--
Joshua Kreitzer
grom...@hotmail.com

Dan Tilque

unread,
Jan 29, 2021, 4:51:27 AM1/29/21
to
On 1/28/21 2:04 PM, Mark Brader wrote:
>
> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare
>
> All questions refer to words used either in ancient Greece or in
> ancient Rome. In some cases the words have acquired in English
> usage a somewhat different spelling or pronunciation from their
> ancient form.
>
> 1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

catapult

>
> 2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
> ["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
> "stomach". What sort of weapon?
>
> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

gladius

>
> 4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?

spear

>
> 5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
> "hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
> Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
> somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?

heavy shield

>
> 6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?

small shield

>
> 7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
> was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
> three... what?

levels of oars

>
> 8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
> use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?

plank with a spike on the end used for boarding other ships

>
> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?

phalanx

>
> 10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?

square infantry formation with internal shields raised to protect from
projectiles

>
>
> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East
>
> Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg
>
> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Van

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Suez

>
> For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
> indicated place.
>
> 4. Bahrain.

17

> 5. Basra.

19

> 6. Sanaa.

11

> 7. Luxor.

33

> 8. Tehran.

25

>
> After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
> rot13 to see the last two:
>
> 9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.

Riyadh

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Abu Dhabi

>
> And if you want more fun, but no more points, decode the rot13 to
> see 10 more cities and 6 more bodies of water, and give the number
> for each city and the letter for each body of water.
>
> 11. Zrppn.
> 12. Qhonv.
> 13. Nyrknaqevn.
> 14. Zhfpng.
> 15. Nyrccb.
> 16. Pnveb.
> 17. Nzzna.
> 18. Ontuqnq.
> 19. Qbun, Dngne.
> 20. Zrqvan.
> 21. Ono ry Znaqno.
> 22. Thys bs Nqra.
> 23. Thys bs Bzna.
> 24. Nenovna Frn.
> 25. Thys bs Ndnon.
> 26. Fgenvg bs Ubezhm.
>

--
Dan Tilque

Pete Gayde

unread,
Jan 29, 2021, 11:04:21 AM1/29/21
to
Mark Brader wrote:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2003-03-10,
> and should be interpreted accordingly. All questions were written
> by members of the Usual Suspects, but have been reformatted and
> may have been retyped and/or edited by me. I will reveal the
> correct answers in about 3 days.
>
> For further information, including an explanation of the """
> notation that may appear in these rounds, see my 2020-06-23
> companion posting on "Reposted Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (RQFTCI*)".
>
>
> I think I wrote at least part of one of these rounds.
>
>
> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare
>
> All questions refer to words used either in ancient Greece or in
> ancient Rome. In some cases the words have acquired in English
> usage a somewhat different spelling or pronunciation from their
> ancient form.
>
> 1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

Battering ram

>
> 2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
> ["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
> "stomach". What sort of weapon?

Sword

>
> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)
>
> 4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?
>
> 5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
> "hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
> Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
> somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?
>
> 6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?
>
> 7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
> was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
> three... what?

Sails; Hulls

>
> 8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
> use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?
>
> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?
>
> 10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?
>
>
> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East
>
> Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:
>
> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg
>
> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Anatolia

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Suez

>
> For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
> indicated place.
>
> 4. Bahrain.

18

> 5. Basra.

19

> 6. Sanaa.

11; 10

> 7. Luxor.

33; 32

> 8. Tehran.

25

>
> After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
> rot13 to see the last two:
>
> 9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.

Riyadh

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Dubai

>
> And if you want more fun, but no more points, decode the rot13 to
> see 10 more cities and 6 more bodies of water, and give the number
> for each city and the letter for each body of water.
>
> 11. Zrppn.

4; 5

> 12. Qhonv.

15

> 13. Nyrknaqevn.

34

> 14. Zhfpng.

14

> 15. Nyrccb.

29

> 16. Pnveb.

35

> 17. Nzzna.

31

> 18. Ontuqnq.

22

> 19. Qbun, Dngne.

17

> 20. Zrqvan.

6

> 21. Ono ry Znaqno.
> 22. Thys bs Nqra.

A

> 23. Thys bs Bzna.

G

> 24. Nenovna Frn.

F

> 25. Thys bs Ndnon.

C

> 26. Fgenvg bs Ubezhm.

H

>

Pete Gayde

Erland Sommarskog

unread,
Jan 29, 2021, 11:26:31 AM1/29/21
to
Mark Brader (m...@vex.net) writes:
> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East
> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Van

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Bay of Suez

> 4. Bahrain.

18

> 5. Basra.

19

> 6. Sanaa.

10

> 7. Luxor.

33

> 8. Tehran.

25

> 9. Anzr gur pvgl ng ahzore bar.

Riyadh

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Abu Dhabi

> 11. Zrppn.

5

> 12. Qhonv.

15

> 13. Nyrknaqevn.

34

> 14. Zhfpng.

14

> 15. Nyrccb.

29

> 16. Pnveb.

35

> 17. Nzzna.

31

> 18. Ontuqnq.

22

> 19. Qbun, Dngne.

17

> 20. Zrqvan.

6

> 21. Ono ry Znaqno.

13

Mark Brader

unread,
Feb 1, 2021, 1:54:40 AM2/1/21
to
Mark Brader:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2003-03-10,
> and should be interpreted accordingly... For further information...
> see my 2020-06-23 companion posting on "Reposted Questions from
> the Canadian Inquisition (RQFTCI*)".


> I think I wrote part of one of these rounds.

That was the history round.


> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare

> All questions refer to words used either in ancient Greece or in
> ancient Rome. In some cases the words have acquired in English
> usage a somewhat different spelling or pronunciation from their
> ancient form.

> 1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

Catapult. 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

So named because its recoil had quite a kick. See:
http://www.pathfindersdesignandtechnology.com/pathfinders/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Onager1.jpeg

> 2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
> ["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
> "stomach". What sort of weapon?

Crossbow.

You braced it against your stomach to pull the bow. See:
http://i.imgur.com/7ylnwni.jpg

> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

(Think Russell Crowe movies.) Gladius. 4 for Joshua
and Dan Tilque.

The smaller version was a gladiolus.

> 4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?

Javelin (or spear). 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

> 5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
> "hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
> Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
> somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?

Shield. 4 for Dan Tilque. 3 for Dan Blum.

> 6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?

Again, a shield. 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

> 7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
> was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
> three... what?

Banks of oarsmen (on each side). 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

See: http://i.redd.it/1xgi6us37o831.jpg

> 8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
> use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?

A spiked gangplank. (Anything giving the general idea was okay.)
4 for Dan Tilque.

The spikes would dig into the enemy ship, attaching it to the Roman
ship; then the Roman soldiers could force their way on board and
fight the way they would on land. See:
http://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-1ce758cbb1fcbd19ee5c3f9eb0a56770

> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?

Phalanx (we accepted "phalange"). 4 for Dan Blum, Joshua,
and Dan Tilque.

See:
http://teaspoonofhistory.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/222_rmw_macedonian_phalanx.jpg

> 10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?

Same idea as a phalanx, but with the closely formed soldiers
carrying shields for defense rather than spears for offense.
4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

The word means "turtle". See:
http://cdna.artstation.com/p/assets/images/images/022/034/660/large/pawel-kurowski-legionisci-final.jpg?1573847186


> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East

> Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:

> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg

> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev. 4 for everyone -- Dan Blum, Joshua, Dan Tilque, Pete,
and Erland.

This desert came up on "Jeopardy!" on Friday, when they asked
for the largest city in it. It's Beersheba, but it's not marked
on this round's map.

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Lake Van. 4 for Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Erland.

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Gulf of Suez. 4 for Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Pete. 3 for Erland.

> For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
> indicated place.

> 4. Bahrain.

#18. 4 for Dan Blum, Joshua, Pete, and Erland.

> 5. Basra.

#19. 4 for everyone.

> 6. Sanaa.

#10. 4 for Dan Blum and Erland. 3 for Joshua. 2 for Pete.

> 7. Luxor.

#33. 4 for Dan Tilque and Erland. 3 for Dan Blum, Joshua,
and Pete.

> 8. Tehran.

#25. 4 for Dan Tilque, Pete, and Erland. 3 for Joshua.

> After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
> rot13 to see the last two:

> 9. Name the city at number one.

Riyadh. 4 for everyone.

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Abu Dhabi. 4 for Dan Tilque and Erland. 3 for Joshua.

> And if you want more fun, but no more points, decode the rot13 to
> see 10 more cities and 6 more bodies of water, and give the number
> for each city and the letter for each body of water.

> 11. Mecca.

#5. Erland got this.

Only one guess on "no points" questions, please.

> 12. Dubai.

#15. Pete and Erland got this.

> 13. Alexandria.

#34. Pete and Erland got this.

> 14. Muscat.

#14. Pete and Erland got this.

> 15. Aleppo.

#29. Pete and Erland got this.

> 16. Cairo.

#35. Pete and Erland got this.

> 17. Amman.

#31. Pete and Erland got this.

> 18. Baghdad.

#22. Pete and Erland got this.

> 19. Doha, Qatar.

#17. Pete and Erland got this.

> 20. Medina.

#4.

> 21. Bab el Mandab.

B.

> 22. Gulf of Aden.

A. Pete and Erland got this.

> 23. Gulf of Oman.

G. Pete and Erland got this.

> 24. Arabian Sea.

F. Pete and Erland got this.

> 25. Gulf of Aqaba.

C. Pete and Erland got this.

> 26. Strait of Hormuz.

H. Pete and Erland got this.


Scores, if there are no errors:

GAME 8 ROUNDS-> 2 3 4 6 TOTALS
TOPICS-> Lit Sci His Geo
Dan Blum 23 32 27 31 113
Dan Tilque 4 24 36 32 96
Joshua Kreitzer 24 32 8 28 92
Erland Sommarskog 0 12 0 39 51
Pete Gayde 4 12 0 29 45

--
Mark Brader, Toronto | "Jargon leakage is getting to be a real problem;
m...@vex.net | sb should do sth about it." --R.H. Draney

Mark Brader

unread,
Feb 1, 2021, 1:56:47 AM2/1/21
to
Oops, I forgot to change the Subject line and also forgot to note
that the next set, comprising Rounds 7 and 8 of this game, was
already posted more than a day ago.


Mark Brader:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2003-03-10,
> and should be interpreted accordingly... For further information...
> see my 2020-06-23 companion posting on "Reposted Questions from
> the Canadian Inquisition (RQFTCI*)".


> I think I wrote part of one of these rounds.

That was the history round.


> * Game 8, Round 4 - History - Terms of Ancient Warfare

> All questions refer to words used either in ancient Greece or in
> ancient Rome. In some cases the words have acquired in English
> usage a somewhat different spelling or pronunciation from their
> ancient form.

> 1. What sort of Roman weapon was called an "onager", or jackass?

Catapult. 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

So named because its recoil had quite a kick. See:
http://www.pathfindersdesignandtechnology.com/pathfinders/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Onager1.jpeg

> 2. The Greeks had a weapon called a "gastraphetes"
> ["GAS-tra-FEE-teez"], and yes, that prefix does mean
> "stomach". What sort of weapon?

Crossbow.

You braced it against your stomach to pull the bow. See:
http://i.imgur.com/7ylnwni.jpg

> 3. What was the Latin word for a sword, specifically the short
> sword used for most of Roman history? (Give the normal word,
> not the diminutive used for a smaller version.)

(Think Russell Crowe movies.) Gladius. 4 for Joshua
and Dan Tilque.

The smaller version was a gladiolus.

> 4. What sort of weapon did the Romans call a "pilum"?

Javelin (or spear). 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

> 5. An important class of Greek soldiers are known in English as
> "hoplites" ["HOP-lights"], from the "hoplon" that they carried.
> Although its usage in actual ancient Greek was apparently
> somewhat different, what would we mean by "hoplon" today?

Shield. 4 for Dan Tilque. 3 for Dan Blum.

> 6. In Roman warfare, what was a "scutum" ["SCOOT-um"]?

Again, a shield. 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

> 7. For centuries the most important class of Greek battleship
> was the trireme. The prefix "tri-" indicates that there were
> three... what?

Banks of oarsmen (on each side). 4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

See: http://i.redd.it/1xgi6us37o831.jpg

> 8. When a Roman ship went up against an enemy ship, they might
> use the "corvus", which means crow. What was that?

A spiked gangplank. (Anything giving the general idea was okay.)
4 for Dan Tilque.

The spikes would dig into the enemy ship, attaching it to the Roman
ship; then the Roman soldiers could force their way on board and
fight the way they would on land. See:
http://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-1ce758cbb1fcbd19ee5c3f9eb0a56770

> 9. What was the name for a close formation of men in Greek warfare,
> where one man would advance between the spears of the men behind
> him, so that an enemy would face a mass of spear points before
> coming within sword range?

Phalanx (we accepted "phalange"). 4 for Dan Blum, Joshua,
and Dan Tilque.

See:
http://teaspoonofhistory.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/222_rmw_macedonian_phalanx.jpg

> 10. In Roman warfare, what was a "testudo"?

Same idea as a phalanx, but with the closely formed soldiers
carrying shields for defense rather than spears for offense.
4 for Dan Blum and Dan Tilque.

The word means "turtle". See:
http://cdna.artstation.com/p/assets/images/images/022/034/660/large/pawel-kurowski-legionisci-final.jpg?1573847186


> * Game 8, Round 6 - Geography - The Middle East

> Answer the following questions, based on the handout provided:

> http://www.eskimo.com/~scs/msb/o8/6/mideast.jpg

> 1. Name the Israeli desert at E.

Negev. 4 for everyone -- Dan Blum, Joshua, Dan Tilque, Pete,
and Erland.

This desert came up on "Jeopardy!" on Friday, when they asked
for the largest city in it. It's Beersheba, but it's not marked
on this round's map.

> 2. Name the Turkish lake at K.

Lake Van. 4 for Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Erland.

> 3. Name the Egyptian gulf at D.

Gulf of Suez. 4 for Dan Blum, Dan Tilque, and Pete. 3 for Erland.

> For the next 5 questions give the number corresponding to the
> indicated place.

> 4. Bahrain.

#18. 4 for Dan Blum, Joshua, Pete, and Erland.

> 5. Basra.

#19. 4 for everyone.

> 6. Sanaa.

#10. 4 for Dan Blum and Erland. 3 for Joshua. 2 for Pete.

> 7. Luxor.

#33. 4 for Dan Tilque and Erland. 3 for Dan Blum, Joshua,
and Pete.

> 8. Tehran.

#25. 4 for Dan Tilque, Pete, and Erland. 3 for Joshua.

> After you've finished with the other questions, please decipher the
> rot13 to see the last two:

> 9. Name the city at number one.

Riyadh. 4 for everyone.

> 10. Anzr gur Crefvna Thys pvgl ng ahzore fvkgrra.

Abu Dhabi. 4 for Dan Tilque and Erland. 3 for Joshua.

> And if you want more fun, but no more points, decode the rot13 to
> see 10 more cities and 6 more bodies of water, and give the number
> for each city and the letter for each body of water.

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