Mark Brader:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2015-05-25,
> and should be interpreted accordingly. For further information
> see my 2015-08-18 companion posting on "Questions from the Canadian
> Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
> * Game 5, Round 2 - Science - Weights and Measures
> From the weight of apples and BMI (body mass index) to our commute
> time on the TTC, we are always measuring things like weight, time,
> and distance. In honor of the things that keep us ticking, here
> are 10 questions on the science and units of measurement.
> All units that we'll ask about in this round are part of the SI --
> the Système International d'Unités.
> 1. What is the science of measurement called?
Metrology. World Metrology Day was celebrated on May 20, remember?
4 for Dan Tilque, Bruce, Stephen, and Joshua.
> 2. Although angles in two dimensions are commonly measured in
> degrees, what is the SI unit for this?
Radian. 4 for everyone -- Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc,
Erland, Björn, Stephen, Joshua, Calvin, and Pete.
> 3. Named after the scientist who discovered the phenomenon,
> what is the SI unit of "activity referred to a radionuclide",
> or in everyday language, radioactivity?
Becquerel. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Erland, Stephen,
and Calvin. 3 for Björn and Joshua. 2 for Dan Blum.
Some people tried the curie; this is a non-SI unit (although in the
US it is accepted for use with the SI) equal to 37 gigabecquerels.
Radioactivity was discovered by Becquerel in 1896; Pierre and Marie
Curie were among the first people who then worked with it.
There are other units related to radioactivity and named after
people, but they all relate to people exposed to radiation, not the
radioactivity itself. The roentgen is a unit of radiation exposure;
the rem (where the "R" stands for roentgen), the gray, and the sievert
are all units of absorbed dose. The last two of these are SI units
and the roentgen is accepted in the US for use with the SI.
> 4. There are seven fundamental SI units, called the "base units".
> Four of these are the meter (length/distance), kilogram (mass),
> second (time), and kelvin (temperature). Name *any one* of
> the other three. (You don't need to say what it measures.)
Ampere, candela, mole. 4 for Dan Tilque, Marc, Erland, Björn,
and Stephen.
> Please decode the rot13 for question 5 -- and *not* for any later
> questions, yet -- only after you have finished with #1-4.
< 5. The three correct answers to #4 are the ampere (electric
< current), candela (luminous intensity), and mole (amount of
< substance). Of all seven base units, listed in questions #4-5,
< only one is still based on a physical artifact (in other words,
< a tangible object). Which unit is that?
Kilogram. You were asked for a unit, not a unit of what, but
I generously scored "mass" as almost correct (since #4 stated
explicitly that the kilogram is a unit of mass). 4 for Dan Tilque,
Peter, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland, and Joshua. 3 for Björn and Calvin.
> Now please decode the rot13 for the remaining questions only after
> you have finished with the #1-5.
> 6. Specifically, the kilogram is defined as the mass of a metal
> alloy cylinder kept in France. Name *either* of the two elements
> this cylinder is made of.
Platinum (90%), iridium (10%). 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce,
Marc, Stephen, and Joshua (the hard way).
> 7. Owing to deviations between the standard kilogram cylinder
> and its replicas, there are proposals to redefine the
> kilogram in terms of a constant used in quantum mechanics.
> The constant is denoted by the lower-case letter "h" and its
> value is 6.626 × 10^-34 joule-seconds. Which scientist is that
> constant named after?
Max Planck. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc, Stephen,
and Calvin.
> 8. The unit of thermodynamic temperature is the kelvin, and is
> defined in terms of the triple point of water. To the nearest
> whole kelvin, what is the triple point of water?
273 K. (The exact value is 273.16 K.) You were asked for the triple
point, not how many kelvins it is, but I generously accepted "273"
without a unit as almost correct. 4 for Peter, Björn, and Joshua.
3 for Dan Tilque, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland, Stephen, and Calvin.
> 9. Which universal constant is used to define the meter?
Speed of light (in vacuum). The meter is defined so as to make it
exactly 299,792,458 m/s. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Dan Blum,
Marc, Björn, Calvin, and Pete.
You were asked for the constant, not the definition, but I would have
generously scored "the length that light travels in 1/299,792,458 s"
as almost correct, or even a version with the fraction given as
1/300,000,000. However, the entrant who tried this answer gave it
as 1/300,000!
> 10. One mole of an element contains 6.022 x 10^23 atoms. What is
> this constant number called?
Avogadro's number. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc,
Erland, Björn, Stephen, Joshua, and Pete.
> * Game 5, Round 3 - Geography and History - Cities of the Mediterranean
> This round is about present or past cities on the Mediterranean
> coast. In each case, name the city.
> 1. This ancient Phoenician city was originally built on an island
> just offshore from what is now Lebanon. In 332 BC Alexander the
> Great famously built a causeway from the mainland to the city,
> allowing his army to conquer it.
Tyre. 4 for Dan Tilque, Dan Blum, Marc, Björn, Stephen, Joshua,
and Pete.
> 2. This city in what is now Sicily was the target of a disastrous
> Athenian military expedition in 415 BC during the Peloponnesian
> War: the entire expeditionary force was either killed or captured
> and sold into slavery.
Syracuse. And I'm definitely not accepting "Sicily"! 4 for Dan Blum,
Erland, and Björn.
> 3. Known as the coffee capital of Italy, this city near the Northern
> tip of the Adriatic Sea was ruled for centuries by the Habsburg
> Monarchy until it was annexed by Italy following World War I.
Trieste. 4 for Dan Tilque, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland, Stephen,
Joshua, Calvin, and Pete.
> 4. This city changed hands five times during World War II,
> but these days it is more famous for the 2012-09-11 attacks
> on American diplomatic compounds and the resulting political
> scandal that followed.
Benghazi. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland,
Stephen, Joshua, and Pete.
> 5. This city lying in the shadow of Mt. Vesuvius is famous today
> as the birthplace of pizza, the mandolin, and the Camorra
> crime syndicate.
Naples. 4 for everyone.
> 6. In 1994, archaeologists discovered remains of an ancient
> lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom. One of the Seven
> Wonders of the Ancient World, some estimates have placed the
> height of this lighthouse at 450 feet (137 meters) -- quite a
> feat of engineering in 247 BC, when it was completed. Name the
> city, still in existence, where this lighthouse once stood.
Alexandria. I scored "Pharos" as almost correct; it's the
place (then an island) *in* Alexandria where the lighthouse was.
4 for Dan Tilque, Bruce, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland, Björn, Stephen,
Joshua, and Pete. 3 for Peter.
> 7. Known more for its vibrant nightlife than for its relatively
> short history, this city was founded in 1909 by 66 immigrant
> families. It suffered heavy damage from Scud missiles launched
> by Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War.
Tel Aviv. 4 for Dan Tilque, Dan Blum, Marc, Stephen, Joshua,
and Pete.
> 8. Once the seat of activity for Barbary pirates, this city later
> came under French colonial rule that lasted until 1962. It is
> famous as the setting for Albert Camus's novel "The Outsider"
> (also titled "The Stranger").
Algiers. 4 for Dan Tilque, Marc, Björn, Stephen, and Pete.
3 for Joshua.
> 9. In 1915, an Allied expeditionary force set up base at this
> second-largest city of Greece, which served as a staging
> area for the opening of the Macedonian Front of World War I.
> The city played a somewhat less glorious role in World War II,
> as it was seized without a struggle in 1941 by the German 2nd
> Panzer Division.
Thessaloniki or Salonika. 4 for Dan Tilque, Marc, Erland, Stephen,
Joshua, and Pete.
> 10. In the aftermath of the battle that would decide the end of the
> Third Punic War, this city in modern Tunisia was razed to the
> ground by the Romans, who later sold some 50,000 of its former
> inhabitants into slavery. These harsh measures were considered
> fitting revenge for the crushing defeats inflicted upon Rome
> by Hannibal during the war. Name the ancient city destroyed
> by the Romans.
Carthage. 4 for Dan Tilque, Peter, Dan Blum, Marc, Erland, Björn,
Stephen, Joshua, Calvin, and Pete.
Scores, if there are no errors:
GAME 5 ROUNDS-> 2 3 TOTALS
TOPICS-> Sci His
Dan Tilque 39 36 75
Stephen Perry 31 36 67
Marc Dashevsky 31 36 67
Joshua Kreitzer 27 35 62
Dan Blum 25 32 57
Erland Sommarskog 23 28 51
Peter Smyth 36 15 51
Bruce Bowler 35 16 51
Björn Lundin 26 24 50
Pete Gayde 12 36 48
"Calvin" 22 12 34
--
Mark Brader | "I think it's safe to say that no person can hope to
Toronto | achieve basic life competence without consulting my
m...@vex.net | work on a regular basis." -- Cecil Adams