gtr <x...@yyy.zzz> wrote in news:201211242113589944-xxx@yyyzzz:
>> And in English, the capital of China is PEKING!!!!
>
> Precisely the point I made up stream; in English the capital
> of China is now no longer PEKING!!! but is in fact BEIJING!!!
> So it makes me wonder how it is that the name changed, all at
> once, from one anglicized version to another.
Cranking up the way back machine, it turns out that Peking was
changed to Peiping under the not-so-benevolent rule of
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek (Jian Je-Shi in Chinese).
"Over the past 3,000 years, the city has held many names. Beijing
– from the Chinese characters ? for north and ? for capital –
means the "Northern Capital". The name used during the Ming
Dynasty, when the Yongle Emperor restored it as a dual capital
and distinguished it from Nanjing (the "Southern Capital").[11]
The name was restored again upon the establishment of the
People's Republic of China in 1949. The English spelling is based
on the pinyin romanization of the two characters as they are
pronounced in Standard Mandarin.
"An older English spelling, Peking, is the Postal Map
Romanization of the same characters based upon the Chinese
dialects spoken in the southern port towns first visited by
European traders and missionaries.[12] These dialects preserve
the Middle Chinese form of ? as kjaeng,[13] prior to a phonetic
shift in the northern dialects to the modern pronunciation.
"In Chinese, the one-character abbreviation of Beijing is "?",
which appears on automobile licence plates in the city. In the
Latin alphabet, the official abbreviation consists of the two
initials of the region's characters: "BJ"."
So, as usual, the name does not come from the language of those
who live there but those who live elsewhere, much like the word
Eskimo is of non-Inuit origin (many interpretations).
Romanization of Chinese introduced many errors into the
pronunciation of names. And there is the British refusal to hear
M as anything but B (Mumbai - Bombay, Mrnma - Burma).
--
Traditions are group efforts to keep the unexpected
from happening.
-- Barbara Tober