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The Islamic view of Jesus lies between two extremes. The Jews , who
rejected Jesus as a Prophet of God, called him an impostor. The
Christians, on the other hand, considered him to be the son of God and
worship him as such. Islam considers Jesus to be one of the great
prophets of God and respects him as much as Ibrahim (Abraham), Moses,
and Mohammed. (Peace Be Upon Them) This is conformity with the Islamic
view of the oneness of God, the oneness of Divine guidance, and the
complementary role of the subsequent mission of God's messengers.
The essence of Islam - willing submission to the will of God - was
revealed to Adam, who was passed it on to his children. All following
revelations to Noah, Ibrahim, Moses, Jesus, and finally Mohammed
(Peace Be Upon Them) were conformity with that message, with some
elaboration to define the revelation between man and God, man and man,
man and instWHAT IS ISLAM?
Can we find an explanation of the great universe? Is there any
convincing interpretation of the secret of existence? We realize that
no family can function properly without a responsible head, that no
city can prosperously exist without sound administration, and that no
state can survive without a leader of some kind. We also realize that
nothing comes into being on its own. Moreover, we observe that the
universe exists and functions in the most orderly manner, and that it
has survived for hundreds of thousand of years. Can we then say that
all this is accidental and haphazard? Can we attribute the existence
of man and the whole world to mere chance.
Man represents only a very small portion of the great universe. And if
he can make plans and appreciate the merits of planning, then his own
existence and the survival of the universe must also be a planned
policy. This means that there is an extraordinary power to bring
things into being and keep them moving in order.
In the world then must be a great force in action to keep everything
in order. In the beautiful nature there must be a Great creator who
creates the most charming pieces of art produces every thing for a
special purpose in life. The deeply enlightened people recognize this
creator and call him Allah "God". He is not a man because no man can
create or make another man. He is not an animal, nor he is a plant. He
is neither an Idol nor is He a statue of any kind because non of these
things can make itself or create anything else. He is different from
all these things because he is the maker and keeper of them all. The
maker of anything must be different from and greater than things which
he makes.
There are various ways to know God "ALLAH'' and there are many things
to tell about him. The great wonders and impressive marvels of the
world are like open books in which we can read about God. Besides, God
Himself comes to our aid through the many Messengers and revelations
He has sent down to man. These Messengers and revelations tell us
everything we need to know about God.
The complete acceptance of the teachings and guidance of God 'Allah'
as revealed to His Messengers Muhammad is the religion of Islam. Islam
enjoins faith in the oneness and sovereignty of Allah, which makes man
aware of meaningfulness of the Universe and of his place in it. This
belief frees him from all fears and superstitions by making him
conscious of the presence of the Almighty Allah and of man's
obligations towards Him. This faith must be expressed and tested in
actions, faith alone is not enough. Belief in one God requires that we
look upon all humanity as one family under the universal Omnipotence
of God the Creator and Nourisher of all. Islam rejects the idea of
chosen people, making belief in God and good actions the only way to
heaven. Thus, a direct relationship in established with God, without
any intercessor.
Islam is not a new religion. It is, in essence, the same message and
guidance which Allah revealed to all Prophets. Adam, Noah, Abraham,
Ismael, David, Moses and Jesus (PBUT). But the message which was
revealed to Prophet Mohammed (PBUT) is Islam in its comprehensive,
complete and final form.
The Quran is the last revealed word of Allah and the basic source of
Islamic teachings and laws. The Quran deals with the basis of creeds,
morality, history of humanity, worship, knowledge, wisdom, God-man
relationship, and human relationship in all aspects. Comprehensive
teaching on which, can be built sound systems of social justice,
economics, politics, legislation, jurisprudence, law and international
relations, are important contents of the Quran. Hadith, the teachings,
sayings and actions of Prophet Mohammed (PBUT), meticulously reported
and collected by his devoted companions. Explained and elaborated the
Quranic verses.
THE FUNDAMENTAL ARTICLES OF FAITH IN ISLAM
The true faithful Muslim believes in the following Principal articles
of faith:-
He believes in One God 'Allah', Supreme and Eternal, Infinite and
Mighty, Merciful and Compassionate, Creator and Provider.
He believes in all Messengers of God without any discrimination among
them. Every known nation had a warner or Messenger from God. They were
chosen by God to teach mankind and deliver His divine message. The
Quran mentions the name of twenty five of them. Among them Mohammad
stands as the last Messenger and the crowning glory of the foundation
of Prophethood.
Muslin believes in all scriptures and revelations of God. They were
the guiding light which the Messengers received to show their
respected peoples the Right Path of God. In the Quran a special
reference is made to the books of Abraham, Moses, David and Jesus. But
long before the revelations has been lost or corrupted. The only
authentic and complete book of God in existence in the Quran.
The true Muslim believes in the Angels of Allah. They are purely
spiritual and splendid beings whose nature requires on food, drink or
sleep. They spend their days and nights in the worship of God.
Muslim believes in the last Day of Judgement. This world will come to
an end someday, and the dead will rise to stand for their final and
fair trial. People with good records will be generously, rewarded and
warmly welcomed to the Heaven of Allah, and those with bad records
will be punished and cast into Hell.
Muslim believes in the timeless knowledge of God and His power to plan
and execute His planes and nothing could happen in His Kingdom against
His will. His knowledge and power are in action at all times and
command over His creation. He is wise and merciful, and whatever He
does must have a meaningful purpose. If this is established in our
mind and hearts, we should accept with good faith all that He does,
although we may fail to under stand it fully, or think it is bad.
THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
Faith without actions arid practice is a dead end, as far as Islam is
concerned. Faith by nature is very sensitive and can be most
effective. When it is not out of practice or out of use, it quickly
loses its liveliness and motivation power.
There are five pillars of Islam:
The declaration of faith: To bear witness that there is none worthy of
worship except Allah, and that Mohammad (PBUH) is His Messenger to all
human beings till the Day of Judgment. The Prophethood of Mohammad
obliges the Muslims to follow, His exemplary life as a model.
Prayers: Daily, prayers are offered five times a day as a duty towards
Allah. They strengthen and enliven the belief in Allah and inspire man
to a higher morality. They purify the heart and prevent temptation
towards wrong - doings and evil.
Fasting the month of Ramadan. The Muslims during the month of Ramadan
not only abstain from food, drink and sexual intercourse from dawn to
sunset but also sincerity and devotion. It develops a sound social
conscience, patience, unselfishness and will - Power.
Zakkah: The literal and simple meaning of Zakkah is purity. The
technical meaning of this word designates the annual amount in kind or
coin which a Muslim with means must distribute among the rightful
beneficiaries. But the religious and spiritual significance of Zakkah
is much deeper and more lively. So it has humanitarian and
sociopolitical values.
Hajj (Pilgrimage to Makkah): It is to be performed once in a lifetime,
if one can afford it financially and physically.
ructions. Thus, any contradictions among revealed religions is viewed
by Islam as a man-made element introduced into these religions. The
position of Jesus in the three major religions - Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam - should not be an exception.
Although the Quran does not present a detailed life-story of Jesus, it
highlights the important aspects of his birth, his mission, his
ascension to heaven, and passes judgements on the Christian beliefs
concerning him. The Quranic account of Jesus starts with the
conception of his mother, Mary, whose mother, the wife of Imran, vowed
to dedicate her child to the service of God in the temple. When Mary
became a woman, the Holy Spirit (the Archangel Gabriel) appeared to
her as a man bringing her news of a son. We read the following
dialogue in the Quran between Mary and the Angel:
"When the angel said, "Mary, god gives you a good tidings of a Word
from Him whose name is messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, -high honoured
shall he be in this world and the next, near stationed to God. He
shall speak to men in the cradle, and of age, and righteous he shall
be, "lord" said Mary "How shall I have a son, seeing no mortal has
touched me? "Even so, he said "God creates what He will".
When he decrees a thing He but say to it, "Be", and it is. (Al-Imran
3:45-47)
In a chapter (Surah) entitled "Maryam" (Mary), the Quran tells us how
Mary gave birth to her son, and how the Jesus accused her when she
brought the child home:
"Then she brought the child to her folk, carrying him, and they said,
"Mary, you have surely committed a monstrous thing. Sister of Aaron,
your father was not a wicked man, nor your mother a woman unchaste.
Mary pointed to the child; but they said, 'Hoe shall we speak to one
who still in the cradle, a little child. And he said, 'Lo, I am God's
servant, God has given me the Book and made me a Prophet Blessed He
has made me ,wherever/may be; and hi has enjoined me to prayer, and to
give the alms so long as I live, and likewise to cherish my mother; He
has not made me arrogant and wicked. Peace be upon me, the day I was
born, and the day I die, and the day I am raised up a live. "Maryam
19:29-33)
in the same chapter, following the above quotation, God assures
Mohammed (PBUH) and through him the whole world, that what is told
above is the TRUTH about Jesus (PBUH), although Christians might not
accept it. Jesus is NOT the son of God: He was obviously enough, the
son of Mary. The verses continue: "That is Jesus, son of Mary, in word
of truth, concerning which they are doubting. It is not for God to
take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him, He nut says to it, 'Be, and it
is. (Maryam 19:34-35)
After this strong statement about the nature of Jesus, God directed
Mohammed (PBUH) to call the Christians to worship the one God: "Surely
God is my God, and your God, so surely serve him. This is the straight
path". (Maryam 19:36)
The rejection of the very idea of God having a son is restated later
in the same chapter with even stronger words: "And they say, The All-
merciful has taken unto Himself a son. You have indeed advanced
something hideous. As if the skies are about to burst, the earth to
split asunder and its mountain to fall down in the utter ruin for that
they have attributed to the All-merciful a son; and behaves not the
All-merciful to take a son. None there in the heavens and earth but
comes to the All-merciful as a servant" (Maryam 19:88-93)
The Quran recognizes the fact that Jesus had no human father, but this
does not make him the son of God, or God himself. By this criterion,
Adam would have been more entitled more entitled to be the son of God,
because he had neither a father nor a mother, so the Quran draws
attention to the miraculous creation of both in the following verses;
" truly the likeness of Jesus, in God's sight is as Adam's likeness;
He created him of dust, then He said upon him, 'Be' and hi was. (Al-
Imran 3:59)
The Quran rejects the concept of Trinity God the Father, God the son,
God the Holy Spirit - as strongly as it rejects the concept of Jesus
as the son of God. This is because GOD IS ONE. Three cannot be one.
The Quran addresses Christians in the following verses from the Surrah
entitled "An-Nisaa" (The Women)
People of the Book, do not go beyond the bounds in your religion, and
say nought as to God but the Truth. The messiah, Jesus, son of Mary,
was only the messenger of God, and his word (Fulfilment of his word
(Fulfilment of His command, through the word "Be", for the creation of
Jesus) that he committed to Mary, and a spirit originating from Him
(was given life by God). So believe in God and His Messengers, and say
not 'Three'. Refrain, better is for you. God is only one God. Glory be
to him-that He should have a son! To Him belongs all that is in the
Heavens and in the Earth; God suffices for a guardian.
The Messiah will not disdain to be a servant of God, neither the
Angels who are close to Him. Whosoever disdains to serve Him and walks
proud, He will assuredly muster them to Him, all of them.
As for the believers, who do deeds of righteousness, we will pay them
their rewards in full, and He will give them more, of His bounty; as
for them who disdain and walks proud, then He will punish with a
severe punishment, and they shall not find for them, apart from God, a
friend or helper." (An-Nissa 4:171-173)
The denial of Jesus's divinity (and. For the matter, of Mary's
divinity) is presented in the Quran in the form of a dialogue, at the
Day of Judgement, between the Almighty Jesus. All the Messengers and
their nations will gather before God and He will ask the Messengers
how they were received by their people and what they said to them.
Among those who will be questioned is Jesus:
"And when God said, 'O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say unto men, "Take
me and my mother as gods, apart from God"? He said, 'To you be glory!
It is not mine to say what I have no right to. If I indeed said it,
you would have known it, knowing what is within my heart, though I do
not know your knowledge; you know the things unseen. I only said to
them what you did commands me: "Serve God, my God and your God." (Al-
Maida 5-116)
Given that the Quran denies the Trinity and the son ship of Jesus,
what, according to the Quran, was the real mission of Jesus? The
answer is that Jesus was a link in a long chain of Prophets and
Messengers sent by God to various nations and societies whenever they
needed guidance or deviated from his teachings of Moses and other
Messengers. As he was miraculously supported by numerous miracles to
prove that he was a Messengers from God. However, the majority of the
Jews rejected his ministry.
In another verse of the Quran, Jesus confirmed the validity of the
Torah which was revealed to Moses, and also conveyed he glad tidings
of a final Messenger who follow him: "And when Jesus son of Mary said,
'Children of Israel, I am indeed the Messenger to you, confirming the
Torah that is before me, and giving good tiding of a Messenger who
shall be the praised one."(As-Saff 61:6)
Note that "praised one" is a translation of "Ahmad" - The Prophet
Mohammed's name. Careful study of the New Testament shows that Jesus
refers to the same Prophet in John 14:16-17: "And I will give you
another Counsellor (ThProphet Mohammed). To be with you for ever, even
the Spirit of Truth."
The usual explanation of this Prophecy is that the counsellor referred
to is the Holy Spirit, but this explanation is excluded by a previous
verse in John: "Nevertheless I tell you the truth: it is to your
advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Counsellor will
not come to you."
The characteristics of this counsellor, as can be derived from the
prophecy, are that he will stay forever with the believers, he will
glorify Jesus; and he will speak that he hears form God. All four
characteristics apply to the Prophet Mohammed. He came six centuries
after Jesus. He came six centuries after Jesus. He came with a
universal and everlasting message, fulfilling the prophecy that the
counsellor will stay forever with the faithful. He glorified Jesus as
a great Prophet. The Quran attributes to Jesus miracles not mentioned
in the Bible's Old and New Testaments, as well as specific verses in
the Quran show how the Prophet Mohammad is rejected by Jews and
Christians out of prejudice and misunderstanding, rather that
carefully study the Bible.
It is a sad fact of history that not many are following the "straight
path" to which people were called by Jesus. He was only followed by a
few disciples inspired by God to support him. The non-believers
plotted - as they would against Mohammed, six centuries later - to
kill Jesus. But God had better plan for him and his followers, as the
Quran tells us:
"And when Jesus perceived their unbelief, he said 'Who will be my
helpers in the cause of God? The apostles said, 'we are Gods helpers.
We believe in God; so bear witness of our submission God, we believe
in that you have sent down, and we follow the Messenger. Inscribe us
therefore with those who bear witness. 'And they devised, and God
devised, and God devised, and God is the best of divisors. When God
said, 'Jesus, I will take you to Me and will raise you to Me, and I
will purify you (of the falsehoods) of those who do not believe. I
will make your followers above the unbelievers till the Resurrection
Day."(Al-Imran 3:52-55)
As the above verses indicate, Jesus was taken and raised to heaven. He
was not crucified. It was certainly the plan of the enemies of Jesus
to put him to death on the cross, but God saved him and someone else
was crucified:
"And for their unbelief, and their uttering against Mary a grave false
charge, and for their saying, 'We killed the messiah, Jesus son of
Mary, the Messiah of God"…yet they did not slay him, neither crucified
him, only a likeness of that was shown to them. Those who are at
variance concerning him are surely in doubt the following of
conjecture; and they did not kill him of certainty…no indeed; God
raised him up to Him; God is Almighty, Allwise. There is not one of
the people of the book but will assuredly believe him before his
death, and on the Resurrection Day he will be a witness against
them." (An-Nissa 4:156-159)
The Quran does not explain who was the person crucified instead of
Jesus, nor elaborate on the Second Coming of Jesus. However,
explanators of the Quran have always interpreted the last verse of the
above quotation to mean that Jesus will believe in him before he dies.
This understanding is supported by authentic sayings (Hadith) of the
Prophet Mohammed may the peace and blessings of Allah him and upon all
His Messengers.